Ammophila arenaria leaf. Light micrograph of a section through a marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) leaf, showing the characteristics that help reduce

Ammophila arenaria leaf. Light micrograph of a section through a marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) leaf, showing the characteristics that help reduce water loss. The outer epidermis (outer circle) consists of a layer of thick cuticle and layers of thick walled sclerenchyma (red), while the inner epidermis is folded and hairy (red) to trap water vapour. Chloroplasts (yellow-green), phloem (brown) and xylem vessels (red) can also be seen. Magnification: x10 when printed 10 centimetres wide.