the vascular flora of the natchez trace parkway - NPS Inventory and ...

THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE 

NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY 

(Franklin, Tennessee to Natchez, Mississippi) 

Results of a Floristic Inventory 

August 2004 - August 2006 

DATE SUBMITTED 

28 February 2008 

PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATORS 

Stephan L. Hatch 

Dale A. Kruse 

S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES), Texas A & M University 

2138 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2138 

SUBMITTED TO 

Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network 

Lafayette, Louisiana 

CONTRACT NUMBER 

J2115040013 

© Dale A. Kruse, 2007 

© Dale A. Kruse 2007

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

The “Natchez Trace” has played an important role in transportation, trade, and communication in 

the region since pre-historic times. As the development and use of steamboats along the Mississippi River 

increased, travel on the Trace diminished and the route began to be reclaimed by nature. A renewed 

interest in the Trace began during, and following, the Great Depression. In the early 1930’s, then 

Mississippi congressman T. J. Busby promoted interest in the Trace from a historical perspective and also 

as an opportunity for employment in the area. Legislation was introduced by Busby to conduct a survey of 

the Trace and in 1936 actual construction of the modern roadway began. Development of the present 

Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR) which follows portions of the original route has continued since that time. 

The last segment of the NATR was completed in 2005. The federal lands that comprise the modern route 

total about 52,000 acres in 25 counties through the states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The 

route, about 445 miles long, is a manicured parkway with numerous associated rest stops, parks, and 

monuments. Current land use along the NATR includes upland forest, mesic prairie, wetland prairie, 

forested wetlands, interspersed with numerous small agricultural croplands. 

The National Park Service (NPS) contracted the S. M. Tracy Herbarium to conduct an inventory of 

vascular plants over the entire length of the NATR. The inventory objectives were to document vascular 

plant diversity within the NATR, ascertain the location of threatened and endangered vascular plant taxa, 

and determine which of the extant plant species were invasive. These objectives were achieved through a 

combination of a literature search, herbarium search, and an intensive field inventory. 

Five (5) trips to the NATR were conducted beginning in August 2004 and ending in October 2005, 

to make field collections. Collections were made over the entire length of the NATR on each of the five 

trips. Vouchers were collected and processed in the field for subsequent identification at the S. M. Tracy 

Herbarium. Verification of several specimens required trips to Ft. Worth, Texas to utilize the collections 

housed at the Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT). Processing of vouchers involved identification, 

label preparation, and mounting. These tasks were performed in accordance with NPS protocol. Vouchers 

for the study comprise a total of 167 families, 750 genera, and 2197 taxa (including infraspecific taxa). 

Significant increases in the number of grasses (Poaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae) were added by the 

study team. Vouchers were collected by the team for 1154 native taxa, 212 introduced taxa and 8 taxa 

considered both native and introduced. Previous NPSpecies (NPS Database) records account for an 

additional 642 native taxa, 173 introduced taxa, and 6 considered both native and introduced taxa. 

2

Field observations were made of two possible locations in Tennessee where Apios priceana B.L. 

Robbins (a federally listed endangered species) may exist. However, impacts on the two sites due to 

haying and roadside maintenance made the subsequent verification of this species impossible. The study 

team recommends the NPS reassess its maintenance activities with respect to mowing at sites where A. 

priceana may exist. Persistence of this, and any other endangered species, is doubtful if such sites are 

continually mowed to an 8 inch stubble height. 

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

An inventory of this magnitude would be impossible without the assistance of numerous 

individuals. The authors wish to express their thanks to the staff of the National Park Service’s Gulf Coast 

Inventory and Monitoring Network (Paul Conzelman – retired, Whitney Granger) and the Natchez Trace 

Parkway (Kurt Foote, Bill Whitworth, C. E. Miller Smith ) who provided invaluable logistics and resources 

both in the field, and in the office. A special thanks goes out to Whitney Granger, whose guidance and 

patience was, and still is, essential to the completion of this inventory. 

Throughout the course of this project numerous graduate and undergraduate students from Texas 

A & M University provided much needed assistance in the field and laboratory. Nena M. Phillips was 

involved in the project from the beginning and her knowledge, skills, and attention to detail were a critical 

asset. Mark Tietz, Callie Monk, Kayla Kruse, Mindy Gallardo, Ashley Mock, Tracy Evans, and Darren 

Pawlik spent countless hours in the field and herbarium collecting specimens, processing vouchers, 

entering data, and other less than glamorous tasks which facilitated completion of this inventory. Guy 

Nesom, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, provided expert assistance with the identification of several 

Symphyotrichum specimens whose identity had eluded the authors. The curators of the following herbaria 

provided specimen data or answered our inquiries: APCR, APSC, AUA, BBG, BRIT, DSC, ETSU, GH, 

HALA, HEND, HGCRL, HTTU, IBE, LAF, LRU, LSU, LSUS, LTU, MISS, MISSA, MMNS, MEM, MO, MTSU, 

NLU, NO, NY, STAR, SWMT, SWSL, TENN, THIB, TROY, UAM, UARK, UCHT, UNA, UNAF, UOS, US. 

And last, but definitely not least, our sincere appreciation to our wives, Nora Lee Hatch and Maggie 

Kruse, who steadfastly supported our ambitions, despite many long hours at the herbarium and the time 

spent away from home while in the field. 

4

A. Kruse 2004 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 

LIST OF FIGURES 6 

LIST OF TABLES 7 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 8 

1.1 History of the Natchez Trace Parkway 8 

1.2 Land Use along the Natchez Trace Parkway 10 

1.3 Climate 13 

2.0 METHODS 15 

2.1 Literature Review 15 

2.2 Herbaria Search 15 

2.3 Field and Laboratory Methods 16 

2.3.1 Field Collection Schedule and Methods 16 

2.3.2 Specimen Identification 16 

2.3.3 Voucher Processing 17 

3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 18 

3.1 Literature Search 18 

3.1.1 Review of National Park Service Sources 18 

3.1.2 Review of Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi State Floras 19 

3.1.3 Review of Regional (Southeastern United States) Floras 19 

3.2 Herbaria Search 20 

3.3 Field Collections 22 

3.3.1 Field Schedule and Collecting Effort 22 

3.3.2 Taxonomic Distribution of the Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 24 

3.3.3 Nativity of Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 25 

3.3.4 Longevity of Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 26 

3.3.5 Growth Habit of Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 26 

3.3.6 Endemism of the Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 27 

3.3.7 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plant Taxa of the Natchez Trace Parkway 28 

3.3.8 Weedy and Invasive Taxa of the Natchez Trace Parkway 29 

3.3.9 Verification of Vouchers at NATR Headquarters 30 

4.0 THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY 32 

5.0 REFERENCES 138 

APPENDICES 

Appendix A Collection Locations by State, County, and Date 141 

Appendix B Endemic Vascular Plants of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee 186 

Appendix C Locations of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plant Taxa on the 

Natchez Trace Parkway 190 

Appendix D Alphabetical List (by Genus) of the Vascular Flora of the Natchez Trace Parkway 196 

5

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 1 The Natchez Trace Parkway in the Southeastern United States 9 

Figure 2 Moderate to Heavily Forested Sites 11 

Figure 3 Mesic Upland Prairies 11 

Figure 4 Lowland Wet Prairies 12 

Figure 5 Forested Wetlands 12 

Figure 6 Maintained Roadsides 12 

Figure 7 Natural Areas 12 

Figure 8 Hay Prairies 12 

Figure 9 Grain and Fiber Crops 12 

Figure 10 Un-mown Prairie Site - August 2004 24 

Figure 11 Mowed Prairie Site - July 2005 24 

6

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 1 Natchez Trace Parkway Mileage by County and State 10 

Table 2 2004 and 2005 Monthly Temperatures of Five Large Cities 

along the Natchez Trace Parkway 13 

Table 3 2004 and 2005 Monthly Precipitation of Five Large Cities 

along the Natchez Trace Parkway 14 

Table 4 Summary of Request for Specimen Records 21 

Table 5 Summary of Field Dates and Sampling Effort 23 

Table 6 Summary of Collections by Division 24 

Table 7 Comparison of Study Collections to the Natchez Trace 

Parkway Headquarters Collections 25 

Table 8 Summary of Nativity by Division 26 

Table 9 Summary of Longevity by Division 26 

Table 10 Summary of Growth Habit by Division 26 

Table 11 Records of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plant Taxa 

on the Natchez Trace Parkway 29 

Table 12 Verification of Voucher Specimens at NATR Headquarters 31 

7

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

1.1 History of the Natchez Trace Parkway 

The influence of the “Natchez Trace” (Trace) in our nation’s westward expansion and the 

associated economic and political development is often understated. Since its earliest beginnings, the 

Trace has played a vital role in transportation, trade, and communications at a local, regional, and even 

national level. In use since pre-historic times, the Trace has been witness to a diverse array of travelers 

from many important eras in our nation’s history. As an economic route serving its earliest users, the 

American Indian, to its use by a multitude of European and American travelers, the Trace has provided a 

viable and convenient means of north to south travel. In contemporary times the roadway and associated 

lands have preserved countless examples of our nation’s scenic and historical treasures. Throughout 

history, the Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR) has entwined its way in the lives and history of the people and 

places of the southeastern United States. 

As a vast network of intertwined trails, the early Trace was used by American Indians as a major 

trade route between the various regional Indian nations. Around 1540, Hernando DeSoto is believed to be 

the first European to travel part of the route in his exploration of the southeastern United States. In the late 

1600’s the French used the Trace to travel southward from their settlements in the St. Lawrence Valley, 

and the Revolutionary War saw use of the trace by troops in eastern Tennessee (Crutchfield 1985). 

Numerous merchants from Nashville, and other up-stream locales, transported their wares down the 

Mississippi River to ports such as Natchez, Mississippi or New Orleans, Louisiana. Upon arriving at their 

destination these merchants would market their goods, selling everything including their boats or rafts 

which were sold for the lumber, and then return to their homes on foot or horseback along the Trace (NATR 

staff 2002). In addition, countless un-named merchants, slave traders, land speculators, and other 

“businessmen” utilized the Trace as a means of north-south travel. Not to be left out, unscrupulous robbers 

and thieves took advantage of many weary and un-wary travelers along the way. A few prominent and well 

known personalities such as Meriwether Lewis, John J. Audubon, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston, and others 

used the route at one time or another. In 1800, Congress established the Trace as a postal route and 

charged the United States Army to clear a new road from Nashville to Natchez. After the Revolutionary 

War use of the Trace was encouraged as a means of increased transportation and communication between 

settlements in the east and Natchez to the west. Following the defense of New Orleans in the War of 1812, 

American troops used the Trace to return to their homes in the north. 

8

As the number of travelers increased, more people began utilizing horses and wagons as the 

preferred method of transportation. The route of the Trace would also change, with changes in the 

weather. Old paths would become too muddy and eventually covered in ruts, too deep for wagons to pass. 

In response travelers would create new routes to bypass these sections, and continue on. Throughout 

history the actual location of the Trace, or individual sections, has often been dynamic. Many such 

changes were driven, at least in part, by changes in the modes of transportation utilized over time. By 

1820, as technological developments advanced, steam boats were in common use along the Mississippi 

River and made up river travel much more practical. As a result, traffic along the Trace began to diminish 

(NATR staff 2002). Following the diminishing travel on the Trace, the route fell into disrepair and nature 

began to reclaim the route. 

Figure 1: The Natchez Trace Parkway in the Southeastern United States 

Natchez, MS ● 

Tupelo, MS ● 

Nashville, TN ● 

● Jackson, MS 

After decades of decline, and the onset of the Great Depression, interest in the Trace was 

renewed. In the early 1930’s then Mississippi Congressman Thomas Jefferson Busby, a native of 

Tishomingo County, entered legislation calling for an initial survey of the route. Prompted at least in part as 

a means of providing badly needed jobs for large numbers of the region’s unemployed, on May 21, 1934 

the 73rd United States Congress commissioned the National Park Service (NPS) to make a survey of “the 

9 

● Muscle Shoals, AL 

Natchez Trace Parkway ───

old Indian trail known as the Old Natchez Trace - with a view to constructing a national road on this route to 

be known as the Natchez Trace Parkway” (NATR staff 2002). The initial survey was completed in 1935 

and later that year Congress allocated an initial sum of $1,286,686 for the construction of the first three 

phases in Mississippi. Actual construction of the “modern” roadway was initiated in 1936 with the 

expressed goal “to commemorate the historical significance of the Old Natchez Trace” (NATR staff 2002). 

Some sections of the present day Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR) follow the original route of the Old 

Natchez Trace, while others parallel or intersect preserved lengths of the original route. The last segment 

of the modern NATR roadway was completed in May of 2005, nearly 71 years after Congress’ initial 

authorization. The final completed route covers approximately 445 miles stretching from its southern 

terminus at Natchez, Mississippi (N 31° 41’ 13.1”, W 91° 11’ 21.6”) to its northern terminus just south of 

Nashville, Tennessee (N 36° 01’ 45.1”, W 86° 58’ 29.2”). Following a sinuous course, the NATR crosses 

through 25 counties in three southeastern US states; Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Table 1, 

summarizes the distribution of NATR mileage by county and state. 

Table 1: Natchez Trace Parkway Mileage by County and State 

Mississippi Alabama Tennessee 

Adams 0.0 10.5 

Colbert 309.0 328.0 Wayne 341.8 371.2 

Jefferson 10.5 31.9 

Lauderdale 328.0 341.8 Lawrence 371.2 376.5 

Claiborne 31.9 61.1 

Lewis 376.5 398.8 

Hinds 61.1 95.0 

Hickman 398.8 401.3 

Madison 95.0 133.3 

Maury 401.3 401.9 

Leake 133.3 152.1 

Hickman 401.9 407.6 

Attala 152.1 180.3 

Maury 407.6 407.8 

Choctaw 180.3 203.6 

Hickman 407.8 409.5 

Webster 203.6 218.9 

Maury 409.5 420.4 

Clay 218.9 221.2 

Williamson 420.4 441.6 

Chickasaw 221.2 245.9 

Davidson 441.6 444.0 

Pontotoc 245.9 251.4 

Lee 251.4 278.9 

Itawamba 278.9 283.8 

Prentiss 283.8 292.7 

Tishomingo 292.7 309.0 

Total State Mileage 309.0 

Percentage of NATR 69.6 



1.2 Land Use along the Natchez Trace Parkway 

10 



The federal lands that comprise the NATR average 412.5 feet on either side of the roadway for a 

total area of approximately 52,000 acres (Bachleda 2005). Although largely a linear “park” the inclusion of 

several parks and monuments such as Meriwether Lewis National Monument in Tennessee; Jeff Busby, 

and Rocky Springs Parks in Mississppi; create much larger tracts of property in close association with the 

roadway. The general land use adjacent to the NATR consists of mostly rural land composed of moderate

to heavily forested sites (Figure 2) interspersed with mesic upland prairies (Figure 3), lowland wet prairies 

(Figure 4), and forested wetlands (Figure 5). At several points along the route the roadway runs adjacent 

to, or crosses, open water sites such as the Ross Barnett Reservior, and the Tenn-Tom Waterway, both in 

Mississippi, and the Tennessee River in extreme northwestern Alabama. Portions of the NATR also 

traverse sections of the Tombigbee National Forest and Tishomingo State Park in northern Mississippi. 

Although primarily passing through rural agricultural land, the NATR approaches very near numerous small 

communities throughout its route and passes directly through the major cities of Jackson and Tupelo, 

Mississippi. 

In keeping with the concept of a “scenic roadway” throughout the length of the NATR, the 

roadsides are regularly mowed for varying distances from the paved roadway (Figure 6). Beyond these 

regularly maintained roadsides, the majority of the NATR is kept in a somewhat “natural” condition (Figure 

7). The lateral distance of this “maintenance” varies depending on the local topography, existing tree 

cover, water bodies, and the actual property boundaries of the NATR. Interspersed with the natural 

vegetation are numerous, small to moderately sized, acreages which are leased to local agriculturally 

based private interests. The frequency and acreage of individual tracts varies, but there is a general 

increase in both frequency and size moving from the north to the south. This trend is assumed to be the 

result of topography, elevation, and local soil characteristics. These sites are typically utilized as either 

prairie for hay (Figure 8), or converted for production of various grain and fiber crops (Figure 9). This 

agricultural use is very evident in some areas of the NATR, especially in extensive sections of Mississippi 

which are leased to local farmers for row crops such as corn, soybeans, and cotton. 

Figure 2: Moderate to Heavily Forested Sites Figure 3: Mesic Upland Prairies 


11

Figure 4: Lowland Wet Prairies 


12 

Figure 5: Forested Wetlands 

Figure 6: Maintained Roadsides Figure 7: Natural Areas 

Figure 8: Grain and Fiber Crops Figure 9: Hay Prairies 



© Dale A. Kruse, 2007 © Dale A. Kruse, 2007 

© Dale A. Kruse, 2007

A. Kruse 2004 

1.3 Climate 

Due to the liner configuration, and north to south orientation, of the Natchez Trace Parkway 

(NATR) there is often a significant difference in the climate from north to south. The following climatological 

data were summarized from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data 

Center (NOAA 2006). While the average temperature for Nashville, TN (near the northern terminus) is 49.1 

°F in March, the average temperature for Natchez, MS (the southern terminus) is 58.1 °F (all averages are 

from 1999-2003). This difference in average temperature plays an important role in the start of the growing 

season in any given year. As an example, on the March 2005 collection trip, the north collection team was 

collecting plants in the snow at the beginning © Stephan of L. the Hatch trip, 2004 

while the lower NATR collection team was 

encountering temperatures in the mid-50’s to 60’s. As a result, the flora on the generally southern portions 

of the NATR was further advanced than the flora in the more northern sections. To illustrate this difference 

in growing seasons; on the May 2005 collection trip, the entire NATR was examined by the upper NATR 

collection team. In the course of this trip casual observations were made concerning the developmental 

stage of one particular taxon, the slender rush (Juncus tenuis Willd). Observation of plants in the field 

indicated the taxon was under-developed and relatively immature in Tennessee. As the team progressed 

south, towards Alabama and northern Mississippi, J. tenuis had matured significantly to the point where 

specimens in this middle section were in excellent condition. Finally, as the team reached the southern 

terminus, J. tenuis had become very mature. All of these observations were made within a 10 day time 

span, which shows the great variation over the length of the 445 mile Parkway. Tables 2 and 3 summarize 

average monthly temperatures and precipitation (1999-2003) and yearly figures for 2004 and 2005 for five 

major cities along, or near, the route of the NATR. 

Table 2: 2004 and 2005 Monthly Temperatures of Five Large Cities along the Natchez Trace Parkway 

City Temperature/Month J F M A M J J A S O N D 

Nashville, 

TN 

Average 

2004 

2005 

38.4 

38.6 

43.4 

43.2 

40.7 

45.0 

49.1 

53.3 

47.6 

61.2 

59.4 

59.7 

67.8 

71.7 

66.1 

75.0 

75.6 

76.9 

80.1 

77.7 

81.1 

79.5 

74.3 

81.8 

71.7 

72.1 

75.1 

60.8 

64.5 

61.1 

51.2 

53.6 

* 

40.0 

40.0 

* 

Muscle 

Shoals, 

AL 

Average 

2004 

2005 

39.8 

41.3 

46.9 

45.5 

42.5 

48.3 

51.7 

56.0 

51.5 

63.3 

60.6 

61.1 

69.8 

73.9 

68.0 

75.8 

75.8 

76.3 

79.8 

77.9 

80.6 

79.7 

74.9 

82.0 

73.0 

72.9 

75.5 

62.3 

66.6 

61.7 

52.8 

55.8 

* 

42.0 

42.6 

* 

Tupelo, 

MS 

Average 

2004 

2005 

42.1 

42.0 

47.6 

47.2 

42.6 

49.5 

52.5 

56.3 

53.1 

65.8 

60.4 

62.1 

70.4 

72.5 

69.2 

76.9 

76.6 

78.0 

81.3 

79.1 

81.9 

81.3 

75.7 

83.7 

74.0 

73.0 

77.9 

63.4 

67.5 

63.6 

56.5 

57.6 

* 

42.6 

43.1 

* 

Jackson, 

MS 

Average 

2004 

2005 

46.5 

47.2 

51.0 

51.3 

46.5 

52.1 

56.2 

60.5 

55.1 

66.3 

63.0 

63.0 

73.2 

72.8 

70.5 

78.3 

77.9 

78.8 

81.9 

80.5 

82.6 

82.4 

77.6 

82.9 

75.7 

76.0 

78.3 

65.2 

72.1 

64.9 

55.8 

58.9 

* 

46.4 

46.6 

* 

Natchez, Average 

49.2 53.6 58.1 66.8 73.5 77.6 80.8 79.9 74.6 65.6 56.5 48.6 

MS 2004 

47.8 46.6 62.0 63.4 72.6 77.9 80.2 77.7 75.8 72.7 60.0 47.7 

2005 

51.8 53.2 55.5 62.8 69.8 77.7 81.4 82.6 78.9 63.9 * * 

* Data are not available for these months. Averages were calculated from N.O.A.A. 1999-2003. Adapted from N.O.A.A. 1999-2005. 

13

Table 3: 2004 and 2005 Monthly Precipitation of Five Large Cities along the Natchez Trace Parkway 

City Year J F M A M J J A S O N D 

Nashville, 

TN 

Average 

2004 

2005 

4.51 

3.6 

4.42 

5.02 

5.77 

3.84 

4.41 

4.81 

3.9 

3.99 

6.69 

6.93 

6.45 

6.9 

1.03 

4.12 

3.39 

2.7 

3.34 

3.19 

4.39 

3.22 

4.24 

6.89 

4.13 

4.55 

4.44 

2.64 

4.9 

0.02 

4.31 

5.31 

* 

3.65 

5.93 

* 

Muscle 

Shoals, 

AL 

Tupelo, 

MS 

Jackson, 

MS 

Natchez, 

MS 

Average 

2004 

2005 

Average 

2004 

2005 

Average 

2004 

2005 

Average 

2004 

2005 

4.73 

3.07 

3.48 

6.02 

3.06 

5.38 

4.52 

4.23 

3.72 

5.38 

6.47 

3.09 

7.38 

7.66 

4.68 

4.87 

6.43 

4.72 

3.88 

6.5 

4.9 

3.81 

10.39 

6.56 

7.04 

5.28 

2.16 

5.62 

5.68 

1.85 

5.97 

1.23 

7.68 

7.23 

2.13 

5.21 

4.26 

2.63 

4.8 

6.51 

3.01 

5.99 

5.25 

2.89 

7.33 

8.31 

4.13 

2.66 

14 

4.67 

4.95 

0.82 

5.37 

6.23 

0.87 

3.7 

9.25 

3.22 

3.91 

10.52 

5.99 

* Data are not available for these months. Averages were calculated from N.O.A.A. 1999-2003. Adapted from N.O.A.A. 1999-2005. 

2.0 METHODS 

5.19 

8.83 

4.89 

4.74 

8.63 

5.1 

5.37 

5.96 

1.66 

6.33 

8.84 

1.94 

4.34 

7.15 

2.71 

3.25 

3.95 

8.45 

5.5 

5.43 

4.59 

3.91 

4.57 

3.69 

2.65 

4.88 

5.53 

11.99 

3.77 

5.83 

3.32 

7.7 

7.89 

5.23 

2.42 

1.65 

3.52 

6.03 

3.71 

4.07 

2.09 

4.28 

4.54 

1.41 

3.14 

4.06 

1.18 

8.95 

2.49 

5.54 

0.01 

3.99 

7.1 

0.02 

4.23 

4.81 

* 

3.72 

7.22 

* 

4.62 

7.05 

* 

5.36 

8.84 

* 

5.12 

8.14 

* 

6.88 

10.32 

* 

The NPS has inventoried selected groups of organisms in park units within its jurisdiction. Many of 

these inventories focused on the vertebrate fauna and vascular flora in various units of the NPS system. 

The NATR has not completed a comprehensive floristic inventory since its establishment as a unit of the 

National Park Service in 1938. Therefore, as part of this initiative, in August 2004, the S. M. Tracy 

Herbarium at Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, was contracted by the National Park 

Service’s Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network to conduct an inventory of vascular plants along the 

entire length of the Natchez Trace Parkway. 

Inventory Objectives 

● Documentation of vascular plant diversity within the parkway’s boundaries – Changes in land 

use on a local as well as regional level often have negative impacts of the native flora of any given 

region. The NATR, due to its unique configuration, geographic location, and close proximity to 

adjacent properties, is particularly susceptible to changes in adjacent land use and commercial 

development. 

● Ascertain the location of endangered or threatened vascular plant taxa - Management of 

current and future mainternance activities, in addition to parkway construction projects, would 

4.11 

7.88 

* 

5.17 

10.81 

* 

4.07 

5.23 

* 

4.38 

7.24 

*

undoubtedly have negative impacts on taxa that have a limited distribution or highly specific habitat 

requirements. 

● Determine what existing vascular plant taxa within the parkway are considered invasive. The 

NPS has gone to great efforts to control the invasion of many plant taxa such as; tree of heaven 

[Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle] and kudzu [Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) 

Maesen & S. Almeida] (personal communication Whitworth 2004). 

This inventory encompassed a parkwide inventory of all vascular plant taxa, with an additional 

emphasis on plant taxa listed as threatened or endangered on either federal or individual state lists, and 

identification of taxa considered invasive. The inventory consisted of three primary methods of 

investigation: 1) a literature review, 2) a herbaria search, and 3) an intensive field inventory. 

2.1 Literature Review 

A review of available literature was conducted to determine any vascular plant taxa that have been 

previously documented on the NATR. Searches of scientific journals, relevant national, regional, and local 

floras, and several un-published NPS reports provided by the NATR staff were reviewed for verifiable 

records of collections within NATR boundaries. 

2.2 Herbaria Search 

A written request for existing records of plant specimens was sent to 4 national, and 38 regional, 

herbaria. Specimen records were requested from regional herbaria in Alabama (8), Arkansas (6), Louisiana 

(7), Mississippi (7), Tennessee (9), and Texas (1). The Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT) was 

included because the collection formerly housed at Vanderbilt University (VDB), Nashville, TN is currently 

being curated at BRIT. The same request was made to four national herbaria; the New York Botanical 

Garden (NY), the Smithsonian Institution (US), Harvard University Herbaria (HUH), and the Missouri 

Botanical Garden (MO) since these larger collections typically house a much wider geographic and 

taxonomic representation than many smaller herbaria. The request specifically targeted records of any 

vascular plants and endangered taxa in the states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The search 

criteria were; 1) any records of specimens collected in the counties through which the NATR traversed, and 

2) a listing of any threatened or endangered taxa accounts for those states. The list of herbaria searched 

and the appropriate herbarium acronyms were taken from Index Herbariorum (IH 2004). 

15 

Comment [WG1]: Were there any 

vouchers found as part if this search? If 

so, where is the data?

Records of extant vascular plant vouchers curated at the NATR headquarters were obtained in 

electronic format and incorporated into the cummulative list of taxa. 

2.3 Field and Laboratory Methods 

2.3.1 Field Collection Schedule and Methods 

Two groups of collectors were utilized to efficiently use the time available for making collections. 

On each trip, one group began at the northern terminus of the NATR (just south of Franklin, Tennessee – 

mile marker 442), while the other group began at the southern terminus of the NATR (just north of Natchez, 

Mississippi – mile marker 0). The two groups then made collections along the NATR until each group had 

completed approximately one-half of the length of the route (approximately 40 miles south of Tupelo, 

Mississippi – mile marker 225). Due to the large distance to be covered, specific collection locations were 

determined through visual interpretation of changes in plant community types along the NATR. Additional 

collections were made between plant communities whenever casual observations indicated there may be a 

new taxa present. Specimens were collected by walking along the roadside and then laterally to the 

Parkway’s boundary, when the boundary could be determined. The intent was to collect each taxon only 

once per group. However, repeated collections occurred along the different sections of the Parkway due to 

overlapping taxa compositions in the two sections. 

Because sampling of some collection sites was duplicated on multiple trips, each date and site 

combination was given a unique location number. A list of these locations arranged by state, county, and 

date is provided in Appendix A. Collections were processed in the field and then subsequently transported 

to the S. M. Tracy Herbarium for identification and final processing. Location data, including GPS location 

and mile marker (or closest mile marker) for each habitat were recorded at the time of collection. Plant 

specific data was recorded pertaining to abundance (using the following categories: abundant, common, 

uncommon, or rare), nativity (native or introduced), cultivation and “weediness” of the plants. 

2.3.2 Specimen Identification 

Identification of collections was completed by TAES staff utilizing resources at TAES and 

identifications were verified using specimens in the S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES). Some identifications 

needed to be verified utilizing the collections at the Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT), and 

Vanderbilt University (VDB - is currently housed at BRIT). In accordance with an existing Loan Agreement, 

16

vouchers collected as part of this inventory are housed in the S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES) in College 

Station, Texas. 

Numerous publications were utilized for identification of vouchers, the following represent the 

primary references used: Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States (Cronquist 1980), Woody Vines 

of the Southeastern United States (Duncan 1975), Trees of the Southeastern United States (Duncan and 

Duncan 1988), Flora of North America North of Mexico: Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms 

(FNAEC 1993), Flora of North America North of Mexico: Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, 

Commelinidae (in part) and Zingberidae (FNAEC 2000), Flora of North America North of Mexico: Volume 

23: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae (FNAEC 2002), Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the 

Southeastern United States: Monocotyledons (Godfrey and Wooten 1979), Flora of North America North of 

Mexico: Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 (FNAEC 2003), Aquatic and 

Wetland Plants of the Southeastern United States: Dicotyledons (Godfrey and Wooten 1981), Gould’s 

Grasses of Texas (Hatch 2005), Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States: Volume 3, Part 2: 

Leguminosae (Fabaceae) (Isley 1990), A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States 

and Canada (Lellinger 1985), Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small 1933), Manual of the Vascular Flora 

of the Carolinas (Radford et al. 1968), Shinner’s and Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas 

(Diggs et al. 1999), Flora of Missouri (Steyermark 1963), and Guide to the Trees, Shrubs, and Woody 

Vines of Tennessee (Wofford and Chester 2002). Authorities were assigned using the Integrated 

Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) website (ITIS 2004) and the United States Department of Agriculture 

Natural Resource Conservation Service’s PLANTS database (USDA 2004). 

2.3.3 Voucher Processing 

Vouchers were permanently mounted on standard 11 ½” X 16 ½ “ archival quality, acid free, 

herbarium paper along with a printed label containing the following information: family name, scientific 

name, authority(ies), physical location, site number, latitude and longitude data, horizontal error, associated 

taxa, collector name(s), collection number, any special notes, and the date of collection. In keeping with 

NPS databasing protocol, a habitat type was assigned to each location using the National Vegetation 

Classification System developed by the Nature Conservancy (2005). 

The existence of endangered or threatened taxa encountered along the Parkway was “recorded” 

using a digital photograph, to be used as the voucher for the specimen. Pertinent location information was 

also recorded as described above. 

17

3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

3.1 Literature Search 

3.1.1 Review of National Park Service Sources 

Although there has not been a comprehensive inventory of vascular plants within the NATR, a 

number of smaller floral surveys have been conducted. However, the emphasis of these reports was 

limited to either localized sites or specific plant groups based on growth form and rare taxa. Beginning in 

the mid 1940’s, and continuing intermittently through the mid 1960’s these studies accumulated 

approximately 1900 specimens, representing 1021 taxa. With data collected at specific localities, these 

collections represent an initial attempt to inventory the NATR by park naturalists, associated staff, and 

associated independent contractors. 

In 1963 park naturalist Donald Black developed an Illustrated Guide to the Climbing Plants of the 

Parkway (Black 1963). The stated purpose of this guide was to “provide a layman-type picture guide for 

quick identification of climbing plants found along the parkway” (Black 1963). Probably used mainly by park 

staff, the illustrations appear incomplete and were apparently drawn from dried herbarium specimens. 

Black (1963) stated in the introduction to the guide that “a more comprehensive manual to all parkway taxa 

was in progress” but as far as can be determined this was never completed. 

In 1991, a preliminary vegetation survey was conducted at the Chickasaw Village site located in 

Tupelo, Mississippi (Wieland 1994). The purpose of this survey was to determine the suitability of this site 

for prairie restoration. Plots surveyed as part of the survey identified 107 taxa. 

In 1995, the Tennessee Chapter of the Nature Conservancy (TNC) was contracted to conduct a 

biological survey of the flora, fauna, and ecological associations along the NATR from Highway 32 in 

northeast Mississippi to Leipers Fork, Tennessee. This survey covered approximately 130 miles of the 

Parkway’s 445 mile length (TNC 1995). Results of this report are summarized in section 3.3.7 and in 

greater detail in Appendix C. 

The most recent study, completed in 1996, focused on the presence of three threatened or 

endangered species in the proposed location of the Southern Parkway Terminus. The goals of the study 

were to delimit the distribution of these taxa in the area surveyed and determine the approximate the size of 

18

any extant populations (Rosso and Reed 1996). Results of this report are summarized in section 3.3.7 and 

in greater detail in Appendix C. 

3.1.2 Review of Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi State Floras 

Tennessee - According to Frodin (2001), Gattinger published The Flora of Tennessee and a 

Philosophy of Botany in 1901, which included a listing of the vascular plants as well as some remarks on 

local range and habitat; however, there was no usable key. The most current listing of vascular plants of 

Tennessee was published by Wofford and Kral (1993). Also published by Wofford and Chester (2002) was 

the Guide to Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Tennessee, which proved to be an invaluable resource 

during the course of this project. 

Alabama - The only flora published for Alabama is Mohr (1901) Plant Life of Alabama. However, 

being published in 1901, it is currently outdated. A checklist of vascular plants was published in 2002 by 

the Department of Biological Sciences at Auburn University (Morton et al. 2002). The collections of the 

John D. Freeman Herbarium at Auburn University and the University of Alabama Herbarium were 

combined to produce a checklist of 201 families, 1047 genera, and 3544 taxa (Morton et al. 2002). A 

treatment of ferns of Alabama was published by Dean in 1969, which included keys as well as county 

distribution data (Frodin 2001). 

Mississippi - There is currently no vascular flora available for the state of Mississippi. Treatments 

of several small families have been produced and published in journals such as Castanea and Phytologia 

by S.B. Jones (Frodin 2001). A Preliminary Checklist of Mississippi Plants (McCook and Kartesz 2004) is 

currently being developed by staff at the University of Mississippi’s Thomas H. Pullen Herbarium. 

3.1.3 Review of Regional (Southeastern United States) Floras 

The first major floristic work in the southeastern United States was by John Darby. Frodin (2001), 

reports that Darby produced A Manual of Botany in 1841 and Botany of the Southern States in 1855. The 

Manual of the Southeastern Flora by Small, first published in 1903, was a compilation of data from over 

50,000 specimens as well as literature provided by other botanists in the region (Frodin 2001). Small’s 

Manual of the Southeastern Flora is still one of the few major floras for the area, although it is mostly 

outdated now due to numerous nomenclatural changes. There has been little work at the state level with 

the exception of Mohr (1901), Plant Life of Alabama. This work was published as part of the Geological 

Survey of Alabama by Eugene Smith after Mohr’s death. 

19

After the economic progression of the south in the 1950’s, interest in a descriptive flora gained 

more interest (Frodin 2001). This interest led to the beginning of the Vascular Plants for the Southeastern 

United States project at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Frodin 2001). The goal of this 

project was to bring the flora of the southeast up-to-date following the style of the very successful Manual of 

the vascular flora of the Carolinas (Radford et al. 1968). However, only two volumes have been completed 

to date: Volume 1 ASTERACEAE (Cronquist 1980) and Volume 2, Part 3 Leguminosae (Fabaceae) (Isley 

1990). 

Godfrey and Wooten published Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southeastern United States, 

which consisted of two volumes: Monocotyledons (Godfrey and Wooten 1979) and Dicotyledons (Godfrey 

and Wooten 1981). This work covers North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, 

Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and Louisiana. 

The most current flora in production is the Flora of North America North of Mexico which is being 

compiled by the Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). Upon completion, there will be 30 

volumes. Volume 1 (background information for understanding patterns in the flora) and Volume 2 

(treatments of ferns and gymnosperms) were published in 1993 (FNAEC 1997). Volumes 3-26 are 

angiosperms and are arranged using Cronquist’s classification system (FNAEC 1997). Volumes 3-5, 19- 

23, and 25-26 are currently published. At the present time, Volumes 6-11 and 24 are in production. 

Volumes 27-29 will cover Bryophytes, and Volume 30 will be the cumulative bibliography and index 

(FNAEC 1997). This large flora will cover all of North America north of Mexico, so will therefore be very 

useful in terms of filling the gap of state floras in the southeastern United States. 

3.2 Herbaria Search 

Requests were sent to 42 herbaria in the eastern and southeastern U.S. Responses were 

received from 20 (47.6%) of these herbaria. Of the responses received, 15 out of the 20 (75.0%) were 

unable to provide any specimen data in accordance with the criteria set forth. However, specimen data 

was received from 6 herbaria in the form of downloaded database records, photocopies of specimen labels, 

e-mail references, etc., which are summarized in Table 4 below. Data was received in different forms, and 

the level of detail varied between records. All of the records received were analyzed for possible verifiable 

NATR collections. Of the 231 actual specimen records received, none were able to provide a verifiable 

location within the boundaries of the NATR. 

20

Table 4: Summary of Request for Specimen Records 

State / Herbarium 

Alabama 

Auburn University 

Birmingham Botanical Gardens 

Jacksonville State University 

Troy State University 

University of Alabama – Huntsville 

University of Alabama – Tusculoosa 

University of Northern Alabama – Florence 

University of South Alabama – Mobile 

Arkansas 

Arkansas Tech University 

Henderson State University 

University of Arkansas – Little Rock 

University of Arkansas – Monticello 

University of Arkansas – Fayetteville 

Arkansas State University 

Louisiana 

Louisiana State University 

Louisiana State University – Shreveport 

Louisiana Tech University 

Nicholls State University 

Tulane University 

University of Louisiana – Lafayette 

University of Louisiana – Monroe 

Mississippi 

Delta State University 

Gulf Coast Research Laboratory 

Institute for Botanical Exploration 

Mississippi Museum of Natural History 

Mississippi State University 

University of Mississippi 

USDA/ARS 

Tennessee 

Austin Peay State University 

East Tennessee State University 

Middle Tennessee State University 

Rhodes College 

Tennessee Technological University 

University of Memphis 

University of Tennessee – Knoxville 

University of Tennessee – Chattanooga 

University of the South 

Texas 

Botanical Research Institute of Texas 

(inclusive of BRIT, SMU, VDB herbaria) 

National Herbaria 

Smithsonian Institute 

Missouri Botanical Garden 

Harvard University 

New York Botanical Garden 

TOTALS 

1 T & E = Threatened or Endangered Taxa 

Herbarium 

Acronym 

AUA 

BBG 

JSU 

TROY 

HALA 

UNA 

UNAF 

USAM 

APCR 

HEND 

LRU 

UAM 

UARK 

STAR 

LSU 

LSUS 

LTU 

THIB 

NO 

LAF 

NLU 

DSC 

HGCRL 

IBE 

MMNS 

MISSA 

MISS 

SWSL 

APSC 

ETSU 

MTSU 

SWMT 

HTTU 

MEM 

TENN 

UCHT 

UOS 

BRIT 

US 

MO 

GH 

NY 

Response 

(Y/N) 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

N 

21 

Number of Records Received 

Non T & E 1 

Specimens 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

17 

0 

161 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

48 

0 

0 

0 

0 

T & E 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

48 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Non T & E 

Specimens 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Verifiable NATR 

Records 

20 231 53 0 0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

T & E 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

MMNS / MISS - Records received from MMNS and MISS were in a spreadsheet format, and only 

provided data to the county level; there was no indication as to whether these specimens were collected 

along the NATR. 

BRIT - The data from BRIT were photocopies of herbarium sheet labels of threatened and 

endangered taxa. Information from the labels was used to determine an approximate collection location, 

and these locations were subsequently compared to maps of the appropriate region. One record was 

determined to be in the vicinity of the NATR. However, an exact collection location on the NATR could not 

be substantiated (see section 3.3.7 and Appendix C). Of the remaining BRIT records none were found to 

be along the NATR. 

NO, TROY, and UNA - Several of the records from TROY, UNA, and NO were duplicates of 

collections from other herbaria while others reported new locations. However, none were determined to be 

on the NATR. 

3.3 Field Collections 

3.3.1 Field Schedule and Collecting Effort 

Actual field collection of specimens was conducted over a period of 1.5 years, beginning in August 

of 2004 and ending in October of 2005. Collecting trips were made in the months of March, May, July, 

August, and October. In planning the timing of these trips it was hoped to maximize the number of taxa 

available for collecting by accounting for the seasonality of flowering periods. The length of individual 

collecting trips varied from 4 days in the field in March, to 15 days in the field in May. Over the course of 

five collection trips, totaling 37 days in the field, approximately 500 collection sites were sampled. 

The selection of individual sampling locations was essentially random, and these were determined 

based on observations made while in the field. The number of sites in each state, expressed as a 

percentage of the total sampling sites, roughly coincides with the percentage distribution of the NATR 

mileage within each state. Table 5 provides a detailed analysis of collection trips and sampling effort. 

22

Table 5: Summary of Field Dates and Sampling Effort 

Trip Field 

Number of Days Number of Sites Sampled in Each Trip 

% of Total 

Dates 

Spent in the Field 

State 

Total 

TN AL MS 

1 August 19 - 26, 2004 8 21 6 35 62 12.4 

2 March 11 - 14, 2005 4 12 7 43 62 12.4 

3 May 5 - 19, 2005 15 34 7 134 175 35.0 

4 July 13 - 17, 2005 5 28 4 76 108 21.6 

5 October 16 - 21, 2005 5 7 3 83 93 18.6 

Total sites sampled in each state 102 27 371 500 

Percentage of total sites sampled in each state 20.4 5.4 74.2 

Percentage of NATR in each state1 1 Figures from Table 1 

23.0 7.4 69.6 

Although the actual number of specimens collected on each trip was not analyzed, and regardless 

of individual trip length, the March and July field dates produced lower numbers of collections while the 

May, August, and October trips produced a larger number of collections. Several factors may have 

impacted individual collection success on any given trip, i.e., local temperatures and rainfall. However, with 

the exception of the August field dates, one consistent factor is believed to have contributed significantly to 

differences in collecting success. 

While it is understood that the nature of the NATR is largely a “scenic roadway”, maintenance of 

the roadsides and adjacent prairies often prevented the flora of these sites from developing to the point 

where representative plant specimens were collectable. The regular maintenance (mowing) of the 

roadsides and many open prairie sites for aesthetic or agricultural reasons most likely resulted in lower 

collection success during each trip, and of the inventory overall. Figures 8 and 9 illustrate this point. The 

photograph in figure 8 was taken on the August 2004 trip and shows a diverse mix of vegetation that is well 

developed. The photograph in Figure 9, taken on the July 2005 trip, shows the local vegetation removed to 

the point where no collectable material was present. During the course of the inventory this scene was 

repeated throughout the length of the NATR on both the roadsides, and the prairie sites. In many such 

instances, the only collections made at any given site were done on one trip only. Subsequent trips, 

scheduled to account for different flowering periods, yielded no collection from the same site. 

23

Figure 10: Un-mown Prairie Site - August 2004 Figure 11: Mowed Prairie Site - July 2005 

3.3.2 Taxonomic Distribution of the Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 

Vouchers for the NATR vascular plant collections total 167 families, 750 genera, and 2197 taxa 

(including infra-specific taxa). In Table 6, the number of families in each division is summarized. In the 

checklist that follows, vouchers have been collected for 151 families: 12 fern or fern allies families 

(Pteridophyta), 3 gymnosperm families (Pinophyta), 20 monocot families (Liliopsida), and 116 dicot families 

(Magnoliopsida). An additional 15 families: 3 Pteridophyta, 1 Pinophyta, 3 Liliopsida, and 9 Magnoliopsida 

are represented in the NPS database, NPSpecies. Vouchers have been collected for 1372 taxa in 574 

genera. Records in NPSpecies account for an additional 825 taxa in 176 genera. 

TABLE 6: Summary of Collections by Division 

© Dale A. Kruse, 2007 © Dale A. Kruse, 2007 

Division 

Families 

Genera 

Taxa 

TAES NPSpecies TAES NPSpecies TAES NPSpecies 

Pteridophyta 12 3 24 8 36 26 

Pinophyta 3 1 3 2 6 4 

Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida 20 3 121 33 333 241 

Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida 116 9 426 133 997 552 

The ferns and fern allies (Pteridophyta) account for 2.8% of the total flora, the gymnosperms 

(Pinophyta) account for 0.46% of the total flora, and the monocots (Liliopsida) and dicots (Magnoliopsida) 

account for 26.1% and 70.5% of the flora respectively. The five largest plant families represented are: 

Asteraceae (298 taxa), Poaceae (236 taxa), Cyperaceae (148 taxa), Fabaceae (133 taxa), and Rosaceae 

(73 taxa). These five families comprise 40.4% of the total flora. 

24

A comparison was also made of the study collections (collected on the five collection trips) and the 

list of vouchers that are currently being curated at the NATR Headquarters in Tupelo, MS. The two lists 

were compared for taxa occuring on both lists. Once these overlapping taxa were determined, a count of 

the taxa collected only by the study team was calculated as well as a count of the taxa that are only found 

in the NATR headquarters. The same comparison was also made for the top ten plant families to ascertain 

if, and by how much, the vascular plant collections were increased by the study team. The total number of 

taxa is found in Table 7 with the percentage of the total in parentheses. 

TABLE 7: Comparison of Study Collections to the Natchez Trace Parkway Headquarters Collections 

Family 

TAES Collections 

25 

Natchez Trace Headquarters 

Collections 

Both Study and Natchez Trace 

Headquarters Collections 

All Families 445 (31.25) 490 (34.41) 489 (34.33) 

Asteraceae 49 (22) 103 (46.4) 70 (31.5) 

Poaceae 89 (60.5) 11 (7.5) 47 (32.0) 

Cyperaceae 56 (77.8) 6 (8.3) 10 (13.9) 

Fabaceae 19 (19.2) 40 (40.4) 40 (40.4) 

Rosaceae 10 (21.3) 26 (55.3) 11 (23.4) 

Lamiaceae 7 (17.5) 24 (60) 9 (22.5) 

Brassicaceae 4 (22.2) 8 (44.4) 6 (33.3) 

Scrophulariaceae 9 (21.4) 22 (52.4) 11 (26.2) 

Ranunculaceae 9 (21.1) 14 (43.8) 9 (21.1) 

Liliaceae 6 (21.4) 14 (50) 8 (28.6) 

There were significant increases in the number taxa in specific monocots families, Poaceae 

(grasses) and Cyperaceae (sedges) in particular, added to the collections already present. Overall, the 

NATR taxa vouchers were increased by 33.0% as many of the plants collected by the study team 

compared to those collected by NATR staff. 

3.3.3 Nativity of Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 

Three nativity classes are present along the NATR. Plants considered native, introduced, and 

plants considered both native and introduced. Each of these three categories is summarized by division in 

Table 7. Vouchers have been collected for 1154 native taxa, 212 introduced taxa, and 8 taxa are 

considered both native and introduced. Records in NPSpecies account for an additional 642 native taxa, 

173 introduced taxa, and 6 taxa considered both native and introduced (provided in parentheses in Table 

8). Information on nativity was assigned based on the USDA PLANTS database (version 3.5) (USDA 

2004).

TABLE 8: Summary of Nativity by Division 

Division Native Introduced Native/Introduced 

Pteridophyta 34 (24) 2 (2) 0 (0) 

Pinophyta 6 (3) 0 (1) 0 (0) 

Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida 269 (206) 62 (32) 4 (1) 

Magnoliophyta: 

Magnoliopsida 

845 (409) 148 (138) 4 (5) 

TOTAL 1154 (642) 212 (173) 8 (6) 

3.3.4 Longevity of Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 

Seven categories of longevity were found to be present along the NATR, which have been 

summarized by division in Table 9. Vouchers have been collected for 226 annual (A) taxa, 17 biennial (B) 

taxa, 1031 perennial (P) taxa, 22 taxa that are either annual or biennial (A/B), 11 taxa that are either 

biennial or perennial (B/P), 51 taxa that are either annual or perennial (A/P), and 17 taxa that are either 

annual, biennial, or perennial (A/B/P). Records available in NPSpecies account for an additional 185 

annuals, 6 biennials, 563 perennials, 19 annual/biennials, 12 biennial/perennials, and 11 

annual/biennial/perennials (provided in parentheses in Table 9). Information on longevity was assigned 

using the PLANTS database (version 3.5) (USDA 2004). 

TABLE 9: Summary of Longevity by Division 

Division A B P A/B B/P A/P A/B/P 

Pteridophyta 0 (1) 0 (0) 37 (24) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 

Pinophyta 0 (0) 0 (0) 6 (4) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 

Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida 52 (40) 0 (0) 270 (190) 0 (0) 0 (0) 12 (9) 1 (0) 

Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida 174 (144) 17 (6) 718 (345) 22 (19) 11 (12) 39 (15) 16 (11) 

3.3.5 Growth Habit of Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 

Growth habit was summarized for the voucher collections. Each taxon was categorized as either a 

trees or shrub, forb (non-graminoid herbaceous), graminoid (grass and grasslike), or vine (both woody and 

herbaceous). Each of the growth habits is summarized in Table 10, with the percentage of the total for 

each class in parentheses. Forbs represent 64.0% of the flora and the graminoids another 18.8%. The 

remaining categories, trees and shrubs, and vines, represent 13.2% and 4.0% respectively. 

TABLE 10: Summary of Growth Habit by Division 

Division Tree/Shrub Forb Graminoid Vines 

Pteridophyta 0 62 0 0 

Pinophyta 10 0 0 0 

Magnoliophyta: Liliopsida 1 158 413 2 

Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida 278 1185 0 86 

Total all specimens 289 (13.2) 1405 (64.0) 413 (18.8) 88 (4.0) 

26

3.3.6 Endemism of the Natchez Trace Parkway Flora 

Endemic taxa are generally referred to as species with a limited spatial distribution at some 

designated geographic level; i.e., county, state, region, etc. To investigate the level of endemism present in 

the flora of the NATR, a search for endemic taxa was conducted using the USDA PLANTS database. A 

filtered search of the database was conducted with the results limited to include only, 1) US and North 

American plant records, 2) only vascular plants, and 3) taxa at the species level and below. The resulting 

list was then further reduced to include only those taxa found in only one of the three states the NATR 

traverses. Additional taxa were subsequently added to the list utilizing the Tennessee Natural Heritage 

Program’s - 2004 Rare Plant List, and the Alabama Natural Heritage Program’s – 2006 Alabama Inventory 

List: The Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants and Animals of Alabama. The results of this combined 

search are listed in Appendix B. This final list was then compared to the NATR Checklist compiled in this 

report. Three (3) taxa from the list were determined to be endemic to one of the states through which the 

NATR traverses. 

● Tennessee purple coneflower, Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small, is endemic to 

Tennessee . A search of the University of Tennessee Herbarium (TENN) database and the USDA Plants 

database confirms a known distribution of the species in Davidson, Rutherford, and Wilson Counties in 

central Tennessee. Although not on the NATR, herbarium records from BRIT and VDB, also list several 

additional collection locations in Davidson County. 

● Lyreleaf bladderpod, Lesquerella lyrata Rollins, is endemic to Alabama. The USDA Plants 

database lists a known distribution of the species in Colbert and Franklin Counties in extreme northwestern 

Alabama. Herbarium records provided by BRIT and VDB also list several additional collection locations in 

Colbert County. 

● Alabama larkspur, Delphinium alabamicum Kral, is also endemic to Alabama. The USDA Plants 

database lists a known distribution of the species in Alabama (Colbert, Franklin, and Lawerence Counties) 

and Georgia. However, the Flora of North America FNAEC 1997, suggests the population in Georgia may 

have been transplanted and the populations in central Alabama have not been seen since 1950 and are 

likely extirpated. 

27

3.3.7 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plant Taxa of the Natchez Trace Parkway 

This section provides a brief discussion of the results from the survey. A detailed discussion is 

provided in Appendix C and is intended to be the “non-public” portion of the present report. The literature 

search, herbarium records, and field surveys identified 31 taxa within the NATR as being rare, threatened, 

or endangered. Table 11 summarizes documented vouchers, records, or observations of such species 

within the boundaries of the NATR. None of these taxa were documented by the the present study. 

However, previous studies were able to document extant populations of some taxa in addition to historical 

records within the NATR. 

Rosso and Reed (1996), focused on the following terrestrial plant taxa; Trillium foetidissimum T. D. 

Freeman, Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd., Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook., Schisandra glabra (Brickel) 

Rehder., and Pachysandra procumbens Michx. The results of their study documented extant populations of 

only one taxon, M. cordifolia, within the proposed Southern Terminus of the NATR. Additional populations 

of M. cordifolia were located in adjacent completed sections of the NATR and led the authors to suggest 

any existing populations impacted by construction would likely recover. Although none the remaining taxa 

were located, it was noted that suitable habitat was present in the proposed construction area and it was 

further suggested that surveys be conducted at the appropriate time of year when the relevant taxa could 

be readily found and identified. 

The Tennessee Chapter of the Nature Conservancy conducted a basic-level biological field survey 

in 1995 on a section of the NATR which included an emphasis on rare, threatened, and endangered plant 

and animal taxa. The survey identified 22 records which represented 16 listed plant taxa. Field surveys by 

the TNC verified 7 of these records representing 5 taxa and an additional 11 new occurrences were found 

representing 6 taxa. 

Although herbarium records from BRIT and VDB were unable to provide verifiable locations within 

the NATR, one additional record of Xyris tennesseensis Kral, was found to be very near the NATR. This 

record represents an additional location for the taxon outside the NATR but in close proximity to previously 

documented site within the NATR’s boundaries. 

Field observations made by the present survey recorded two possible locations in Tennessee 

where Apios priceana B.L. Robbins populations may exist. 

28

Table 11: Records of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plant Taxa on the Natchez Trace Parkway 

Taxon State Reference 

Amelanchier arborea Alabama TNC 1995 

Arabis georgiana Alabama TNC 1995 

Arenaria fontinalis Tennessee TNC 1995 

Asarum canadense Mississippi TNC 1995 

Aster ericoides Mississippi TNC 1995 

Cacalia suaveolens Tennessee TNC 1995 

Carex virescens Mississippi TNC 1995 

Coreopsis auriculata Mississippi TNC 1995 

Dennstaedtia punctilobula Alabama TNC 1995 

Drosera brevifolia Tennessee TNC 1995 

Gentiana saponaria Alabama TNC 1995 

Hydrastis canadensis Tennessee TNC 1995 

Isopyrum biternatum Alabama TNC 1995 

Juglans cinerea Mississippi TNC 1995 

Juncus brachycephalus Tennessee TNC 1995 

Lilium michiganense Tennessee TNC 1995 

Lonicera flava Tennessee TNC 1995 

Marshallia trinervia Tennessee TNC 1995 

Menispermum canadense Mississippi TNC 1995 

Mikania cordifolia Mississippi Reed and Rosso 1996 

Osmorhiza longistylis Mississippi TNC 1995 

Pachysandra procumbens Alabama TNC 1995 

Panax quinquefolius Mississippi TNC 1995 

Parnassia grandifolia Tennessee TNC 1995 

Spiranthes lucida Tennessee TNC 1995 

Spiranthes ovalis Tennessee TNC 1995 

Swertia caroliniensis Mississippi TNC 1995 

Trichomanes boschianum Mississippi TNC 1995 

Trillium sessile Alabama TNC 1995 

Uvularia grandiflora Alabama TNC 1995 

Xyris tennesseensis Tennessee TNC 1995 

3.3.8 Weedy and Invasive Taxa of the Natchez Trace Parkway 

Precise definitions of “weedy” or “invasive” taxa vary considerably. The precise definition used is 

often dependent on the ultimate goal of the user defined term. “The ecological perspective considers any 

plant a weed if it is a pioneer species that thrives in a degraded habitat with a history of disturbance through 

human agency” (Hilty 2006). According to www.invasive.org, invasive taxa are “any species, including its 

seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that is not native to 

that ecosystem; and whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm 

to human health” (Invasive Taxa 2006). Weedy taxa differ from invasive taxa in that they “are not 

considered a significant threat to the natural environment because they tend to disappear after artificial 

disturbances have been removed,” (Hilty 2006), while invasive taxa are much more difficult to remove once 

they have been established. 

29

The taxa included on the checklist in section 4.0 below were compared with the Interactive 

Encyclopedia of North American Weeds (SWSS 2005) for “weedy” taxa and the national invasive taxa list 

at www.invasive.org (Invasive Species 2006), for invasive taxa. The checklist was also compared to the 

Federal Noxious Weed List (June 30, 2006), in addition to a search of the USDA PLANTS Database for 

noxious weeds in each of the states along the NATR route. Of the identified taxa on the NATR checklist, 

12.75% of the taxa present are considered weedy, while 8% of the identified taxa are considered invasive. 

None of the taxa on the list were found on the federal noxious weed list, or any of the state lists, as per the 

USDA database. 

3.3.9 Verification of Vouchers at NATR Headquarters 

The identification of vascular plants represented by vouchers at the NATR headquarters were not 

independently verified by the research team and are therefore assumed to be accurate. As such, all 

inferences based on these specimens are contingent upon the identifications provided. However, based on 

the identifications provided by the NATR staff, and in consultation with current distributional data, ten (10) 

of the taxa listed would not be expected to occur in the area of the NATR or the states where the 

specimens were collected. Therefore, a loan of the specimens representing these 10 taxa was requested 

of NATR staff. A total of 11 specimens were borrowed, and examined, to determine if the vouchers were in 

fact correctly identified. The list in Table 12 provides the results of these verifications and the status of the 

vouchers. 

Identifications of the questioned NATR vouchers in Table 12 were completed by TAES staff. Of 

the ten taxa examined, seven were determined to be correct. However, although correctly identified, the 

voucher for Aesculus hippocastanum L. was not collected within current NATR boundaries. Based on label 

data the specimen was collected on the grounds of the Lee County Courthouse in Tupelo Mississippi and 

does not represent a voucher for the NATR flora. The remaining six taxa may represent new additions to 

the flora of their respective states. The final status as new records is currently being investigated by TAES 

staff. 

The two specimens of Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., were very immature and a correct 

identification of these specimens could not be verified. The specimens of Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth 

and Oenothera oakesiana (Gray) J.W. Robbins ex S. Wats. & Coult., were determined to be incorrect. The 

specimen of P. lonchitis was corrected as Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott., and the O. 

oakesiana was determined to be Oenothera laciniata Hill. 

30

TABLE 12: Verifcation of Voucher Specimens at NATR Headquarters 

Family Scientific Name Status of Identification Status as Voucher 

Asteraceae Cirsium scariosum Nutt. The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR 

flora 

Asteraceae 

Dryopteridaceae 

Dryopteridaceae 

Fabaceae 

Fabaceae 

Hippocastanaceae 

Iridaceae 

Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx. 

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. 

The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR 


Inconclusive Inconclusive 

Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth The stated identification is incorrect. 

The correct identification is Polystichum 

acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. 

31 

Duplicate NATR 

voucher – 

identification 

corrected 

Senna tora (L.) Roxb. The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR 


Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex Eat. 

The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR 


Aesculus hippocastanum L. The stated identification is correct. 

However, examination of the label data 

indicates the specimen was collected on 

the grounds of the Lee County 

Courthouse, in Tupelo, MS. 

Non-voucher for 

NATR flora 

Iris versicolor L. The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR 


Onagraceae Oenothera oakesiana (Gray) J.W. 

Robbins ex S. Wats. & Coult. 

Saxifragaceae 

The stated identification is incorrect. 

The correct identification is Oenothera 

laciniata Hill 

Duplicate NATR 

voucher – 

identification 

corrected 

Parnassia caroliniana Michx. The stated identification is correct. Voucher for NATR 

flora

4.0 THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY 

The following table enumerates the extant vascular plant taxa found within the boundaries of the NATR. 

The names on the list represent taxa considered present or probably present (in accordance with current NPS 

definitions) and are based on documented voucher specimens. Voucher specimens for these taxa are curated at 

the Natchez Trace Parkway Headquarters in Tupelo, Mississippi, or at the S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES), Texas A 

& M University, College Station, Texas. Identifications linked to vouchers at NATR Headquarters were provided by 

NATR staff. Therefore, with the exception of the vouchers in sub-section 3.3.10 above, all NATR voucher 

identifications have not been independently verified by the authors and are assumed to be accurate. Identifications 

of vouchers at TAES were verified by the authors in the course of this inventory. 

Organization of Checklist 

Vouchers on the checklist were identified at the lowest taxonomic level possible. Therefore, some extant 

vouchers identified at higher taxonomic levels may not be included on the list. The taxa and common name(s), if 

any, are listed alphabetically by division and family. Within families, taxa are listed alphabetically by genus, specific 

epithet, and subspecific epithets, with authorities given for all taxa. Taxa listed without superscripts are taxa 

collected by TAES in the course of this inventory. Taxa designated with a 1 are vouchers collected by the NATR 

staff and are housed at NATR Headquarters in Tupelo, MS. Taxa designated with a 2 are recorded as being 

present in NPSpecies, the NPS online database (NPSpecies 2006). An alphabetical listing, by genus, of the 

following checklist is provided in Appendix D. 

Explanation of Columns 

In the checklist that follows, individual taxon data is arranged in columns, and where applicable, the 

following abbreviations are utilized. 

Taxon Scientific names generally follow the United States Department of Agriculture PLANTS 

Database 

Common Name(s) Names taken from various sources and represent currently accepted common names 

Codes N = native I = introduced W = weedy IN = invasive 

A = annual P = perennial B = biennial 

T = threatened (Federal) (State) E = endangered (Federal) (State) 

R = rare (State) END = Endemic 

Voucher Collector and collector number for vouchers collected as part of this survey only. 

Hatch = Stephan L. Hatch Kruse = Dale A. Kruse Phillips = Nena M. Phillips 

State The state in which the voucher was collected. 

AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee 

32

The Vascular Flora of the Natchez Trace Parkway 

N = native I = introduced A = annual P = perennial B = biennial T = threatened (state) E = endangered (state) END = Endemic (state) W = weedy IN = invasive SLH = Stephan L. Hatch DAK = Dale A. Kruse NMP = Nena M. Phillips AL = Alabama MS = Mississippi TN = Tennessee 

Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher State 

LYCOPODIOPHYTA (Fern Allies) 

ISOETACEAE 

Isoetes butleri Engelm. 2 limestone quillwort N, P 

LYCOPODIACEAE 

Huperzia porophila (Lloyd & Underwood) Holub2 rock clubmoss N, P 

Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun2 fan clubmoss N, P 

Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh2 deeproot clubmoss N, P 

SELAGINELLACEAE 

Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring meadow spikemoss N, P Hatch 8753 MS 

EQUISETOPHYTA (Horsetails, Scouring Rushes) 

EQUISETACEAE 

Equisetum arvense L. 2 field horsetail N, P, W, IN 

Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat. scouringrush horsetail N, P, W Kruse 1045 MS 

- 33 -




POLYPODIOPHYTA (Ferns) 

ASPLENIACEAE 

Asplenium montanum Willd. 2 mountain spleenwort N, P 

Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. 2 lobed spleenwort N, P 

Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. ebony spleenwort N, P Kruse 973 AL 

Asplenium resiliens Kunze blackstem spleenwort N, P Kruse 1156 AL 

Asplenium rhizophyllum L. walking fern N, P Kruse 1477 TN 

Asplenium ruta-muraria L. 2 wallrue N, P 

Asplenium trichomanes L. 2 maidenhair spleenwort N, P 

AZOLLACEAE 

Azolla caroliniana Willd. 2 Carolina mosquitofern N, A 

BLECHNACEAE 

Woodwardia areolata (L.) T. Moore netted chainfern N, P Kruse 1018 MS 

Woodwardia virginica (L.) Smith Virginia chainfern N, P Kruse 929 TN 

DENNISTAEDTIACEAE 

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) A. Heller western brackenfern N, P, W Kruse 927 TN 

DRYOPTERIDACEAE 

Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens subsp. asplenioides (Michx.) Hultén asplenium ladyfern N, P Kruse 1492 TN 

- 34 -




Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. 2 

Asian netvein hollyfern 

I, P 

Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. 2 bulblet bladderfern N, P 

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. 1 brittle bladderfern N, P unconfirmed 

Cystopteris protrusa (Weatherby) Blasdell lowland bladderfern N, P Kruse 1480 TN 

Cystopteris tennesseensis Shave2 Tennessee bladderfern N, P 

Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) M. Kato1 silver false spleenwort N, P 

Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Brown glade fern N, P Kruse 1566 TN 

Dryopteris celsa (Wm. Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Pollard ex Small2 log fern N, P 

Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray2 marginal woodfern N, P 

Onoclea sensibilis L. sensitive fern N, P Kruse 1004 MS 

Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott Christmas fern N, P Kruse 908 TN 

Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. 1 bluntlobe cliff fern N, P 

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 

Trichomanes boschianum Sturm Applachian bristlefern N, P, T (TN) Kruse 1367 MS 

LYGODIACEAE 

Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw. Japanese climbing fern I, P, W, IN Kruse 1044 MS 

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 

Botrychium biternatum (Sav.) L. Underwood var. asplenoides (Michx.) Farwell sparselobe grapefern N, P Kruse 936 TN 

Botrychium dissectum Spreng. 2 cutleaf grapefern N, P 

Botyrichum virginianum (L.) Sw. rattlesnake fern N, P Kruse 1383 MS 

- 35 -




Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl2 limestone adderstongue 

N, P 

Ophioglossum vulgatum L. southern adderstongue N, P Hatch 9368 MS 

OSMUNDACEAE 

Osmunda cinnamomea L. cinnamon fern N, P Kruse 1558 MS 

Osmunda claytoniana L. 2 interrupted fern N, P 

Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray2 royal fern N, P 

POLYPODIACEAE 

Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham subsp.michauxiana 

(Weatherby) Andrews & Windham 

resurrection fern N, P Kruse 1040 MS 

Polypodium virginianum L. 2 rock polypody N, P 

PTERIDACEAE 

Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 2 common maidenhair N, P 

Adiantum pedatum L. northern maidenhair N, P Kruse 910 TN 

Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze2 Alabama lipfern N, P 

Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eat. 1 hairy lipfern N, P 

Cheilanthes tomentosa Link2 woolly lipfern N, P 

Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link purple cliffbrake N, P Kruse1157 AL 

Pteris multifida Poir. spider brake I, P Hatch 8733 MS 

THELYPTERIDACEAE 

- 36 -




Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching2 swordfern 

I, P 

Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée broad beechfern N, P Kruse 1490 TN 

Thelypteris hispidula (Dcne.) C.F. Reed var. versicolor (R. St. John) Lellinger rough hairy maidenfern N, P Hatch 9814 MS 

Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton Kunth's maidenfern N, P Kruse 1037 MS 

Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. New York fern N, P Kruse 1500 TN 

Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern. 2 eastern marsh fern N, P 

PINOPHYTA (Gymnosperms) 

CUPRESSACEAE 

Juniperus virginiana L. eastern red cedar N, P Phillips 308 TN 

GINKGOACEAE 

Ginkgo biloba L. 2 maidenhair tree I, P 

PINACEAE 

Pinus echinata P. Mill. shortleaf pine N, P Hatch 9344 MS 

Pinus elliottii Engelm. 2 slash pine N, P 

Pinus glabra Walt. 1 spruce pine N, P 

Pinus palustris P. Mill. 2 longleaf pine N, P 

Pinus taeda L. loblolly pine N, P Phillips 765 AL 

Pinus virginiana P. Mill. Virginia pine N, P Phillips 761 TN 

Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 2 eastern hemlock N, P 

- 37 -




TAXODIACEAE 

Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich. bald cypress N, P Phillips 1013 MS 

MAGNOLIOPHYTA (Liliopsida - Monocots) 

ACORACEAE 

Acorus calamus L. 2 calamus N, P 

AGAVACEAE 

Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose false aloe N, P Phillips 1209 MS 

Yucca aloifolia L. aloe yucca N, P Hatch 9373 MS 

Yucca filamentosa L. 2 Adam's needle N, P 

Yucca gloriosa L. moundlily yucca N, P Hatch 9238 MS 

ALISMATACEAE 

Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. creeping burhead N, P, W Hatch 9747 MS 

Sagittaria australis (J.G. Sm.) Small 2 longbeak arrowhead N, P 

Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush shortbeak arrowhead N, P Hatch 9951 MS 

Sagittaria calycina Engelm. 2 hooded arrowhead N, P 

Sagittaria engelmanniana J.G. Sm. 2 Engelmann's arrowhead N, P 

Sagittaria latifolia L. broadleaf arrowhead N, P, W Phillips 514 TN 

Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlecht. giant arrowhead I, P, W Phillips 543b AL 

- 38 -




ARACEAE 

Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott. green dragon N, P Phillips 737 MS 

Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott. subsp. pusillum (Peck) Huttleston2 Jack-in-the-pulpit N, P 

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. wild taro I, P, W, IN Phillips 705 MS 

Orontium aquaticum L. 1 goldenclub N, P 

ARECACEAE 

Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers. dwarf palmetto N, P photograph 

BROMELIACEAE 

Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish moss N, P Phillips 720 MS 

COMMELINACEAE 

Commelina communis L. common dayflower I, A, W, IN Phillips 677 MS 

Commelina diffusa Burm.f. 1 climbing dayflower N, A/P, W 

Commelina erecta L. var. erecta whitemouth dayflower N, P Phillips 523 AL 

Commelina virginica L. Virginia dayflower N, P Phillips 696 MS 

Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz. 2 wartremover herb I, P, W, IN 

Tradescantia hirsuticaulis Small hairystem spiderwort N, P Phillips 297 TN 

Tradescantia hirsutiflora Bush1 hairyflower spiderwort N, P 

Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. bluejacket N, P Hatch 9297 MS 

Tradescantia subaspera Ker-Gawl. 2 zigzag spiderwort N, P 

Tradescantia virginiana L. Virginia spiderwort N, P Hatch 9256 MS 

- 39 -




CYPERACEAE 

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke 2 densetuft hairsedge N, A/P 

Carex abscondita Mackenzie 2 thicket sedge N, P 

Carex aestivalis M.A. Curtis ex Gray 2 summer sedge N, P 

Carex aggregata Mackenzie 2 glomerate sedge N, P 

Carex albursina Sheldon white bear sedge N, P Kruse 1308 TN 

Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans 2 whitetinge sedge N, P 

Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torr.) J. Rettig 2 Emmons' sedge N, P 

Carex albolutescens Schwein. 2 greenwhite sedge N, P 

Carex amphibola Steud. eastern narrowleaf sedge N, P Kruse 1294 TN 

Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. 1 yellowfruit sedge N, P 

Carex atlantica Bailey subsp. atlantica prickly bog sedge N, P Kruse 1394 MS 

Carex atlantica Bailey subsp. capillacea (Bailey) Reznicek. prickly bog sedge N, P Kruse 1349 TN 

Carex aureolensis Steud. N, P Kruse 914 TN 

Carex baileyi Britt. 2 Bailey's sedge N, P 

Carex basiantha Steud. Willdenow's sedge N, P Hatch 9641 MS 

Carex blanda Dewey 2 eastern woodland sedge N, P, W 

Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. subsp. bromoides bromelike sedge N, P Kruse 1320 TN 

Carex bushii Mackenzie 2 Bush's sedge N, P 

Carex careyana Torr. ex Dewey 2 Carey's sedge N, P 

Carex caroliniana Schwein. 2 Carolina sedge N, P 

Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. oval leaf sedge N, P Hatch 9075 MS 

Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Cherokee sedge N, P, W Hatch 9272 MS 

- 40 -




Carex communis Bailey2 fibrousroot sedge 

N, P 

Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. hirsute sedge N, P Hatch 9444 MS 

Carex conjuncta Boott 2 soft fox sedge N, P 

Carex crawei Dewey 2 Crawe's sedge N, P 

Carex crebriflora Wieg. 2 coastal plain sedge N, P 

Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis Fern. fringed sedge N, P Kruse 945 TN 

Carex cristatella Britt. 2 crested sedge N, P 

Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze ravenfoot sedge N, P Kruse 1380 MS 

Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. 2 Davis' sedge N, P 

Carex debilis Michx. white-edge sedge N, P Kruse 1341 TN 

Carex digitalis Willd. slender woodland sedge N, P Kruse 1338 TN 

Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. fescue sedge N, P Phillips 1118 MS 

Carex fissa Mackenzie var. aristata J.F. Herm. hammock sedge N, P Hatch 9391 MS 

Carex flaccosperma Dewey 1 thinfruit sedge N, P 

Carex frankii Kunth Frank's sedge N, P Phillips 303 TN 

Carex gracillima Schwein. 2 graceful sedge N, P 

Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. limestone meadow sedge N, P Kruse 1326 TN 

Carex grayi Carey 2 Gray's sedge N, P 

Carex grisea Wahlenb. 2 inflated narrow-leaf sedge N, P 

Carex hirsutella Mackenzie 1 fuzzy wuzzy sedge N, P 

Carex hirtifolia Mackenzie 2 pubescent sedge N, P 

Carex hyalinolepis Steud. shoreline sedge N, P Hatch 9403 MS 

Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. 2 bottlebrush sedge N, P 

- 41 -




Carex intumescens Rudge 2 

greater bladder sedge 

N, P 

Carex jamesii Schwein. 2 James' sedge N, P 

Carex joorii Bailey cypress swamp sedge N, P Kruse 1029 MS 

Carex laevivaginata (Kükenth.) Mackenzie 2 sedge N, P 

Carex laxiculmis Schwein. 2 spreading sedge N, P 

Carex laxiflora Lam. broad looseflower sedge N, P Kruse 1300 TN 

Carex leavenworthii Dewey 2 Leavenworth's sedge N, P 

Carex leptalea Wahlenb. bristlystalked sedge N, P Kruse 1340a TN 

Carex longii Mackenzie Long's sedge N, P Hatch 9080 MS 

Carex louisianica Bailey Louisiana sedge N, P Kruse 1021 MS 

Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. hop sedge N, P Kruse 946 TN 

Carex lurida Wahlenb. shallow sedge N, P Kruse 1494 TN 

Carex mesochorea Mackenzie 2 midland sedge N, P 

Carex molesta Mackenzie ex Bright 2 troublesome sedge N, P 

Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. enervis Boott 2 Muhlenberg's sedge N, P 

Carex nigromarginata Schwein. 2 blackedge sedge N, P 

Carex normalis Mackenzie 2 greater straw sedge N, P 

Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 richwoods sedge N, P 

Carex oxylepisTorr. & Hook. var. pubescens J.K. Underwood 2 sharpscale sedge N, P 

Carex pensylvanica Lam. 2 Pennsylvania sedge N, P 

Carex picta Steud. 2 Boott's sedge N, P 

Carex plantaginea Lam. 2 plantainleaf sedge N, P 

Carex prasina Wahlenb. 2 drooping sedge N, P 

- 42 -




Carex purpurifera Mackenzie 2 

purple sedge 

N, P 

Carex reniformis (Bailey) Small 2 kidneyshape sedge N, P 

Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. rosy sedge N, P Kruse 1319 TN 

Carex squarrosa L. 2 squarrose sedge N, P 

Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. 2 owlfruit sedge N, P 

Carex striatula Michx. 2 lined sedge N, P 

Carex stricta Lam. 2 upright sedge N, P 

Carex styloflexa Buckl. bent sedge N, P Kruse 1342 TN 

Carex swanii (Fern.) Mackenzie 2 Swan's sedge N, P 

Carex tenera Dewey 2 quill sedge N, P 

Carex texensis (Torr.) Bailey Texas sedge N, P Kruse 1331 TN 

Carex torta Boott ex Tuckerman twisted sedge N, P Kruse 1321 TN 

Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. var. sangamonensis Clokey bluntbroomsedge N, P Kruse 1498 TN 

Carex typhina Michx. cattail sedge N, P Kruse 1556 MS 

Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 parasol sedge N, P 

Carex venusta Dewey 2 darkgreen sedge N, P 

Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd. 2 ribbed sedge N, P, R( 

Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 2 fox sedge N, P 

Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 Willdenow's sedge N, P 

Cyperus bipartitus Torr. 2 slender flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus diandrus Torr. 2 umbrella flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood globe flatsedge N, P Phillips 995 MS 

Cyperus elegans L. royal flatsedge N, P Hatch 9762 MS 

- 43 -




Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. 2 

redroot flatsedge 

N, A/P, W 

Cyperus esculentus L. chufa flatsedge N/I, P, W, IN Hatch 10013 MS 

Cyperus flavescens L. 2 yellow flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus flavicomus Michx. 2 whiteedge flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus iria L. ricefield flatsedge N, A, W, IN Phillips 997 MS 

Cyperus lancastriensis Porter ex Gray 2 manyflower flatsedge N, P 

Cyperus odoratus L. 2 fragrant flatsedge N, A/P, W 

Cyperus ovatus Baldwin ovateleaf flatsedge N, P 

Cyperus plukenetii Fern. 2 Plukenet's sedge, N, P 

Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fern. 2 Texan flatsedge N, A/P 

Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. marsh flatsedge N, P Kruse 942 TN 

Cyperus refractus Engelm. ex Boeckl. 2 reflexed flatsedge N, P 

Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. 1 rough flatsedge N, P 

Cyperus retrorsus Chapman pine barren flatsedge N, P Hatch 9913 MS 

Cyperus rotundus L. nutgrass I, P, W, IN Hatch 10071 MS 

Cyperus squarrosus L. 2 bearded flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus strigosus L. strawcolored flatsedge N, P, W Kruse 917 TN 

Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. 2 threeway sedge N, P 

Eleocharis compressa Sullivant 2 flatstem spikerush N, P 

Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. 2 Engelmann's spikerush N, A 

Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. 2 bald spikerush N, P 

Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes blunt spikerush N, A/P Kruse 1031 MS 

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes 2 common spikerush N, P 

- 44 -




Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) J.A. Schultes var. verrucosa (Svens.) Svens. 2 

slender spikerush 

N, P 

Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes 2 annual fimbry N, A, W 

Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes slender fimbry N, A Hatch 9942b MS 

Fimbristylis decipiens Kral southern fimbry N, A Kruse 1027 MS 

Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl grasslike fimbry N, A, W Kruse 939 TN 

Fuirena squarrosa Michx. hairy umbrella-sedge N, P Hatch 9651 MS 

Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. keeled bulrush N, A Kruse 1391 MS 

Kyllinga gracillima Miquel. pasture spikesedge N, P, W, IN Kruse 1039 MS 

Kyllinga odorata Vahl fragrant spikesedge N, A/B/P Kruse 1522 MS 

Kyllinga pumila Michx. low spikesedge N, A/P Kruse 1038 MS 

Rhynchospora caduca Ell. anglestem beaksedge N, P Kruse 1024 MS 

Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl 2 brownish beaksedge N, P 

Rhynchospora compressa Carey ex Chapman flatfruit beaksedge N, A/P Hatch 9665 MS 

Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) Gray shortbristle horned beaksedge N, P, W Phillips 992 MS 

Rhynchospora globularis (Chapman) Small var. globularis globe beaksedge N, P Kruse 1491 TN 

Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl clustered beaksedge N, P Kruse 979 MS 

Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Ell. fewflower beaksedge N, P Hatch 9650 MS 

Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral 1 globe beaksedge N, P 

Scirpus atrovirens Willd. green bulrush N, P Hatch 9554 MS 

Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth bulrush N, P Kruse 916 TN 

Scirpus georgianus Harper Georgia bulrush N, P Hatch 9352 MS 

Scirpus lineatus Michx. drooping bulrush N, P Hatch 9463 MS 

Scirpus pendulus Muhl. 2 rufous bulrush N, P 

- 45 -




Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl 

leafy bulrush 

N, P 

Kruse 931 TN 

Scleria ciliata Michx. fringed nutrush N, P Hatch 9378 MS 

Scleria oligantha Michx. littlehead nutrush N, P Hatch 9303 MS 

Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. pauciflora fewflower nutrush N, P Hatch 9382 MS 

Scleria triglomerata Michx. 2 whip nutrush N, P 

DIOSCOREACEAE 

Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Chinese yam I, P, W, IN Hatch 9478 MS 

Dioscorea quaternata J.F. Gmel. 1 fourleaf yam N, P 

Dioscorea villosa L. wild yam N, P Phillips 867 TN 

HYDROCHARITACEAE 

Egeria densa Planch. 2 Brazilian waterweed I, P, W, IN 

Elodea canadensis Michx. 2 Canadian waterweed N, P 

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John 2 western waterweed N, P 

Vallisneria americana Michx. American eelgrass N, P Kruse 1355 AL 

IRIDACEAE 

Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. 1 blackberry lily I, P 

Iris cristata Ait. 1 dwarf crested iris N, P 

Iris germanica L. 2 German iris I, P 

Iris pseudacorus L. 2 paleyellow iris I, P 

Iris versicolor L. 1 harlequin blueflag N, P 

- 46 -




Iris virginica L. 2 

Virginia iris 

N, P 

Sisyrinchium albidum Raf. white blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 730 MS 

Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill. narrowleaf blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 1094 MS 

Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bickn. eastern blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 826 TN 

Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. prairire blue-eyedgrass N, P Hatch 9093 MS 

Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. needletip blue-eyedgrass N, P Hatch 9359 MS 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus acuminatus Michx. tapertip rush N, P Kruse 915 TN 

Juncus anthelatus (Weig.) R.E. Brooks greater poverty rush N, P Kruse 1375 MS 

Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. whiteroot rush N, P Kruse 1395 MS 

Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. 2 smallhead rush N, P, R (TN) 

Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe 2 Canadian rush N, P 

Juncus coriaceus Mackenzie leathery rush N, P Kruse 930 TN 

Juncus debilis Gray weak rush N, A/P Hatch 9655 MS 

Juncus dichotomus Ell. forked rush N, P Kruse 1400 MS 

Juncus diffusissimus Buckl. slimpod rush N, P Kruse 996 MS 

Juncus dudleyi Wieg. 2 Dudley's rush N, P 

Juncus effusus L. var. solutus Fern. & Wieg. common rush N, P Kruse 943 TN 

Juncus elliottii Chapman 2 Elliott's rush N, P 

Juncus filipendulus Buckl. 2 ringseed rush N, P 

Juncus interior Wieg. 2 inland rush N, P 

- 47 -




grassleaf rush N, P ruse 913 TN 

Juncus marginatus Rostk. 

Juncus repens Michx. lesser creeping rush N, P Kruse 1017 MS 

Juncus scirpoides Lam. needlepod rush N, P Kruse 941 TN 

Juncus secundus Beauv. ex Poir. 2 lopsided rush N, P 

Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & Blake 2 woodland rush N, P 

Juncus tenuis Willd. slender rush N, P Phillips 991 MS 

Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey's rush N, P Kruse 1528 MS 

Juncus validus Coville var. validus roundhead rush N, P Kruse 976 MS 

Luzula acuminata Raf. 2 hairy woodrush N, P 

Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Smyth & Smyth bulbous woodrush N, P Kruse 1372 MS 

Luzula echinata (Small) J.F. Herm. hedgehog woodrush N, P Kruse 1330 TN 

Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. 2 common woodrush N, P 

LILIACEAE 

Aletris farinosa L. 1 white colicroot N, P 

Allium ampeloprasum L. 1 broadleaf wild leek I, P 

Allium canadense L. wild onion N, P, W, IN Phillips 915 TN 

Allium cernuum Roth 2 nodding onion N, P 

Allium sativum L. cultivated garlic I, P Hatch 9214 MS 

Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker-Gawl. 2 autumn onion N, P 

Allium tricoccum Ait. 2 wild leek N, P 

Allium vineale L. 2 wild garlic N, P 

Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walt.) Gray 2 flypoison N, P 

- 48 -




Asparagus officinalis L. 2 

garden asparagus 

I, P 

Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory 1 Atlantic camas N, P 

Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray fairywand N, P Hatch 9350 MS 

Erythronium albidum Nutt. 2 white fawnlily N, P 

Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl. 1 dogtooth violet N, P 

Erythronium rostratum W. Wolf 2 yellow troutlily N, P 

Erythronium umbilicatum Parks & Hardin 2 dimpled troutlily N, P 

Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. 2 orange daylily I, P, W, IN 

Hymenocallis caroliniana (L.) Herbert 1 Carolina spiderlily N, P 

Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1 common goldstar N, P 

Leucojum vernum L. sping snowflake I, P Hatch 8811 MS 

Lilium canadense L. 2 Canada lily N, P 

Lilium michiganense Farw. 2 Michigan lily N, P, T (TN) 

Lilium superbum L. turk's-cap lily N, P Hatch 9671 MS 

Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link. subsp. racemosum false Solomon's seal N, P Phillips 976 MS 

Melanthium woodii J.W. Robins. ex Wood 2 Wood's bunchflower N, P 

Muscari botryoides (L.) P. Mill. 2 common grape hyacinth I, P 

Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. 1 starch grape hyacinth I, P 

Narcissus poeticus L. 2 poet's narcissus I, P 

Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. daffodil I, P Hatch 8786 MS 

Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt crowpoison N, P Phillips 778 AL 

Ornithogalum umbellatum L. 2 sleepydick I, P, W 

Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. King Solomon's seal N, P Phillips 578 MS 

- 49 -




Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D. Don 2 

yellow fairybells 

N, P 

Schoenolirion croceum (Michx.) Wood 2 yellow sunnybell N, P 

Stenanthium gramineum (Ker-Gawl.) Morong 1 eastern featherbells N, P 

Trillium cuneatum Raf. 2 little sweet Betsy N, P 

Trillium decumbens Harbison 2 trailing wakerobin N, P 

Trillium erectum L. 1 red trillium N, P 

Trillium flexipes Raf. 1 nodding wakerobin N, P 

Trillium ludovicianum Harbison1 Louisiana wakerobin N, P 

Trillium maculatum Raf. 1 spotted wakerobin N, P 

Trillium recurvatum Beck 2 bloody butcher N, P 

Trillium sessile L. toadshade N, P Phillips 769 AL 

Trillium stamineum Harbison1 Blue Ridge wakerobin N, P 

Trillium viride Beck wood wakerobin N, P Phillips 823 TN 

Uvularia grandiflora Sm. 1 largeflower bellwort N, P 

Uvularia perfoliata L. perfoliate bellwort N, P Phillips 864 TN 

Uvularia sessilifolia L. sessileleaf bellwort N, P Phillips 977 MS 

Veratrum virginicum (L.) Ait. f. 1 Virginia bunchflower N, P 

LEMNACEAE 

Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. 2 lesser duckweed N, P 

Lemna minor L. common duckweed N, P Hatch 8754 MS 

Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs 2 little duckweed N, P 

Lemna perpusilla Torr. 2 minute duckweed N, P 

- 50 -




Lemna valdiviana Phil. 2 

valdivia duckweed 

N, P 

Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden giant duckweed N, P Hatch 9281 MS 

Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Mey.) C.H. Thompson dotted duckmeat N, P Phillips 701 MS 

Wolffia brasiliensis Weddell 2 Brazilian watermeal N, P 

Wolffia columbiana Karst. 2 Columbian watermeal N, P 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. 2 tuberous grasspink N, P 

Corallorrhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. 2 autumn coralroot N, P 

Corallorrhiza wisteriana Conra2 spring coralroot N, P 

Cypripedium acaule Ait. 2 moccasin flower N, P 

Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight 2 greater yellow lady's slipper N, P 

Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 2 showy orchid N, P 

Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. downy rattlesnake plantain N, P Phillips 1241 TN 

Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh. 2 spiked crested coralroot N, P 

Liparis liliifolia (L.) L.C. Rich. ex Ker-Gawl. 2 brown lipwide orchid N, P 

Listera australis Lindl. 2 southern twayblade N, P 

Malaxis unifolia Michx. green adder's-tongue orchid N, P Hatch 9544 MS 

Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1 yellow fringed orchid N, P 

Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer 2 small green wood orchid N, P 

Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G.Don green fringed orchid N, P Hatch 9668a MS 

Platanthera peramoena (Gray) Gray 1 purple fringeless orchid N, P 

Spiranthes cernua (L.) L.C. Rich. 1 nodding ladies' tresses N, P 

- 51 -




Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer 2 

northern slender ladies' tresses N, P 

Spiranthes lucida (H.H. Eat.) Ames 1 shining ladies' tresses N, P, T (TN) 

Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. 1 October ladies' tresses N, P 

Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. little ladies' tresses N, P Phillips 426 TN 

Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray spring ladies' tresses N, P Hatch 9898 MS 

Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. cripple cranefly N, P Phillips 722 MS 

Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. 1 threebirds N, P 

POACEAE 

Aegilops cylindrica Host 2 jointed goatgrass I, A, W, IN 

Agrostis elliottiana J.A. Schultes 2 Elliott's bentgrass N, A 

Agrostis gigantea Roth 2 redtop I, P 

Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. winter bentgrass N, P Hatch 9129 MS 

Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman autumn bentgrass N, P Phillips 383 TN 

Agrostis scabra Willd. 2 rough bentgrass N, P 

Agrostis stolonifera L. creeping bentgrass N, P Kruse 1473 TN 

Aira caryophyllea L. silver hairgrass I, A Hatch 9191 MS 

Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth annual silver hairgrass I,A Kruse 1348 TN 

Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. Carolina foxtail N, A Hatch 8758 MS 

Andropogon gerardii Vitman big bluestem N, P, W Phillips 624 MS 

Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. bushy bluestem N, P Hatch 9823 MS 

Andropogon gyrans Ashe Elliot's bluestem N, P Hatch 9910 MS 

Andropogon ternarius Michx. 1 splitbeard bluestem N, P 

- 52 -




Andropogon virginicus L. 

broomsedge bluestem 

N, P, W, IN 

Hatch 9937 MS 

Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. annual vernalgrass I, A Hatch 9335 MS 

Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1 sweet vernalgrass N/I, P 

Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma churchmouse threeawn N, A Hatch 9907a MS 

Aristida longispica Poir. var. longispica slimspike threeawn N, A Hatch 9914 MS 

Aristida oligantha Michx. prairie threeawn N, A, W Hatch 9935 MS 

Aristida purpurascens Poir. var. tenuispica (A.S. Hitchc.) Allred arrowfeather threeawn N, P Hatch 9907 MS 

Aristida ramosissima Engelm. ex Gray 2 s-curve threeawn N, A 

Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl var. elatius 2 tall oatgrass I, P 

Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpgrass I, A Hatch 9819 MS 

Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. subsp. gigantean 2 giant cane N, P 

Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. subsp. tecta (Walt.) McClure 2 giant cane N, P 

Arundo donax L. 1 giant reed I, P, W, IN 

Avena sativa L. common oats I, A, W Hatch 9434 MS 

Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv. broadleaf carpetgrass N, P Phillips 538a AL 

Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kunth. common carpetgrass N, P Hatch 9634 MS 

Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter subsp. torreyana (Steud.) Allred & Gould 2 silver beardgrass N, P 

Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus pitted beardgrass I, P Hatch 9971 MS 

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. 2 sideoats grama N, P 

Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.) Beauv. bearded shorthusk N, P Phillips 364 TN 

Briza minor L. little quakinggrass I, P Kruse 1371 MS 

Bromus catharticus Vahl rescue grass I, A, W Phillips 522 AL 

Bromus ciliatus L. fringed brome N, P Hatch 9807 MS 

- 53 -




Bromus inermis Leyss. 2 

smooth brome 

N/I, P, W, IN 

Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr. Japanese brome I, A, W Hatch 8779 MS 

Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. hairy woodland brome N, P Hatch 9471 MS 

Bromus racemosus L. bald brome N, A Hatch 9094b MS 

Bromus secalinus L. ryebrome I, A, W Hatch 9074 MS 

Bromus sterilis L. barren brome I, A Kruse 1323 TN 

Bromus tectorum L. 2 cheatgrass I, A, W, IN 

Cenchrus spinifex Cav. coastal sandbur N, A/P, W Kruse 1527 MS 

Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates broadleaf woodoats N, P Phillips 485 TN 

Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates slender woodoats N, P Phillips 484 TN 

Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (Poir.) Yates 1 longleaf woodoats N, P 

Cinna arundinacea L. stout woodreed N, P Phillips 517 TN 

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. bermudagrass I, P, W, IN Phillpis 531 AL 

Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass I, P, W, IN Hatch 8816 MS 

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Egyptian goosegrass I, A, W Hatch 9800 MS 

Danthonia sericea Nutt. downy oatgrass N, P Hatch 9339 MS 

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes poverty oatgrass N, P Hatch 9410 MS 

Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark needleleaf rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9079 MS 

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. acuminatum 2 tapered rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. lindheimeri (Nash) 

Gould & C.A. Clark 2 

tapered rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark Bosc's rosettegrass N, P Phillips 365 TN 

Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould deertongue N, P Hatch 9333 MS 

- 54 -




Dichanthelium commutatum (J.A. Schultes) Gould subsp. equilaterale 

(Scribn.) Freckman 

Kruse 1347 TN 

Dichanthelium consanguineum (Kunth) Gould & C.A. Clark 2 blood rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould 2 starved rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. ensifolium (Baldw. ex Ell.) 

Gould & C.A. Clark 

cypress rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9886a MS 

Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. dichotomum 2 cypress rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & C.A. Clark broadleaf rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9127 MS 

Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould openflower rosettegrass N, P Kruse 1314 TN 

Dichanthelium leucothrix (Nash) Freckmann 2 rough rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium linearifolium(Scribn. ex Nash) Gould 2 slimleaf rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould 2 shortleaf rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann 2 matting rosettegrass N,P 

Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould Ravenel's rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9357 MS 

Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould velvet rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9387 MS 

Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. isophyllum (Scribn.) 


roundseed rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9744b MS 

Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. sphaerocarpon 2 roundseed rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Freckmann roughhair rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9079a MS 

Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. 2 southern crabgrass N, A, W 

Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 2 fall witchgrass N, P 

Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel. 2 slender crabgrass N, A/P 

Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. smooth crabgrass I, A, W Hatch 9845 MS 

- 55 -




Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. 

hairy crabgrass 

N, A, W 

Phillips 338 TN 

Digitaria violascens Link violet crabgrass I, A/P Phillips 528 AL 

Echinochloa colona (L.) Link jungle rice I, A, W Hatch 9867 MS 

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. crus-galli large barnyardgrass I, A, IN Phillips 321 TN 

Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. microstachya Wieg. 1 rough barnyardgrass N, A 

Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. muricata rough barnyardgrass I, A Hatch 9884 MS 

Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller coast cockspur N, A Phillips 613 MS 

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass I, A, W, IN Phillips 328 TN 

Elymus canadensis L. var. canadensis Canada wildrye N, P Phillips 476 TN 

Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix eastern bottlebrush N, P Kruse 1471 TN 

Elymus repens (L.) Gould 2 quackgrass I, P, W, IN 

Elymus riparius Wieg. 2 riverbank wildrye N, P 

Elymus svensonii Church 2 Svenson's wildrye N, P 

Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. 2 hairy wildrye N, P 

Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus 2 Virginia wildrye N,P 

Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees 2 lacegrass N, A 

Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen 2 stinkgrass I,A, W 

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass I, P Kruse 1358 AL 

Eragrostis frankii C.A. Mey. ex Steud. 2 sandbar lovegrass N, A 

Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees 2 bigtop lovegrass N, P 

Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. 2 teal lovegrass A, N 

Eragrostis intermedia A.S. Hitchc. 1 plains lovegrass N, P 

Eragrostis minor Host 2 little lovegrass I, A 

- 56 -




Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. var. pectinacea 

tufted lovegrass 

N, A 


Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. 2 Indian lovegrass N, A, W 

Eragrostis refracta (Muhl.) Scribn. coastal lovegrass N, P Phillips 667 MS 

Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh.) Steud. purple lovegrass N, P Phillips 502 TN 

Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. centipedegrass I, P Hatch 9745 MS 

Festuca paradoxa Desv. clustered fescue N, P Hatch 9095 MS 

Festuca rubra L. 2 red fescue N, P 

Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev nodding fescue N, P Kruse 1295 TN 

Glyceria acutiflora Torr. 2 creeping mannagrass N, P 

Glyceria septentrionalis A.S. Hitchc. var. septentrionalis floating mannagrass N, P Hatch 9450 MS 

Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc. fowl mannagrass N, P Hatch 9252 MS 

Holcus lanatus L. velvetgrass I, P Hatch 9686 MS 

Hordeum jubatum L. 2 foxtail barley N, P, W 

Hordeum pusillum Nutt. little barley N, A, W Hatch 8715 MS 

Hordeum vulgare L. 2 barley I, A, W 

Leersia lenticularis Michx. catchflygrass N, P Hatch 9952 MS 

Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. rice cutgrass N, P Phillips 641 MS 

Leersia virginica Willd. whitegrass N, P Phillips 340 TN 

Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steudl.) N. Snow 2 mucronate sprangletop N, A/P, W 

Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow bearded sprangletop N, A, W Hatch 9756 MS 

Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire tall fescue I, P, W, IN Phillips 329 TN 

Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot 2 Italian ryegrass I, A/P 

Lolium temulentum L. 1 Darnel ryegrass I, A 

- 57 -




Melica mutica Walt. 

twoflower melic 

N, P 

Hatch 9126 MS 

Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper 2 threeflower melic N, P 

Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus 2 Nepalese browntop I, A, W, IN 

Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. 2 wirestem muhly N, P, W 

Muhlenbergia glabriflora Scribn. 2 inland muhly N, P 

Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel. nimblewill N, P, W, IN Hatch 9126 MS 

Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. 2 rock muhly N, P 

Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr. ex Gray 2 woodland muhly N, P 

Neeragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nicora 2 creeping lovegrass N, A 

Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. bristle basketgrass N, A/P Phillips 718 MS 

Panicum anceps Michx. beaked panicum N, P Phillips 718 MS 

Panicum capillare L. 2 witchgrass N, A, W 

Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. fall panicum N, A, W Phillips 690 MS 

Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. wiry witchgrass N, A Hatch 9826 MS 

Panicum gattingeri Nash 2 Gattinger's panicum N, A 

Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. 2 Philadelphia witchgrass N, A 

Panicum repens L. torpedograss N, P, W, IN Hatch 9266 MS 

Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. elongatum (Pursh) Lelong 2 redtop panicum N, P 

Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. pubescens (Vasey) Lelong 2 redtop panicum N, P 

Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. rigidulum 2 redtop panicum N, P 

Panicum virgatum L. switchgrass N, P, W Phillips 552 AL 

Paspalum almum Chase Comb's crowngrass I, P Hatch 9895 MS 

Paspalum boscianum Fluggé bull paspalum N, A Hatch 10038 AL 

- 58 -




Paspalum convexum Humb.& Bonpl ex Flueggé. 

Mexican paspalum 

I, A 

Hatch 9850 MS 

Paspalum dilitatatum Poir. dallisgrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 339 TN 

Paspalum dissectum (L.)L. 2 mudbank paspalum N, P 

Paspalum distichum L. 2 knotgrass N, P 

Paspalum floridanum Michx. Florida paspalum N, P Phillips 610 MS 

Paspalum fluitans (Ell.) Kunth 2 water paspalum N, A 

Paspalum laeve Michx. roundseed paspalum N, P Hatch 9885 MS 

Paspalum notatum Flueggé bahiagrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 319 TN 

Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. hairyseed paspalum N, P Phillips 326 TN 

Paspalum setaceum Michx. thin paspalum N, P Phillips 437 TN 

Paspalum urvillei Steud. vaseygrass I, P, W Phillips 614 MS 

Paspalum virgatum L. seashore paspalum N, P Phillips 611 MS 

Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. 1 pearl millet I, A/P, W, IN 

Phalaris canariensis L. 2 annual canarygrass I, A 

Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Carolina canarygrass N, A Hatch 9105 MS 

Phanopyrum gymnocarpon (Ell.) Nash savannah panicum N, P Phillips 682 MS 

Phleum pratense L. timothy I, P, W, IN Kruse 1497 TN 

Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi blackseed needlegrass N, P Hatch 9399 MS 

Poa annua L. annual bluegrass I, A, W Phillips 755 TN 

Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Willd. autumn bluegrass N, P Kruse 1351 AL 

Poa chapmaniana Scribn. 2 Chapman's bluegrass N, A 

Poa compressa L. 2 Canada bluegrass I, P 

Poa cuspidata Nutt. 2 early bluegrass N, P 

- 59 -




Poa pratensis L. 

Kentucky bluegrass 

N/I, P, W, IN Kruse 1301 TN 

Poa sylvestris Gray 2 woodland bluegrass N, P 

Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt. 2 silver plumegrass N, P 

Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. brevibarbe shortbeard plumegrass N, P Phillips 629 MS 

Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. contortum (Ell.) R. Webster shortbeard plumegrass N, P Hatch 9916 MS 

Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. sugarcane plumegrass N, P Phillips 620 MS 

Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase glenwood grass I, P Phillips 699 MS 

Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) Beauv. 2 meadow fescue I, P 

Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium little bluestem N, P Hatch 9831 MS 

Secale cereale L. 2 cereal rye I, A, W 

Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail bristlegrass I, A, W Phillips 382 TN 

Setaria parviflora (Poir.)Kerguel. knotroot bristlegrass N, P, W Phillips 498 TN 

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes subsp. pallidifusa 

(Schumacher) B.K. Simon 

yellow bristlegrass I, A, W, IN Hatch 9974 MS 

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes subsp. pumila yellow bristlegrass I, A Phillips 623 MS 

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. var. viridis 2 green bristlegrass I, A, IN 

Sorghastrum elliottii (C. Mohr) Nash slender indiangrass N, P Hatch 10059 MS 

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash yellow indiangrass N, P, W Phillips 551 AL 

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench2 sorghum I, A, W, IN 

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. johnsongrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 379 TN 

Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link 2 prairie cordgrass N, P 

Sphenopholis filiformis (Chapman) Scribn. longleaf wedgescale N, P Hatch 9078 MS 

Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. slender wedgescale N, P Hatch 9065 MS 

- 60 -




Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. 

shiny wedgescale 

N,P 

Kruse 1311 TN 

Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. obtusata prairie wedgescale N, A/P Hatch 9318 MS 

Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) A.S. Hitchc. 2 swamp wedgescale N, P 

Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. compositus 2 tall dropseed N, P 

Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi 2 meadow dropseed N, P 

Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. smutgrass N/I, A/P, W Phillips 553 AL 

Sporobolus neglectus Nash 2 puffsheath dropseed N, A 

Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. ozarkanus (Fern.) Shinners 2 Ozark dropseed N, A 

Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. vaginiflorus poverty dropseed N, A Hatch 9826a MS 

Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash gaping panicum N, P Phillips 609 MS 

Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. var. flavus 2 purpletop N, P 

Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash longspike tridens N, P Phillips 633 MS 

Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. eastern gammagrass N, P, W Phillips 608 MS 

Triticum aestivum L. 2 wheat I, A, W 

Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R. Webster browntop signalgrass N, A/P, W Hatch 10077 MS 

Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex Wright) R. Webster broadleaf signalgrass N, A, W Phillips 595 MS 

Urochloa ramosa (L.) Nguyen dixie signalgrass I, A, W Hatch 9790 MS 

Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray brome fescue I, A Hatch 9263 MS 

Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel. var. myuros rattail fescue I, A Hatch 9177 MS 

Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. var. glauca (Nutt.) Fern. 2 sixweeksgrass N, A 

Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. var. octoflora annual fescue N, A Hatch 9784 MS 

Zea mays L. corn I, A, W Hatch 9784 MS 

Zizaniopsis milacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers. giant cutgrass N, P Phillips 704 MS 

- 61 -




PONTEDARIACEAE 

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms water hyacinth I, P Kruse 1028 MS 

Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. 2 grassleaf mudplantain N, A/P 

Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd. 2 blue mudplantain N, A 

Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pavón 2 kidneyleaf mudplantain N, P 

Pontederia cordata L. 2 pickerelweed N, P 

POTAMOGETONACEAE 

Potamogeton crispus L. 2 curly pondweed I, P 

Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. waterthread pondweed N, P Hatch 9326 MS 

Potamogeton foliosus Raf. 2 leafy pondweed N, P 

Potamogeton nodosus Poir. 2 longleaf pondweed N, P 

Potamogeton pusillus L. 2 small pondweed N, P 

SMILACACEAE 

Smilax auriculata Walt. earleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9367 MS 

Smilax biltmoreana(Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell 2 Biltmore's carrionflower N, P 

Smilax bona-nox L. saw greenbriar N, P Hatch 9149 MS 

Smilax glauca Walt. cat greenbriar N,P Phillips 534 SL 

Smilax herbacea L. 1 smooth carrionflower N, P 

Smilax hugeri (Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell 2 Huger's carrionflower N, P 

Smilax lasioneura Hook. 2 Blue Ridge carrionflower N, P 

Smilax laurifolia L. 1 laurel greenbriar N, P 

- 62 -




Smilax pumila Walt. 

sasparilla vine 

N, P 

Phillps 454 TN 

Smilax rotundifolia L. roundleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9881 MS 

Smilax smallii Morong lanceleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9920 MS 

Smilax tamnoides L. 2 bristly greenbriar N, P 

Smilax walteri Pursh 2 coral greenbriar N, P 

TYPHACEAE 

Typha angustifolia L. 2 narrowleaf cattail I, P 

Typha latifolia L. broadleaf cattail N, P, W Phillips 401 TN 

XYRIACEAE 

Xyris caroliniana Walt. 1 Carolina yelloweyed grass N, P 

Xyris tennesseensis Kral 2 Tennessee yelloweyed grass N, P, E (F, AL, TN) 

Xyris torta Sm. 2 slender yelloweyed grass N, P 

ZANNICHELLIACEAE 

Zannichellia palustris L. 2 horned pondweed N, P 

- 63 -




MAGNOLIOPHYTA (Magnoliopsida – Dicots) 

ACANTHACEAE 

Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. 2 branched foldwing N, A/P 

Justicia americana (L.) Vahl American water-willow N, P Phillips 1162 TN 

Justicia ovata (Walt.) Landau var. lanceolata (Chapman) R.W. Long 2 looseflower water- willow N, P 

Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F. Gmel.) Steud. subsp. caroliniensis var. caroliniensis 2 Carolina wild petunia N 

Ruellia humilis Nutt. 2 fringeleaf wild petunia N, P 

Ruellia strepens L. limestone wild petunia N, P Hatch 9466 MS 

ACERACEAE 

Acer barbatum Michx. 1 southern sugar maple N, P 

Acer negundo L. box elder N, P Phillips 344 TN 

Acer nigrum Michx. f. black maple N, P Phillips 1243 TN 

Acer platanoides L. Norway maple I, P, W, IN Hatch 9897 MS 

Acer rubrum L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Sarg. 2 Drummond's maple N, P 

Acer saccharum Marsh. var. saccharum sugar maple N, P Phillips 533 AL 

AIZOACEAE 

Trianthema portulacastrum L. desert horsepurslane N, A/P, W Hatch 9796 MS 

AMARANTHACEAE 

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. alligatorweed I, P, W, IN Phillips 635 MS 

- 64 -




Amaranthus albus L. 2 

prostrate pigweed 

N, A 

Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 2 mat amaranth I, A, W, IN 

Amaranthus caudatus L. 2 love-lies-bleeding I, A 

Amaranthus hybridus L. 1 slim amaranth N, A, W 

Amaranthus retroflexus L. 2 redroot amaranth N, A, W, IN 

Amaranthus spinosus L. 1 spiny amaranth N, A, W 

Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer 2 roughfruit amaranth N, A 

Amaranthus viridis L. slender amaranth N, A , W Hatch 9776 MS 

Celosia argentea L. 2 silver cock's comb N, A 

Froelichia gracilis (Nutt.) Moq. 2 slender snakecotton N, A 

Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. 2 Juda's bush N, P 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Cotinus obovatus Raf. 2 American smoketree N, P 

Rhus aromatica Ait. 2 fragrant sumac N, P 

Rhus copallinum L. flameleaf sumac N, P Phillips 387 TN 

Rhus glabra L. smooth sumac N, P Phillips 725 MS 

Rhus typhina L. 2 staghorn sumac N, P 

Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. Atlantic poison oak N, P Hatch 9970 MS 

Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze subsp. radicans 2 eastern poisonivy N, P photograph 

Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze1 poison sumac N, P 

- 65 -




ANNONACEAE 

Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal pawpaw N, P Phillips 360 TN 

APIACEAE 

Ammoselinum butleri(Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2 Butler's sandparsley N, A 

Ammoselinum popei Torr. & Gray 2 plains sandparsley N, A 

Angelica atropurpurea L. 1 purplestem angelica N, P 

Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern. hairy angelica N, P Phillips 1158 TN 

Anthriscus caucalis Bieb. 2 burr chervil I, A 

Bupleurum rotundifolium L. 2 hare's ear I, A 

Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz. spreading chervil N, A Phillips 783 MS 

Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook var. tainturieri 2 hairyfruit chervil N, A 

Cicuta maculata L. water hemlock N, B/P, W, IN Phillips 512 TN 

Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock I, B, W, IN Phillips 844 TN 

Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 1 Canadian honewort N, P 

Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace I, B, W, IN Phillips 406 TN 

Daucus pusillus Michx. 1 American wild carrot N, A 

Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. harbinger of spring N, A/P Phillips 752 TN 

Eryngium aquaticum L. 1 rattlesnake master N, B 

Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. creeping eryngo N, P Hatch 9737 MS 

Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. var. yuccifolium button eryngo N, P Phillips 672 MS 

Hydrocotyle umbellata L. manyflower marshpennywort N, P Hatch 9171 MS 

Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt. 1 Canadian licorice-root N, P 

- 66 -




Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke 2 

Clayton's sweetroot 

N, P 

Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. 1 longstyle sweetroot N, P 

Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. stiff cowbane N, P Phillips 473 TN 

Pastinaca sativa L. 2 wild parsnip I, B/P, W, IN 

Perideridia americana (Nutt. ex DC.) Reichenb. 2 eastern yampah N, P 

Polytaenia nuttallii DC. 2 Nuttall's prairie parsley N, P 

Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. herbwilliam N, A Hatch 9548 MS 

Ptilimnium costatum (Ell.) Raf. 2 ribbed mock bishopweed N, A 

Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. 2 laceflower N, A 

Sanicula canadensis L. 1 Canadian blacksnakeroot N, B 

Sanicula marilandica L. 2 Maryland sancile N, P 

Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe clustered blacksnakeroot N, A Phillips 377 TN 

Sanicula smallii Bickn. 2 Small's blacksnakeroot N, B/P 

Sanicula trifoliata Bickn. 2 largefruit blacksnakeroot N, P 

Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude yellow pimpernel N, P 

Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. hairyjoint meadowparsnip N, P Hatch 9462 MS 

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. aureum Britt. 2 purple meadowparsnip N, P 

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. trifoliatum 2 purple meadowparsnip N, P 

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link 2 spreading hedgeparsley I, A 

Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. erect hedgeparsley I, A Phillips 1141 TN 

Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. 2 knotted hedgeparsley I, A 

Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. whitenymph N, A Hatch 9730 MS 

Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. meadow zizia N, P Phillips 863 TN 

- 67 -




Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch 1 

golden zizia 

N, P 

Zizia trifoliata (Michx.) Fern. 2 meadow alexanders N, P 

APOCYNACEAE 

Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. gattingeri Woods. 2 eastern bluestar N, P 

Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. tabernaemontana 1 eastern bluestar N, P 

Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian hemp N, P, W, IN Hatch 9459 MS 

Trachelospermum difforme (Walt.) Gray climbing dogbane N, P Hatch 8788 MS 

Vinca major L. 2 bigleaf periwinkle I, P, W, IN 

Vinca minor L. 2 common periwinkle I, P, W, IN 

AQUIFOLIACEAE 

Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapman 1 large gallberry N, P 

Ilex decidua Walt. possomhaw N, P Hatch 8788 MS 

Ilex longipes Chapman ex Trel. 2 Georgia holly N, P 

Ilex opaca L. American holly N, P Phillips 580 MS 

Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray common winterberry N, P Hatch 9975 MS 

Ilex vomitoria Ait. 1 yaupon N, P 

ARALIACEAE 

Aralia racemosa L. 1 American spikenard N, P 

Aralia spinosa L. devil's walkingstick N, P Hatch 10054 MS 

Panax quinquefolius L. 1 American ginseng N, P, R (TN) 

- 68 -




ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 

Aristolochia serpentaria L. 2 Virginia snakeroot N, P 

Aristolochia tomentosa Sims 2 woolly dutchman's pipe N, P 

Asarum canadense L. Canadian wild ginger N, P Phillips 735 MS 

Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small little brown jug N, P Hatch 9196 MS 

ASCLEPIADACEAE 

Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. 1 clasping milkweed N, P 

Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woods. 2 green milkweed N, P 

Asclepias incarnata L. subsp. incarnate 2 swamp milkweed N, P 

Asclepias perennis Walt. 1 aquatic milkweed N, P 

Asclepias purpurascens L. purple milkweed N, P Phillips 309 TN 

Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. 1 fourleaf milkweed N, P 

Asclepias syriaca L. broadleaf milkweed N, P, W Phillips 399 TN 

Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly milkweed N, P Phillips 433 TN 

Asclepias variegata L. white milkweed N, P Phillips 506 

Asclepias verticillata L. 1 whorled milkweed N, P, W 

Asclepias viridiflora Raf. 1 green comet milkweed N, P 

Asclepias viridis Walt. green antelopehorn N, P Hatch 9233 MS 

Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. 2 honeyvine N, P, W 

Matelea carolinensis (Jacq.) Woods. maroon Carolina milkvine N, P Hatch 9349 MS 

Matelea gonocarpos (Walt.) Shinners angularfruit milkvine N, P Hatch 9742 MS 

Matelea obliqua (Jacq.) Woods. 2 climbing milkvine N, P 

- 69 -




ASTERACEAE 

Achillea millefolium L. yarrow N/I, P, W Hatch 9224 MS 

Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen var. repens (Walt.) R.K. Jansen oppositeleaf spotflower N, P Hatch 10072 MS 

Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. altissima white snakeroot N, P Phillips 373 TN 

Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach var. aromatica 1 lesser snakeroot N, P 

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. common ragweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 372 TN 

Ambrosia bidentata Michx. 2 lanceleaf ragweed N, A 

Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Cuman ragweed N, A/P Hatch 10024 MS 

Ambrosia trifida L. giant ragweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 536 AL 

Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. 2 prairie broomweed N, A, W 

Antennaria parlinii Fern.subsp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins1 Parlin's pussytoes N, P 

Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. woman's tobacco N, P Phillips 818 TN 

Antennaria solitaria Rydb. 1 singlehead pussytoes N, P 

Anthemis arvensis L. 2 corn chamomile I, A 

Anthemis cotula L. 1 stinking chamomile I, A, W, IN 

Arctium minus Bernh. 1 lesser burdock I, B, W, IN 

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins. 1 pale Indian plantain N, P 

Arnoglossum ovatum (Walt.) H.E. Robins. 1 ovateleaf cacalia N, P 

Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. 2 groovestem Indian plantain N, P 

Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H.E. Robins. 2 great Indian plantain N, P 

Artemisia annua L. 1 sweet sagewort I, A 

Artemisia vulgaris L. 2 common wormwood N/I, P 

Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. 2 entireleaf western daisy N, A 

- 70 -




Baccharis halimifolia L. 

eastern baccharis 

N, P 

Phillips 727 MS 

Bellis perennis L. 1 lawndaisy I, P, W 

Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. bearded beggarticks N, A, W, IN Phillips 430 TN 

Bidens bipinnata L. 1 Spanish needles N, A, W 

Bidens cernua L. nodding beggartick N,A Hatch 10007 MS 

Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. purple stem beggartick N, A Hatch 9849 MS 

Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. crowned beggartick N, A Phillips 423 TN 

Bidens discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt. 2 small beggarticks N, A 

Bidens frondosa L. 2 devil's beggartick N, A, W 

Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. smooth beggartick N, A/P Phillips 1129 TN 

Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff smallfruit beggarticks N, A 

Bidens tripartita L. 2 threelobe beggarticks N, A 

Bidens vulgata Greene 2 big devils beggartick N, A 

Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér var. recognita (Fern. & Grisc.) Cronq. white doll's daisy N, P Hatch 1227 MS 

Boltonia diffusa Ell. var. interior Fern. & Grisc. smallhead doll's daisy N, P Phillips 662 MS 

Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. eupatorioides 2 false boneset N, P 

Calyptocarpus vialis Less. straggler daisy I, P Hatch 9957 MS 

Carduus nutans L. nodding plumeless thistle I, B/P, W, IN Phillips 1142 TN 

Centaurea cyanus L. garden cornflower I, A, W Phillips 1148 TN 

Centaurea diffusa Lam. 2 diffuse knapweed I, A/P 

Centaurea solstitialis L. 2 yellow star-thistle I, A, W, IN 

Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Ell. 1 Maryland goldenaster N, P 

Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. 2 soft goldenaster N, A 

- 71 -




Cichorium intybus L. 2 

chicory 

I, B/P, W, IN 

Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill 1 tall thistle N, B 

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 2 Canada thistle I, P, W, IN 

Cirsium carolinianum (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 1 soft thistle N, B/P 

Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Speng. field thistle N, B/P, W Phillips 547 AL 

Cirsium horridulum Michx. 1 yellow thistle N, A/B, W 

Cirsium muticum Michx. 1 swamp thistle N, B 

Cirsium scariosum Nutt. 1 meadow thistle N, B/P 

Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx. 1 Virginia thistle N, B 

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 1 bull thistle I, B, W, IN 

Cnicus benedictus L. 2 blessed thistle I, A 

Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. blue mistflower N, P Phillips 352 TN 

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. canadensis Canada horseflower N, A/B Phillips 385 TN 

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronq. 2 Canada horseflower N, A/B 

Conyza ramosissima Cronq. 2 dwarf horseweed N, A, W 

Coreopsis auriculata L. lobed tickseed N, P Phillips 975 MS 

Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var. grandiflora 2 largeflower tickseed N, P 

Coreopsis lanceolata L. lanceleaf tickseed N, P Hatch 9355 MS 

Coreopsis major Walt. greater tickseed N, P Phillips 1132 TN 

Coreopsis pubescens Ell. var. debilis (Sherff) E.B. Sm. 2 star tickseed N, P 

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. var. tinctoria 2 golden tickseed N, A/P 

Coreopsis tripteris L. tall tickseed N, P Phillips 560 AL 

Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. 2 garden cosmos I, A 

- 72 -




Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 2 

sulphur cosmos 

I, A 

Crepis pulchra L. 2 smallflower hawksbeard I, A 

Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene1 cornel-leaf whitetop N, P 

Doellingeria umbellata (P. Mill.) Nees var. umbellata1 parasol whitetop N, P 

Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. 1 clasping coneflower N, A, W 

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench eastern purple coneflower N, P, W Phillips 1195 AL 

Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small 2 Tennessee purple coneflower N, P, END 

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. false daisy N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 9984 MS 

Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. Carolina elephantsfoot N, P Phillips 378 TN 

Elephantopus elatus Bertol. tall elephantsfoot N, P Hatch 9319 MS 

Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. 1 American burnweed N, A 

Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. eastern daisy fleabane N, A Hatch 9319 MS 

Erigeron philadelphicus L. Philadelphia fleabane N, B/P, W Hatch 8691 MS 

Erigeron pulchellus Michx. robin's plantain N, P Phillips 905 TN 

Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. prairie fleabane N, A/B Phillips 336 TN 

Erigeron tenuis Torr. & Gray1 slender fleabane N, P 

Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) King & H.E. Robins. 2 trumpetweed N, P 

Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. maculatus1 spotted trumpetweed N, P 

Eupatorium album L. var. album 2 white thoroughwort N, P 

Eupatorium altissimum L. 1 tall thoroughwort N, P 

Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small dogfennel N, P, W Phillips 631 MS 

Eupatorium compositifolium Walt. yankeeweed N, P Hatch 9911 MS 

Eupatorium glaucescens Ell. 2 waxy thoroughwort N, P 

- 73 -




Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. var. calcaratum Fern. & Schub. 

hyssopleaf thoroughwort 

N, P 

Hatch 9978 MS 

Eupatorium perfoliatum L. common boneset N, P Phillips 469 TN 

Eupatorium pilosum Walt. rough boneset N, P Hatch 9949 MS 

Eupatorium purpureum L. 1 sweetscented joepyeweed N, P, W 

Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. rotundifolium 2 roundleaf eupatorium N, P 

Eupatorium semiserratum DC. 2 smallflower thoroughwort N, P 

Eupatorium serotinum Michx. lateflowering thoroughwort N, P Hatch 9912 MS 

Eupatorium sessilifolium L. 2 upland boneset N, P 

Eurybia hemispherica (Alexander) Nesom southern prairie aster N, P Hatch 9689 MS 

Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. 2 bigleaf aster N, P 

Eurybia paludosa (Ait.) Nesom southern swamp aster N, P Phillips 466 TN 

Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 2 flat-top goldentop N, P 

Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene 2 Texas goldentop N, P 

Euthamia leptocephala (Torr. & Gray) Greene1 bushy goldentop N, P 

Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britt. slender goldentop N, P Hatch 10033 MS 

Facelis retusa (Lam.) Schultz-Bip. 1 annual trampweed I, A 

Fleischmannia incarnata(Walt.) King & H.E. Robins. 2 pink thoroughwort N, P 

Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav. 2 shaggy soldier I, A 

Gamochaeta argyrina Nesom A Hatch 9411 MS 

Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Kerguél. grey everlastin I, A Hatch 9635 MS 

Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera spoonleaf purple everlasting N, P Hatch 8804 MS 

Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. 2 narrowleaf gumweed N, B/P 

Hasteola suaveolens (L.) Pojark. 2 false Indian plantain N, P 

- 74 -




Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock 

bitter sneezeweed 

N, A, W 


Helenium autumnale L. var. autumnale 2 common sneezeweed N, P 

Helenium flexuosum Raf. purplehead sneezeweed N, P Hatch 9693 MS 

Helenium quadridentatum Labill longdisk sneezeweed N, A Phillips 658 MS 

Helianthus angustifolius L. swamp sunflower N, P Hatch 9835 MS 

Helianthus annuus L. 1 common sunflower N, A, W 

Helianthus atrorubens L. 1 purpledisk sunflower N, P 

Helianthus decapetalus L. 1 thinleaf sunflower N, P 

Helianthus divaricatus L. 1 woodland sunflower N, P, W 

Helianthus eggertii Small 2 Eggert's sunflower N, P 

Helianthus giganteus L. 2 giant sunflower N, P 

Helianthus grosseserratus Martens 1 sawtooth sunflower N, P, W 

Helianthus hirsutus Raf. hairy sunflower N, P Phillips 474 TN 

Helianthus maximilianii Schrad. 2 Maximilian sunflower N, P 

Helianthus microcephalus Torr. & Gray small woodland sunflower N, P Phillips 363 TN 

Helianthus mollis Lam. ashy sunflower N, P Phillips 539a AL 

Helianthus silphioides Nutt. 2 rosinweed sunflower N, P 

Helianthus strumosus L. 1 paleleaf woodland sunflower N, P 

Helianthus tuberosus L. 1 Jerusalem artichoke N, P, W 

Helianthus x glaucus Small (pro sp.) 2 [divaricatus x microcephalus] N, P 

Helianthus x laetiflorus Pers. (pro sp.) 2 [pauciflorus x tuberosus] N, P 

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet1 smooth oxeye N, P 

Heterotheca camporum (Greene) Shinners 2 lemonyellow false goldenaster N, P 

- 75 -




Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby 

camphorweed 

N, A 


Hieracium gronovii L. queendevil N, P Phillips 468 TN 

Hieracium paniculatum L. 1 Allegheny hawkweed N, P 

Hieracium scabrum Michx. rough hawkweed N, P Phillips 664 MS 

Hypochaeris radicata L. 2 hairy catsear I, P, W, IN 

Ionactis linariifolius (L.) Greene 1 flaxleaf whitetop aster N, P 

Iva annua L. var. caudata (Small) R.C. Jackson 1 annual marshelder N, A 

Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff 2 Alabama warbonnet N, P 

Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake twoflower dwarf dandelion N, P Phillips 821 TN 

Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) Chambers weedy dwarf dandelion N, A Phillips 924 TN 

Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. potato dwarf dandelion N, P Phillips 790 MS 

Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. 1 Virginia dwarf dandelion N, A 

Lactuca canadensis L. Canada lettuce N, A/B Hatch 9700 MS 

Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. var. villosa (Jacq.) Cronq. 2 woodland lettuce N, A/B 

Lactuca graminifolia Michx. 2 grassleaf lettuce N, B/P 

Lactuca saligna L. 2 willowleaf lettuce I, A/B 

Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce I, A, W, IN Phillips 302 TN 

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. ox-eye daisy I, P, W, IN Phillips 427 TN 

Liatris aspera Michx. 2 tall blazing star N, P 

Liatris pycnostachya Michx. prairie blazing star N, P Phillips 1208 MS 

Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. 1 devil's bite N, P 

Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. dense blazing star N, P Phillips 550 AL 

Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. squarrosa 2 scaly blazing star N, P 

- 76 -




Liatris squarrulosa Michx. 1 

Appalachian blazing star 

N, P 

Marshallia trinervia (Walt.) Trel. 1 broadleaf Barbara's buttons N, P, T (TN) 

Matricaria discoidea DC. 2 disc mayweed I, A, W 

Matricaria recutita L. 2 German chamomile I, A 

Melanthera nivea (L.) Small1 snow squarestem N, P 

Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd. 2 Florida Keys hempvine N, P 

Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. climbing hempvine N, P, W, IN Phillips 1213 MS 

Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum1 stiff goldenrod N, P 

Packera anonyma (Wood) W.A. Weber & A. Löve1 Small's ragwort N, P 

Packera aurea (L.) A.& D. Löve1 golden ragwort N, P 

Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey butterweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 792 MS 

Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve 2 roundleaf ragwort N, P 

Packera paupercula (Michx.) A.& D. Löve balsam groundsel N, P Phillips 930 TN 

Packera tomentosa (Michx.) C. Jeffrey 2 woolly ragwort N, P 

Parthenium integrifolium L. 1 wild quinine N, P 

Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt.var. graminifolia narrowleaf silkgrass N, P Phillips 1223 MS 

Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. camphor weed N, P Phillips 606 MS 

Polymnia canadensis L. 1 whiteflower leafcup N, P 

Prenanthes altissima L. tall rattlesnakeroot N, P Hatch 9875 MS 

Prenanthes aspera Michx. 1 rough rattlesnakeroot N, P 

Prenanthes barbata (Torr. & Gray) Milstead 2 barbed rattlesnakeroot N, P 

Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & Burtt subsp. obtusifolium rabbittobacco N, A Phillpis 440 TN 

Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. Carolina desert chicory N, A/B, W Hatch 9760 MS 

- 77 -




Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. 2 

upright prairie coneflower 

N, P 

Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. 1 pinnate prairie coneflower N, P 

Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. fulgida orange coneflower N, P Hatch 9588 MS 

Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. speciosa (Wenderoth) Perdue orange coneflower N, P Hatch 9119 MS 

Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. umbrosa (C.L. Boynt. & Beadle) Cronq. orange coneflower N, P Phillips 479 TN 

Rudbeckia hirta L. var. hirta 2 blackeyed Susan N, A/B/P 

Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. 2 blackeyed Susan N, A/B/P 

Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. laciniata 2 cutleaf coneflower N, P 

Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh sweet coneflower N, P Phillips 685 MS 

Rudbeckia triloba L. 1 browneyed Susan N, P 

Senecio plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve prairie groundsel B/P Phillips 910 TN 

Senecio vulgaris L. 2 old-man-in-the-Spring I, A/B, W, IN 

Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) B.S.P. narrowleaf whitetop aster N, P Phillips 1185 TN 

Silphium asteriscus L. 2 starry rosinweed N, P 

Silphium integrifolium Michx. wholeleaf rosinweed N, P Phillips 558 AL 

Silphium mohrii Small 2 Mohr's rosinweed N, P 

Silphium perfoliatum L. cup plant N, P, W, IN Phillips 1153 TN 

Silphium radula Nutt. 1 roughstem rosinweed N, P 

Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. 1 prairie rosinweed N, P 

Silphium trifoliatum L. var. latifolium Gray whorled rosinweed N, P Phillips 555 AL 

Silphium trifoliatum L. var. trifoliatum whorled rosinweed N, P 

Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small1 hairy leafcup N, P 

Solidago arguta Ait. var. caroliniana Gray 2 Atlantic goldenrod N, P 

- 78 -




Solidago bicolor L. 1 

white goldenrod 

N, P 

Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. & Gray Canada goldenrod N, P, W Phillips 1218 MS 

Solidago curtisii Torr. & Gray 2 mountain decumbent goldenrod N, P 

Solidago discoidea Ell. 1 rayless mock goldenrod N, P 

Solidago flexicaulis L. 2 zigzag goldenrod N, P 

Solidago gigantea Ait. giant goldenrod N, P Phillips 389 TN 

Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. 1 hairy goldenrod N, P 

Solidago juncea Ait. early goldenrod N, P Phillips 538b AL 

Solidago missouriensis Nutt. var. fasciculata Holz. 2 Missouri goldenrod N, P 

Solidago nemoralis Ait. grey goldenrod N, P Phillips 431 TN 

Solidago odora Ait. 1 anisescented goldenrod N, P 

Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd. 1 roundleaf goldenrod N, P 

Solidago roanensis Porter1 Roan Mountain goldenrod N, P 

Solidago rugosa P. Mill. subsp. aspera (Ait.) Cronq. 1 wrinkleleaf goldenrod N, P 

Solidago rugosa P. Mill. subsp. rugosa var. villosa (Pursh) Fern. 2 wrinkleleaf goldenrod N, P 

Solidago rupestris Raf. 2 rock goldenrod N, P 

Solidago erecta (Pursh) 1 showy goldenrod N, P 

Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula Torr. & Gray1 showy goldenrod N, P 

Solidago sphacelata Raf. 1 autumn goldenrod N, P 

Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia elmleaf goldenrod N, P Phillips 368 TN 

Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pavón field soliva I, A, W, IN Hatch 8718 MS 

Sonchus arvensis L. 2 field sowthistle I, P, W, IN 

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill prickly sowthistle I, A, W, IN Hatch 8704 MS 

- 79 -




Sonchus oleraceus L. 2 

common sowthistle 

I, A, W, IN 

Symphyotrichum anomalum (Engelm.) Nesom manyray aster N, P Phillips 1236 MS 

Symphyotrichum concolor (L.) Nesom1 eastern silver aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom1 common blue wood aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom southern annual saltmarsh aster N, A/B Hatch 10046 MS 

Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) Nesom var. drummondii 2 Drummond's aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom var. dumosum1 rice button aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom white heath aster N, P Hatch 9821 MS 

Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.&D. Löve var. laeve smooth blue aster N, P Hatch 9858 MS 

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom subsp. lanceolatum white panicle aster N, P Hatch 9979 MS 

Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.&D. Löve var. lateriflorum calico aster N, P Hatch 10002 MS 

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom 1 New England aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) Nesom 2 aromatic aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Weig.) Nesom bottomland aster N, P Hatch 9950 MS 

Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) Nesom var. oolentangiense 1 skyblue aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. gracile (Hook.) Nesom late purple aster N, P Phillips 1228 MS 

Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. patens late purple aster N, P Hatch 10009 MS 

Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pilosum hairy white oldfield aster N, P Phillips 711 MS 

Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var. praealtum 1 willowleaf aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum prenanthoides(Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom crookedstem aster N, P Hatch 9856 MS 

Symphyotrichum priceae (Britt.) Nesom 2 lavender oldfield aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum racemosum (Ell.) Nesom smooth white oldfield aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) Nesom1 Short's aster N, P 

- 80 -




Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) Nesom 

waxyleaf aster 

N, P 

Hatch 10049 MS 

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. feverfew I, P Phillips 838 TN 

Tanacetum vulgare L. 1 common tansy I, P, W, IN 

Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. 2 rock dandelion I, P 

Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers common dandelion N/I, P, W Phillips 330 TN 

Tragopogon dubius Scop. 2 yellow salsify I, A/B, W, IN 

Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt. ex Kearney 1 wingstem N, P 

Verbesina helianthoides Michx. gravelweed N, P Hatch 9369 MS 

Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt. 2 yellow crownbeard N, P 

Verbesina virginica L. 1 white crownbeard N, B/P 

Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel. subsp. gigantea giant ironweed N, P Hatch 10043 MS 

Vernonia missurica Raf. 1 Missouri ironweed N, P 

Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. 2 New York ironweed N, P 

Xanthium spinosum L. 2 spiny cocklebur I, A, W 

Xanthium strumarium L.var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq. 2 rough cocklebur N, A 

Youngia japonica (L.) DC. 2 Oriental false hawksbeard I, A 

BALSAMINACEAE 

Impatiens capensis Meerb. jewelweed N, A Phillips 299 TN 

Impatiens pallida Nutt. 2 pale touch-me-not N, A 

BERBERIDACEAE 

Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. 2 blue cohosh N, P 

- 81 -




Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. 2 

twinleaf 

N, P 

Nandina domestica Thunb. 2 sacred bamboo I, P 

Podophyllum peltatum L. mayapple N, P Hatch 8730 MS 

BETULACEAE 

Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. hazel alder N, P Phillips 482 TN 

Betula nigra L. river birch N, P Phillips 569 MS 

Carpinus caroliniana Walt. American hornbeam N, P Phillips 646 MS 

Corylus americana Walt. 1 American hazelnut N, P 

Ostrya virginiana (P.Mill.) K.Koch hophornbeam N, P Hatch 9143 MS 

BIGNONIACEAE 

Bignonia capreolata L. crossvine N, P Phillips 845 TN 

Campsis radicans (L.) Seems ex Bureau trumpet vine N, P, W Phillips 461 TN 

Catalpa bignonioides Walt. 2 southern catalpa N, P 

Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelm. northern catalpa N, P, W, IN Hatch 9188 MS 

BORAGINACEAE 

Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston corn gromwell I, A, W, IN Phillips 827 TN 

Cynoglossum virginianum L. wild comfrey N, P Hatch 9176 MS 

Echium vulgare L. 1 common viper's bugloss I, A/B/P 

Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston 1 beggarslice N, B/P 

Heliotropium europaeum L. 2 European heliotrope I, P 

- 82 -




Heliotropium indicum L. 

Indian heliotrope 

I, P 


Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. 2 pasture heliotrope N, A 

Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. 1 hoary puccoon N, P 

Lithospermum latifolium Michx. 2 American stoneseed N, P 

Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link1 Virginia bluebells N, P 

Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. 2 largeseed forget-me-not N, A 

Myosotis verna Nutt. spring forget-me-not N, A/B Phillips 911 TN 

Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. bejariense 2 soft-hair marbleseed N, P 

Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. hispidissimum (Mackenzie) 

B.L. Turner 2 

soft-hair marbleseed N, P 

Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. occidentale (Mackenzie) 

B.L. Turner 2 


BRASSICACEAE 

Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande 2 garlic mustard I, A/B 

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. 1 mouseear cress I, A 

Arabis canadensis L. 2 sicklepod N, B 

Arabis georgiana Harper 2 Georgia rockcress N, B 

Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. 2 tower rockcress N, A/B/P 

Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins 2 creamflower rockcress N, A/B/P 

Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. var. laevigata 2 smooth rockcress N, B 

Arabis perstellata E.L. Braun 2 Nevada rockcress N, P 

Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason 2 Short's rockcress N, B/P 

- 83 -




Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers. 1 

early yellowrocket 

I, B/P 

Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. 2 garden yellowrocket I, B, W, IN 

Berteroa incana (L.) DC. 2 hoary alyssum I, A/B/P 

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. India mustard I, A/P Phillips 808 TN 

Brassica nigra (L.) Koch black mustard I, A Hatch 8792 MS 

Brassica rapa L. 2 field mustard I, A/B, W, IN 

Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. 2 littlepod false flax I, A/B, W 

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. shepard's purse I, A, W, IN Phillips 786 MS 

Cardamine angustata O.E. Schulz 1 slender toothwort N, P 

Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl) B.S.P. bulb bittercress N, P Phillips 780 MS 

Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. cutleaf toothwort N, P Phillips 751 TN 

Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Woods. 2 crinkleroot N, P 

Cardamine dissecta (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz 2 forkleaf toothwort N, P 

Cardamine douglassii Britt. 2 limestone bittercress N, P 

Cardamine hirsuta L. 2 hairy bittercress I, A 

Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt.) O.E. Schulz1 sand bittercress N, A 

Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Pennsylvania bittercress N, A Phillips 739 TN 

Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. 2 hare's ear mustard I, A, W 

Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. subsp. brachycarpa (Richards.) Detling 2 western tansymustard N, A/B 

Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 1 shortpod draba N, A 

Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2 wedgeleaf draba N, A 

Draba verna L. spring draba I, A Phillips 753 TN 

Erysimum repandum L. 2 spreading wallflower I, A, W 

- 84 -




Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. 2 

purplerocket 

N, P 

Leavenworthia exigua Rollins var. exigua 2 Tennessee gladecress N, A 

Leavenworthia exigua Rollins var. lutea Rollins 2 Tennessee gladecress N, A 

Leavenworthia stylosa Gray 2 cedar gladecress N, A 

Leavenworthia torulosa Gray 2 necklace gladecress N, A 

Leavenworthia uniflora (Michx.) Britt. 2 Michaux's gladecress N, A 

Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f. 2 field pepperweed I, A/B 

Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. 2 common pepperweed N, A/B, W 

Lepidium virginicum L. Virginia pepperweed N, A/B/P, W Phillips 1125 TN 

Lesquerella densipila Rollins 2 Duck River bladderpod N, A 

Lesquerella globosa (Desv.) S. Wats. 2 globe bladderpod N, B/P 

Lesquerella lescurii (Gray) S. Wats. 2 Lescur's bladderpod N, A 

Lesquerella lyrata Rollins 2 lyreleaf bladderpod N, A, END 

Lunaria annua L. 2 annual honesty I, A/B 

Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey. 2 claspleaf pennycress I, A 

Raphanus raphanistrum L. wild radish I, A/B, W Hatch 8799 MS 

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek watercress N, P Phillips 402 TN 

Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. subsp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell 2 Fernald's yellowcress N, A/B/P 

Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc. 2 stalkless yellowcress N, A 

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess. 1 creeping yellowcress I, P, W, IN 

Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins1 Virginia winged rockcress N, A/B 

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. 1 hedgemustard I, A 

Thlaspi arvense L. 2 field pennycress I, A, W, IN 

- 85 -




BUDDLEJACEAE 

Polypremum procumbens L. 1 juniper leaf N, A/P 

BUXACEAE 

Pachysandra procumbens Michx. 1 Allegheny spurge N, P 

CABOMBACEAE 

Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. watershield N, P Phillips 565 MS 

CACTACEAE 

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. 1 Barbary fig I, P 

Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 2 devil's-tongue N, P 

CALLITRICHACEAE 

Callitriche heterophylla Pursh twoheaded water-starwort N, P Kruse 969 AL 

Callitriche terrestris Raf. terrestrial water-starwort N, A Hatch 8761 MS 

CALYCANTHACEAE 

Calycanthus floridus L. var. floridus eastern sweet shrub N, P Hatch 9052 MS 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Campanula rapunculoides L. 2 rampion bellflower I, P 

Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small American bellflower N, A Phillips 1138 TN 

- 86 -




Lobelia appendiculata A. DC. var. gattingeri (Gray) McVaugh 2 

Gattinger's lobelia 

N, A/B 

Lobelia cardinalis L. scarletflower N, P Phillips 428 TN 

Lobelia inflata L. indiantobacco N, A Phillips 428 TN 

Lobelia puberula Michx. 1 downy lobelia N, P 

Lobelia siphilitica L. great blue lobelia N, P Phillips 397 TN 

Lobelia spicata Lam. var. leptostachys (A. DC.) Mackenzie & Bush1 palespike lobelia N, P 

Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Bradley clasping Venus' looking-glass N, A Hatch 8698 MS 

Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. perfoliata clasping Venus' looking-glass N, A Hatch 9092 MS 

CANNABACEAE 

Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. 2 Japanese hop I, A/P 

CAPPARACEAE 

Cleome hassleriana Chod. 2 pink queen I, A 

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. 2 redwhisker clammyweed N, A 

CAPRIFOLIACEAE 

Abelia X grandiflora (Rovelli ex André) Rehd. 1 [chinensis x uniflora] I, P 

Lonicera flava Sims2 yellow honeysuckle N, P, R (TN) 

Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle I, P, W, IN Phillips 407 TN 

Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder Amur honeysuckle I, P, W, IN Phillips 793 TN 

Lonicera reticulata Raf. 2 grape honeysuckle N, P 

Lonicera sempervirens L. trumpet honeysuckle N, P Phillips 989 MS 

- 87 -




Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli 

common elderberry 

N, P 


Sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa red elderberry N, P Phillips 1130 TN 

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench coralberry N, P Phillips 366 TN 

Triosteum angustifolium L. yellowfruit horse-gentian N, P Phillips 906 TN 

Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. 2 orangefruit horse-gentian N, P 

Viburnum acerifolium L. 2 mapleleaf viburnum N, P 

Viburnum dentatum L. 2 southern arrowwood N, P 

Viburnum nudum L. 1 possumhaw N, P 

Viburnum prunifolium L. blackhaw N, P Phillips 717 MS 

Viburnum rufidulum Raf. 1 rusty blackhaw N, P 

CARYOPHYLLACEAE 

Agrostemma githago L. 1 common corncockle I, A, W 

Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. spreading sandwort N, P Phillips334 TN 

Arenaria serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf sandwort I, A Hatch 8809 MS 

Cerastium arvense L. 2 field chickweed N, P 

Cerastium brachypetalum Desportes ex Pers. 2 gray chickweed I, A 

Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex Gray) B.L. Robins. 2 shortstalk chickweed N, P 

Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet 2 big chickweed I, B/P 

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. sticky chickweed I, A Phillips 774b AL 

Cerastium nutans Raf. var. nutans 2 nodding chickweed N, A/P 

Cerastium pumilum W. Curtis 2 European chickweed I, A 

Cerastium semidecandrum L. 1 fivestamen chickweed I, A 

- 88 -




Dianthus armeria L. 

Deptford pink 

I, A/B, W, IN Phillips 1123 TN 

Holosteum umbellatum L. 2 jagged chickweed I, A 

Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. 2 pitcher's stitchwort N, A 

Minuartia uniflora (Walt.) Mattf. 1 oneflower stitchwort N, A 

Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood 2 smooth forked nailwort N, A 

Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. 2 hairy forked nailwort N, A 

Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray1 trailing pearlwort N, A 

Sagina procumbens L. 2 birdeye pearlwort I, P 

Saponaria officinalis L. 1 bouncingbet I, P, W, IN 

Silene antirrhina L. 2 sleepy silene N, A 

Silene latifolia Poir. 2 bladder campion I, B/P, W 

Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. widowsfrill N, P Phillips 1177 TN 

Silene virginica L. firepink N, P Phillips 853 TN 

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke 2 maidenstears I, P, W 

Stellaria corei Shinners 2 Tennessee starwort N, P 

Stellaria fontinalis (Short & Peter) B.L. Robins. 2 American water starwort N, P 

Stellaria graminea L. grasslike starwort I, P Phillips 798 TN 

Stellaria media (L.) Vill. subsp. media common chickweed I, A/P, IN Phillips 747 TN 

Stellaria pubera Michx. star chickweed N, P Phillips 855 TN 

CELSTRACEAE 

Celastrus orbiculata Thunb. 2 Oriental bittersweet I, P, IN 

Celastrus scandens L. 2 American bittersweet N, P 

- 89 -




Euonymus americanus L. 

strawberry bush 

N, P 

Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. 1 burningbush N, P 

Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz. 2 winter creeper I, P, W, IN 

- 90 - 

Phillips 495 

CERATOPHYLLACEAE 

Ceratophyllum demersum L. coon's tail N, P Phillips 694 MS 

CHENOPODIACEAE 

Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott 2 burningbush I, A 

Chenopodium album L. 2 lambsquarters N/I, A, W, IN 

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. 1 Mexican tea I, A/P, W 

Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. var. zschackii (J. Murr.) J. Murr. ex Aschers. 1 Zschack's goosefoot N, A 

Chenopodium botrys L. 1 Jerusalem oak goosefoot I, A 

Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen 2 Standley's goosefoot N, A 

Salsola tragus L. 2 prickly Russian thistle I, A, W, IN 

CISTACEAE 

Lechea minor L. 2 thymeleaf pinweed N, P 

Lechea mucronata Raf. 2 hairy pinweed N, P 

Lechea racemulosa Michx. 2 Illinois pinweed N, P 

Lechea tenuifolia Michx. 2 narrowleaf pinweed N, P 

TN




CLETHRACEAE 

Clethra acuminata Michx. mountain sweetpepperbush N, P Hatch 9682 MS 

CLUSIACEAE 

Hypericum adpressum Raf. ex W. Bart. 1 creeping St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz. St. Peterswort N, P Hatch 9680 MS 

Hypericum densiflorum Pursh1 bushy St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum denticulatum Walt. 1 coppery St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & Gray nits and lice N, A Phillips 1174 TN 

Hypericum frondosum Michx. 2 cedarglade St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P. 2 orangegrass N, A 

Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray 2 claspingleaf St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz subsp. multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson St. Andrewscross N, P Phillips 1184 TN 

Hypericum mutilum L. dwarf St. Johnswort N, A/P Phillips 549 AL 

Hypericum nudiflorum Michx. ex Willd. 1 early St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum perforatum L. 2 common St. Johnswort I, P, W, IN 

Hypericum prolificum L. shrubby St. Johnswort N, P Phillips 1165 TN 

Hypericum pseudomaculatum Bush false spotted St. Johnswort N, P Hatch 9702 MS 

Hypericum punctatum Lam. spotted St. Johnswort N, P Hatch 9732 MS 

Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx. 2 roundseed St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum virgatum Lam. 2 sharpleaf St. Johnswort N, P 

Triadenum tubulosum (Walt.) Gleason 2 lesser marsh St.Johnswort N, P 

- 91 -




CONVOLVULACEAE 

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. angulata Brummitt 1 hedge false bindweed N, P 

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. americana (Sims) Brummitt 2 hedge false bindweed N, P 

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. sepium 2 hedge false bindweed I, P, W 

Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh 2 low false bindweed N, P 

Convolvulus arvensis L. 1 field bindweed I, P, W, IN 

Dichondra carolinensis Michx. Carolina ponysfoot N, P, W Phillips 640 MS 

Ipomoea coccinea L. 1 redstar I, A, W, IN 

Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. ivyleaf morning-glory I, A, W, IN Phillips 520 AL 

Ipomoea lacunosa L. pitted morning-glory N, A, W, IN Phillips 590 MS 

Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey. man-of-the-earth N, P, W, IN Hatch 9562 MS 

Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth tall morning-glory I, A, W, IN Phillips 524 AL 

Ipomoea quamoclit L. 2 cypressvine I, A, W, IN 

Ipomoea wrightii Gray Wright's morning-glory I, A/P, W, IN Phillips 1230 MS 

Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. hairy clustervine N, A, W Hatch 10015 MS 

Stylisma humistrata (Walt.) Chapman1 southern dawnflower N, P 

CORNACEAE 

Cornus alternifolia L.f. alternateleaf dogwood N, P Phillips 817 TN 

Cornus amomum P. Mill. silky dogwood N, P Phillips 571 MS 

Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. roughleaf dogwood N, P Phillips 460 TN 

Cornus florida L. flowering dogwood N, P, W Phillips 346 TN 

Cornus foemina P. Mill. stiff dogwood N, P Hatch 9347 MS 

- 92 -




CRASSULACEAE 

Penthorum sedoides L. ditch stonecrop N, P Phillips 637 MS 

Sedum pulchellum Michx. widowscross N, A/B Phillips 847 TN 

Sedum sarmentosum Bunge 2 stringy stonecrop I, P 

Sedum ternatum Michx. woodland stonecrop N, P Kruse 1354 AL 

CUCURBITACEAE 

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai var. lanatus 2 watermelon I, A 

Cucumis melo L. cantaloupe I, A, W Hatch 9794 MS 

Melothria pendula L. 1 Guadeloupe cucumber N, P 

Sicyos angulatus L. 2 oneseed burr cucumber N, A, W 

CUSCUTACEAE 

Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy1 compact dodder N, P 

Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex J.A. Schultes1 scaldweed N, P 

Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pentagona1 fiveangled dodder N, A/P, IN 

CYRILLACEAE 

Cyrilla racemiflora L. swamp titi N, P Hatch 9301 MS 

DIPSACACEAE 

Dipsacus fullonum L. Fuller's teasel I, B, W Kruse 1478 TN 

- 93 -




DROSERACEAE 

Drosera brevifolia Pursh1 dwarf sundew N, A/P, T (TN) 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros virginiana L. common persimmon N, P Phillips 453 TN 

ELAEAGNACEAE 

Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. autumn olive I, P, W, IN Phillips 509 TN 

ERICACEAE 

Epigaea repens L. 2 trailing arbutus N, P 

Kalmia latifolia L. mountain laurel N, P Phillips 990 MS 

Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. var. foliosiflora (Michx.) Fern. 1 maleberry N, P 

Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. sourwood N, P Phillips 510 TN 

Rhododendron alabamense Rehder Alabama azalea N, P Phillips 822 TN 

Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet mountain azalea N, P Phillips 819 TN 

Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners 2 pink azalea N, P 

Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais 2 early azalea N, P 

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. farkleberry N, P Phillips 949 TN 

Vaccinium corymbosum L. highbush blueberry N, P Phillips 957 AL 

Vaccinium elliottii Chapman Elliot's blueberry N, P Phillips 781 MS 

Vaccinium fuscatum Ait. 2 black highbush blueberry N, P 

Vaccinium pallidum Ait. Blue Ridge blueberry N, P Phillips 907 TN 

- 94 -




Vaccinium stamineum L. 

deerberry 

- 95 - 

N, P 

Phillips 820 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Acalypha gracilens Gray slender threeseed mercury N, A Phillips 548 AL 

Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell 2 pineland threeseed mercury N, A, W 

Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. 1 common threeseed mercury N, A 

Acalypha virginica L. 1 Virginia threeseed mercury N, A, W 

Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray) Small 2 spreading sandmat N, A 

Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small1 hyssopleaf sandmat N, A/P, W 

Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small spotted sandmat N, A, W Phillips380 TN 

Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small 2 eyebane N, A/P, W 

Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small prostrate sandmat N, A/P Hatch 9755 MS 

Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small 2 matted sandmat N, A/P 

Croton capitatus Michx. hogwort N, A, W Hatch 9755 MS 

Croton glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell.-Arg. 1 vente conmigo N, A, W 

Croton monanthogynus Michx. 1 prairie tea N, A 

Croton willdenowii G.L. Webster 2 Willdenow's croton N, A 

Ditrysinia fruticosa (Bartr.) Govaerts & Frodin Gulf Sebastian-bush N, P Hatch 9302 MS 

Euphorbia commutata Engelm. ex Gray1 tinted woodland spurge N, A 

Euphorbia corollata L. flowering spurge N, P Phillips 432 TN 

Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. 2 fire on the mountain N, A/P, W 

Euphorbia cyparissias L. 2 cypress spurge I, P 

Euphorbia dentata Michx. var. dentata 2 toothed spurge N/I, A 

TN




Euphorbia helioscopia L. 2 

madwoman's milk 

I, A 

Euphorbia mercurialina Michx. 2 mercury spurge N, P 

Euphorbia spathulata Lam. warty spurge N, A/P Hatch 9132 MS 

Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. 2 Carolina leaf-flower N, A 

Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. 2 Mascarene Island leaf flower I, A 

Phyllanthus urinaria L. 2 chamber bitter I, A, W, IN 

Tragia cordata Michx. 2 heartleaf noseburn N, P 

Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Chinese tallowtree I, P, W, IN Phillips 713 MS 

FABACEAE 

Albizia julibrissin Durazz. mimosa tress I, P, W, IN Phillips 491 TN 

Amorpha fruticosa L. desert false indigo N, P Hatch 9740 MS 

Amorpha glabra Desf. ex Poir. 2 mountain false indigo N, P 

Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. 1 American hogpeanut N, A/P 

Apios americana Medik. 1 groundnut N, P 

Apios priceana B.L. Robbins Price's potato-bean N, P, T (F), 


E (AL, MS, TN) Photograph 

Astragalus canadensis L. 2 Canadian milkvetch N, P 

Astragalus tennesseensis Gray ex Chapman 2 Tennessee milkvetch N, P 

Astragalus villosus Michx. bearded milkvetch N, A Hatch 9660 MS 

Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely largeleaf wild indigo N, P Hatch 9322 MS 

Baptisia australis (L.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. var. minor (Lehm.) Fern. blue wild indigo N, P Hatch 10030 MS 

Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. 1 horseflyweed N, P 

- 96 -




Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. 

spurred butterflypea 

N, P 


Cercis canadensis L. redbud N, P Phillips 311 TN 

Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. fasciculata sleeping plant N, A, W Phillips 465 TN 

Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans 2 sensitive partridge pea N, A/P 

Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. nictitans 2 sensitive partridge pea N, A/P 

Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd 2 Kentucky yellowwood N, P 

Clitoria mariana L. Atlantic pigeonwings N, P Hatch 9599 MS 

Crotalaria sagittalis L. arrowhead rattlebox N, P Phillips 626 MS 

Crotalaria spectabilis Roth1 showy rattlebox I, A, W 

Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var. candida white prairieclover N, P Phillips 1210 MS 

Dalea foliosa (Gray) Barneby 2 leafy prairieclover N, P 

Dalea gattingeri (Heller) Barneby 2 purpletassels N, P 

Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bullock 2 foxtail prairie clover N, A 

Dalea purpurea Vent. var. purpurea 2 purple prairieclover N, P 

Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Illinois bundleflower N, P, W Phillips 618 MS 

Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. 1 hoary ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. hairy small-leaf ticktrefoil N, P Hatch 9947 MS 

Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud. var. cuspidatum 1 largebract ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC. 2 Dillenius' ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood pointedleaf ticktrefoil N, P Hatch 9815 MS 

Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. 2 smooth ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. 2 smooth small-leaf ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. nakedflower ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 1156 TN 

- 97 -




Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub. 2 

Nuttall's ticktrefoil 

N, P 

Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. stiff ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 400 TN 

Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. paniculatum panicledleaf ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 313 TN 

Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. fewflowered ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 374 TN 

Desmodium perplexum Schub. 2 perplexed ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium rotundifolium DC. 1 prostrate ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray1 sessileleaf ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC. 1 velvetleaf ticktrefoil N, P 

Dioclea multiflora (Torr. & Gray) C. Mohr1 Boykin's clusterpea N, P 

Erythrina herbacea L. 1 redcardinal N, P 

Galactia floridana Torr. & Gray1 Florida milkpea N, P 

Galactia regularis (L.) B.S.P. 2 eastern milkpea N, P 

Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. 1 downy milkpea N, P 

Gleditsia triacanthos L. common honey locust N, P Phillips 404 TN 

Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch 2 Kentucky coffeetree N, P 

Indigofera tinctoria L. 1 true indigo I, P 

Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino1 Korean clover I, A 

Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. Japanese clover I, A, W, IN Phillips 429 TN 

Lathyrus hirsutus L. 1 Caley pea I, A 

Lathyrus latifolius L. 2 perennial pea I, P, W 

Lathyrus pusillus Ell. tiny pea N, A Hatch 9077 MS 

Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. 2 shrub lespedeza I, P, W, IN 

Lespedeza capitata Michx. roundhead lespedeza N, P Phillips 669 MS 

- 98 -




Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don 

Chinese lespedeza 

I, P, W, IN 


Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem. 1 shrubby lespedeza N, P 

Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. 1 hairy lespedeza N, P 

Lespedeza procumbens Michx. 1 trailing lespedeza N, P 

Lespedeza repens (L.) W. Bart. creeping lespedeza N, P Phillips 497 TN 

Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. 1 violet lespedeza N, P 

Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. slender lespedeza N, P Phillips 561 AL 

Lespedeza x manniana Mackenzie & Bush (pro sp.) [capitata x violacea] N, P Phillips 1171 TN 

Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. 1 spotted medick I, A 

Medicago lupulina L. hop clover I, A, W Hatch8707 MS 

Medicago minima (L.) L. little burclover I, A Hatch 8695 MS 

Medicago polymorpha L. burclover I, A Hatch 8810 MS 

Medicago sativa L. 1 alfalfa I, A/P, W 

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. yellow sweetclover I, A/B/P, W, IN Hatch 9461 MS 

Mimosa microphylla Dry. littleleaf sensitivebriar N, P Hatch 9388 MS 

Orbexilum pedunculatum (P.Mill.) Rydb. var. pedunculatum Sampson's snakeroot N, P Hatch 9313 MS 

Orbexilum pedunculatum (P. Mill.) Rydb. var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely2 Sampson's snakeroot N, P 

Pediomelum subacaule (Torr. & Gray) Rydb. 2 whiterim scurfpea N, P 

Phaseolus polystachios (L.) B.S.P. 1 thicket bean N, P 

Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida kudzu I, P, W, IN Phillips 721 MS 

Rhynchosia difformis (Ell.) DC. 2 doubleform snoutbean N, P 

Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray1 prairie snoutbean N, P 

Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) Hook. & Arn. var. tomentosa twining snoutbean N, P Phillips 1200 MS 

- 99 -




Robinia hispida L. 2 

bristly locust 

N, P 

Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust N, P, W, IN Phillips 318 TN 

Securigera varia (L.) Lassen purple crownvetch I, P, W, IN Phillips 388 TN 

Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby2 American senna N, P 

Senna marilandica (L.) Link1 Maryland senna N, P 

Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Java-bean N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 10017 MS 

Senna occidentalis (L.) Link1 septicweed I, A/P, W 

Senna tora (L.) Roxb. 1 sickle senna I, P 

Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory poisonbean N, P Phillips 605 MS 

Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh bigpod sesbania N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 10014 MS 

Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. 1 amberique-bean N, A 

Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & Gray) Piper2 slickseed fuzzybean N, A 

Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt. pink fuzzybean N, P Phillips 425 TN 

Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S.P. sidebeak pencilflower N, P Phillips 496 TN 

Tephrosia spicata (Walt.) Torr. & Gray1 spiked hoarypea N, P 

Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. 1 Virginia thephrosia N, P 

Thermopsis villosa (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 2 Aaron's rod N, P 

Trifolium campestre Schreb. field clover I, A/B, W, IN Phillips 803 TN 

Trifolium dubium Sibthorp smallhop clover I, A Phillips 493 TN 

Trifolium hybridum L. alsike clover I, A/P Hatch8776 MS 

Trifolium incarnatum L. crimson clover I, A, W Phillips 840 TN 

Trifolium pratense L. red clover I, A, W, IN Phillips 305 TN 

Trifolium reflexum L. 2 buffalo clover N, A/B 

- 100 -




Trifolium repens L. var. repens 

white clover 

I, P, IN 


Trifolium resupinatum L. reversed clover I, A Hatch 9179 MS 

Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex Eat. 1 running buffalo clover N, P 

Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. American deervetch N, P Hatch 8728 MS 

Vicia caroliniana Walt. Carolina vetch N, P Phillips 904 TN 

Vicia cracca L. 1 bird vetch I, P 

Vicia grandiflora Scop. large yellow vetch I, A Hatch 8797 MS 

Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray1 tiny vetch I, A 

Vicia minutiflora F.G. Dietr. pygmy flower vetch N, A Phillips 788 MS 

Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. 3 garden vetch I, A Phillips 925 TN 

Vicia villosa Roth var. varia (Host) Corb. winter vetch I, A/B/P Phillips 997 AL 

Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa2 winter vetch I, A/B/P 

Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. 2 Japanese wisteria I, P, W, IN 

Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. American wisteria N, P Hatch 9465 MS 

Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Chinese wisteria I, P, W, IN Phillips 974 MS 

FAGACEAE 

Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. American chestnut N, P Phillips 572 MS 

Castanea mollissima Blume2 Chinese chestnut I, P 

Castanea pumila (L.) P. Mill. var. pumila1 chinkapin N, P 

Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American beech N, P Phillips 417 TN 

Quercus alba L. white oak N, P Phillips 703 MS 

Quercus bicolor Willd. swamp white oak N, P Phillips 882 TN 

- 101 -




Quercus coccinea Muenchh. 

scarlet oak 

N, P 

Hatch 9580 MS 

Quercus falcata Michx. southern red oak N, P Phillips 542a AL 

Quercus imbricaria Michx. shingle oak N, P Hatch 10060 MS 

Quercus laurifolia Michx. 1 laurel oak N, P 

Quercus lyrata Walt. overcup oak N, P Phillips 508 TN 

Quercus macrocarpa Michx. bur oak N, P Phillips 544a AL 

Quercus marilandica Muenchh. blackjack oak N, P Phillips 543a AL 

Quercus michauxii Nutt. swamp chestnut oak N, P Phillips 644 MS 

Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. chinkapin oak N, P Phillips 1207 MS 

Quercus nigra L. water oak N, P Phillips 557 AL 

Quercus pagoda Raf. cherrybark oak N, P Hatch 10061 MS 

Quercus palustris Muenchh. 2 in oak N, P 

Quercus phellos L. willow oak N, P Phillips 500 TN 

Quercus prinus L. 1 chestnut oak N, P 

Quercus rubra L. var. ambigua (Gray) Fern. 2 northern red oak N, P 

Quercus rubra L. var. rubra2 northern red oak N, P 

Quercus shumardii Buckl. 1 Shumard's oak N, P 

Quercus stellata Wangenh. post oak N, P Phillips 459 TN 

Quercus texana Buckley Texas oak N, P Hatch 9598 MS 

Quercus velutina Lam. black oak N, P Phillips 545 AL 

Quercus virginiana P. Mill. 1 live oak N, P 

- 102 -




FUMARIACEAE 

Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. pale corydalis N, A Phillips 743 TN 

Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex Gray) Gray subsp. australis (Chapman) 

G.B. Owenby2 smallflower fumewort N, A 

Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. 2 dutchman's breeches N, P 

GELSEMIACEAE 

Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) St. Hil. Carolina jessamine N, P Hatch 8770 MS 

GENTIANACEAE 

Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. twining screwstem N, A/B 

Bartonia virginica (L.) B.S.P. 2 yellow screwstem N, A 

Frasera caroliniensis Walt. 1 American columbo N, P 

Gentiana saponaria L. 1 harvestbells N, P 

Gentiana villosa L. 1 striped gentian N, P 

Obolaria virginica L. 1 Virginia pennywort N, P 

Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh. rosepink N, A Hatch 9675 MS 

Sabatia brachiata Ell. narrowleaf rose gentian N, B Phillips 1167 TN 

Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. 2 slender rose gentian N, P 

GERANIACEAE 

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér ex Ait. 2 redstem stork's bill I, A/B, W, IN 

Geranium bicknellii Britt. 2 Bicknell's cranesbill N, A/B 

- 103 -




Geranium carolinianum L. var. sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breitung2 Carolina geranium 

N, A/B 

Hatch 8738 MS 

Geranium dissectum L. cutleaf geranium I, A/B, W Phillips 804b TN 

Geranium maculatum L. spotted geranium N, P Phillips 865 TN 

Geranium molle L. dovefoot geranium I, A/B/P Phillips 805 TN 

Geranium pusillum L. small geranium I, A/B Phillips 777 AL 

GROSSULARIACEAE 

Itea virginica L. Virginia sweetspire N, P Kruse1397 MS 

HALORAGACEAE 

Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. 2 parrot feather watermilfoil I, P, W, IN 

Myriophyllum spicatum L. spike watermilfoil I, P, W, IN Phillips 602 MS 

Proserpinaca palustris L. 1 marsh mermaidweed N, P 

HAMAMELIDACEAE 

Fothergilla gardenii L. 2 dwarf witchalder N, P 

Hamamelis virginiana L. 1 American witchhazel N, P 

Liquidambar styraciflua L. sweetgum N, P Phillips 314 TN 

HIPPOCASTANACEAE 

Aesculus flava Ait. yellow buckeye N, P Hatch 9469 MS 

Aesculus glabra Willd. 2 Ohio buckeye N, P 

Aesculus pavia L. red buckeye N, P Hatch 8794 MS 

- 104 -




HYDRANGEACEAE 

Decumaria barbara L. woodvamp N, P Phillips 652 MS 

Hydrangea arborescens L. 1 wild hydrangea N, P 

Hydrangea cinerea Small1 ashy hydrangea N, P 

Hydrangea quercifolia Bartr. oakleaf hydrangea N, P Phillips 654 MS 

Hydrangea radiata Walt. silverleaf hydrangea N, P Phillips 471 TN 

Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt. 2 streambank mock orange N, P 

Philadelphus inodorus L. scentless mock orange N, P Hatch 9053 MS 

Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var. intectus (Beadle) A.H. Moore2 hoary mock orange N, P 

Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var. pubescens2 hoary mock orange N, P 

HYDROPHYLLACEAE 

Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy oval false fiddleleaf N, P Hatch 9612 MS 

Hydrolea quadrivalvis Walt. waterpod N, P Phillips 563 MS 

Hydrolea uniflora Raf. oneflower false fiddleleaf N, P Phillips 1212 MS 

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. great waterleaf N, B Phillips 851 TN 

Hydrophyllum canadense L. 2 bluntleaf waterleaf N, P 

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt. 1 largeleaf waterleaf N, P 

Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Shawnee salad N, P Phillips 903 TN 

Nemophila aphylla (L.) Brummitt small flowered baby blue eyes N, A Hatch 8785 MS 

Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx. fernleaf phacelia N, B Phillips 850 TN 

Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel. var. interior Fern. 2 interior phacelia N, A 

Phacelia purshii Buckl. Miami mist N, A Phillips 810 TN 

- 105 -




JUGLANDACEAE 

Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. mockernut hickory N, P Phillips 546 AL 

Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. water hickory N, P Hatch 9439 MS 

Carya carolinae-septentrionalis (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 1 southern shagbark hickory N, P 

Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch1 bitternut hickory N, P 

Carya glabra (P. Mill.) Sweet pignut hickory N, P Phillips 656 MS 

Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch pecan N, P Phillips 726 MS 

Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don shellbark hickory N, P Phillips 351 TN 

Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. 2 red hickory N, P 

Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch shagbark hickory N, P Phillips 889 TN 

Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 2 sand hickory N, P 

Juglans cinerea L. 1 butternut N, P, T (TN) 

Juglans nigra L. black walnut N, P Phillips 535 AL 

LAMIACEAE 

Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze2 yellow giant hyssop N, P 

Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth. 1 downy pagoda-plant N, P 

Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. 2 hairy pagoda-plant N, P 

Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi2 lesser calamint I, P 

Clinopodium glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze2 Ozark calamint N, P 

Collinsonia canadensis L. 1 richweed N, P 

Collinsonia tuberosa Michx. 2 deepwoods horsebalm N, P 

Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt. 1 common dittany N, P 

- 106 -




Glechoma hederacea L. 

ground ivy 

I, P, W, IN 

Phillips 770 AL 

Hedeoma hispida Pursh rough false pennyroyal N, A Hatch 9261 MS 

Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. 1 American false pennyroyal N, A 

Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit I, A, W, IN Phillips 744 TN 

Lamium purpureum L. purple dead nettle I, A, W, IN Phillips 740 TN 

Leonurus cardiaca L. 1 common motherwort I, P, W, IN 

Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart. 2 American water horehound N, P 

Lycopus rubellus Moench2 taperleaf water horehound N, P 

Lycopus virginicus L. 1 Virginia water horehound N, P 

Marrubium vulgare L. 2 horehound I, P 

Melissa officinalis L. 2 common balm I, P 

Mentha arvensis L. 2 wild mint N, P 

Mentha spicata L. spearmint I, P, W, IN Phillips 403 TN 

Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.) 2 [aquatica X spicata] I, P 

Monarda bradburiana Beck1 eastern beebalm N, P 

Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. lemon bee balm N, A/B/P Hatch 9457 MS 

Monarda clinopodia L. 2 white bergamot N, P 

Monarda fistulosa L. wild bergamot N, P Phillips 1135 TN 

Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims2 redpurple beebalm N, P 

Nepeta cataria L. 1 catnip I, P, W 

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. 1 beefsteakplant I, A, W, IN 

Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. subsp. praemorsa (Shinners) Cantino2 obedient plant N, P 

Prunella vulgaris L. common selfheal N, P, W, IN Phillips 301 TN 

- 107 -




Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & Gray 

whiteleaf mountainmint 

N, P 


Pycnanthemum curvipes (Greene) E. Grant & Epling2 stone mountainmint N, P 

Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) B.S.P. 1 Applachian mountainmint N, P 

Pycnanthemum loomisii Nutt. 1 Loomis' mountainmint N, P 

Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides (Leavenworth) Fern. 1 southern mountainmint N, P 

Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. narrowleaf mountianmint N, P Phillips 556 AL 

Salvia lyrata L. lyreleaf sage N, P, W Hatch 8727 MS 

Salvia officinalis L. 2 kitchen sage I, P 

Salvia reflexa Hornem. 2 lanceleaf sage N, A, W 

Salvia urticifolia L. 1 nettleleaf sage N, P 

Scutellaria bushii Britt. Bush's skullcap N, P Phillips 1144 MS 

Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng. var. hirsuta (Short & Peter) Fern. 2 hairy skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria incana Biehler var. australis (Epling) Collins hoary skullcap N, P Phillips 576 MS 

Scutellaria incana Biehler var. incana2 hoary skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria integrifolia L. helmetflower N, P Hatch 9294 MS 

Scutellaria lateriflora L. 1 blue skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria nervosa Pursh1 veiny skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria ovata Hill subsp. ovata2 heartleaf skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. australis Fassett2 small skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria siphocampyloides Vatke2 grayleaf skullcap N, P 

Stachys crenata Raf. 1 mousesear N, A/B/P 

Stachys cordata Riddell2 heartleaf hedgenettle N, P 

Stachys tenuifolia Willd. 1 smooth hedgenettle N, P 

- 108 -




Synandra hispidula (Michx.) Britt. 2 

Guyandotte beauty 

N, P 

Teucrium canadense L. Canada germander N, P, W Phillips 1144 TN 

Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. arcticus (Dur.) Jalas2 creeping thyme I, P 

Trichostema brachiatum L. 2 fluxweed N, A 

Trichostema dichotomum L. 1 forked bluecurls N, A 

LAURACEAE 

Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume northern spicebush N, P Phillips 412 TN 

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees sassafrasl N, P Phillips 343 TN 

LINACEAE 

Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. var. texanum (Planch.) Fern. stiff yellow flax N, A/P Hatch 9607b MS 

Linum striatum Walt. 1 ridged yellow flax N, P 

Linum sulcatum Riddell2 grooved flax N, A 

Linum usitatissimum L. 2 common flax I, A 

Linum virginianum L. woodland flax N, P Hatch 9678 MS 

LENTIBULARIACEAE 

Utricularia gibba L. conespur bladderwort N, A Hatch 8803 MS 

LOGANIACEAE 

Spigelia marilandica (L.) L. woodland pinkroot N, P Hatch 9425 MS 

- 109 -




LYTHRACEAE 

Ammannia coccinea Rottb. purple ammannia N, A, W Phillips 598 MS 

Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. 2 Colombian waxweed I, A/P 

Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. blue waxweed N, A Hatch 9941 MS 

Lagerstroemia indica L. crapemyrtle I, P, W, IN Hatch9819a MS 

Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum (Ell.) Torr. & Gray ex Rothrock1 winged lythrum N, P 

Lythrum lineare L. wand lythrum N, P Hatch9735 MS 

Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne2 lowland rotala N, A, W 

MAGNOLIACEAE 

Liriodendron tulipifera L. tulip poplar N, P Phillips 317 TN 

Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. cucumber tree N, P Hatch 9101 MS 

Magnolia grandiflora L. magnolia N, P Phillips 675 MS 

Magnolia macrophylla Michx. 1 bigleaf magnolia N, P 

Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. 2 umbrella-tree N, P 

Magnolia virginiana L. 1 sweetbay N, P 

MALVACEAE 

Abutilon theophrasti Medik. 1 velvetleaf I, A, W, IN 

Alcea rosea L. 2 hollyhock I, B/P 

Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray2 light poppymallow N, P 

Gossypium hirsutum L. var. hirsutum1 upland cotton N, A/P, W 

Hibiscus laevis All. 2 halberdleaf rosemallow N, P 

- 110 -




Hibiscus moscheutos L. subsp. moscheutos 

crimson-eyed rose mallow 

N, P 


Hibiscus moscheutos L. var. lasiocarpos (Cav.) O.J. Blanchard crimson-eyed rose mallow N, P Hatch 9752 MS 

Hibiscus syriacus L. 1 rose of Sharon I, P 

Malva neglecta Wallr. 2 common mallow I, A/B/P, W, IN 

Malva pusilla Sm. 2 low mallow I, A/B 

Malva sylvestris L. 2 high mallow I, A/B/P 

Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr. 2 hispid false mallow N, A 

Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don Carolina bristlemallow N, A/B/P Hatch 9094a MS 

Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray2 Elliot's fanpetals N, P 

Sida rhombifolia L. cuban jute N, A/P, W Hatch 9777 MS 

Sida spinosa L. prickly fan petals N, A/P, W Phillips 732 MS 

MELIACEAE 

Melia azedarach L. Chinaberrytree I, P, W, IN Phillips 724 MS 

MELASTOMATACEAE 

Rhexia mariana L. var. interior (Pennell) Kral & Bostick Maryland's meadowbeauty N, P Phillips 438 TN 

Rhexia mariana L. var. mariana2 Maryland's meadowbeauty N, P 

Rhexia virginica L. 2 handsome Harry N, P 

MENISPERMACEAE 

Calycocarpum lyonii (Pursh) Gray1 cupseed N, P 

Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Carolina coralbead N, P, W Hatch 9560 MS 

- 111 -




Menispermum canadense L. 2 

common moonseed N, P 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Mollugo verticillata L. green carpetweed N, A, W Phillips 596 MS 

MONOTROPACEAE 

Monotropa hypopithys L. 1 pinesap N, P 

Monotropa uniflora L. Indianpipe N, P Kruse1554 MS 

MORACEAE 

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér ex Vent2 paper mulberry I, P, W, IN 

Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai2 hairy crabweed I, A, W 

Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. osage orange N, P, W, IN Phillips 452 TN 

Morus alba L. white mulberry I, P, W, IN Phillips 350 TN 

Morus rubra L. red mulberry N, P Hatch 9798 MS 

MYRICACEAE 

Morella cerifera (L.) Small wax myrtle N, P Phillips 736 

NAJADACEAE 

Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus2 souther waternymph N, A 

Najas minor All. 2 brittle waternymph I, A 

- 112 - 

MS




NELUMBONACEAE 

Nelumbo lutea Willd. American lotus N, P Phillips 564 MS 

NYCTAGINACEAE 

Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. 2 heartleaf four o'clock N, P, W 

NYMPHAEACEAE 

Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. yellow cowlily N, P Phillips 564 MS 

Nymphaea odorata Ait. American waterlily N, P, W, IN Phillips 695 MS 

NYSSACEAE 

Nyssa aquatica L. water tupelo N, P Phillips 702 MS 

Nyssa biflora Walt. 1 swamp tupelo N, P 

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. blackgum N, P Phillips 649 MS 

OLEACEAE 

Chionanthus virginicus L. white fringetree N, P Phillips 693 MS 

Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. 2 eastern swampprivet N, P 

Forestiera ligustrina (Michx.) Poir. 2 upland swampprivet N, P 

Forsythia viridissima Lindl. 2 greenstem forsythia I, P 

Fraxinus americana L. white ash N, P Phillips 370 TN 

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. green ash N, P Phillips 647 MS 

Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush pumpkin ash N, P Hatch 9448 MS 

- 113 -




Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. 2 

blue ash 

N, P 

Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. 2 Japanese privet I, P, W, IN 

Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet I, P, W, IN Phillips 574 MS 

Ligustrum vulgare L. European privet I, P Phillips 349 TN 

ONAGRACEAE 

Circaea lutetiana L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus1 broadleaf enchanter's nightshade N, P 

Epilobium coloratum Biehler2 purpleleaf willowherb N, P 

Gaura angustifolia Michx. southern beeblossom N, A Phillips 659 MS 

Gaura biennis L. 2 biennial beeblossom N, B 

Gaura filipes Spach1 slenderstalk beeblossom N, P 

Gaura longiflora Spach longflower beeblossom N, P Phillips 617 MS 

Ludwigia alternifolia L. seedbox N, P Phillips 464 TN 

Ludwigia decurrens Walt. wingleaf waterprimrose N, P, W Phillips 603 MS 

Ludwigia hirtella Raf. spindleroot N, P Hatch 9677 MS 

Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara anglestem primrose-willow N, A/P Hatch 9998 MS 

Ludwigia microcarpa Michx. 2 smallfruit primrose-willow N, P 

Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. marsh primrose-willow N, P Hatch 9185 MS 

Ludwigia peploides (Kuntze) Raven subsp. glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven floating primrose-willow N, P, W Hatch 9472 MS 

Ludwigia repens J. R. Forst. creeping primrose-willow N, P Phillips 537 AL 

Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. globefruit primrose-willow N, P Phillips 604 MS 

Ludwigia virgata Michx. savannah primrose-willow N, P Phillips 630 MS 

Oenothera biennis L. common evening primrose N, P, W Phillips 306 TN 

- 114 -




Oenothera fruticosa L. subsp. fruticosa1 narrowleaf evening primrose N, P 

Oenothera fruticosa L. subsp. glauca (Michx.) Straley1 narrowleaf evening primrose N, P 

Oenothera laciniata Hill. cutleaf evening primrose N, A/P Hatch 9137 MS 

Oenothera linifolia Hill. threadleaf evening primrose N, A Phillips 982 MS 

Oenothera pilosella Raf. 1 meadow evening primrose N, P 

Oenothera speciosa Nutt. showy evening primrose N, P, W Hatch 9268 MS 

Oenothera triloba Nutt. 2 stemless evening primrose N, A/B 

OROBANCHACEAE 

Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. 1 American cancer-root N, P 

Epifagus virginiana (L.) W. Bart. beechdrops N, A Kruse 1559a MS 

Orobanche uniflora L. 2 oneflowered broomrape N, A 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis corniculata L. creeping woodsorrel N, A/P Phillips 1193 AL 

Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 2 slender yellow woodsorrel N, P 

Oxalis grandis Small2 great yellow woodsorrel N, A 

Oxalis priceae Small2 tufted yellow woodsorrel N, P 

Oxalis rubra St.-Hil. windowbox woodsorrel I, P Hatch 9103 MS 

Oxalis stricta L. common yellow oxalis N, P, W, IN Phillips 323 TN 

Oxalis violacea L. violet woodsorrel N, P Hatch 8732 MS 

- 115 -




PAPAVERACEAE 

Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. 2 plume poppy I, P 

Papaver dubium L. 2 blindeyes I, A 

Sanguinaria canadensis L. bloodroot N, P Hatch 8808 MS 

Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 2 celadine poppy N, P 

PASSIFLORACEAE 

Passiflora edulis Sims2 purple granadilla I, P 

Passiflora incarnata L. purple passionflower N, P, W Phillips 307 TN 

Passiflora lutea L. 2 yellow passionflower N, P, W 

PEDALIACEAE 

Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung2 ram's horn N, A, W, IN 

PHYTOLACCACEAE 

Phytolacca americana L. American pokeweed N, P, W Phillips 304 TN 

PLANTAGINACEAE 

Plantago aristata Michx. largebracted plantain N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 9639 MS 

Plantago lanceolata L. lanceleaf plantain I, A/B/P, W, IN Phillips 320 TN 

Plantago major L. common plantain N, P, W, IN Hatch 9567 MS 

Plantago patagonica Jacq. 2 woolly plantain N, A 

Plantago pusilla Nutt. 2 dwarf plantain N, A 

- 116 -




Plantago rhodosperma Dcne. 

redseed plantain 

N, A 

Hatch 8766 MS 

Plantago rugelii Dcne. 2 blackseed plantain N, P 

Plantago virginica L. Virginia plantain N, A/B Hatch 9219 MS 

PLATANACEAE 

Platanus occidentalis L. American sycamore N, P Phillips 367 TN 

PODOSTEMACEAE 

Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. 2 hornleaf riverweed N, P 

POLEMONIACEAE 

Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. 2 needleleaf navarretia N, A 

Phlox amoena Sims hairy phlox N, P Phillips 852 TN 

Phlox amplifolia Britt. 2 largeleaf phlox N, P 

Phlox bifida Beck subsp. stellaria (Gray) Wherry2 cleft phlox N, P 

Phlox carolina L. thickleaf phlox N, P Hatch 8743b MS 

Phlox divaricata L. 1 wild blue phlox N, P 

Phlox glaberrima L. smooth phlox N, P Phillips 515 TN 

Phlox maculata L. 2 wild sweetwilliam N, P 

Phlox paniculata L. 2 fall phlox N, P 

Phlox pilosa L. subsp. pilosa1 downy phlox N, P 

Polemonium reptans L. Greek valerian N, P Phillips 902 TN 

- 117 -




POLYGALACEAE 

Polygala ambigua Nutt. 1 whorled milkwort N, A 

Polygala boykinii Nutt. 1 Boykin's milkwort N, A 

Polygala cruciata L. 1 drumheads N, A 

Polygala curtissii Gray Curtiss' milkwort N, A Phillips 1182 TN 

Polygala incarnata L. procession flower N, A Phillips 674 MS 

Polygala mariana P. Mill. 1 Maryland milkwort N, A 

Polygala nana (Michx.) DC. candyroot N, A Hatch 9358 MS 

Polygala nuttallii Torr. & Gray2 Nuttall's milkwort N, A 

Polygala polygama Walt. 1 racemed milkwort N, B 

Polygala sanguinea L. purple milkwort N, A Hatch 9615 MS 

Polygala senega L. 1 Seneca snakeroot N, P 

Polygala verticillata L. var. verticillata2 whorled milkwort N, A 

POLYGONACEAE 

Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners American buckwheat vine N, P, W Phillips 592 MS 

Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. var. harperi (Goodman) Reveal2 Harper's buckwheat N, P 

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench2 buckwheat I, A 

Polygonum aviculare L. prostrate knotweed I, A, W Phillips 456 TN 

Polygonum cespitosum Blume var. longisetum (de Bruyn) A.N. Steward2 Oriental ladysthumb N, A 

Polygonum cilinode Michx. 2 fringed black bindweed N, P 

Polygonum convolvulus L. 2 black bindweed I, A, W 

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. 2 Japanese knotweed I, P, W, IN 

- 118 -




Polygonum glabrum Willd. 

denseflower knotweed 

N, A/P 

Hatch 9254 MS 

Polygonum erectum L. 2 erect knotweed N, A 

Polygonum hirsutum Walt. hairy smartweed N, P Hatch 9715 MS 

Polygonum hydropiper L. marshpepper knotweed I, A Phillips 420 TN 

Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. swamp smartweed N, P Phillips 310 TN 

Polygonum lapathifolium L. curlytop knotweed N, A, W Hatch 9955 MS 

Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Pennsylvania knotweed N, A, W Phillips 591 MS 

Polygonum persicaria L. 2 spotted ladysthumb I, A/P, W, IN 

Polygonum punctatum Ell. 1 dotted ladysthumb N, A/P 

Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small2 bushy knotweed N, A 

Polygonum sagittatum L. arrowleaf heartthumb I, A/P Phillips 1235 MS 

Polygonum scandens L. (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason2 var. cristatum (Engelm. 

& Gray) Gleason2 climbing false buckwheat N, P 

Polygonum scandens L. (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason var. dumetorum (L.) 

climbing false buckwheat N, P 

Gleason 1 

Polygonum virginianum L. jumpseed N, A/P Phillips 347 TN 

Rumex acetosella L. 1 common sheep sorrell I, P, W 

Rumex altissimus Wood pale dock N, P Phillips 914 TN 

Rumex chrysocarpus Moris2 amamastla N, P 

Rumex conglomeratus Murr. 2 clustered dock I, P 

Rumex crispus L. curly dock I, P, W Hatch 9131 MS 

Rumex hastatulus Baldw. heartwing sorrel N, P Phillips 837 TN 

Rumex obtusifolius L. 2 bitter dock I, P, W 

- 119 -




Rumex patientia L. 1 

patience dock 

I, P 

Rumex pulcher L. fiddle dock I, P Hatch 9221 MS 

Rumex verticillatus L. 2 swamp dock N, P 

PORTULACACEAE 

Claytonia virginica L. spring beauty N, P Phillips 750 TN 

Montia linearis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene2 narrowleaf minerslettuce N, A 

Phemeranthus calcaricus (Ware) Kiger2 limestone fameflower N, P 

Portulaca oleracea L. 2 little hogweed I, A, W, IN 

PRIMULACEAE 

Anagallis arvensis L. 1 scarlet pimpernel I, A/B 

Anagallis minima (L.) Krause2 chaffweed N, A 

Dodecatheon frenchii (Vasey) Rydb. 2 French's shootingstar N, P 

Dodecatheon meadia L. 2 pride of Ohio N, P 

Lysimachia ciliata L. fringed loosestrife N, P Phillips 1157 TN 

Lysimachia hybrida Michx. 1 lowland yellow loosestrife N, P 

Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. lanceleaf loosestrife N, P Phillips 1186 TN 

Lysimachia nummularia L. 2 creeping jenny I, P 

Lysimachia quadrifolia L. 1 whorled yellow loosestrife N, P 

Lysimachia radicans Hook. trailing yellow loosestrife N, P Hatch 9746 MS 

Samolus valerandi L. subsp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén2 seaside brookweed N, P 

- 120 -




PYROLACEAE 

Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh spotted wintergreen N, P Phillips 1124 TN 

RANUNCULACEAE 

Aconitum uncinatum L. 2 southern mock monkshood N, P 

Actaea pachypoda Ell. 1 white baneberry N, P 

Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa1 black bugbane N, P 

Actaea rubifolia (Kearny) Kartesz2 Appalachian bugbane N, P 

Adonis annua L. 2 blooddrops I, A 

Anemone caroliniana Walt. 2 Carolina anemone N, P 

Anemone quinquefolia L. 1 wood anemone N, P 

Anemone virginiana L. 1 tall thimbleweed N, P 

Aquilegia canadensis L. 2 red columbine N, P 

Clematis catesbyana Pursh2 satincurls N, P 

Clematis crispa L. 2 swamp leather flower N, P 

Clematis terniflora DC. 2 sweet autumn virginsbower I, P 

Clematis versicolor Small ex Rydb. 2 pale leather flower N, P 

Clematis viorna L. 1 vasevine N, P 

Clematis virginiana L. virgin's bower N, P Phillips 300 TN 

Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur2 doubtful knight's-spur I, A 

Delphinium alabamicum Kral2 Alabama larkspur N, P, END 

Delphinium carolinianum Walt. subsp. calciphilum Warnock2 Carolina larkspur N, P 

Delphinium tricorne Michx. 1 dwarf larkspur N, P 

- 121 -




Enemion biternatum Raf. 

eastern false rue anemone 

N, P 


Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark sharplobed hepatica N, P Phillips 760 TN 

Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark2 roundlobe hepatica N, P 

Hydrastis canadensis L. 1 goldenseal N, P, R (TN) 

Myosurus minimus L. 2 tiny mousetail N, A, W 

Nigella damascena L. 2 devil in the bush I, A 

Ranunculus abortivus L. 1 littleleaf buttercup N, B/P 

Ranunculus acris L. tall buttercup N/I, P Phillips 1020 MS 

Ranunculus bulbosus L. bulbous buttercup I, P Phillips 298 TN 

Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow early buttercup N, P Hatch 8736 MS 

Ranunculus harveyi (Gray) Britt. 2 Harvey's buttercup N, P 

Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan2 bristly buttercup N, P 

Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 2 longbeak buttercup N, P 

Ranunculus macranthus Scheele showy buttercup N, P Phillips 782 MS 

Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. rock buttercup N, P Phillips 746 TN 

Ranunculus muricatus L. 1 spinyfruit buttercup I, A/B/P 

Ranunculus parviflorus L. smallflower buttercup I, A Hatch 8784 MS 

Ranunculus pusillus Poir. weak buttercup N, A Hatch 8769 MS 

Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. blisterwort N, P Phillips 954 TN 

Ranunculus sardous Crantz hairy buttercup I, A/B/P, W Hatch 8692 MS 

Ranunculus sceleratus L. celeryleaf buttercup N, A Hatch 8692 MS 

Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lal purple meadowrue N, P Phillips 361 TN 

Thalictrum dioicum L. early meadowrue N, P Hatch 9323 MS 

- 122 -




Thalictrum pubescens Pursh2 king of the meadow 

N, P 

Thalictrum revolutum DC. waxyleaf meadowrue N, P Hatch 9330 MS 

Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivins rue anemone N, P Phillips 813 TN 

Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walt.) Vail2 Carolina bugbane N, P 

Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh. 1 yellowroot N, P 

RHAMNACEAE 

Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch Alabama supplejack N, P Phillips 643 MS 

Ceanothus americanus L. 1 New Jersey tea N, P 

Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray Carolina buckthorn N, P, W, IN Phillips 723 MS 

Rhamnus alnifolia L'Hér alderleaf buckthorn N, P Hatch 10068 MS 

Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh2 lanceleaf buckthorn N, P 

ROSACEAE 

Agrimonia parviflora Ait. 1 harvestlice N, P 

Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. groovebur N, P Phillips 687 MS 

Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. woodland groovebur N, P Phillips 489 TN 

Agrimonia striata Michx. 1 roadside agrimony N, P 

Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. 1 common serviceberry N, P 

Amelanchier laevis Wieg. 2 Allegheny serviceberry N, P 

Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. & Reut.) Rothm. 2 slender parsley piert I, A 

Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. pubescens (Rydb.) Fern. 1 bride's feathers N, P 

Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara1 bride's feathers I, P 

- 123 -




Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik. 2 

pear hawthorn 

N, P 

Crataegus crus-galli L. 1 cockspur hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus harbisonii Beadle2 Harbison's hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus intricata Lange2 Copenhagen hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus macrosperma Ashe2 bigfruit hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus marshallii Egglest. parsley hawthorn N, P Hatch 9307 MS 

Crataegus mollis Scheele2 downy hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. 1 scarlet hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Medik. 2 Washington hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch1 waxyfruit hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus punctata Jacq. dotted hawthorn N, P Phillips 650 MS 

Crataegus spathulata Michx. littlehip hawthorn N, P Phillips 673 MS 

Crataegus triflora Chapman2 threeflower hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus uniflora Muenchh. 2 dwarf hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus viridis L. 1 green hawthorn N, P 

Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Indian strawberry I, P, W, IN Phillips 529 AL 

Fragaria virginiana Duchesne2 Virginia strawberry N, P 

Geum aleppicum Jacq. 1 yellow avens N, P 

Geum canadense Jacq. 1 white avens N, P 

Geum laciniatum Murr. rough avens N, P Hatch 9148 MS 

Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray spring avens N, P Phillips 796 TN 

Geum virginianum L. 2 cream avens N, P 

Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baill. 1 Indian physic N, P 

- 124 -




Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. 1 

southern crabapple 

N, P 

Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. 2 sweet crabapple N, P 

Malus pumila P. Mill. 2 paradise apple I, P 

Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Robertson & Phipps1 red chokeberry N, P 

Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. 2 common ninebark N, P 

Potentilla canadensis L. 1 dwarf cinquefoil N, P 

Potentilla intermedia L. 2 downy cinquefoil I, P 

Potentilla norvegica L. subsp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn. 1 Norwegian cinquefoil N, A/B/P 

Potentilla recta L. 1 sulfur cinquefoil I, P, W, IN 

Potentilla simplex Michx. common cinquefoil N, P Hatch 9432 MS 

Prunus americana Marsh. 1 American plum N, P 

Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw plum N, P Phillips 503 TN 

Prunus caroliniana Ait. Carolina laurelcherry N, P Hatch 8737 MS 

Prunus hortulana Bailey2 hortulan plum N, P 

Prunus mahaleb L. 2 Mahaleb cherry I, P, W, IN 

Prunus mexicana S. Wats. 1 Mexican plum N, P 

Prunus munsoniana W. Wight & Hedrick1 wild goose plum N, P 

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch2 peach I, P 

Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina2 black cherry N, P 

Prunus umbellata Ell. hog plum N, P Phillips 504 TN 

Pyrus calleryana Dcne. Callery pear I, P, W, IN Phillips 764 AL 

Pyrus communis L. 2 common pear I, P, W, IN 

Rosa bracteata J.C. Wendl. McCartney rose I, P, W, IN Hatch 9754b MS 

- 125 -




Rosa canina L. 2 

dog rose 

I, P 

Rosa carolina L. Carolina rose N, P Hatch 9193 MS 

Rosa eglanteria L. 2 sweetbriar rose I, P 

Rosa laevigata Michx. 1 Cherokee rose I, P 

Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. multiflower rose I, P, W, IN Phillips 952 TN 

Rosa palustris Marsh. 1 swamp rose N, P 

Rosa setigera Michx. 1 climbing rose N, P 

Rosa virginiana P. Mill. Virginia rose N, P Phillips 951 TN 

Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex L.H. Bailey Allegheny blackberry N, P Hatch 9060 MS 

Rubus argutus Link1 sawtooth blackberry N, P, W, IN 

Rubus bifrons Vest ex Tratt. 2 Himalayan berry I, P 

Rubus cuneifolius Pursh1 sand blackberry N, P 

Rubus flagellaris Willd. northern dewberry N, P Phillips 1018 MS 

Rubus occidentalis L. 2 black raspberry N, P 

Rubus trivialis Michx. southern dewberry N, P, W Hatch 8751 MS 

Spiraea japonica L. f. 2 Japanese meadowsweet I, P, W, IN 

Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. 2 Appalachian barren strawberry N, P 

RUBIACEAE 

Cephalanthus occidentalis L. buttonbush N, P Phillips 443 TN 

Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. 2 piedmont bedstraw I, A 

Diodia teres Walt. var. teres poor joe N, P Phillips 660 MS 

Diodia virginiana L. Virginia buttonweed N, P, W Phillips 526 AL 

- 126 -




Galium aparine L. 

stickywilly 

N, A, W, IN 


Galium circaezans Michx. licorice bedstraw N, P Phillips 848 TN 

Galium concinnum Torr. & Gray2 shining bedstraw N, P 

Galium divaricatum Pourret ex Lam. 2 Lamarck's bedstraw I, A 

Galium mollugo L. 2 false baby's breath I, P 

Galium obtusum Bigelow bluntleaf bedstraw N, P Hatch 9365 MS 

Galium pilosum Ait. 1 hairy bedstraw N, P 

Galium tinctorium L. 1 stiff marsh bedstraw N, P 

Galium triflorum Michx. 1 fragrant bedstraw N, P 

Galium virgatum Nutt. 2 southwestern bedstraw N, A 

Houstonia caerulea L. azure bluets N, P Hatch 8745 MS 

Houstonia canadensis Willd. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes2 Canadian summer bluet N, P 

Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. 2 longleaf summer bluet N, P 

Houstonia micrantha (Shinners) Terrell4 southern bluet N, A 

Houstonia purpurea L. var. calycosa Gray1 Venus' pride N, P 

Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea2 Venus' pride N, P Phillips 973 AL 

Houstonia pusilla Schoepf tiny bluet N, A Phillips 756 TN 

Mitchella repens L. partridgeberry N, P Phillips 511 TN 

Oldenlandia uniflora L. 1 clustered mille graines N, A 

Sherardia arvensis L. blue field-madder I, A Hatch 8717 MS 

Spermacoce glabra Michx. 1 smooth false buttonweed N, P 

Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell var. nigricans2 diamondflowers N, P 

- 127 -




RUTACEAE 

Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. hardy orange I, P, W, IN Hatch 9054 MS 

Ptelea trifoliata L. 2 common hoptree N, P 

Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. 2 common pricklyash N, P 

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. toothache tree N, P Hatch 9197 MS 

SALICACEAE 

Populus alba L. 2 white poplar I, P, W, IN 

Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm. (pro sp.) 2 [alba x tremula] I, P 

Populus deltoides Bertran ex Marsh. cottonwood N,P Phillips 391 TN 

Populus grandidentata Michx. 2 bigtooth aspen N, P 

Populus heterophylla L. 1 swamp cottonwood N, P 

Salix caroliniana Michx. coastal plain willow N, P Phillips 390 TN 

Salix cinerea L. 2 large gray willow I, P 

Salix eriocephala Michx. 2 Missouri river willow N, P 

Salix humilis Marsh. var. humilis2 prairie willow N, P 

Salix humilis Marsh. var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs1 prairie willow N, P 

Salix interior Rowlee2 sandbar willow N, P 

Salix nigra Marsh. black willow N, P Phillips 312 TN 

Salix x pendulina Wenderoth2 [fragilis x ?sepulcralis] I, P 

Salix x sepulcralis Simonkai2 [alba x ?pendulina] I, P 

Salix sericea Marsh. 2 silky willow N, P 

- 128 -




SANTALACEAE 

Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. 2 bastard toadflax N, P 

SAPINDACEAE 

Cardiospermum halicacabum L. 2 love in a puff N, A/B/P, W, IN 

Sapindus saponaria L. var. saponaria2 wingleaf soapberry N, P 

SAPOTACEAE 

Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. subsp. lanuginosum2 gum bully N, P 

Sideroxylon lycioides L. 1 buckthorn bully N, P 

SAURURACEAE 

Saururus cernuus L. lizard's tail N, P, W Hatch 9331 MS 

SAXIFRAGACEAE 

Heuchera americana L. American alumroot N, P Phillips 955 TN 

Heuchera parviflora Bartl. var. parviflora2 littleflower alumroot N, P 

Heuchera villosa Michx. var. villosa1 hairy alumroot N, P 

Mitella diphylla L. 2 twoleaf miterwort N, P 

Parnassia caroliniana Michx. 1 Carolina grass of Parnassus N, P 

Parnassia grandifolia DC. 1 largeleaf grass of Parnassus N, P, R (TN) 

Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. early saxifrage N, P Phillips 754 TN 

Tiarella cordifolia L. heartleaf foamflower N, P Phillips 862 TN 

- 129 -




SCROPHULARIACEAE 

Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. beach false foxglove N, A Hatch 10004 MS 

Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small1 roundstem false foxglove N, A 

Agalinis heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex Britt. 1 prairie false foxglove N, A 

Agalinis obtusifolia Raf. 1 tenlobe false foxglove N, A 

Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell purple false foxglove N, A Hatch 9926 MS 

Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. tenuifolia1 slenderleaf false foxglove N, A 

Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. flava1 smooth yellow false foxglove N, P 

Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. macrantha Pennell1 smooth yellow false foxglove N, P 

Aureolaria patula (Chapman) Pennell2 spreading yellow false foxglove N, P 

Aureolaria pectinata (Nutt.) Pennell1 combleaf yellow false foxglove N, A 

Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. var. pedicularia1 fernleaf yellow false foxglove N, A 

Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell1 downy yellow false foxglove N, P 

Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. 2 disk waterhyssop N, P, W 

Buchnera americana L. American bluehearts N, P Phillips 663 MS 

Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. scarlet Indian paintbrush N, A Phillips 898 TN 

Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange2 dwarf snapdragon I, A 

Chelone glabra L. white turtlehead N, P Phillips 1248 TN 

Chelone obliqua L. 1 red turtlehead N, P 

Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. mullien foxglove N, A Phillips 1160 TN 

Gratiola neglecta Torr. clammy hedgehyssop N, A Phillips 683 MS 

Gratiola virginiana L. 1 roundfruit hedgehyssop N, A/B 

Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. 2 sharpleaf cancerwort I, A 

- 130 -




Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. 2 

roundleaf cancerwort 

I, A 

Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. 2 narrowleaf paleseed N, A 

Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. 1 butter and eggs I, P, W, IN 

Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperrider false pimpernel N, A Phillips 601 MS 

Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia1 yellowseed false pimpernel N, A/B 

Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis Japanese mazus I, A Hatch 8762 MS 

Mecardonia acuminata (Walt.) Small var. acuminata1 axilflower N, P 

Melampyrum lineare Desr. 2 narrowleaf cowwheat N, A 

Mimulus alatus Ait. sharpwing monkeyflower N, P Phillips 636 MS 

Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton Canada toadflax N, A/B, W Hatch 8760 MS 

Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton1 Texas toadflax N, A/B 

Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. princess tree I, P Phillips 413 TN 

Pedicularis canadensis L. Canadian louseweed N, P Phillips 861 TN 

Penstemon alluviorum Pennell1 lowland beardtongue N, P 

Penstemon calycosus Small1 longsepal beardtongue N, P 

Penstemon canescens (Britt.) Britt. 2 eastern gray beardtongue N, P 

Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims talus slope penstemon N, P Phillips 1019 MS 

Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. 1 hairy beardtongue N, P 

Penstemon laevigatus Ait. eastern smooth beardtongue N, P Hatch 9734 MS 

Penstemon tenuiflorus Pennell1 eastern whiteflower beardtongue N, P 

Scrophularia marilandica L. 2 carpenter's square N, P 

Verbascum blattaria L. moth mullien I, B, W Phillips 1175 TN 

Verbascum thapsus L. common mullien I, B, W, IN Phillips 1147 TN 

- 131 -




Veronica agrestis L. 2 

green field speedwell 

I, A 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. 2 water speedwell N, B/P 

Veronica arvensis L. common speedwell I, A Phillips 772 AL 

Veronica hederifolia L. 2 ivyleaf speedwell I, A 

Veronica peregrina L. 1 neckweed N, A 

Veronica persica Poir. 2 birdeye speedwell I, A 

Veronica polita Fries gray field speedwell I, A Phillips 741 TN 

Veronica serpyllifolia L. 2 thymeleaf speedwell N/I, P, W, IN 

Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. 1 Culver's root N, P 

SIMAROUBACEAE 

Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle tree of heaven I, P 

SOLANACEAE 

Datura stramonium L. jimsonweed I, A, W, IN Phillips 1187 TN 

Lycium barbarum L. 2 matrimony vine I, P 

Nicandra physalodes (L.) Pers. apple of Peru I, A, W Phillips 589 MS 

Physalis angulata L. cutleaf ground cherry N, A, W Hatch 9793 MS 

Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) A.S. Hitchc. 2 smallflower groundcherry N, P 

Physalis cordata P. Mill. 2 heartleaf groundcherry N, A 

Physalis heterophylla Nees2 clammy groundcherry N, P, W 

Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Cronq. 2 longleaf groundcherry N, P, W 

Physalis pubescens L. var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall2 husk tomato N, A 

- 132 -




Physalis virginiana P. Mill. 2 

Virginia groundcherry 

N, P 

Solanum carolinense L. Carolina horsenettle N, P, W, IN Phillips 362 TN 

Solanum dulcamara L. 2 climbing nightshade I, P, W, IN 

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. silverleaf nightshade N, P, W, IN Hatch 9967 MS 

Solanum nigrum L. 1 black nightshade I, A/P, W 

Solanum ptychanthum Dunal2 West Indian nightshade N, A, W, IN 

Solanum rostratum Dunal2 buffalobur nightshade N, A, W, IN 

Solanum triflorum Nutt. 2 cutleaf nightshade N, A, W 

SPARGANIACEAE 

Sparganium americanum Nutt. American bur-reed N, P Kruse 1398 MS 

STAPHYLEACEAE 

Staphylea trifolia L. American bladdernut N, P Phillips 970 AL 

STYRACACEAE 

Halesia diptera Ell. twowing silverbell N, P Phillips 697 MS 

Styrax americanus Lam. 1 American snowbell N, P 

Styrax grandifolius Ait. bigleaf snowbell N, P Phillips 487 TN 

SYMPLOCACEAE 

Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Hér. 1 common sweetleaf N, P 

- 133 -




THEACEAE 

Stewartia ovata (Cav.) Weatherby mountain camellia N, P Hatch 9447 MS 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Dirca palustris L. 2 eastern leatherwood N, P 

TILIACEAE 

Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud. 2 American basswood N, P 

ULMACEAE 

Celtis laevigata Willd. sugarberry N, P Phillips 648 MS 

Celtis occidentalis L. common hackberry N, P Phillips 324 TN 

Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. 1 dwarf hackberry N, P 

Ulmus alata Michx. winged elm N, P Phillips 450 TN 

Ulmus americana L. American elm N, P 

Ulmus pumila L. 2 Siberian elm I, P, W, IN 

Ulmus rubra Muhl. slippery elm N, P Phillips 410 TN 

Ulmus serotina Sarg. 3 September elm N, P 

Ulmus thomasii Sarg. rock elm N, P Phillips 645 MS 

URTICACEAE 

Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. smallspike falsenettle N, P Phillips 532 AL 

Boehmeria nivea (L.) Kunze Chinese grass I, P Hatch 9767 MS 

- 134 -




Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell1 Carolina woodnettle 

N, P 

Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 2 Pennsylvania pellitory N, A 

Pilea pumila (L.) Gray Canada clearweed N, A Phillips 480 TN 

Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh heartleaf nettle N, A Phillips 448 TN 

VALERIANACEAE 

Valeriana pauciflora Michx. 2 largeflower valerian N, P 

Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich2 narrowfruit cornsalad I, A 

Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat. 2 Lewiston cornsalad I, A 

Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. beaked cornsalad N, A, W Phillips 776 AL 

Valerianella umbilicata (Sullivant) Wood2 navel cornsalad N, A 

VERBENACEAE 

Callicarpa americana L. American beautyberry N, P Phillips 540b AL 

Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 1 rose mock vervain N, P 

Phryma leptostachya L. American lopseed N, P Phillips 1161 TN 

Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene lanceleaf frogfruit N, P Phillips 597 MS 

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene sawtooth frogfruit N, P Phillips 616 MS 

Verbena bonariensis L. 1 purpletop vervain I, A/B/P 

Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Brazilian vervain I, A, W, IN Phillips 619 MS 

Verbena halei Small1 Texas vervain N, P 

Verbena rigida Spreng. tuberous vervain I, P Hatch 9116 MS 

Verbena simplex Lehm. narrowleaf vervain N, P Phillips 525 AL 

- 135 -




Verbena urticifolia L. var. urticifolia 

white vervain 

N, A 

Verbena xutha Lehm. 1 Gulf vervain N, A 

Vitex agnus-castus L. 2 lilac chastetree I, P 

- 136 - 

Phillips 325 

VIOLACEAE 

Hybanthus concolor (T.F. Forst.) Spreng. 2 eastern greenviolet N, P 

Viola affinis Le Conte sand violet N, P Phillips 763 AL 

Viola arvensis Murr. 2 European field pansy I, A, W 

Viola bicolor Pursh field pansy N, A Phillips 742 TN 

Viola blanda Willd. var. palustriformis Gray1 sweet white violet N, P 

Viola labradorica Schrank American dog violet N, P Hatch 8746 MS 

Viola cucullata Ait. marsh blue violet N, P Phillips 773 AL 

Viola egglestonii Brainerd2 glade violet N, P 

Viola hastata Michx. 1 halberdleaf yellow violet N, P 

Viola hirsutula Brainerd1 southern woodland violet N, P 

Viola missouriensis Greene2 Missouri violet N, A/P 

Viola x palmata L. (pro sp.) 1 [brittoniana or pedatifida x affinis or s N, P 

Viola pedata L. birdfoot violet N, P Phillips 913 TN 

Viola x primulifolia L. (pro sp.) 1 [lanceolata × macloskeyi] N, P 

Viola pubescens Ait. var. pubescens1 downy yellow violet N, P 

Viola rostrata Pursh2 longspur violet N, P 

Viola rotundifolia Michx. roundleaf yellow violet N, P Phillips 858 TN 

Viola sagittata Ait. var. sagittata2 arrowleaf violet N, P 

TN




Viola sororia Willd. 

common blue violet 

N, A/P 

Hatch 9213 MS 

Viola striata Ait. striped cream violet N, P Phillips 833 TN 

Viola tricolor L. 1 johnny jumpup I, A, W 

Viola tripartita Ell. 2 threepart violet N, P 

VISCACEAE 

Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston oak mistletoe N, P Phillips 729 MS 

VITACEAE 

Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne peppervine N, P, W Phillips 588 MS 

Ampelopsis cordata Michx. 2 heartleaf peppervine N, P 

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch Virginia creeper N, P, W Phillips 712 MS 

Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. aestivalis summer grape N, P Phillips 392 TN 

Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. bicolor Deam2 summer grape N, P 

Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux2 graybark grape N, P 

Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard var. cinerea graybark grape N, P Hatch 9418 MS 

Vitis labrusca L. 1 fox grape N, P 

Vitis mustangensis Buckl. mustang grape N, P Hatch 9201 MS 

Vitis riparia Michx. riverbank grape N, P Phillips 566 MS 

Vitis rotundifolia Michx. muscadine grape N, P Phillips 492 TN 

Vitis rupestris Scheele2 sand grape N, P 

Vitis vulpina L. 1 frost grape N, P 

- 137 -

5.0 REFERENCES 

ANHP 2006. Alabama Inventory List: the Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals of 

Alabama. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Montgomery, Alabama. 

Bachleda, F.L. 2005. Guide to the Natchez Trace Parkway. Menasha Ridge Press, Birmingham, 

Alabama. 

Black, D.M. 1963. Illustrated Guide to the Climbing Plants of the Parkway. Natchez Trace Parkway, 

National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Cronquist, A. 1980. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States. Volume 1: Asteraceae. The 

University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 

Crutchfield, J. A. 1985. The Natchez Trace; A Pictorial History. Rutledge Hill Press, Nashville, Tennessee. 

Diggs, G.M. Jr., B.L. Lipscomb, and R.J. O’Kennon. 1999. Shinner’s and Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of 

North Central Texas. Sida, Botanical Miscellany, Number 16. 

Duncan, W.H. 1975. Woody Vines of the Southeastern United States. The University of Georgia Press, 

Athens. 

Duncan, W.H. and M.B. Duncan. 1988. Trees of the Southeastern United States. The University of 

Georgia Press, Athens. 

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). 1993. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 

Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York. 


Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, New York. 


Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part) and Zingiberidae. 

Oxford University Press, New York. 


Volume 23: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford University Press, New 

York. 

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNAEC). 2003. Flora of North American North of Mexico. 

Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press, New 

York. 

Frodin, D.G. 2001. Guide to Standard Floras of the World: An Annotated, Geographically Arranged 

Systematic Bibliography of The Principal Floras, Enumerations, Checklists, and Chorological 

Atlases of Different Areas. 2 nd edition. Cambridge University Press, New York. 

Godfrey, R.K. and J.W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southeastern United States: 

Monocotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. 

- 138 -

Godfrey, R.K. and J.W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southeastern United States: 

Dicotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. 

Hatch, S.L. 2005. Gould’s Grasses of Texas. Copy Corner, College Station. 

Hilty, J. 2006. What is a weed? Weedy Wildflowers of Illinois. 

http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/files/weed_definitions.htm 

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2004. United States Department of Agriculture. 

http://www.itis.usda.gov/ 

International Association for Plant Taxonomy and New York Botanical Gardens (IH). 2004. Index 

Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. 

http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp 

Invasive Taxa. 2006. Invasive and Exotic Insects, Diseases, and Weeds: Information and Images. 

www.invasive.org/weeds.cfm 

Isley, D. 1990. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States. Volume 3, Part 2: Leguminosae 

(Fabaceae). The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 

Lellinger, D.B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada. 

Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 

McCook, L.M. and J. Kartesz. 2000. A Preliminary Checklist of Mississippi Plants. 

herbarium.olemiss.edu/checklist.html. Accessed August 2004. 

Mohr, C. 1901. Plant Life of Alabama. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 

Morton, C.M., C.J. Hansen, and G. Gil. 2002. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Alabama from the John 

D. Freeman Herbarium and the University of Alabama Herbarium. Special Publication No. 21. 

Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Natchez Trace Parkway Visitor Center Staff (NATR staff). 2002. Natchez Trace Parkway Teacher’s 

Information Packet. National Park Service, Tupelo, Mississippi. 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center (NOAA). 2006. Annual 

Climatological Summary. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html 

Nature Conservancy. 2005. NPS vegetation mapping program. 

http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/classification/toc.html 

NPSpecies. 2006. The National Park Service Biodiversity Database secure online version. 

http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/apps/npspp/index.htm (park list: accessed 3/3/2006) 

Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. The 

University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 

- 139 -

Rosso, S.W. and D. Reed. 1996. Natchez Trace Parkway Southern Terminus Terrestrial Plant Baseline 

Survey Selected Taxa. Natchez Trace Parkway, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the 

Interior. 

Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern Flora. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 

Southern Weed Science Society (SWSS). 2005. Interactive Encyclopedia of North American Weeds. 

Southern Weed Science Society, Champaign, Illinois. 

Steyermark, J.A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. The Iowa State University Press, Ames. 

TENN 2007. The University of Tennessee Herbarium. Database of Tennessee Vascular Plants. 

http://tenn.bio.utk.edu/vascular/vascular.html 

The Nature Conservancy Tennessee Chapter (TNC). 1995. A General Biological Survey of the Natchez 

Trace Parkway: Appendix I. National Park Service, Tupelo, Mississippi. 

TNHP 2004. Rare Plant List. Tennessee Natural Heritage Program. Division of Natural Heritage, 

Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Nashville, Tennessee. 

USDA APHIS 2006. Federal Noxious Weed List (as of 6/30/06) 

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/weeds/index.shtml 

USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data 

Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70879-4490 USA. 

Wieland, R.G. 1994. Preliminary Vegetation Survey and Analysis of Chickasaw Village Site Natchez Trace 

Parkway Tupelo, Mississippi. Museum Technical Report. No. 26. Museum of Natural Science. 

Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. 

Wofford, B.E. and R. Kral. 1993. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Tennessee. Sida, Botanical 

Miscellany, No. 10. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Inc., Ft. Worth, Texas. 

Wofford, B.E. and E.W. Chester. 2002. Guide to the Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Tennessee. The 

University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. 

- 140 -

APPENDIX A 

Collection Locations by State, County, and Date 

- 141 -

Appendix A – Collection Locations by State, County, and Date 

Site Date Site Description GPS Coordinates Horiz.Error (ft.) Elevation (ft.) 

Tennessee 

1 

2 

63 

64 

125 

126 

300 

Tennessee 

3 

4 

Davidson County 

August 19, 2004 

August 19, 2004 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

Williamson County 

August 19, 2004 

August 19, 2004 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 442 near the 

“Entering Natchez Trace” sign 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest under first 

bridge from the Northern Terminus open, maintained roadside and 

drainage creek between mile markers 441 and 442 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 

442 near the “Entering Natchez Trace” sign 


bridge from the Northern Terminus, open, maintained roadside and 





bridge from the Northern Terminus; open, maintained roadside and 




Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest on both sides of the first 

parking area from the Northern Terminus at mile marker 440 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at the Birdsong Hollow at the 

north end of the Highway 96 bridge 

- 142 - 

N 36.0291944 

W 86.9747778 

N 36.255833 

W 86.9754722 

N 36.0298056 

W 86.9750278 

N 36.0257778 

W 86.9752500 

N 36.0303333 

W 86.9758611 

N 36.0256111 

W 86.9753333 

N 36.02995 

W 86.97537 

N 36.0073333 

W 86.9783333 

N 35.9883611 

W 86.9905833 

19 

27 

39 

22 

40 

715 

660 

663 

675 

663 

746 

874 

887 

790


5 

6 

7 

65 

66 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 

August 19, 2004 

August 19, 2004 

August 19, 2004 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

May 5, 2005 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 438 

and 439 

Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest just past a 

bridge between mile markers 430 and 431 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at the Old 

Trace located between mile markers 425 and 426 

Rocky face with manicured roadside and drainage ditch at mile 

marker 441 



Rocky face with manicured roadside and drainage ditch at mile 

marker 441 



Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at mile marker 439 






Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at the Garrison 

Creek pull off between mile markers 427 and 428 

- 143 - 

N 35.9903056 

W 86.9868889 

N 35.9056111 

W 87.0069167 

N 35.8607222 

W 87.0471944 

N 36.0187778 

W 86.9819444 

N 36.0071111 

W 86.9788333 

N 36.0187778 

W 86.9819444 

N 36.0071667 

W 86.9782578 

N 35.9948611 

W 86.9788056 

N 35.9883611 

W 86.9905833 

N 35.9445833 

W 87.0010278 

N 35.9054444 

W 87.0066944 

N 35.8751944 

W 87.0315833 

41 

28 

41 

33 

23 

29 

15 

21 

31 

869 

806 

863 

867 

866 

867 

861 

936 

790 

984 

856 

677


135 

301 

302 

303 

304 

305 

306 

307 

308 

408 

Tennessee 

8 

9 

May 5, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

October 20, 2005 

Maury County 

August 19, 2004 

August 19, 2004 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile 

markers 433 and 434 





Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest just south of the Hwy. 96 







Semipermanently flooded medium tall grassland between mile 


Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at the Burns 

Branch pull off between mile marker 425 and 426 

Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between mile 

markers 425 and 426 at the Burns Branch pull off 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at mile 

marker 418 

Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) between mile markers 

414 and 415 

- 144 - 

N 35.9361111 

W 87.0038056 

N 36.00711 

W 86.97874 

N 35.98828 

W 86.99072 

N 35.98350 

W 86.99535 

N 35.96079 

W 86.98689 

N 35.93130 

W 87.00474 

N 35.90633 

W 87.00715 

N 35.88601 

W 87.03268 

N 35.84809 

W 87.05364 

N 35.84809 

W 87.05364 

N 35.8146944 

W 87.1603333 

N 35.7934722 

W 87.1971944 

31 

20 

24 

18 

172 

25 

18 

19 

34 

34 

764 

921 

878 

870 

925 

920 

673 

809 

870 

870 

841 

923


10 

11 

134 

136 

409 

Tennessee 

12 

67 

69 

137 

138 

142 

309 

August 19, 2004 

August 20, 2004 

May 5, 2005 

May 6, 2005 


Hickman County 

August 20, 2004 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

May 6, 2005 

May 6, 2005 

May 6, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassland between mile 


Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at the Water Valley Overlook 

between mile markers 411 and 412 



409 and 410. 

Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassland at mile marker 

414 



Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest along the 

Jackson Falls trail between mile markers 404 and 405 








Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at intersection with Highway 

50 between mile markers 407 and 408 

- 145 - 

N 35.7768056 

W 87.2045556 

N 35.7458056 

W 87.2011667 

N 35.8208889 

W 87.1447500 

N 35.7284167 

W 87.2312500 

N 35.77681 

W 87.20456 

N 35.6523889 

W 87.3618889 

N 35.6969167 

W 87.2940278 

N 35.6795000 

W 87.3198333 

N 35.6971389 

W 87.2765556 

N 35.6971389 

W 87.2938889 

N 35.6748056 

W 87.3188056 

N 35.72323 

W 87.25996 

23 

28 

18 

26 

42 

22 

27 

22 

31 

835 

925 

878 

623 

835 

910 

898 

845 

583 

727 

725 

516


310 

311 

410 

Tennessee 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

68 

70 

71 

72 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 


Lewis County 

August 20, 2004 

August 20, 2004 

August 20, 2004 

August 20, 2004 

August 20, 2004 

March 11, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 



Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) between mile marker 405 


Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between mile 

markers 404 and 405 along the Jackson Falls trail 









Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at the Jacks Branch Creek 

pull off between mile markers 377 and 378 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest along the Fall Hollow Trail 




Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along the 

Meriwether Lewis trail between mile markers 385 and 386 



- 146 - 

N 35.69694 

W 97.29387 

N 35.69913 

W 87.27721 

N 35.69692 

W 97.29403 

N 35.6294167 

W 87.3866111 

N 35.6232778 

W 87.3895000 

N 35.6172500 

W 87.3951667 

N 35.5035833 

W 87.4585000 

N 35.5034444 

W 87.4587778 

N 35.5841111 

W 87.4293333 

N 35.5414444 

W 87.4331944 

N 35.5133333 

W 87.4553333 

N 35.4192500 

W 87.4942778 

20 

26 

26 

33 

316 

45 

16 

699 

652 

898 

854 

894 

847 

936 

936 

898 

836 

886 

727


73 

139 

140 

141 

143 

150 

151 

312 

313 

314 

315 

316 

March 12, 2005 

May 6, 2005 

May 6, 2005 

May 6, 2005 

May 7, 2005 

May 7, 2005 

May 8, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at Jack’s Branch pull off 











Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker 

377 


marker 395 





Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest along the edge 

of Big Swan Creek between mile makers 391 and 392 



- 147 - 

N 35.4140278 

W 87.5159722 

N 35.4421389 

W 87.0390833 

N 35.5581111 

W 87.4324722 

N 35.5841667 

W 87.4290000 

N 35.5135556 

W 87.4552222 

N 35.4139444 

W 87.5160278 

N 35.4036944 

W 87.5225000 

N 35.61531 

W 87.39593 

N 35.59864 

W 87.40676 

N 35.58346 

W 87.42939 

N 35.57979 

W 87.43360 

N 35.51344 

W 87.45487 

23 

17 

23 

16 

34 

16 

45 

37 

18 

382 

22 

44 

798 

675 

717 

721 

817 

831 

932 

1015 

1038 

1035 

632 

634


317 

318 

411 

412 

413 

Tennessee 

152 

153 

154 

Tennessee 

18 

19 

20 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 




Lawrence County 

May 8, 2005 

May 8, 2005 

May 8, 2005 

Wayne County 

August 20, 2004 

August 20, 2004 

August 20, 2004 










and 378 at Jacks Branch 


375 


374 


372 





Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at the Sunken Trace 


- 148 - 

N 35.50770 

W 87.45420 

N 35.41388 

W 87.51592 

N 35.51344 

W 87.45487 

N 35.49746 

W 87.46376 

N 35.41394 

W 87.51603 

N 35.3654722 

W 87.5453056 

N 35.3488056 

W 87.5453056 

N 35.3475000 

W 87.5720556 

N 35.3219167 

W 87.5799444 

N 35.1594444 

W 87.7353611 

N 35.1196111 

W 87.7642778 

34 

39 

44 

29 

16 

22 

31 

36 

713 

763 

634 

1019 

831 

894 

1052 

1072 

1034 

1028 

1004


21 

74 

144 

145 

146 

147 

148 

149 

155 

156 

157 

158 

August 20, 2004 

March 12, 2005 

May 7, 2005 

May 7, 2005 

May 7, 2005 

May 7, 2005 

May 7, 2005 

May 7, 2005 

May 9, 2005 

May 9, 2005 

May 9, 2005 

May 9, 2005 

Wet meadow just before the Alabama state line, between mile 


Wet area with sparse sweetgum next to a small creek between mile 



marker 357 


marker 359 



marker 367 






marker 355 





Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) at mile marker 342 

- 149 - 

N 35.0180556 

W 87.8231944 

N 35.0958056 

W 87.7856389 

N 35.2023333 

W 87.7196111 

N 35.2277500 

W 87.7081944 

N 35.2466389 

W 87.6860278 

N 35.2834722 

W 87.6068611 

N 35.3074167 

W 87.5828333 

N 35.2221111 

W 87.5802222 

N 35.1761389 

W 87.7322222 

N 35.1074722 

W 87.7799444 

N 35.0174722 

W 87.8233611 

N 35.0080000 

W 87.8217778 

24 

15 

22 

21 

26 

19 

15 

29 

25 

20 

78 

1003 

880 

1088 

1012 

1060 

1021 

1002 

1044 

1056 

923 

743 

713


319 

320 

321 

322 

323 

324 

325 

326 

327 

414 

Alabama 

22 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 


Lauderdale County 

August 21, 2004 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest just south of Glen Rock 

Springs Road located between mile markers 364 and 365 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest just south of Glen Rock 

Springs Road located between mile markers 364 and 365 

Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest at a beaver pond 

located between mile markers 363 and 364 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at the Sunken Trace pull off 




Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest near intersection sign 




Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous saturated forest Holly Picnic 

area between mile markers 346 and 347 

Seasonally/temporarily flooded medium tall grassland along the 

bridge just north of the Alabama State line between mile markers 341 



365 in a limestone outcropping 

Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) just south of the 

Alabama-Tennessee state line, between mile markers 339 and 340 

- 150 - 

N 35.25078 

W 87.63463 

N 35.24765 

W 87.64055 

N 35.24767 

W 87.64396 

N 35.11638 

W 87.76914 

N 35.11310 

W 87.77358 

N 35.10146 

W 87.78413 

N 35.09301 

W 87.78577 

N 35.06598 

W 87.80181 

N 35.00659 

W 87.82141 

N 35.26179 

W 87.62883 

N 35.0179722 

W 87.8232222 

18 

17 

19 

24 

24 

19 

19 

34 

21 

19 

761 

773 

772 

1027 

1090 

923 

976 

611 

676 

882 

982


23 

24 

25 

26 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

159 

160 

August 21, 2004 

August 21, 2004 

August 21, 2004 

August 21, 2004 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

May 9, 2005 

May 9, 2005 





Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover)between mile markers 


Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest along trail at the 

Rock Springs pull off between mile markers 330 and 331 

Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) just north of mile marker 

337 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest just south of 

AL 20 and concrete bridge between mile markers 336 and 337 



Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between 334 


Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest just north of 

mile marker 334 






- 151 - 

N 35.0013056 

W 87.8398889 

N 34.9046111 

W 87.8655000 

N 34.9014722 

W 87.8690278 

N 34.8584167 

W 87.9057222 

N 34.9381944 

W 87.8323056 

N 34.9259444 

W 87.8424167 

N 34.9088611 

W 87.8592500 

N 34.9049444 

W 87.8651389 

N 34.9030833 

W 87.8672222 

N 34.8578889 

W 87.9053611 

N 34.9367778 

W 87.8334444 

N 34.8579167 

W 87.9056111 

20 

151 

26 

49 

128 

68 

33 

23 

982 

720 

682 

497 

683 

660 

781 

718 

712 

621 

774 

452


328 

415 

Alabama 

27 

81 

161 

162 

163 

172 

173 

329 

330 

July 15, 2005 


Colbert County 

August 21, 2004 

March 13, 2005 

May 9, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 



Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest between mile 

markers 330 and 331 along the Rock Springs trail 

Small pond at the intersection of the NATR and Maud Road between 

mile markers 309 and 310 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest just past bridge between mile 


Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest along the banks of the 

Tennessee River on the Colbert County side between mile markers 


Mixed needle-leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous seasonally 

flooded/saturated forest at the Buzzard Roost Spring pull off between 



Freedom Hills trail between mile markers 316 and 317 


flooded/saturated forest along edge of Bear Creek between mile 




marker 319 


marker 318 

- 152 - 

N 34.8578889 

W 87.9053611 

N 34.85788 

W 87.90584 

N 34.6486389 

W 88.1203611 

N 34.8033889 

W 87.9775556 

N 34.8363611 

W 87.9424722 

N 34.7600556 

W 88.0231389 

N 34.1096944 

W 88.0353056 

N 34.5696667 

W 88.0923056 

N 34.7413056 

W 88.0356111 

N 34.74072 

W 88.03556 

N 34.72861 

W 88.03954 

23 

22 

19 

26 

139 

88 

20 

28 

22 

21 

452 

459 

529 

659 

492 

491 

507 

470 

526 

683 

766


331 

416 

417 

Mississippi 

28 

29 

82 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

July 15, 2005 



Tishomingo County 

August 21, 2004 

August 21, 2004 

March 13, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest just north of 

the jutting rocks located between mile markers 313 and 314 

Semipermanently flooded perennial tall forb vegetation at mile marker 

311 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between 

mile markers 309 and 310 at the intersection with Maud Road 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at the Jourdan Creek pull off 


Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest at the Tenn-Tom 

Waterway between mile markers 293 and 294 



Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest just before 



flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 301 and 302 





Rock outcrop on western roadside edge located between mile 



308 

- 153 - 

N 34.68150 

W 88.07641 

N 34.65661 

W 88.09759 

N 34.64827 

W 88.11997 

N 34.5178889 

W 88.2918333 

N 34.5049722 

W 88.3217500 

N 34.5186667 

W 88.2914444 

N 34.5663611 

W 88.2607778 

N 34.5926389 

W 88.2462500 

N 34.6060556 

W 88.2067500 

N 34.6103611 

W 88.1936944 

N 34.6159167 

W 88.1823889 

N 34.6386389 

W 88.1484444 

34 

16 

27 

33 

85 

211 

90 

29 

59 

38 

428 

459 

427 

432 

414 

421 

882 

721 

709 

544 

541 

496


170 

171 

174 

175 

176 

332 

333 

334 

418 

419 

Mississippi 

420 

May 10, 2005 

May 10, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 



Prentiss County 


Hanging from cave at the Cave Spring Pull off located between mile 


Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) just before Cave Spring 








Rock outcrop on the western roadside edge located between mile 






Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest 




Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest at mile marker 286 

just south of Browns Bottom 

- 154 - 

N 34.6425000 

W 88.1404444 

N 34.6421389 

W 88.1381389 

N 34.6252778 

W 88.1610000 

N 34.5179167 

W 88.2920000 

N 34.4552500 

W 88.4965833 

N 34.6159167 

W 88.1823889 

N 34.51766 

W 88.29209 

N 34.50528 

W 88.32191 

N 34.61186 

W 88.19250 

N 34.50636 

W 88.30660 

N 34.46936 

W 88.43022 

227 

16 

26 

25 

14 

59 

90 

20 

19 

19 

19 

372 

467 

559 

567 

371 

541 

598 

339 

390 

367 

481


Mississippi 

83 

177 

Mississippi 

30 

31 

32 

33 

84 

85 

86 

178 

179 

Itawamba County 

March 14, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

Lee County 

August 22, 2004 

August 22, 2004 

August 22, 2004 

August 22, 2004 

March 14, 2005 

March 14, 2005 

March 14, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at exit to 

Highway 371 between mile markers 282 and 283 


marker 282 


Dogwood Valley trail between mile markers 275 and 276 

Mud Creek sand bar between mile markers 268 and 269 

Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) just south of the 

NATR headquarters at mile marker 265 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at the 

Chickasaw Indian Home Site pull off located between mile markers 






Wet ditch along wooded roadside area at mile marker 254 




- 155 - 

N 34.4579444 

W 88.4887778 

N 34.4552500 

W 88.4965833 

N 34.4222778 

W 88.6037500 

N 34.346944 

W 88.6845833 

N 34.3151667 

W 88.7175556 

N 34.2781944 

W 88.7419444 

N 34.3535000 

W 88.6805000 

N 34.3388333 

W 88.7006944 

N 34.1766667 

W 88.8029167 

N 34.3958056 

W 88.6503333 

N 34.3394444 

W 88.6998889 

41 

57 

57 

33 

36 

27 

36 

412 

454 

543 

436 

296 

330 

410 

301 

299 

298 

326


181 

196 

197 

198 

199 

200 

201 

335 

336 

337 

338 

421 

May 12, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 17, 2005 

July 17, 2005 



flooded/saturated forest at mile marker 262 













Dogwood Valley trail between mile markers 275 and 276 






Chicksaw Indian Home Site pull off located between mile markers 261 



located between mile markers 277 and 278 

- 156 - 

N 34.2768333 

W 88.7385000 

N 34.4222222 

W 88.6038889 

N 34.3383333 

W 88.7008333 

N 34.3158333 

W 88.7172222 

N 34.2783333 

W 88.2769444 

N 34.2425000 

W 88.7608333 

N 34.1494444 

W 88.8200000 

N 34.42227 

W 88.60348 

N 34.40343 

W 88.64038 

N 34. 33893 

W 88.70042 

N 34.27791 

W 88.74186 

N 34.42497 

W 88.57297 

32 

26 

21 

27 

12 

48 

314 

478 

273 

295 

318 

375 

373 

363 

455 

308 

298 

520


422 

423 

455 

456 

457 

Mississippi 

34 

202 

203 

204 

205 

339 






Pontotoc County 

August 22, 2004 

May 19, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

May 19, 2005 

July 17, 2005 


between mile markers 275 and 276 along the Dog Wood Valley 







Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) at mile marker 

252 in the Black Belt Overlook pull off 


Black Belt Overlook pull off between mile markers 250 and 251 











- 157 - 

N 34.42225 

W 88.60360 

N 34.33856 

W 88.70066 

N 34.33034 

W 88.71017 

N 34.27442 

W 88.74193 

N 34.14955 

W 88.82003 

N 34.1494444 

W 88.8197222 

N 34.1155556 

W 88.8536111 

N 34.1083333 

W 88.8572222 

N 34.0883333 

W 88.8658333 

N 34.0711111 

W 88.8705556 

N 34.09697 

W 88.86051 

16 

24 

37 

438 

306 

348 

316 

373 

352 

417 

351 

487 

411 

437


Mississippi 

35 

36 

37 

87 

88 

89 

180 

206 

207 

208 

209 

340 

Chickasaw County 

August 22, 2004 

August 23, 2004 

August 23, 2004 

March 14, 2005 

March 14, 2005 

March 14, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

July 17, 2005 



Open medium tall grassland (< 60% cover) at mile marker 239 

Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between mile 


Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in the middle of 

bridge just south of mile marker 242 






marker 237 







Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at the Witch 

Dance pull off between mile markers 233 and 234 



- 158 - 

N 34.0669167 

W 88.8760833 

N 33.9839167 

W 88.9130556 

N 33.9822500 

W 88.9670000 

N 34.0226111 

W 88.8929722 

N 33.8488889 

W 88.9672778 

N 33.7882222 

W 88.0108611 

N 33.9599722 

W 88.9319722 

N 33.8491667 

W 88.9663889 

N 33.8058333 

W 88.0000000 

N 33.7658333 

W 89.0188889 

N 33.9116667 

W 88.9391667 

N 33.81406 

W 88.99165 

113 

104 

104 

22 

20 

439 

395 

339 

271 

270 

270 

535 

296 

383 

437 

339 

319


342 

343 

424 

425 

426 

427 

428 

429 

430 

431 

Mississippi 

345 

July 12, 2005 

July 12, 2005 









Clay County 

July 12, 2005 








markers 233 and 234 at Witch Dance along the horse trail 












markers 221 and 222 along a section of the Old Trace 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest between 218 and 219 

- 159 - 

N 33.80346 

W 89.00237 

N 33.78888 

W 89.01187 

N 33.94906 

W 88.92813 

N 33.91133 

W 88.94007 

N 33.88880 

W 88.95199 

N 33.84909 

W 88.96667 

N 33.80380 

W 89.00214 

N 33.78878 

W 89.01182 

N 33.78668 

W 89.01283 

N 33.75804 

W 89.02079 

N 33.71546 

W 89.03556 

23 

30 

20 

15 

286 

311 

455 

339 

340 

300 

350 

295 

308 

348 

312


Mississippi 

38 

182 

183 

184 

210 

211 

212 

213 

214 

215 

217 

344 

Webster County 

August 23, 2004 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

July 12, 2005 







marker 208 




marker 210 and 211 













- 160 - 

N 33.5946111 

W 89.1175278 

N 33.6756944 

W 89.0466944 

N 33.6485556 

W 89.0749722 

N 33.5888056 

W 89.1200000 

N 33.7147222 

W 89.0355556 

N 33.6380556 

W 89.0772222 

N 33.6144444 

W 89.0961111 

N 33.5936111 

W 89.1180556 

N 33.5802778 

W 89.1222222 

N 33.5591667 

W 89.1350000 

N 33.5586111 

W 89.1352778 

N 33.73221 

W 89.03154 

23 

24 

20 

573 

306 

353 

420 

333 

363 

458 

481 

472 

516 

406 

362


346 

347 

348 

432 

433 

434 

435 

436 

437 

Mississippi 

39 

40 

July 12, 2005 

July 12, 2005 

July 12, 2005 







Choctaw County 

August 23, 2004 

August 24, 2004 












flooded/saturated forest between mile markers 213 and 214 along 

Line Creek 







Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at the Ballard 


Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest in the Jeff Busby Park 


- 161 - 

N 33.65527 

W 89.07062 

N 33.64998 

W 89.07403 

N 33.64981 

W 89.07414 

N 33.69980 

W 89.04111 

N 33.68728 

W 89.04211 

N 33.65301 

W 89.07239 

N 33.63622 

W 89.07767 

N 33.58483 

W 89.12096 

N 33.53168 

W 89.15440 

N 33.5094722 

W 89.1808056 

N 33.4135833 

W 89.2609444 

364 

352 

367 

397 

312 

397 

363 

411 

465 

535 

584


41 

185 

186 

187 

218 

219 

220 

221 

222 

349 

350 

351 

August 24, 2004 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

July 12, 2005 

July 12, 2005 

July 12, 2005 

Open medium tall grassland (60% cover) between mile marker 181 


















- 162 - 

N 33.3583333 

W 89.3347500 

N 33.4795278 

W 89.2020833 

N 33.3558611 

W 89.3375833 

N 33.2991667 

W 89.39839611 

N 33.5247222 

W 89.1636111 

N 33.4136111 

W 89.2608333 

N 33.3611111 

W 89.3275000 

N 33.3436111 

W 89.3502778 

N 33.2977778 

W 89.3997222 

N 33.52113 

W 89.16862 

N 33.52114 

W 89.16862 

N 33.41404 

W 89.26085 

20 

45 

55 

420 

343 

374 

471 

383 

584 

471 

415 

471 

409 

408 

617


352 

353 

354 

355 

356 

357 

358 

359 

360 

438 

439 

440 

July 12, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

























marker 195 



- 163 - 

N 33.41572 

W 89.26532 

N 33.41564 

W 89.26533 

N 33.39799 

W 89.27469 

N 33.37144 

W 89.29351 

N 33.36407 

W 89.30989 

N 33.36156 

W 89.32155 

N 33.36073 

W 89.32698 

N 33.35750 

W 89.33613 

N 33.31777 

W 89.36975 

N 33.47856 

W 89.20269 

N 33.43577 

W 89.24676 

N 33.42947 

W 89.25453 

501 

501 

414 

554 

573 

566 

523 

653 

563 

434 

460 

513


441 

442 

443 

444 

445 

446 

447 

Mississippi 

42 

43 

44 

91 








Attala County 

August 24, 2004 

August 24, 2004 

August 24, 2004 

March 13, 2005 


and 194 in the Jeff Busby pull off 





Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous saturated forest between mile 







markers 180 and 181 just south of French Camp 



Kosciusko Information center located at mile marker 160 

Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest between 


Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at Hurricane 


- 164 - 

N 33.41358 

W 89.26136 

N 33.39501 

W 89.27614 

N 33.36855 

W 89.29978 

N 33.35576 

W 89.33785 

N 33.34393 

W 89.34801 

N 33.29548 

W 89.40202 

N 33.29379 

W 89.40304 

N 33.2576111 

W 89.4210833 

N 33.0377778 

W 89.5785833 

N 33.0245000 

W 89.5933056 

N 33.0823889 

W 89.5257500 

640 

468 

491 

474 

482 

468 

447 

397 

441 

425 

550


92 

93 

188 

216 

223 

224 

225 

226 

227 

228 

229 

230 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 18, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 17, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

Cold-deciduous seasonally flooded/saturated forest Cole creek 


Dense tall grassland (>60% cover) between mile markers 154 and 

155 


176 









Saturated perennial tall forb vegetation between mile markers 175 










- 165 - 

N 33.3366944 

W 89.3571111 

N 32.9676389 

W 89.6123056 

N 33.2331111 

W 89.4431111 

N 33.2050000 

W 89.4552778 

N 33.2750000 

W 89.4116667 

N 33.2522222 

W 89.4233333 

N 33.2427778 

W 89.4311111 

N 33.2291667 

W 89.4334639 

N 33.0338889 

W 89.5825000 

N 33.2044444 

W 89.4550000 

N 33.1808333 

W 89.4569444 

N 33.1355556 

W 89.4877778 

30 

21 

524 

420 

533 

515 

501 

480 

476 

428 

429 

503 

576 

325


231 

232 

233 

234 

235 

236 

341 

361 

362 

363 

364 

365 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

July 17, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

Cultivated and hayed area between mile markers 165 and 166 









Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest Holly Hill 


Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) at the Bethel Mission pull 

off between mile markers 176 and 177 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 

177and 178 

Dense medium tall grassland (> 60% cover) at the Bethel Mission pull 


Saturated perennial tall forb vegetation between mile markers 175 






- 166 - 

N 33.0825000 

W 89.5285333 

N 33.0269444 

W 89.5911111 

N 33.0047222 

W 89.6011111 

N 32.9972222 

W 89.6530556 

N 32.9763889 

W 89.6108333 

N 32.9633333 

W 89.6133333 

N 33.23605 

W 89.43993 

N 33.25128 

W 89.42374 

N 33.23597 

W 89.43990 

N 33.23597 

W 89.43991 

N 33.14150 

W 89.48400 

N 33.09908 

W 89.51261 

22 

427 

371 

430 

435 

409 

418 

509 

577 

520 

507 

627 

609


366 

367 

368 

369 

370 

448 

449 

450 

451 

452 

453 

454 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 

July 13, 2005 



















Cold-deciduous semipermanently flooded forest between 

mile markers 176 and 177 along Cole Creek 


between mile markers 176 and 177 at the Bethel Mission pull off. 


between mile markers 173 and 174. 






makers 164 and 165 at the Hurricane Creek pull off 

- 167 - 

N 33.05847 

W 89.55995 

N 33.04404 

W 89.57158 

N 33.03118 

W 89.58634 

N 33.00157 

W 89.60177 

N 32.97740 

W 89.61043 

N 33.26878 

W 89.41606 

N 33.22908 

W 89.44573 

N 33.23592 

W 89.44001 

N 33.20420 

W 89.45532 

N 33.18118 

W 89.45689 

N 33.14265 

W 89.48385 

N 33.08258 

W 89.52585 

450 

445 

409 

397 

382 

517 

476 

444 

468 

476 

504 

475


458 

459 

460 

461 

462 

463 

Mississippi 

45 

46 

47 

94 

189 

190 







Leake County 

August 24, 2004 

August 24, 2004 

August 25, 2004 

March 13, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

Planted pasture at mile marker 165 


marker 163 





Mixed needle –leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest between 




Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along nature 

trail at the Myrick Creek pull off at mile marker 145 

Abandoned field located between mile markers 143 and 145 






flooded/saturated forest between mile marker 146 and 147 

Hayed prairie with introduced grasses at mile marker 145 

- 168 - 

N 33.08936 

W 89.51743 

N 33.07125 

W 89.54457 

N 33.06383 

W 89.55441 

N 33.02360 

W 89.59406 

N 33.00456 

W 89.60114 

N 32.96340 

W 89.61326 

N 32.8433611 

W 89.6696111 

N 32.8667500 

W 89.6586944 

N 32.8098333 

W 89.6850556 

N 32.7541944 

W 89.6875556 

N 32.8646389 

W 89.6591389 

N 32.8413611 

W 89.6700000 

30 

28 

20 

386 

451 

415 

435 

427 

443 

422 

360 

297 

391 

417 

337


237 

238 

239 

240 

241 

242 

243 

244 

245 

371 

372 

373 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 16, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

Cultivated and hayed grassland at mile maker 149 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along nature 

trail at the Myrick Creek pull off at mile marker 145 

Cultivated prairie between mile markers 141 and 142 

Cultivated prairie between mile marker 141 and 142 











Cultivated and hayed grassland between mile markers 148 






- 169 - 

N 32.8872222 

W 89.6044444 

N 32.8433333 

W 89.6700000 

N 32.7994444 

W 89.6877778 

N 32.7869444 

W 89.6861111 

N 32.7800000 

W 89.6888889 

N 32.7663889 

W 89.6886111 

N 32.7650000 

W 89.6877778 

N 32.7527778 

W 89.6875000 

N 32.7066667 

W 89.7105556 

N 32.88688 

W 89.63831 

N 32.88438 

W 89.64033 

N 32.87494 

W 89.65061 

402 

422 

410 

388 

353 

405 

504 

411 

430 

374 

386 

380


374 

375 

376 

377 

464 

465 

466 

467 

468 

469 

Mississippi 

48 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 







Madison County 

August 25, 2004 











Needle-leaved evergreen seasonally/temporarily flooded forest with 

rounded crowns between mile markers 146 and 147 


between mile markers 145 and 146 along Myrick Creek trail 

Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous 

seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at mile marker 142 





Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along 

the water’s edge of the Pearl River located between mile markers 122 


- 170 - 

N 32.84346 

W 89.67022 

N 32.81116 

W 89.68457 

N 32.79999 

W 89.68775 

N 32.69997 

W 89.71378 

N 32.88453 

W 89.64060 

N 32.86463 

W 89.65913 

N 32.8433333 

W 89.67000000 

N 32.799999 

W 89.68775 

N 32.69997 

W 89.71378 

N 32.68830 

W 89.72361 

N 32.5843056 

W 89.8618056 

467 

415 

395 

411 

407 

417 

422 

395 

411 

353 

375


49 

50 

90 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

100 

101 

102 

103 

August 25, 2004 

August 25, 2004 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 13, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in the 

Tupelo-Bald Cypress Swamp between mile markers 122 and 123 

Edge of the Ross Barnett Reservoir between mile markers 112 and 

113 

Edge of the Ross Barnett Reservoir at mile marker 110 

Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest in the Tupelo- 

Bald Cypress Swamp between mile markers 122 and 123 


123 


water’s edge of the Pearl River located between mile markers 122 




Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous saturated forest along the 

edge of the Ross Barnett Reservoir at mile marker 111 


edge of the Ross Barnett Reservoir at mile marker 111 


Ross Barnett Reservoir at mile marker 110 





- 171 - 

N 32.5794722 

W 89.8700556 

N 32.5031944 

W 89.9986667 

N 32.4795278 

W 90.0288333 

N 32.6340278 

W 89.8199444 

N 32.5889444 

W 89.8577500 

N 32.5847222 

W 89.8615000 

N 32.5797500 

W 89.8700000 

N 32.4929167 

W 90.02136911 

N 32.4930556 

W 90.0212500 

N 32.4795278 

W 90.0288333 

N 32.4652222 

W 90.0592778 

N 32.4265556 

W 90.1348611 

18 

20 

15 

24 

58 

21 

21 

375 

337 

333 

353 

373 

410 

284 

336 

404 

333 

425 

425


191 

192 

193 

194 

246 

247 

248 

249 

250 

251 

252 

253 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

May 15, 2005 

May 15, 2005 


marker 132 


131 

Dense tall grassland (>60% cover) at mile marker 130 




129 



Hayed prairie between mile markers 124 and 125 









- 172 - 

N 32.6728333 

W 89.7473889 

N 32.6602222 

W 89.7671667 

N 32.6566944 

W 89.7750000 

N 32.5269444 

W 89.9721111 

N 32.6427778 

W 89.7963889 

N 32.62561111 W 

89.8233333 

N 32.6055556 

W 89.8433333 

N 32.6033333 

W 89.8450000 

N 32.5844444 

W 89.8613889 

N 32.5794444 

W 89.8697222 

N 32.5655556 

W 89.9038889 

N 32.4261111 

W 90.1285833 

30 

31 

100 

23 

364 

353 

353 

359 

380 

338 

333 

338 

415 

395


254 

255 

256 

257 

258 

259 

378 

379 

380 

381 

382 

383 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 




















water’s edge of the Pearl River located between mile markers 122 




- 173 - 

N 32.5611389 

W 89.9152778 

N 32.5150000 

W 89.9912778 

N 32.4835833 

W 90.0258056 

N 32.4685278 

W 90.0542222 

N 32.4480278 

W 90.0718889 

N 32.4369444 

W 90.0742500 

N 32.66364 

W 89.76020 

N 32.63961 

W 89.80839 

N 32.63301 

W 89.82098 

N 32.60006 

W 89.84717 

N 32.58448 

W 89.86176 

N 32.57929 

W 89.86997 

415 

335 

469 

456 

295 

391 

396


384 

385 

386 

470 

471 

472 

473 

474 

475 

476 

477 

478 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 

July 14, 2005 















Mixed needle-leaved – cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded 

forest between mile markers 123 and 124 

Open tall grassland (60% cover) between mile markers 101 and 

102 




101 

- 174 - 

N 32.56256 

W 89.91197 

N 32.51409 

W 89.99257 

N 32.42753 

W 90.11646 

N 32.59060 

W 89.85594 

N 32.66670 

W 89.75582 

N 32.66006 

W 89.84717 

N 32.57950 

W 89.87009 

N 32.4369444 

W 90.9742500 

N 32.42747 

W 90.10972 

N 32.42694 

W 90.12428 

N 32.43098 

W 90.15283 

N 32.43109 

W 90.16199 

389 

313 

321 

359 

320 

295 

403 

415 

345 

412 

420 

381


479 

Mississippi 

51 

52 

53 

55 

56 

57 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 


Hinds County 

August 25, 2004 

August 25, 2004 

August 25, 2004 

August 26, 2004 

August 26, 2004 

August 26, 2004 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

Dense tall grassland (>60% cover) between mile markers 97 and 98 


Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at the Battle 

of Raymond pull off between mile markers 78 and 79 

Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest just north of the 

Lower Choctaw Boundary pull off between mile markers 61 and 62 




Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile markers 68 and 

69 








- 175 - 

N 32.42079 

W 90.20692 

N 32.2917222 

W 90.4101944 

N 32.2769444 

W 90.4751944 

N 32.1516944 

W 90.7111944 

N 32.2855278 

W 90.4394444 

N 32.2175278 

W 90.5660000 

N 32.1938611 

W 90.6134167 

N 32.3430556 

W 90.3536389 

N 32.2917778 

W 90.4101111 

N 32.2344722 

W 90.5409722 

N 32.2337778 

W 90.5450833 

N 32.1726667 

W 90.6551944 

16 

16 

13 

13 

393 

337 

332 

243 

308 

233 

282 

375 

306 

187 

218 

225


109 

260 

261 

262 

263 

264 

265 

266 

267 

268 

269 

387 

March 12, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

July 14, 2005 


marker 63 


88 

Disturbed roadside between mile markers 85 and 86 















Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at Osburn Stand pull off 


- 176 - 

N 32.1577222 

W 90.6914444 

N 32.3437222 

W 90.3531944 

N 32.3182778 

W 90.3736667 

N 32.3000000 

W 90.3952778 

N 32.2908333 

W 90.4211111 

N 32.2894444 

W 90.4288889 

N 32.2860278 

W 90.4372222 

N 32.2794444 

W 90.4708333 

N 32.2775000 

W 90.4755556 

N 32.2736111 

W 90.4825000 

N 32.2344444 

W 90.5408333 

N 32.38893 

W 90.25543 

25 

330 

375 

297 

267 

284 

287 

295 

222 

273 

219 

328


388 

389 

390 

391 

392 

393 

480 

481 

482 

483 

484 

485 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 







Cultivated and hayed grassland located between mile markers 91 and 

92 


90 





Edge of cotton field located between mile markers 74 and 75 

Dense tall grassland (?60% cover) between mile markers 91 and 92 



Dense tall grassland (.60% cover) between mile markers 82 and 83 




68 



- 177 - 

N 32.37307 

W 90.28065 

N 32.35929 

W 90.30816 

N 32.30244 

W 90.39300 

N 32.28263 

W 90.45181 

N 32.26646 

W 90.49060 

N 32.42537 

W 90.53452 

N 32.37307 

W 90.28065 

N 32.32459 

W 90.36583 

N 32.2917222 

W 90.4101944 

N 32.28204 

W 90.45827 

N 32.19143 

W 90.61634 

N 32.16089 

W 90.67968 

300 

337 

264 

326 

279 

268 

300 

315 

337 

351 

370 

275


Mississippi 

54 

58 

110 

111 

112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

195 

270 

271 

Claiborne County 

August 25, 2004 

August 26, 2004 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

March 12, 2005 

May 14, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along 

Rocky Springs Path at mile marker 55 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at the Owens Creek Falls pull 



marker 60 


marker 56 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at Owens Creek pull off 


Wet prairie between mile marker 49 and 50 

Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest located at mile marker 47 




42 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest along Rocky 

Springs Path at mile marker 55 





- 178 - 

N 32.0892222 

W 90.8115278 

N 32.0606944 

W 90.8258611 

N 32.1362222 

W 90.7353611 

N 32.0979167 

W 90.7829444 

N 32.0605556 

W 90.8258611 

N 32.0184444 

W 90.8488056 

N 31.9978889 

W 90.9050278 

N 31.9957778 

W 90.9217500 

N 31.9410556 

W 90.9717500 

N 32.0858611 

W 90.8031389 

N 32.1476389 

W 90.7248333 

N 32.1261111 

W 90.7541667 

18 

20 

15 

20 

41 

28 

614 

450 

238 

156 

232 

188 

190 

190 

140 

295 

241


272 

273 

274 

275 

276 

277 

278 

279 

280 

394 

395 

396 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 13, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 

July 15, 2005 





Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at Owens Creek pull of 



51 


51 


51 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at Mangum 

mound pull off between mile markers 46 and 47 

Open tall grassland (60% cover) between mile markers 48 and 49 

- 179 - 

N 32.1172222 

W 90.7663889 

N 32.0863889 

W 90.7986111 

N 32.060833 

W 90.8263889 

N 32.0397222 

W 90.8358333 

N 32.0322222 

W 90.8391667 

N 32.0322222 

W 90.8391667 

N 31.8600000 

W 90.8991667 

N 31.9483333 

W 90.9650000 

N 31.9622222 

W 91.0419444 

N 32.14787 

W 90.72487 

N 32.06062 

W 90.82622 

N 32.01124 

W 90.85436 

240 

264 

280 

259 

259 

233 

191 

382 

227 

228 

180


397 

486 

487 

488 

489 

490 

491 

492 

493 

Mississippi 

59 

60 

61 

July 15, 2005 









Jefferson County 

August 26, 2004 

August 26, 2004 

August 26, 2004 

Edge of corn field between mile markers 49 and 50 

Needle-leaved evergreen seasonally/temporarily flooded forest with 

rounded crowns between mile markers 59 and 60 

Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest 54 and 55 

along the Rocky Springs pull off 

Margin of a cultivated cotton field between mile markers 47 and 48 


47 


markers 46 and 47 at the Mangum Mound pull off 


42 along the Sunken Trace 







Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at the Bullen 


Mixed needle–leaved evergreen – cold-deciduous forest at the Coles 

Creek Picnic area between mile markers 17 and 18 

- 180 - 

N 32.01926 

W 90.84810 

N 32.12610 

W 90.75432 

N 32.08649 

W 90.79870 

N 31.99926 

W 90.87163 

N 31.99652 

W 90.88220 

N 31.99354 

W 90.899166 

N 31.97016 

W 90.95555 

N 31.99099 

W 90.93434 

N 31.99468 

W 90.91275 

N 31.8020556 

W 91.0987500 

N 31.7236389 

W 91.1760278 

N 31.7108333 

W 91.1791667 

152 

238 

276 

163 

130 

191 

233 

253 

277 

529 

397 

175


62 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

281 

282 

283 

284 

285 

August 26, 2004 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

Cold-deciduous seasonally/temporarily flooded forest at the Loess 

Bluff pull off between mile markers 12 and 13 






22 






Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest between mile marker 30 and 

31 


25 


22 


22 



- 181 - 

N 31.6465000 

W 91.2100556 

N 31.8152778 

W 90.0795000 

N 31.78636 

W 91.11785 

N 31.7600833 

W 91.7600833 

N 31.7237500 

W 91.1755278 

N 31.71509 

W 91.17827 

N 31.6280833 

W 91.2360556 

N 31.8427778 

W 91.0586111 

N 31.7852778 

W 91.1194444 

N 31.7669444 

W 91.1652778 

N 31.7627222 

W 91.1669722 

N 31.7575000 

W 91.1747222 

12 

38 

23 

24 

27 

304 

244 

198 

108 

174 

151 

502 

330 

187 

164 

164 

211


286 

87 

288 

289 

290 

291 

293 

299 

404 

405 

406 

407 

May 12, 2005 

May 12, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 








16 







Dense tall grassland (>60% cover) at Mount Locust between mile 


Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at Mount Locust between mile 


Cultivated and hayed prairie between mile markers 17 and 18 




30 

- 182 - 

N 31.7283333 

W 91.1750000 

N 31.7238889 

W 91.1755556 

N 31.6852778 

W 91.1875000 

N 31.6863889 

W 91.19048 

N 31.6464167 

W 91.2100833 

N 31.6437500 

W 91.2136111 

N 31.6122778 

W 91.2606944 

N 31.6869722 

W 91.1893333 

N 31.6869722 

W 91.1893333 

N 31.71629 

W 91.17827 

N 31.72377 

W 91.17540 

N 31.83241 

W 91.07081 

175 

263 

263 

205 

304 

303 

293 

205 

205 

151 

161 

282


494 

495 

496 

Mississippi 

123 

124 

292 

294 

295 

296 

297 

298 

398 




Adams County 

March 11, 2005 

March 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

May 11, 2005 

July 16, 2005 






16 at Mount Locust 


9 




marker 9 






4 


2 



Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest between Southern Terminus 

and mile marker 1 

- 183 - 

N 31.7825778 

W 91.119444 

N 31.7669444 

W 91.1652778 

N 31.68864 

W 91.18883 

N 31.6073889 

W 91.2609722 

N 31.6073889 

W 91.2624167 

N 31.6174444 

W 91.2545000 

N 31.5929722 

W 91.2729722 

N 31.5924167 

W 91.2729722 

N 31.5683333 

W 91.3097222 

N 31.5524167 

W 91.3488333 

N 31.5506389 

W 91.3558056 

N 31.54559 

W 91.37008 

33 

13 

187 

176 

206 

291 

295 

369 

296 

306 

232 

159 

145 

135


399 

400 

401 

402 

403 

497 

498 

499 

500 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 

July 16, 2005 













Lowland broad-leaved deciduous forest at the Old Trace pull off 






Disturbed roadside between mile markers 0 and 1 

Disturbed roadside at the Southern Terminus between mile markers 0 


- 184 - 

N 31.54788 

W 91.36541 

N 31.55086 

W 91.35631 

N 31.55946 

W 91.32860 

N 31.58602 

W 91.28171 

N 31.61509 

W 91.25691 

N 31.6122778 

W 97.1791667 

N 31.55946 

W 91.32860 

N 31.55088 

W 91.35611 

N 31.54559 

W 91.37008 

144 

109 

236 

275 

370 

293 

236 

145 

135

APPENDIX B 

Endemic Vascular Plants of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee 

- 185 -

Appendix B: Endemic Vascular Plants of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee 

Family Taxon NATR Voucher State Reference(s) 

Amaranthaceae Amaranthus muricatus (Gillies ex Moq.) Gillies ex Hieron. N AL USDA iii 

Aristolochiaceae Hexastylis speciosa Harper N AL ANHP i , USDA 

Aspleniaceae Asplenium boydstoniae (Walt.) Short N AL USDA 

Asteraceae Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg. ex Sweet var. inclinata J. Allison N AL ANHP 

Asteraceae Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small Y TN TNHP ii , USDA 

Asteraceae Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd var. dolomiticolor J. Allison N AL ANHP 

Asteraceae Hymenoxys anthemoides (Juss.) Cass. N AL USDA 

Asteraceae Liatris freemaniana J. Allison N AL USDA 

Asteraceae Liatris macdanieliana J. Allison N AL USDA 

Asteraceae Liatris oligocephala J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA 

Asteraceae Picris pauciflora Willd. N AL USDA 

Asteraceae Pityopsis ruthii (Small) Small N TN TNHP, USDA 

Asteraceae Pluchea yucatanensis Nesom N MS USDA 

Asteraceae Silphium glutinosum J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA 

Asteraceae Silphium perplexum J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA 

Asteraceae Solidago arenicola B.R. Keener & Kral N AL ANHP 

Berberidaceae Berberis julianae Schneid. N AL USDA 

Berberidaceae Berberis sargentiana C. K. Snied. N AL USDA 

Boraginaceae Onosmodium decipiens J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA 

Brassicaceae Leavenworthia alabamica Rollins N AL USDA 

Brassicaceae Leavenworthia crassa Rollins N AL ANHP, USDA 

Brassicaceae Leavenworthia stylosa Gray N TN USDA 

Brassicaceae Lesquerella lyrata Rollins Y AL ANHP, USDA 

Brassicaceae Lesquerella maxima (Rollins) Rollins Y TN USDA 

Brassicaceae Lesquerella perforata Rollins N TN TNHP, USDA 

Brassicaceae Lesquerella stonensis Rollins N TN TNHP, USDA 

Capparaceae Cleome diffusa Banks ex DC. N AL USDA 

- 186 -


Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq. N AL USDA 

Convolvulaceae Ipomoea cordifolia Carey ex Voight N AL USDA 

Cyperaceae Carex brysonii Naczi N AL ANHP, USDA 

Cyperaceae Scleria bourgeaui Boeckl. N AL USDA 

Cyperaceae Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urban N AL USDA 

Euphorbiaceae Croton alabamensis E. A. Sm. ex Chapman var. alabamensis N AL ANHP 

Euphorbiaceae Glochidion puberum (L.) Hutch. N AL USDA 

Fabaceae Astragalus bibullatus Barneby & Bridges N TN TNHP, USDA 

Fabaceae Dalea cahaba J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA 

Fabaceae Indigofera kirilowii Maxim. ex Palibin N TN USDA 

Fabaceae Indigofera parviflora K. Heyne ex Wight & Arn. N AL USDA 

Fabaceae Trifolium michelianum Savi N MS USDA 

Fagaceae Quercus boyntonii Beadle N AL USDA 

Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus gattingeri Hu N TN USDA 

Isoetaceae Isoetes tennesseensis Luebke and Budke N TN TNHP 

Lamiaceae Blephilia subnuda R. Simmers & Kral N AL USDA 

Lamiaceae Scutellaria alabamensis Alexander N AL ANHP, USDA 

Liliaceae Lilium regale E.H. Wilson N AL USDA 

Loganiaceae Spigelia gentianoides Chapman ex A. DC. var. alabamensis K. Gould N AL ANHP 

Lythraceae Lythrum thymifolia L. N AL USDA 

Poaceae Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth N AL USDA 

Poaceae Paspalum quadrifarium Lam. N MS USDA 

Poaceae Sasa palmata (hort. ex Burb.) E.G. Camas N TN USDA 

Poaceae Spartina maritima (M.A. Curtis) Fern. N MS USDA 

Polemoniaceae Phlox pulchra Wherry N AL USDA 

Polemoniaceae Phlox rugelii Brand (pro sp.) N TN USDA 

Primulaceae Lysimachia graminea (Greene) Hand.-Maz. N AL USDA 

Ranunculaceae Clematis morefieldii Kral N AL USDA 

Ranunculaceae Delphinium alabamicum Kral Y AL ANHP 

- 187 -


Rosaceae Crataegus alma Beadle N MS USDA 

Rosaceae Crataegus annosa Beadle N AL USDA 

Rosaceae Crataegus helvina Ashe N TN USDA 

Rosaceae Crataegus mendosa Beadle N AL USDA 

Rosaceae Crataegus ravida Ashe N TN USDA 

Rosaceae Rosa obtusiuscula Rydb. N TN USDA 

Rosaceae Spiraea hypericifolia L. N MS USDA 

Sarraceniaceae Sarracenia rubra Walt. ssp. alabamensis (F.W. & R.B. Case) Schnell N AL ANHP 

Scrophulariaceae Castilleja kraliana J. Allison N AL ANHP, USDA 

Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris pilosa (Mart. & Gal.) Crawford N AL USDA 

Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris pilosa (Mart. & Gal.) Crawford var. alabamensis Crawford N AL ANHP 

Verbenaceae Glandularia tenera (Spreng.) Cabrera N AL USDA 

Verbenaceae Verbena supina L. N AL USDA 

i ANHP 2006. Alabama Inventory List: the Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals of Alabama. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Montgomery, Alabama. 

ii TNHP 2004. Rare Plant List. Tennessee Natural Heritage Program. Division of Natural Heritage, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Nashville, Tennessee. 

iii USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70879-4490 USA. 

- 188 -

APPENDIX C 

Locations of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plant Taxa on the Natchez Trace Parkway 

- 189 -

Appendix C – Locations of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plant Taxa on the Natchez Trace Parkway 

This detailed results and discussion section concerning rare, threatened, and endangered plant taxa, is 

placed in this appendix to provide a “stand alone” document which is not intended to be publically accessible. A 

general discussion of these taxa is provided in section 3.3.7 in the main body of the report and does not reveal 

any identifiable locations where historical or extant plants or populations may exist. The results provided in this 

appendix are a compilation of two previously stated reports; Rosso and Reed 1996 and TNC 1995. In addition, a 

report of two potentialy new populations of A. priceana B. L. Robbins, are discussed. 

New Taxon Locations and Populations: 

Apios priceana B. L. Robbins, Price’s potato-bean - In August 2004, populations of plants were 

encountered at two separate sites in Tennessee which appeared similar to a photo of A. priceana. Without 

having any available characters to determine if this plant was indeed A. priceana, the endangered taxon, or A. 

americana, it was decided to document the occurence and location with digital photo voucher and recheck 

measurements on the July 2005 collection trip. However, on two subsequent trips in July and October 2005, 

each of the two locations was rechecked for the presence of the plants. On both occasions, no plants were 

observed at either location. Therefore measurements could not be taken to determine which Apios sp. was 

actually present. As discussed in Section 3.3.1, the regular mowing of the roadsides and adjacent prairies 

undoubtedly had an impact of the development of the NATR flora from season to season. The failure to relocate 

A. priceana at these sites is believed to be the result of this maintenance. 

As stated previously, the original observations were made on 20 August 2004, when most of the roadsides 

and prairies were in an unmown condition. At that time two locations were found, each consisting of what would 

appear to be multiple individuals of A. priceana. The first site was on the northeast corner of the intersection of 

the NATR and Tennessee Highway 64 between mile markers 370 and 371 (TAES Site #18 - N 35.3219167, W 

87.5799444). At this site, plants were observed growing on the east side of a small isolated grove of trees near 

the roadway. Individual plants were observed growing on the shaded edge of the trees and a few individuals had 

extended into the adjacent prairie supported by the dense grass cover and other herbaceous vegetation. All 

plants appeared to be healthy and many were flowering at that time. On the same day a second site was located 

on the west side of the NATR in a wet meadow just before the Alabama state line between mile markers 342 and 

343 (TAES Site # 21 - N 35.0180556, W 87.8231944). At this site individuals were again found growing along the 

shaded edge of the tree line at the north end of the meadow. Although fewer in number all plants again appeared 

to be healthy and flowering. Additional observations at this site revealed multiple individuals which exhibited 

- 190 -

some degree of color variation in the flowers. This color difference could indicate multiple taxa or just a natural 

range of variation within a single taxon. On subsequent trips, both sites had been mowed up to, and in some 

cases beyond, the tree line and there was no evidence of the previously documented populations. 

Previously Documented Taxa and Populations 

In the table that follows, known locations of extant plants or populations are listed alphabeticaly by taxon, 

and include the latest documented observation date and the source of such data. Locations verified in reports by 

TNC 1995 and Rosso and Reed 1996 are in bold text. 

- 191 -

Taxon State Location Last Verified Reference 

Amelanchier arborea AL Site 2A/16 5/12/1995 TNC 1995 i 

Apios priceana * TN TAES Site # 21 (N 35.0180556, W 87.8231944) - wet meadow just before the 

Alabama state line between mile markers 343 and 342 

8/20/2004 Hatch and Kruse 2007 iii 

Apios priceana * TN TAES Site # 18 (N 35.3219167, W 87.5799444) - NE corner of intersection at 

NATR and Highway 64, between mile markers 370 and 371 

8/20/2004 Hatch and Kruse 2007 

Arabis georgiana AL 6.2 miles S of the junction of AL 20 and Natchez Trace Parkway. On bank of 

Colbert Creek at Rock Spring pulloff. 

3/28/1975 TNC 1995 

Arenaria fontinalis TN Swan Creek, where the Natchez Trace Parkway crosses U.S. 412 (TN 99) on 

N side of creek and E side of the parkway. Seep at base of limestone bluff. 

3/29/1993 TNC 1995 

Asarum candadense MS Witch Dance site 7/26/1995 TNC 1995 

Aster ericoides MS Chickasaw Village Site, in portion of prairie reseeded to fescue and in cedar 

woodland. 

10/15/1991 TNC 1995 

Cacalia suaveolens TN Site #1E/5c, 5 vegetative plants 6/23/1995 TNC 1995 

Cacalia suaveolens TN Buffalo River Floodplain, East Northeast side of the river. 5-10 vegetative 

plants. 

6/8/1995 TNC 1995 

Cacalia suaveolens TN Sandy silt of low woods at Metal Ford. 6/22/1995 TNC 1995 

Cacalia suaveolens TN Little Buffalo River Registered State Natural Area. In floodplain, hundreds of 

basal rosettes and dried inflorescences scattered over several acres. 

5/18/1995 TNC 1995 

Cacalia suaveolens TN Edge of woods, below Natchez Trace Parkway bridge over Buffalo River. Both 

sides of bridge. 

5/18/1995 TNC 1995 

Cacalia suaveolens MS Cave Spring pulloff, growing in limestone sink and cave area under light 

shade of hardwoods and rock ledges. 

5/27/1986 TNC 1995 

Coreopsis auriculata MS Site 3A/8 4/13/1995 TNC 1995 

Coreopsis auriculata MS Site #a/16 4/13/1995 TNC 1995 

Coreopsis auriculata MS Site 3A/19 4/13/1995 TNC 1995 

Coreopsis auriculata MS Site 3A/26 at Bear Creek 4/14/1995 TNC 1995 

Coreopsis auriculata MS Site 3a/33 at Bear Creek Mounds 4/14/1995 TNC 1995 

Dennstaedtia punctilobula AL Site 2C/24a at Tennessee River 5/11/1995 TNC 1995 

Dennstaedtia punctilobula AL Site 2A/25 adjacent to Lindsay Creek 5/12/1995 TNC 1995 

Drosera brevifolia TN Meriwether Lewis National Monument, 100 yards S of office. 5/20/1945 TNC 1995 

- 192 -


Gentiana saponaria AL Site 2D/14 5/4/1995 TNC 1995 

Hydrastis canadensis TN Sweetwater Branch Registered State Natural Area. Along nature trail through 

stream terrace SE of McGee Cemetary 

4/11/1984 TNC 1995 

Isopyrum biternatum AL Site 2C/24B, at Tennessee River 5/11/1995 TNC 1995 

Juglans cinerea TN Little Buffalo River Registered State Narural Area. 5 trees, 4 live and 1 snag 

seen along the N side of the river and on the island in the middle of the river. 

5/18/1995 TNC 1995 

Juglans cinerea TN Little Swan Creek at the Meriwether Lewis picnic area. 5 trees within 100 

meters of the picnic area S of the creek and upstream of the picnic area 

8/3/1995 TNC 1995 

Juglans cinerea TN Follow TN 96 E from the parkway to Egypt Hollow Road. Immediately past the 

FHWA trailer on the left, there is a hollow on the left side of Egypt Hollow 

Road. 1 tree is located less than 50 meters from Egypt Hollow Road to the N 

of the small stream that runs through the bottom of the hollow. 

8/4/1995 TNC 1995 

Juncus brachycephalus TN Natchez Trace Parkway, edge of Little Swan Creek 50 meters upstream of 

bridge 

4/1/1984 TNC 1995 

Lilium michiganense TN Sweetwater Branch Registered State Natural Area. Along nature trail through 

stream terrace SE of McGee Cemetary 

4/11/1984 TNC 1995 

Lilium michiganense TN Along Little Swan Creek, N of Meriwether Lewis National Monument, on 

Natchez Trace Parkway 

7/4/1970 TNC 1995 

Lilium michiganense TN Below Natchez Trace Parkway bridge over Buffalo River, N side of river, E 

side of bridge. 

6/18/1997 TNC 1995 

Lilium michiganense TN Site #1E/16 at approximately mile marker 389.7 on the Natchez Trace 

Parkway. 3 plants seen on E side of stream in streamside bottom near the 

mouth of adjacent hollow. 

6/29/1995 TNC 1995 

Lonicera flava TN Metal Ford Registered State Natural Area, on edges and exposed faces of 

small rock bluffs opposite parking area. 

5/14/1984 TNC 1995 

Marshallia trinervia TN Site #1G/18B at pulloff for Jack’s Branch. 3 plants seen approximately 3 

meters S of the nature trail immediately after it crosses Jack’s Branch the 

second time 

6/9/1995 TNC 1995 

Marshallia trinervia TN Site #1E/5B at bridge over Little Swan Creek. At least 20 plants scattered 

along the bank of Little Swan Creek within 100 meters of the bridge both 

upstream and downstream 

8/31/1995 TNC 1995 

Marshallia trinervia TN Little Swan Creek Registered State Natural Area at Meriwether Lewis National 

Monument, low wet woods near stream. 

6/23/1995 TNC 1995 

Marshallia trinervia TN 1 mile N of Buffalo River, ca. 150 yards upstream from Durham Branch 

parking pulloff. 

6/17/1987 TNC 1995 

Menispermum canadense MS Site 3E/16b 7/28/1995 TNC 1995 

- 193 -


Mikania cordifolia MS Southern terminus 1996 Rosso and Reed 1996 ii 

Osmorhiza longistylis MS Witch Dance site 7/26/1995 TNC 1995 

Pachysandra procumbens AL Site 2A/10a at Rock Springs pulloff 5/17/1995 TNC 1995 

Panax quinquefolius MS Site # 1F/13A on S side of access road to the parking lot at Metal Ford. 1 

plant seen on hillside slope that drains into mucky bottom. 

6/9/1995 TNC 1995 

Panax quinquefolius MS Site # 1B/8 at approximately mile marker 422.6 on the Natchez Trace 

Parkway. 1 plant seen on the W facing slope of a small free flowing stream 

valley. 

7/18/1995 TNC 1995 

Parnassia grandifolia TN Lewis County, very few plants 6/23/1995 TNC 1995 

Parnassia grandifolia TN Natchez Trace Parkway, edge of Little Swan Creek 50 meters upstream of 

bridge. 

5/18/1995 TNC 1995 

Spiranthes lucida TN Little Swan Creek at Meriwether Lewis National Monument, along border of 

stream 

5/26/1945 TNC 1995 

Spiranthes ovalis TN Meriwether Lewis National Monument. N of Hwy. 20 at Natchez Trace 

Parkway, “at entrance area” 

8/5/1945 TNC 1995 

Swertia caroliniensis MS Site 3B/8b 3/28/1995 TNC 1995 

Trichomanes boschianum MS Cave Spring pulloff, growing on ceiling of Mingo Cave just inside of entrance 

in dim light 

5/10/2006 Hatch and Kruse 2007 

Trilium sessile AL Site 2D/8a 5/5/1995 TNC 1995 

Trilium sessile AL Site 2D/20 5/4/1995 TNC 1995 

Trilium sessile AL Site 2C/24a at Tennessee River 5/11/1995 TNC 1995 

Trilium sessile AL Site 2C/24c at Tennessee River 5/11/1995 TNC 1995 

Trilium sessile AL Site 2A/10a at Rock Spring pulloff 5/11/1995 TNC 1995 

Trilium sessile AL Site 2A/10c at Rock Spring pulloff 5/12/1995 TNC 1995 

Uvularia grandiflora AL Site 2D/8a 5/5/1995 TNC 1995 

Uvularia grandiflora AL Site 2D/20 8/10/1995 TNC 1995 

Xyris tennesseensis TN Edge of Little Swan Creek, just upstream from bridge over parkway, ca. 50 

meters of bridge. 1992: Somers “Along the N bank between the bridge and a 

large cedar ca. 200 feet downstream”. 

- 194 - 

8/3/1995 TNC 1995 

i The Nature Conservancy Tennessee Chapter (TNC). 1995. A General Biological Survey of the Natchez Trace Parkway: Appendix I. National Park Service, Tupelo, Mississippi. 

ii Rosso, S.W. and D. Reed. 1996. Natchez Trace Parkway Southern Terminus Terrestrial Plant Baseline Survey Selected Taxa. Natchez Trace Parkway, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 

iii Hatch, S. L. and D. A. Kruse. 2007. The Vascular Flora of the Natchez Trace Parkway. Natchez Trace Parkway, National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior

APPENDIX D 

Alphabetical List (by Genus) of the Vascular Flora of the Natchez Trace Parkway 

- 195 -


Abelia X grandiflora (Rovelli ex André) Rehd. 1 [chinensis x uniflora] 

I, P 

Abutilon theophrasti Medik. 1 velvetleaf I, A, W, IN 

Acalypha gracilens Gray slender threeseed mercury N, A Phillips 548 AL 

Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell 2 pineland threeseed mercury N, A, W 

Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. 1 common threeseed mercury N, A 

Acalypha virginica L. 1 Virginia threeseed mercury N, A, W 

Acer barbatum Michx. 1 southern sugar maple N, P 

Acer negundo L. box elder N, P Phillips 344 TN 

Acer nigrum Michx. f. black maple N, P Phillips 1243 TN 

Acer platanoides L. Norway maple I, P, W, IN Hatch 9897 MS 

Acer rubrum L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Sarg. 2 Drummond's maple N, P 

Acer saccharum Marsh. var. saccharum sugar maple N, P Phillips 533 AL 

Achillea millefolium L. yarrow N/I, P, W Hatch 9224 MS 

Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen var. repens (Walt.) R.K. Jansen oppositeleaf spotflower N, P Hatch 10072 MS 

Aconitum uncinatum L. 2 southern mock monkshood N, P 

Acorus calamus L. 2 calamus N, P 

Actaea pachypoda Ell. 1 white baneberry N, P 

Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa1 black bugbane N, P 

Actaea rubifolia (Kearny) Kartesz2 Appalachian bugbane N, P 

Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 2 common maidenhair N, P 

Adiantum pedatum L. northern maidenhair N, P Kruse 910 TN 

Adonis annua L. 2 blooddrops I, A 

Aegilops cylindrica Host 2 jointed goatgrass I, A, W, IN 

- 196 -


Aesculus flava Ait. 

yellow buckeye 

N, P 

Hatch 9469 MS 

Aesculus glabra Willd. 2 Ohio buckeye N, P 

Aesculus pavia L. red buckeye N, P Hatch 8794 MS 

Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. beach false foxglove N, A Hatch 10004 MS 

Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small1 roundstem false foxglove N, A 

Agalinis heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex Britt. 1 prairie false foxglove N, A 

Agalinis obtusifolia Raf. 1 tenlobe false foxglove N, A 

Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell purple false foxglove N, A Hatch 9926 MS 

Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. tenuifolia1 slenderleaf false foxglove N, A 

Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze2 yellow giant hyssop N, P 

Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. altissima white snakeroot N, P Phillips 373 TN 

Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach var. aromatica 1 lesser snakeroot N, P 

Agrimonia parviflora Ait. 1 harvestlice N, P 

Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. groovebur N, P Phillips 687 MS 

Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. woodland groovebur N, P Phillips 489 TN 

Agrimonia striata Michx. 1 roadside agrimony N, P 

Agrostemma githago L. 1 common corncockle I, A, W 

Agrostis elliottiana J.A. Schultes 2 Elliott's bentgrass N, A 

Agrostis gigantea Roth 2 redtop I, P 

Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. winter bentgrass N, P Hatch 9129 MS 

Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman autumn bentgrass N, P Phillips 383 TN 

Agrostis scabra Willd. 2 rough bentgrass N, P 

Agrostis stolonifera L. creeping bentgrass N, P Kruse 1473 TN 

Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle tree of heaven I, P 

- 197 -


Aira caryophyllea L. 

silver hairgrass 

I, A 

Hatch 9191 MS 

Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth annual silver hairgrass I,A Kruse 1348 TN 

Albizia julibrissin Durazz. mimosa tress I, P, W, IN Phillips 491 TN 

Alcea rosea L. 2 hollyhock I, B/P 

Aletris farinosa L. 1 white colicroot N, P 

Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande 2 garlic mustard I, A/B 

Allium ampeloprasum L. 1 broadleaf wild leek I, P 

Allium canadense L. wild onion N, P, W, IN Phillips 915 TN 

Allium cernuum Roth 2 nodding onion N, P 

Allium sativum L. cultivated garlic I, P Hatch 9214 MS 

Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker-Gawl. 2 autumn onion N, P 

Allium tricoccum Ait. 2 wild leek N, P 

Allium vineale L. 2 wild garlic N, P 

Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. hazel alder N, P Phillips 482 TN 

Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. Carolina foxtail N, A Hatch 8758 MS 

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. alligatorweed I, P, W, IN Phillips 635 MS 

Amaranthus albus L. 2 prostrate pigweed N, A 

Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 2 mat amaranth I, A, W, IN 

Amaranthus caudatus L. 2 love-lies-bleeding I, A 

Amaranthus hybridus L. 1 slim amaranth N, A, W 

Amaranthus retroflexus L. 2 redroot amaranth N, A, W, IN 

Amaranthus spinosus L. 1 spiny amaranth N, A, W 

Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer 2 roughfruit amaranth N, A 

Amaranthus viridis L. slender amaranth N, A , W Hatch 9776 MS 

- 198 -


Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 

common ragweed 

N, A, W, IN 


Ambrosia bidentata Michx. 2 lanceleaf ragweed N, A 

Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Cuman ragweed N, A/P Hatch 10024 MS 

Ambrosia trifida L. giant ragweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 536 AL 

Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. 1 common serviceberry N, P 

Amelanchier laevis Wieg. 2 Allegheny serviceberry N, P 

Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walt.) Gray 2 flypoison N, P 

Ammannia coccinea Rottb. purple ammannia N, A, W Phillips 598 MS 

Ammoselinum butleri(Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2 Butler's sandparsley N, A 

Ammoselinum popei Torr. & Gray 2 plains sandparsley N, A 

Amorpha fruticosa L. desert false indigo N, P Hatch 9740 MS 

Amorpha glabra Desf. ex Poir. 2 mountain false indigo N, P 

Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne peppervine N, P, W Phillips 588 MS 

Ampelopsis cordata Michx. 2 heartleaf peppervine N, P 

Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. 2 prairie broomweed N, A, W 

Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. 1 American hogpeanut N, A/P 

Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. gattingeri Woods. 2 eastern bluestar N, P 

Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. tabernaemontana 1 eastern bluestar N, P 

Anagallis arvensis L. 1 scarlet pimpernel I, A/B 

Anagallis minima (L.) Krause2 chaffweed N, A 

Andropogon gerardii Vitman big bluestem N, P, W Phillips 624 MS 

Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. bushy bluestem N, P Hatch 9823 MS 

Andropogon gyrans Ashe Elliot's bluestem N, P Hatch 9910 MS 

Andropogon ternarius Michx. 1 splitbeard bluestem N, P 

- 199 -


Andropogon virginicus L. 

broomsedge bluestem 

N, P, W, IN 

Hatch 9937 MS 

Anemone caroliniana Walt. 2 Carolina anemone N, P 

Anemone quinquefolia L. 1 wood anemone N, P 

Anemone virginiana L. 1 tall thimbleweed N, P 

Angelica atropurpurea L. 1 purplestem angelica N, P 

Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern. hairy angelica N, P Phillips 1158 TN 

Antennaria parlinii Fern.subsp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins1 Parlin's pussytoes N, P 

Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. woman's tobacco N, P Phillips 818 TN 

Antennaria solitaria Rydb. 1 singlehead pussytoes N, P 

Anthemis arvensis L. 2 corn chamomile I, A 

Anthemis cotula L. 1 stinking chamomile I, A, W, IN 

Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. annual vernalgrass I, A Hatch 9335 MS 

Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1 sweet vernalgrass N/I, P 

Anthriscus caucalis Bieb. 2 burr chervil I, A 

Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. & Reut.) Rothm. 2 slender parsley piert I, A 

Apios americana Medik. 1 groundnut N, P 

Apios priceana B.L. Robbins Price's potato-bean N, P, T (F), 


E (AL, MS, TN) Photograph 

Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian hemp N, P, W, IN Hatch 9459 MS 

Aquilegia canadensis L. 2 red columbine N, P 

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. 1 mouseear cress I, A 

Arabis canadensis L. 2 sicklepod N, B 

Arabis georgiana Harper 2 Georgia rockcress N, B 

Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. 2 tower rockcress N, A/B/P 

- 200 -


Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins 2 

creamflower rockcress 

N, A/B/P 

Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. var. laevigata 2 smooth rockcress N, B 

Arabis perstellata E.L. Braun 2 Nevada rockcress N, P 

Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason 2 Short's rockcress N, B/P 

Aralia racemosa L. 1 American spikenard N, P 

Aralia spinosa L. devil's walkingstick N, P Hatch 10054 MS 

Arctium minus Bernh. 1 lesser burdock I, B, W, IN 

Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. spreading sandwort N, P Phillips334 TN 

Arenaria serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf sandwort I, A Hatch 8809 MS 

Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott. green dragon N, P Phillips 737 MS 

Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott. subsp. pusillum (Peck) Huttleston2 Jack-in-the-pulpit N, P 

Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma churchmouse threeawn N, A Hatch 9907a MS 

Aristida longispica Poir. var. longispica slimspike threeawn N, A Hatch 9914 MS 

Aristida oligantha Michx. prairie threeawn N, A, W Hatch 9935 MS 

Aristida purpurascens Poir. var. tenuispica (A.S. Hitchc.) Allred arrowfeather threeawn N, P Hatch 9907 MS 

Aristida ramosissima Engelm. ex Gray 2 s-curve threeawn N, A 

Aristolochia serpentaria L. 2 Virginia snakeroot N, P 

Aristolochia tomentosa Sims 2 woolly dutchman's pipe N, P 

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins. 1 pale Indian plantain N, P 

Arnoglossum ovatum (Walt.) H.E. Robins. 1 ovateleaf cacalia N, P 

Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. 2 groovestem Indian plantain N, P 

Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H.E. Robins. 2 great Indian plantain N, P 

Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J.& K. Presl var. elatius 2 tall oatgrass I, P 

Artemisia annua L. 1 sweet sagewort I, A 

- 201 -


Artemisia vulgaris L. 2 

common wormwood 

N/I, P 

Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpgrass I, A Hatch 9819 MS 

Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. pubescens (Rydb.) Fern. 1 bride's feathers N, P 

Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara1 bride's feathers I, P 

Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. subsp. gigantean 2 giant cane N, P 

Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. subsp. tecta (Walt.) McClure 2 giant cane N, P 

Arundo donax L. 1 giant reed I, P, W, IN 

Asarum canadense L. Canadian wild ginger N, P Phillips 735 MS 

Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. 1 clasping milkweed N, P 

Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woods. 2 green milkweed N, P 

Asclepias incarnata L. subsp. incarnate 2 swamp milkweed N, P 

Asclepias perennis Walt. 1 aquatic milkweed N, P 

Asclepias purpurascens L. purple milkweed N, P Phillips 309 TN 

Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. 1 fourleaf milkweed N, P 

Asclepias syriaca L. broadleaf milkweed N, P, W Phillips 399 TN 

Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly milkweed N, P Phillips 433 TN 

Asclepias variegata L. white milkweed N, P Phillips 506 

Asclepias verticillata L. 1 whorled milkweed N, P, W 

Asclepias viridiflora Raf. 1 green comet milkweed N, P 

Asclepias viridis Walt. green antelopehorn N, P Hatch 9233 MS 

Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal pawpaw N, P Phillips 360 TN 

Asparagus officinalis L. 2 garden asparagus I, P 

Asplenium montanum Willd. 2 mountain spleenwort N, P 

Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. 2 lobed spleenwort N, P 

- 202 -


Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. 

ebony spleenwort 

N, P 

Kruse 973 AL 

Asplenium resiliens Kunze blackstem spleenwort N, P Kruse 1156 AL 

Asplenium rhizophyllum L. walking fern N, P Kruse 1477 TN 

Asplenium ruta-muraria L. 2 wallrue N, P 

Asplenium trichomanes L. 2 maidenhair spleenwort N, P 

Astragalus canadensis L. 2 Canadian milkvetch N, P 

Astragalus tennesseensis Gray ex Chapman 2 Tennessee milkvetch N, P 

Astragalus villosus Michx. bearded milkvetch N, A Hatch 9660 MS 

Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. 2 entireleaf western daisy N, A 

Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens subsp. asplenioides (Michx.) Hultén asplenium ladyfern N, P Kruse 1492 TN 

Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. flava1 smooth yellow false foxglove N, P 

Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. macrantha Pennell1 smooth yellow false foxglove N, P 

Aureolaria patula (Chapman) Pennell2 spreading yellow false foxglove N, P 

Aureolaria pectinata (Nutt.) Pennell1 combleaf yellow false foxglove N, A 

Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. var. pedicularia1 fernleaf yellow false foxglove N, A 

Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell1 downy yellow false foxglove N, P 

Avena sativa L. common oats I, A, W Hatch 9434 MS 

Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv. broadleaf carpetgrass N, P Phillips 538a AL 

Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kunth. common carpetgrass N, P Hatch 9634 MS 

Azolla caroliniana Willd. 2 Carolina mosquitofern N, A 

Baccharis halimifolia L. eastern baccharis N, P Phillips 727 MS 

Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. 2 disk waterhyssop N, P, W 

Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely largeleaf wild indigo N, P Hatch 9322 MS 

Baptisia australis (L.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. var. minor (Lehm.) Fern. blue wild indigo N, P Hatch 10030 MS 

- 203 -


Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. 1 

horseflyweed 

N, P 

Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers. 1 early yellowrocket I, B/P 

Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. 2 garden yellowrocket I, B, W, IN 

Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. twining screwstem N, A/B 

Bartonia virginica (L.) B.S.P. 2 yellow screwstem N, A 

Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott 2 burningbush I, A 

Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. 1 blackberry lily I, P 

Bellis perennis L. 1 lawndaisy I, P, W 

Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch Alabama supplejack N, P Phillips 643 MS 

Berteroa incana (L.) DC. 2 hoary alyssum I, A/B/P 

Betula nigra L. river birch N, P Phillips 569 MS 

Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. bearded beggarticks N, A, W, IN Phillips 430 TN 

Bidens bipinnata L. 1 Spanish needles N, A, W 

Bidens cernua L. nodding beggartick N,A Hatch 10007 MS 

Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. purple stem beggartick N, A Hatch 9849 MS 

Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. crowned beggartick N, A Phillips 423 TN 

Bidens discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt. 2 small beggarticks N, A 

Bidens frondosa L. 2 devil's beggartick N, A, W 

Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. smooth beggartick N, A/P Phillips 1129 TN 

Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff smallfruit beggarticks N, A 

Bidens tripartita L. 2 threelobe beggarticks N, A 

Bidens vulgata Greene 2 big devils beggartick N, A 

Bignonia capreolata L. crossvine N, P Phillips 845 TN 

Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth. 1 downy pagoda-plant N, P 

- 204 -


Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. 2 

hairy pagoda-plant 

N, P 

Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. smallspike falsenettle N, P Phillips 532 AL 

Boehmeria nivea (L.) Kunze Chinese grass I, P Hatch 9767 MS 

Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér var. recognita (Fern. & Grisc.) Cronq. white doll's daisy N, P Hatch 1227 MS 

Boltonia diffusa Ell. var. interior Fern. & Grisc. smallhead doll's daisy N, P Phillips 662 MS 

Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter subsp. torreyana (Steud.) Allred & Gould 2 silver beardgrass N, P 

Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus pitted beardgrass I, P Hatch 9971 MS 

Botrychium biternatum (Sav.) L. Underwood var. asplenoides (Michx.) Farwell sparselobe grapefern N, P Kruse 936 TN 

Botrychium dissectum Spreng. 2 cutleaf grapefern N, P 

Botyrichum virginianum (L.) Sw. rattlesnake fern N, P Kruse 1383 MS 

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. 2 sideoats grama N, P 

Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.) Beauv. bearded shorthusk N, P Phillips 364 TN 

Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. watershield N, P Phillips 565 MS 

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. India mustard I, A/P Phillips 808 TN 

Brassica nigra (L.) Koch black mustard I, A Hatch 8792 MS 

Brassica rapa L. 2 field mustard I, A/B, W, IN 

Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. eupatorioides 2 false boneset N, P 

Briza minor L. little quakinggrass I, P Kruse 1371 MS 

Bromus catharticus Vahl rescue grass I, A, W Phillips 522 AL 

Bromus ciliatus L. fringed brome N, P Hatch 9807 MS 

Bromus inermis Leyss. 2 smooth brome N/I, P, W, IN 

Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr. Japanese brome I, A, W Hatch 8779 MS 

Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. hairy woodland brome N, P Hatch 9471 MS 

Bromus racemosus L. bald brome N, A Hatch 9094b MS 

- 205 -


Bromus secalinus L. 

ryebrome 

I, A, W 

Hatch 9074 MS 

Bromus sterilis L. barren brome I, A Kruse 1323 TN 

Bromus tectorum L. 2 cheatgrass I, A, W, IN 

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér ex Vent2 paper mulberry I, P, W, IN 

Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners American buckwheat vine N, P, W Phillips 592 MS 

Buchnera americana L. American bluehearts N, P Phillips 663 MS 

Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston corn gromwell I, A, W, IN Phillips 827 TN 

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke 2 densetuft hairsedge N, A/P 

Bupleurum rotundifolium L. 2 hare's ear I, A 

Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi2 lesser calamint I, P 

Callicarpa americana L. American beautyberry N, P Phillips 540b AL 

Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray2 light poppymallow N, P 

Callitriche heterophylla Pursh twoheaded water-starwort N, P Kruse 969 AL 

Callitriche terrestris Raf. terrestrial water-starwort N, A Hatch 8761 MS 

Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. 2 tuberous grasspink N, P 

Calycanthus floridus L. var. floridus eastern sweet shrub N, P Hatch 9052 MS 

Calycocarpum lyonii (Pursh) Gray1 cupseed N, P 

Calyptocarpus vialis Less. straggler daisy I, P Hatch 9957 MS 

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. americana (Sims) Brummitt 2 hedge false bindweed N, P 

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. angulata Brummitt 1 hedge false bindweed N, P 

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. sepium 2 hedge false bindweed I, P, W 

Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh 2 low false bindweed N, P 

Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory 1 Atlantic camas N, P 

Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. 2 littlepod false flax I, A/B, W 

- 206 -


Campanula rapunculoides L. 2 

rampion bellflower 

I, P 

Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small American bellflower N, A Phillips 1138 TN 

Campsis radicans (L.) Seems ex Bureau trumpet vine N, P, W Phillips 461 TN 

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. shepard's purse I, A, W, IN Phillips 786 MS 

Cardamine angustata O.E. Schulz 1 slender toothwort N, P 

Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl) B.S.P. bulb bittercress N, P Phillips 780 MS 

Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. cutleaf toothwort N, P Phillips 751 TN 

Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Woods. 2 crinkleroot N, P 

Cardamine dissecta (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz 2 forkleaf toothwort N, P 

Cardamine douglassii Britt. 2 limestone bittercress N, P 

Cardamine hirsuta L. 2 hairy bittercress I, A 

Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt.) O.E. Schulz1 sand bittercress N, A 

Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Pennsylvania bittercress N, A Phillips 739 TN 

Cardiospermum halicacabum L. 2 love in a puff N, A/B/P, W, IN 

Carduus nutans L. nodding plumeless thistle I, B/P, W, IN Phillips 1142 TN 

Carex abscondita Mackenzie 2 thicket sedge N, P 

Carex aestivalis M.A. Curtis ex Gray 2 summer sedge N, P 

Carex aggregata Mackenzie 2 glomerate sedge N, P 

Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans 2 whitetinge sedge N, P 

Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torr.) J. Rettig 2 Emmons' sedge N, P 

Carex albolutescens Schwein. 2 greenwhite sedge N, P 

Carex albursina Sheldon white bear sedge N, P Kruse 1308 TN 

Carex amphibola Steud. eastern narrowleaf sedge N, P Kruse 1294 TN 

Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. 1 yellowfruit sedge N, P 

- 207 -


Carex atlantica Bailey subsp. atlantica 

prickly bog sedge 

N, P 

Kruse 1394 MS 

Carex atlantica Bailey subsp. capillacea (Bailey) Reznicek. prickly bog sedge N, P Kruse 1349 TN 

Carex aureolensis Steud. N, P Kruse 914 TN 

Carex baileyi Britt. 2 Bailey's sedge N, P 

Carex basiantha Steud. Willdenow's sedge N, P Hatch 9641 MS 

Carex blanda Dewey 2 eastern woodland sedge N, P, W 

Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. subsp. bromoides bromelike sedge N, P Kruse 1320 TN 

Carex bushii Mackenzie 2 Bush's sedge N, P 

Carex careyana Torr. ex Dewey 2 Carey's sedge N, P 

Carex caroliniana Schwein. 2 Carolina sedge N, P 

Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. oval leaf sedge N, P Hatch 9075 MS 

Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Cherokee sedge N, P, W Hatch 9272 MS 

Carex communis Bailey2 fibrousroot sedge N, P 

Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. hirsute sedge N, P Hatch 9444 MS 

Carex conjuncta Boott 2 soft fox sedge N, P 

Carex crawei Dewey 2 Crawe's sedge N, P 

Carex crebriflora Wieg. 2 coastal plain sedge N, P 

Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis Fern. fringed sedge N, P Kruse 945 TN 

Carex cristatella Britt. 2 crested sedge N, P 

Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze ravenfoot sedge N, P Kruse 1380 MS 

Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. 2 Davis' sedge N, P 

Carex debilis Michx. white-edge sedge N, P Kruse 1341 TN 

Carex digitalis Willd. slender woodland sedge N, P Kruse 1338 TN 

Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. fescue sedge N, P Phillips 1118 MS 

- 208 -


Carex fissa Mackenzie var. aristata J.F. Herm. 

hammock sedge 

N, P 

Hatch 9391 MS 

Carex flaccosperma Dewey 1 thinfruit sedge N, P 

Carex frankii Kunth Frank's sedge N, P Phillips 303 TN 

Carex gracillima Schwein. 2 graceful sedge N, P 

Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. limestone meadow sedge N, P Kruse 1326 TN 

Carex grayi Carey 2 Gray's sedge N, P 

Carex grisea Wahlenb. 2 inflated narrow-leaf sedge N, P 

Carex hirsutella Mackenzie 1 fuzzy wuzzy sedge N, P 

Carex hirtifolia Mackenzie 2 pubescent sedge N, P 

Carex hyalinolepis Steud. shoreline sedge N, P Hatch 9403 MS 

Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. 2 bottlebrush sedge N, P 

Carex intumescens Rudge 2 greater bladder sedge N, P 

Carex jamesii Schwein. 2 James' sedge N, P 

Carex joorii Bailey cypress swamp sedge N, P Kruse 1029 MS 

Carex laevivaginata (Kükenth.) Mackenzie 2 sedge N, P 

Carex laxiculmis Schwein. 2 spreading sedge N, P 

Carex laxiflora Lam. broad looseflower sedge N, P Kruse 1300 TN 

Carex leavenworthii Dewey 2 Leavenworth's sedge N, P 

Carex leptalea Wahlenb. bristlystalked sedge N, P Kruse 1340a TN 

Carex longii Mackenzie Long's sedge N, P Hatch 9080 MS 

Carex louisianica Bailey Louisiana sedge N, P Kruse 1021 MS 

Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. hop sedge N, P Kruse 946 TN 

Carex lurida Wahlenb. shallow sedge N, P Kruse 1494 TN 

Carex mesochorea Mackenzie 2 midland sedge N, P 

- 209 -


Carex molesta Mackenzie ex Bright 2 

troublesome sedge 

N, P 

Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. enervis Boott 2 Muhlenberg's sedge N, P 

Carex nigromarginata Schwein. 2 blackedge sedge N, P 

Carex normalis Mackenzie 2 greater straw sedge N, P 

Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 richwoods sedge N, P 

Carex oxylepisTorr. & Hook. var. pubescens J.K. Underwood 2 sharpscale sedge N, P 

Carex pensylvanica Lam. 2 Pennsylvania sedge N, P 

Carex picta Steud. 2 Boott's sedge N, P 

Carex plantaginea Lam. 2 plantainleaf sedge N, P 

Carex prasina Wahlenb. 2 drooping sedge N, P 

Carex purpurifera Mackenzie 2 purple sedge N, P 

Carex reniformis (Bailey) Small 2 kidneyshape sedge N, P 

Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. rosy sedge N, P Kruse 1319 TN 

Carex squarrosa L. 2 squarrose sedge N, P 

Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. 2 owlfruit sedge N, P 

Carex striatula Michx. 2 lined sedge N, P 

Carex stricta Lam. 2 upright sedge N, P 

Carex styloflexa Buckl. bent sedge N, P Kruse 1342 TN 

Carex swanii (Fern.) Mackenzie 2 Swan's sedge N, P 

Carex tenera Dewey 2 quill sedge N, P 

Carex texensis (Torr.) Bailey Texas sedge N, P Kruse 1331 TN 

Carex torta Boott ex Tuckerman twisted sedge N, P Kruse 1321 TN 

Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. var. sangamonensis Clokey bluntbroomsedge N, P Kruse 1498 TN 

Carex typhina Michx. cattail sedge N, P Kruse 1556 MS 

- 210 -


Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 

parasol sedge 

N, P 

Carex venusta Dewey 2 darkgreen sedge N, P 

Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd. 2 ribbed sedge N, P, R( 

Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 2 fox sedge N, P 

Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. 2 Willdenow's sedge N, P 

Carpinus caroliniana Walt. American hornbeam N, P Phillips 646 MS 

Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. mockernut hickory N, P Phillips 546 AL 

Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. water hickory N, P Hatch 9439 MS 

Carya carolinae-septentrionalis (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 1 southern shagbark hickory N, P 

Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch1 bitternut hickory N, P 

Carya glabra (P. Mill.) Sweet pignut hickory N, P Phillips 656 MS 

Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch pecan N, P Phillips 726 MS 

Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don shellbark hickory N, P Phillips 351 TN 

Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. 2 red hickory N, P 

Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch shagbark hickory N, P Phillips 889 TN 

Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. 2 sand hickory N, P 

Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. American chestnut N, P Phillips 572 MS 

Castanea mollissima Blume2 Chinese chestnut I, P 

Castanea pumila (L.) P. Mill. var. pumila1 chinkapin N, P 

Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. scarlet Indian paintbrush N, A Phillips 898 TN 

Catalpa bignonioides Walt. 2 southern catalpa N, P 

Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelm. northern catalpa N, P, W, IN Hatch 9188 MS 

Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. 2 blue cohosh N, P 

Ceanothus americanus L. 1 New Jersey tea N, P 

- 211 -


Celastrus orbiculata Thunb. 2 

Oriental bittersweet 

I, P, IN 

Celastrus scandens L. 2 American bittersweet N, P 

Celosia argentea L. 2 silver cock's comb N, A 

Celtis laevigata Willd. sugarberry N, P Phillips 648 MS 

Celtis occidentalis L. common hackberry N, P Phillips 324 TN 

Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. 1 dwarf hackberry N, P 

Cenchrus spinifex Cav. coastal sandbur N, A/P, W Kruse 1527 MS 

Centaurea cyanus L. garden cornflower I, A, W Phillips 1148 TN 

Centaurea diffusa Lam. 2 diffuse knapweed I, A/P 

Centaurea solstitialis L. 2 yellow star-thistle I, A, W, IN 

Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. spurred butterflypea N, P Phillips 577 MS 

Cephalanthus occidentalis L. buttonbush N, P Phillips 443 TN 

Cerastium arvense L. 2 field chickweed N, P 

Cerastium brachypetalum Desportes ex Pers. 2 gray chickweed I, A 

Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex Gray) B.L. Robins. 2 shortstalk chickweed N, P 

Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet 2 big chickweed I, B/P 

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. sticky chickweed I, A Phillips 774b AL 

Cerastium nutans Raf. var. nutans 2 nodding chickweed N, A/P 

Cerastium pumilum W. Curtis 2 European chickweed I, A 

Cerastium semidecandrum L. 1 fivestamen chickweed I, A 

Ceratophyllum demersum L. coon's tail N, P Phillips 694 MS 

Cercis canadensis L. redbud N, P Phillips 311 TN 

Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange2 dwarf snapdragon I, A 

Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz. spreading chervil N, A Phillips 783 MS 

- 212 -


Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook var. tainturieri 2 

hairyfruit chervil 

N, A 

Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. fasciculata sleeping plant N, A, W Phillips 465 TN 

Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans 2 sensitive partridge pea N, A/P 

Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. nictitans var. nictitans 2 sensitive partridge pea N, A/P 

Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray fairywand N, P Hatch 9350 MS 

Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray) Small 2 spreading sandmat N, A 

Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small1 hyssopleaf sandmat N, A/P, W 

Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small spotted sandmat N, A, W Phillips380 TN 

Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small 2 eyebane N, A/P, W 

Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small prostrate sandmat N, A/P Hatch 9755 MS 

Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small 2 matted sandmat N, A/P 

Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates broadleaf woodoats N, P Phillips 485 TN 

Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates slender woodoats N, P Phillips 484 TN 

Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (Poir.) Yates 1 longleaf woodoats N, P 

Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze2 Alabama lipfern N, P 

Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eat. 1 hairy lipfern N, P 

Cheilanthes tomentosa Link2 woolly lipfern N, P 

Chelone glabra L. white turtlehead N, P Phillips 1248 TN 

Chelone obliqua L. 1 red turtlehead N, P 

Chenopodium album L. 2 lambsquarters N/I, A, W, IN 

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. 1 Mexican tea I, A/P, W 

Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. var. zschackii (J. Murr.) J. Murr. ex Aschers. 1 Zschack's goosefoot N, A 

Chenopodium botrys L. 1 Jerusalem oak goosefoot I, A 

Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen 2 Standley's goosefoot N, A 

- 213 -


Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh 

spotted wintergreen 

N, P 


Chionanthus virginicus L. white fringetree N, P Phillips 693 MS 

Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Ell. 1 Maryland goldenaster N, P 

Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. 2 soft goldenaster N, A 

Cichorium intybus L. 2 chicory I, B/P, W, IN 

Cicuta maculata L. water hemlock N, B/P, W, IN Phillips 512 TN 

Cinna arundinacea L. stout woodreed N, P Phillips 517 TN 

Circaea lutetiana L. subsp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus1 broadleaf enchanter's nightshade N, P 

Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill 1 tall thistle N, B 

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 2 Canada thistle I, P, W, IN 

Cirsium carolinianum (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 1 soft thistle N, B/P 

Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Speng. field thistle N, B/P, W Phillips 547 AL 

Cirsium horridulum Michx. 1 yellow thistle N, A/B, W 

Cirsium muticum Michx. 1 swamp thistle N, B 

Cirsium scariosum Nutt. 1 meadow thistle N, B/P 

Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx. 1 Virginia thistle N, B 

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 1 bull thistle I, B, W, IN 

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai var. lanatus 2 watermelon I, A 

Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd 2 Kentucky yellowwood N, P 

Claytonia virginica L. spring beauty N, P Phillips 750 TN 

Clematis catesbyana Pursh2 satincurls N, P 

Clematis crispa L. 2 swamp leather flower N, P 

Clematis terniflora DC. 2 sweet autumn virginsbower I, P 

Clematis versicolor Small ex Rydb. 2 pale leather flower N, P 

- 214 -


Clematis viorna L. 1 

vasevine 

N, P 

Clematis virginiana L. virgin's bower N, P Phillips 300 TN 

Cleome hassleriana Chod. 2 pink queen I, A 

Clethra acuminata Michx. mountain sweetpepperbush N, P Hatch 9682 MS 

Clinopodium glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze2 Ozark calamint N, P 

Clitoria mariana L. Atlantic pigeonwings N, P Hatch 9599 MS 

Cnicus benedictus L. 2 blessed thistle I, A 

Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Carolina coralbead N, P, W Hatch 9560 MS 

Collinsonia canadensis L. 1 richweed N, P 

Collinsonia tuberosa Michx. 2 deepwoods horsebalm N, P 

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. wild taro I, P, W, IN Phillips 705 MS 

Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. 2 bastard toadflax N, P 

Commelina communis L. common dayflower I, A, W, IN Phillips 677 MS 

Commelina diffusa Burm.f. 1 climbing dayflower N, A/P, W 

Commelina erecta L. var. erecta whitemouth dayflower N, P Phillips 523 AL 

Commelina virginica L. Virginia dayflower N, P Phillips 696 MS 

Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock I, B, W, IN Phillips 844 TN 

Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. blue mistflower N, P Phillips 352 TN 

Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. 1 American cancer-root N, P 

Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. 2 hare's ear mustard I, A, W 

Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur2 doubtful knight's-spur I, A 

Convolvulus arvensis L. 1 field bindweed I, P, W, IN 

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronq. 2 Canada horseflower N, A/B 

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.var. canadensis Canada horseflower N, A/B Phillips 385 TN 

- 215 -


Conyza ramosissima Cronq. 2 

dwarf horseweed 

N, A, W 

Corallorrhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. 2 autumn coralroot N, P 

Corallorrhiza wisteriana Conra2 spring coralroot N, P 

Coreopsis auriculata L. lobed tickseed N, P Phillips 975 MS 

Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var. grandiflora 2 largeflower tickseed N, P 

Coreopsis lanceolata L. lanceleaf tickseed N, P Hatch 9355 MS 

Coreopsis major Walt. greater tickseed N, P Phillips 1132 TN 

Coreopsis pubescens Ell. var. debilis (Sherff) E.B. Sm. 2 star tickseed N, P 

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. var. tinctoria 2 golden tickseed N, A/P 

Coreopsis tripteris L. tall tickseed N, P Phillips 560 AL 

Cornus alternifolia L.f. alternateleaf dogwood N, P Phillips 817 TN 

Cornus amomum P. Mill. silky dogwood N, P Phillips 571 MS 

Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. roughleaf dogwood N, P Phillips 460 TN 

Cornus florida L. flowering dogwood N, P, W Phillips 346 TN 

Cornus foemina P. Mill. stiff dogwood N, P Hatch 9347 MS 

Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. pale corydalis N, A Phillips 743 TN 

Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex Gray) Gray subsp. australis (Chapman) 

G.B. Owenby2 smallflower fumewort N, A 

Corylus americana Walt. 1 American hazelnut N, P 

Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. 2 garden cosmos I, A 

Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 2 sulphur cosmos I, A 

Cotinus obovatus Raf. 2 American smoketree N, P 

Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik. 2 pear hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus crus-galli L. 1 cockspur hawthorn N, P 

- 216 -


Crataegus harbisonii Beadle2 Harbison's hawthorn 

N, P 

Crataegus intricata Lange2 Copenhagen hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus macrosperma Ashe2 bigfruit hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus marshallii Egglest. parsley hawthorn N, P Hatch 9307 MS 

Crataegus mollis Scheele2 downy hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. 1 scarlet hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Medik. 2 Washington hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch1 waxyfruit hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus punctata Jacq. dotted hawthorn N, P Phillips 650 MS 

Crataegus spathulata Michx. littlehip hawthorn N, P Phillips 673 MS 

Crataegus triflora Chapman2 threeflower hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus uniflora Muenchh. 2 dwarf hawthorn N, P 

Crataegus viridis L. 1 green hawthorn N, P 

Crepis pulchra L. 2 smallflower hawksbeard I, A 

Crotalaria sagittalis L. arrowhead rattlebox N, P Phillips 626 MS 

Crotalaria spectabilis Roth1 showy rattlebox I, A, W 

Croton capitatus Michx. hogwort N, A, W Hatch 9755 MS 

Croton glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell.-Arg. 1 vente conmigo N, A, W 

Croton monanthogynus Michx. 1 prairie tea N, A 

Croton willdenowii G.L. Webster 2 Willdenow's croton N, A 

Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. 2 piedmont bedstraw I, A 

Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 1 Canadian honewort N, P 

Cucumis melo L. cantaloupe I, A, W Hatch 9794 MS 

Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt. 1 common dittany N, P 

- 217 -


Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. 2 

Colombian waxweed 

I, A/P 

Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. blue waxweed N, A Hatch 9941 MS 

Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy1 compact dodder N, P 

Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex J.A. Schultes1 scaldweed N, P 

Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pentagona1 fiveangled dodder N, A/P, IN 

Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. 2 honeyvine N, P, W 

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. bermudagrass I, P, W, IN Phillpis 531 AL 

Cynoglossum virginianum L. wild comfrey N, P Hatch 9176 MS 

Cyperus bipartitus Torr. 2 slender flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus diandrus Torr. 2 umbrella flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood globe flatsedge N, P Phillips 995 MS 

Cyperus elegans L. royal flatsedge N, P Hatch 9762 MS 

Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. 2 redroot flatsedge N, A/P, W 

Cyperus esculentus L. chufa flatsedge N/I, P, W, IN Hatch 10013 MS 

Cyperus flavescens L. 2 yellow flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus flavicomus Michx. 2 whiteedge flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus iria L. ricefield flatsedge N, A, W, IN Phillips 997 MS 

Cyperus lancastriensis Porter ex Gray 2 manyflower flatsedge N, P 

Cyperus odoratus L. 2 fragrant flatsedge N, A/P, W 

Cyperus ovatus Baldwin ovateleaf flatsedge N, P 

Cyperus plukenetii Fern. 2 Plukenet's sedge, N, P 

Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fern. 2 Texan flatsedge N, A/P 

Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. marsh flatsedge N, P Kruse 942 TN 

Cyperus refractus Engelm. ex Boeckl. 2 reflexed flatsedge N, P 

- 218 -


Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. 1 

rough flatsedge 

N, P 

Cyperus retrorsus Chapman pine barren flatsedge N, P Hatch 9913 MS 

Cyperus rotundus L. nutgrass I, P, W, IN Hatch 10071 MS 

Cyperus squarrosus L. 2 bearded flatsedge N, A 

Cyperus strigosus L. strawcolored flatsedge N, P, W Kruse 917 TN 

Cypripedium acaule Ait. 2 moccasin flower N, P 

Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight 2 greater yellow lady's slipper N, P 

Cyrilla racemiflora L. swamp titi N, P Hatch 9301 MS 

Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. 2 Asian netvein hollyfern I, P 

Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. 2 bulblet bladderfern N, P 

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. 1 brittle bladderfern N, P unconfirmed 

Cystopteris protrusa (Weatherby) Blasdell lowland bladderfern N, P Kruse 1480 TN 

Cystopteris tennesseensis Shave2 Tennessee bladderfern N, P 

Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass I, P, W, IN Hatch 8816 MS 

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Egyptian goosegrass I, A, W Hatch 9800 MS 

Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var. candida white prairieclover N, P Phillips 1210 MS 

Dalea foliosa (Gray) Barneby 2 leafy prairieclover N, P 

Dalea gattingeri (Heller) Barneby 2 purpletassels N, P 

Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bullock 2 foxtail prairie clover N, A 

Dalea purpurea Vent. var. purpurea 2 purple prairieclover N, P 

Danthonia sericea Nutt. downy oatgrass N, P Hatch 9339 MS 

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes poverty oatgrass N, P Hatch 9410 MS 

Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. mullien foxglove N, A Phillips 1160 TN 

Datura stramonium L. jimsonweed I, A, W, IN Phillips 1187 TN 

- 219 -


Daucus carota L. 

Queen Anne's lace 

I, B, W, IN 


Daucus pusillus Michx. 1 American wild carrot N, A 

Decumaria barbara L. woodvamp N, P Phillips 652 MS 

Delphinium alabamicum Kral2 Alabama larkspur N, P, END 

Delphinium carolinianum Walt. subsp. calciphilum Warnock2 Carolina larkspur N, P 

Delphinium tricorne Michx. 1 dwarf larkspur N, P 

Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) M. Kato1 silver false spleenwort N, P 

Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. subsp. brachycarpa (Richards.) Detling 2 western tansymustard N, A/B 

Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Illinois bundleflower N, P, W Phillips 618 MS 

Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. 1 hoary ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. hairy small-leaf ticktrefoil N, P Hatch 9947 MS 

Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud. var. cuspidatum 1 largebract ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC. 2 Dillenius' ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood pointedleaf ticktrefoil N, P Hatch 9815 MS 

Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. 2 smooth ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. 2 smooth small-leaf ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. nakedflower ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 1156 TN 

Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub. 2 Nuttall's ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. stiff ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 400 TN 

Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. paniculatum panicledleaf ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 313 TN 

Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. fewflowered ticktrefoil N, P Phillips 374 TN 

Desmodium perplexum Schub. 2 perplexed ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium rotundifolium DC. 1 prostrate ticktrefoil N, P 

Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray1 sessileleaf ticktrefoil N, P 

- 220 -


Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC. 1 

velvetleaf ticktrefoil 

N, P 

Dianthus armeria L. Deptford pink I, A/B, W, IN Phillips 1123 TN 

Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. 2 dutchman's breeches N, P 

Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark needleleaf rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9079 MS 

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. acuminatum 2 tapered rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. lindheimeri (Nash) 

Gould & C.A. Clark 2 

tapered rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark Bosc's rosettegrass N, P Phillips 365 TN 

Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould deertongue N, P Hatch 9333 MS 

Dichanthelium commutatum (J.A. Schultes) Gould subsp. equilaterale 

(Scribn.) Freckman 

Kruse 1347 TN 

Dichanthelium consanguineum (Kunth) Gould & C.A. Clark 2 blood rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould 2 starved rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. dichotomum 2 cypress rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. ensifolium (Baldw. ex Ell.) 


cypress rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9886a MS 

Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & C.A. Clark broadleaf rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9127 MS 

Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould openflower rosettegrass N, P Kruse 1314 TN 

Dichanthelium leucothrix (Nash) Freckmann 2 rough rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium linearifolium(Scribn. ex Nash) Gould 2 slimleaf rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould 2 shortleaf rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann 2 matting rosettegrass N,P 

Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould Ravenel's rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9357 MS 

Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould velvet rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9387 MS 

- 221 -


Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. isophyllum (Scribn.) 


roundseed rosettegrass 

N, P 

Hatch 9744b MS 

Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. sphaerocarpon 2 roundseed rosettegrass N, P 

Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Freckmann roughhair rosettegrass N, P Hatch 9079a MS 

Dichondra carolinensis Michx. Carolina ponysfoot N, P, W Phillips 640 MS 

Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. 2 branched foldwing N, A/P 

Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. 2 southern crabgrass N, A, W 

Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 2 fall witchgrass N, P 

Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel. 2 slender crabgrass N, A/P 

Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. smooth crabgrass I, A, W Hatch 9845 MS 

Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. hairy crabgrass N, A, W Phillips 338 TN 

Digitaria violascens Link violet crabgrass I, A/P Phillips 528 AL 

Dioclea multiflora (Torr. & Gray) C. Mohr1 Boykin's clusterpea N, P 

Diodia teres Walt. var. teres poor joe N, P Phillips 660 MS 

Diodia virginiana L. Virginia buttonweed N, P, W Phillips 526 AL 

Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Chinese yam I, P, W, IN Hatch 9748 MS 

Dioscorea quaternata J.F. Gmel. 1 fourleaf yam N, P 

Dioscorea villosa L. wild yam N, P Phillips 867 TN 

Diospyros virginiana L. common persimmon N, P Phillips 453 TN 

Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Brown glade fern N, P Kruse 1566 TN 

Dipsacus fullonum L. Fuller's teasel I, B, W Kruse 1478 TN 

Dirca palustris L. 2 eastern leatherwood N, P 

Ditrysinia fruticosa (Bartr.) Govaerts & Frodin Gulf Sebastian-bush N, P Hatch 9302 MS 

Dodecatheon frenchii (Vasey) Rydb. 2 French's shootingstar N, P 

- 222 -


Dodecatheon meadia L. 2 

pride of Ohio 

N, P 

Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene1 cornel-leaf whitetop N, P 

Doellingeria umbellata (P. Mill.) Nees var. umbellata1 parasol whitetop N, P 

Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 1 shortpod draba N, A 

Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2 wedgeleaf draba N, A 

Draba verna L. spring draba I, A Phillips 753 TN 

Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. 1 clasping coneflower N, A, W 

Drosera brevifolia Pursh1 dwarf sundew N, A/P, T (TN) 

Dryopteris celsa (Wm. Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Pollard ex Small2 log fern N, P 

Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray2 marginal woodfern N, P 

Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Indian strawberry I, P, W, IN Phillips 529 AL 

Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. 2 threeway sedge N, P 

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench eastern purple coneflower N, P, W Phillips 1195 AL 

Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small 2 Tennessee purple coneflower N, P, END 

Echinochloa colona (L.) Link jungle rice I, A, W Hatch 9867 MS 

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. crus-galli large barnyardgrass I, A, IN Phillips 321 TN 

Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. microstachya Wieg. 1 rough barnyardgrass N, A 

Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. muricata rough barnyardgrass I, A Hatch 9884 MS 

Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller coast cockspur N, A Phillips 613 MS 

Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. creeping burhead N, P, W Hatch 9747 MS 

Echium vulgare L. 1 common viper's bugloss I, A/B/P 

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. false daisy N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 9984 MS 

Egeria densa Planch. 2 Brazilian waterweed I, P, W, IN 

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms water hyacinth I, P Kruse 1028 MS 

- 223 -


Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 

autumn olive 

I, P, W, IN 


Eleocharis compressa Sullivant 2 flatstem spikerush N, P 

Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. 2 Engelmann's spikerush N, A 

Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. 2 bald spikerush N, P 

Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes blunt spikerush N, A/P Kruse 1031 MS 

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes 2 common spikerush N, P 

Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) J.A. Schultes var. verrucosa (Svens.) Svens. 2 slender spikerush N, P 

Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. Carolina elephantsfoot N, P Phillips 378 TN 

Elephantopus elatus Bertol. tall elephantsfoot N, P Hatch 9319 MS 

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass I, A, W, IN Phillips 328 TN 

Elodea canadensis Michx. 2 Canadian waterweed N, P 

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John 2 western waterweed N, P 

Elymus canadensis L. var. canadensis Canada wildrye N, P Phillips 476 TN 

Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix eastern bottlebrush N, P Kruse 1471 TN 

Elymus repens (L.) Gould 2 quackgrass I, P, W, IN 

Elymus riparius Wieg. 2 riverbank wildrye N, P 

Elymus svensonii Church 2 Svenson's wildrye N, P 

Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. 2 hairy wildrye N, P 

Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus 2 Virginia wildrye N,P 

Enemion biternatum Raf. eastern false rue anemone N, P Phillips 757 TN 

Epifagus virginiana (L.) W. Bart. beechdrops N, A Kruse 1559a MS 

Epigaea repens L. 2 trailing arbutus N, P 

Epilobium coloratum Biehler2 purpleleaf willowherb N, P 

Equisetum arvense L. 2 field horsetail N, P, W, IN 

- 224 -


Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat. 

scouringrush horsetail 

N, P, W 

Kruse 1045 MS 

Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees 2 lacegrass N, A 

Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen 2 stinkgrass I,A, W 

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass I, P Kruse 1358 AL 

Eragrostis frankii C.A. Mey. ex Steud. 2 sandbar lovegrass N, A 

Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees 2 bigtop lovegrass N, P 

Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. 2 teal lovegrass A, N 

Eragrostis intermedia A.S. Hitchc. 1 plains lovegrass N, P 

Eragrostis minor Host 2 little lovegrass I, A 

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. var. pectinacea tufted lovegrass N, A Phillips 393 TN 

Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. 2 Indian lovegrass N, A, W 

Eragrostis refracta (Muhl.) Scribn. coastal lovegrass N, P Phillips 667 MS 

Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh.) Steud. purple lovegrass N, P Phillips 502 TN 

Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. 1 American burnweed N, A 

Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. centipedegrass I, P Hatch 9745 MS 

Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. harbinger of spring N, A/P Phillips 752 TN 

Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. eastern daisy fleabane N, A Hatch 9319 MS 

Erigeron philadelphicus L. Philadelphia fleabane N, B/P, W Hatch 8691 MS 

Erigeron pulchellus Michx. robin's plantain N, P Phillips 905 TN 

Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. prairie fleabane N, A/B Phillips 336 TN 

Erigeron tenuis Torr. & Gray1 slender fleabane N, P 

Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. var. harperi (Goodman) Reveal2 Harper's buckwheat N, P 

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér ex Ait. 2 redstem stork's bill I, A/B, W, IN 

Eryngium aquaticum L. 1 rattlesnake master N, B 

- 225 -


Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. 

creeping eryngo 

N, P 

Hatch 9737 MS 

Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. var. yuccifolium button eryngo N, P Phillips 672 MS 

Erysimum repandum L. 2 spreading wallflower I, A, W 

Erythrina herbacea L. 1 redcardinal N, P 

Erythronium albidum Nutt. 2 white fawnlily N, P 

Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl. 1 dogtooth violet N, P 

Erythronium rostratum W. Wolf 2 yellow troutlily N, P 

Erythronium umbilicatum Parks & Hardin 2 dimpled troutlily N, P 

Euonymus americanus L. strawberry bush N, P Phillips 495 TN 

Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. 1 burningbush N, P 

Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz. 2 winter creeper I, P, W, IN 

Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) King & H.E. Robins. 2 trumpetweed N, P Phillips 371 TN 

Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. maculatus1 spotted trumpetweed N, P 

Eupatorium album L. var. album 2 white thoroughwort N, P 

Eupatorium altissimum L. 1 tall thoroughwort N, P 

Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small dogfennel N, P, W Phillips 631 MS 

Eupatorium compositifolium Walt. yankeeweed N, P Hatch 9911 MS 

Eupatorium glaucescens Ell. 2 waxy thoroughwort N, P 

Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. var. calcaratum Fern. & Schub. hyssopleaf thoroughwort N, P Hatch 9978 MS 

Eupatorium perfoliatum L. common boneset N, P Phillips 469 TN 

Eupatorium pilosum Walt. rough boneset N, P Hatch 9949 MS 

Eupatorium purpureum L. 1 sweetscented joepyeweed N, P, W 

Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. rotundifolium 2 roundleaf eupatorium N, P 

Eupatorium semiserratum DC. 2 smallflower thoroughwort N, P 

- 226 -


Eupatorium serotinum Michx. 

lateflowering thoroughwort 

N, P 

Hatch 9912 MS 

Eupatorium sessilifolium L. 2 upland boneset N, P 

Euphorbia commutata Engelm. ex Gray1 tinted woodland spurge N, A 

Euphorbia corollata L. flowering spurge N, P Phillips 432 TN 

Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. 2 fire on the mountain N, A/P, W 

Euphorbia cyparissias L. 2 cypress spurge I, P 

Euphorbia dentata Michx. var. dentata 2 toothed spurge N/I, A 

Euphorbia helioscopia L. 2 madwoman's milk I, A 

Euphorbia mercurialina Michx. 2 mercury spurge N, P 

Euphorbia spathulata Lam. warty spurge N, A/P Hatch 9132 MS 

Eurybia hemispherica (Alexander) Nesom southern prairie aster N, P Hatch 9689 MS 

Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. 2 bigleaf aster N, P 

Eurybia paludosa (Ait.) Nesom southern swamp aster N, P Phillips 466 TN 

Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 2 flat-top goldentop N, P 

Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene 2 Texas goldentop N, P 

Euthamia leptocephala (Torr. & Gray) Greene1 bushy goldentop N, P 

Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britt. slender goldentop N, P Hatch 10033 MS 

Facelis retusa (Lam.) Schultz-Bip. 1 annual trampweed I, A 

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench2 buckwheat I, A 

Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American beech N, P Phillips 417 TN 

Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai2 hairy crabweed I, A, W 

Festuca paradoxa Desv. clustered fescue N, P Hatch 9095 MS 

Festuca rubra L. 2 red fescue N, P 

Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev nodding fescue N, P Kruse 1295 TN 

- 227 -


Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes 2 

annual fimbry 

N, A, W 

Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes slender fimbry N, A Hatch 9942b MS 

Fimbristylis decipiens Kral southern fimbry N, A Kruse 1027 MS 

Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl grasslike fimbry N, A, W Kruse 939 TN 

Fleischmannia incarnata(Walt.) King & H.E. Robins. 2 pink thoroughwort N, P 

Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. 2 eastern swampprivet N, P 

Forestiera ligustrina (Michx.) Poir. 2 upland swampprivet N, P 

Forsythia viridissima Lindl. 2 greenstem forsythia I, P 

Fothergilla gardenii L. 2 dwarf witchalder N, P 

Fragaria virginiana Duchesne2 Virginia strawberry N, P 

Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray Carolina buckthorn N, P, W, IN Phillips 723 MS 

Frasera caroliniensis Walt. 1 American columbo N, P 

Fraxinus americana L. white ash N, P Phillips 370 TN 

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. green ash N, P Phillips 647 MS 

Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush pumpkin ash N, P Hatch 9448 MS 

Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. 2 blue ash N, P 

Froelichia gracilis (Nutt.) Moq. 2 slender snakecotton N, A 

Fuirena squarrosa Michx. hairy umbrella-sedge N, P Hatch 9651 MS 

Galactia floridana Torr. & Gray1 Florida milkpea N, P 

Galactia regularis (L.) B.S.P. 2 eastern milkpea N, P 

Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. 1 downy milkpea N, P 

Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 2 showy orchid N, P 

Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav. 2 shaggy soldier I, A 

Galium aparine L. stickywilly N, A, W, IN Phillips 789 MS 

- 228 -


Galium circaezans Michx. 

licorice bedstraw 

N, P 


Galium concinnum Torr. & Gray2 shining bedstraw N, P 

Galium divaricatum Pourret ex Lam. 2 Lamarck's bedstraw I, A 

Galium mollugo L. 2 false baby's breath I, P 

Galium obtusum Bigelow bluntleaf bedstraw N, P Hatch 9365 MS 

Galium pilosum Ait. 1 hairy bedstraw N, P 

Galium tinctorium L. 1 stiff marsh bedstraw N, P 

Galium triflorum Michx. 1 fragrant bedstraw N, P 

Galium virgatum Nutt. 2 southwestern bedstraw N, A 

Gamochaeta argyrina Nesom A Hatch 9411 MS 

Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Kerguél. grey everlastin I, A Hatch 9635 MS 

Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera spoonleaf purple everlasting N, P Hatch 8804 MS 

Gaura angustifolia Michx. southern beeblossom N, A Phillips 659 MS 

Gaura biennis L. 2 biennial beeblossom N, B 

Gaura filipes Spach1 slenderstalk beeblossom N, P 

Gaura longiflora Spach longflower beeblossom N, P Phillips 617 MS 

Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) St. Hil. Carolina jessamine N, P Hatch 8770 MS 

Gentiana saponaria L. 1 harvestbells N, P 

Gentiana villosa L. 1 striped gentian N, P 

Geranium bicknellii Britt. 2 Bicknell's cranesbill N, A/B 

Geranium carolinianum L. var. sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breitung2 Carolina geranium N, A/B Hatch 8738 MS 

Geranium dissectum L. cutleaf geranium I, A/B, W Phillips 804b TN 

Geranium maculatum L. spotted geranium N, P Phillips 865 TN 

Geranium molle L. dovefoot geranium I, A/B/P Phillips 805 TN 

- 229 -


Geranium pusillum L. 

small geranium 

I, A/B 


Geum aleppicum Jacq. 1 yellow avens N, P 

Geum canadense Jacq. 1 white avens N, P 

Geum laciniatum Murr. rough avens N, P Hatch 9148 MS 

Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray spring avens N, P Phillips 796 TN 

Geum virginianum L. 2 cream avens N, P 

Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baill. 1 Indian physic N, P 

Ginkgo biloba L. 2 maidenhair tree I, P 

Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 1 rose mock vervain N, P 

Glechoma hederacea L. ground ivy I, P, W, IN Phillips 770 AL 

Gleditsia triacanthos L. common honey locust N, P Phillips 404 TN 

Glyceria acutiflora Torr. 2 creeping mannagrass N, P 

Glyceria septentrionalis A.S. Hitchc. var. septentrionalis floating mannagrass N, P Hatch 9450 MS 

Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc. fowl mannagrass N, P Hatch 9252 MS 

Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. ex Ait. f. downy rattlesnake plantain N, P Phillips 1241 TN 

Gossypium hirsutum L. var. hirsutum1 upland cotton N, A/P, W 

Gratiola neglecta Torr. clammy hedgehyssop N, A Phillips 683 MS 

Gratiola virginiana L. 1 roundfruit hedgehyssop N, A/B 

Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. 2 narrowleaf gumweed N, B/P 

Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch 2 Kentucky coffeetree N, P 

Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston 1 beggarslice N, B/P 

Halesia diptera Ell. twowing silverbell N, P Phillips 697 MS 

Hamamelis virginiana L. 1 American witchhazel N, P 

Hasteola suaveolens (L.) Pojark. 2 false Indian plantain N, P 

- 230 -


Hedeoma hispida Pursh 

rough false pennyroyal 

N, A 

Hatch 9261 MS 

Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. 1 American false pennyroyal N, A 

Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock bitter sneezeweed N, A, W Phillips 568 MS 

Helenium autumnale L. var. autumnale 2 common sneezeweed N, P 

Helenium flexuosum Raf. purplehead sneezeweed N, P Hatch 9693 MS 

Helenium quadridentatum Labill longdisk sneezeweed N, A Phillips 658 MS 

Helianthus angustifolius L. swamp sunflower N, P Hatch 9835 MS 

Helianthus annuus L. 1 common sunflower N, A, W 

Helianthus atrorubens L. 1 purpledisk sunflower N, P 

Helianthus decapetalus L. 1 thinleaf sunflower N, P 

Helianthus divaricatus L. 1 woodland sunflower N, P, W 

Helianthus eggertii Small 2 Eggert's sunflower N, P 

Helianthus giganteus L. 2 giant sunflower N, P 

Helianthus grosseserratus Martens 1 sawtooth sunflower N, P, W 

Helianthus hirsutus Raf. hairy sunflower N, P Phillips 474 TN 

Helianthus maximilianii Schrad. 2 Maximilian sunflower N, P 

Helianthus microcephalus Torr. & Gray small woodland sunflower N, P Phillips 363 TN 

Helianthus mollis Lam. ashy sunflower N, P Phillips 539a AL 

Helianthus silphioides Nutt. 2 rosinweed sunflower N, P 

Helianthus strumosus L. 1 paleleaf woodland sunflower N, P 

Helianthus tuberosus L. 1 Jerusalem artichoke N, P, W 

Helianthus x glaucus Small (pro sp.) 2 [divaricatus x microcephalus] N, P 

Helianthus x laetiflorus Pers. (pro sp.) 2 [pauciflorus x tuberosus] N, P 

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet1 smooth oxeye N, P 

- 231 -


Heliotropium europaeum L. 2 

European heliotrope 

I, P 

Heliotropium indicum L. Indian heliotrope I, P Phillips 593 MS 

Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. 2 pasture heliotrope N, A 

Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. 2 orange daylily I, P, W, IN 

Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark sharplobed hepatica N, P Phillips 760 TN 

Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark2 roundlobe hepatica N, P 

Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. 2 grassleaf mudplantain N, A/P 

Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd. 2 blue mudplantain N, A 

Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pavón 2 kidneyleaf mudplantain N, P 

Heterotheca camporum (Greene) Shinners 2 lemonyellow false goldenaster N, P 

Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby camphorweed N, A Phillips 1221 MS 

Heuchera americana L. American alumroot N, P Phillips 955 TN 

Heuchera parviflora Bartl. var. parviflora2 littleflower alumroot N, P 

Heuchera villosa Michx. var. villosa1 hairy alumroot N, P 

Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh. 2 spiked crested coralroot N, P 

Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small little brown jug N, P Hatch 9196 MS 

Hibiscus laevis All. 2 halberdleaf rosemallow N, P 

Hibiscus moscheutos L. subsp. moscheutos crimson-eyed rose mallow N, P Phillips 1246 TN 

Hibiscus moscheutos L.var. lasiocarpos (Cav.) O.J. Blanchard crimson-eyed rose mallow N, P Hatch 9752 MS 

Hibiscus syriacus L. 1 rose of Sharon I, P 

Hieracium gronovii L. queendevil N, P Phillips 468 TN 

Hieracium paniculatum L. 1 Allegheny hawkweed N, P 

Hieracium scabrum Michx. rough hawkweed N, P Phillips 664 MS 

Holcus lanatus L. velvetgrass I, P Hatch 9686 MS 

- 232 -


Holosteum umbellatum L. 2 

jagged chickweed 

I, A 

Hordeum jubatum L. 2 foxtail barley N, P, W 

Hordeum pusillum Nutt. little barley N, A, W Hatch 8715 MS 

Hordeum vulgare L. 2 barley I, A, W 

Houstonia caerulea L. azure bluets N, P Hatch 8745 MS 

Houstonia canadensis Willd. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes2 Canadian summer bluet N, P 

Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. 2 longleaf summer bluet N, P 

Houstonia micrantha (Shinners) Terrell4 southern bluet N, A 

Houstonia purpurea L. var. calycosa Gray1 Venus' pride N, P 

Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea2 Venus' pride N, P Phillips 973 AL 

Houstonia pusilla Schoepf tiny bluet N, A Phillips 756 TN 

Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. 2 Japanese hop I, A/P 

Huperzia porophila (Lloyd & Underwood) Holub2 rock clubmoss N, P 

Hybanthus concolor (T.F. Forst.) Spreng. 2 eastern greenviolet N, P 

Hydrangea arborescens L. 1 wild hydrangea N, P 

Hydrangea cinerea Small1 ashy hydrangea N, P 

Hydrangea quercifolia Bartr. oakleaf hydrangea N, P Phillips 654 MS 

Hydrangea radiata Walt. silverleaf hydrangea N, P Phillips 471 TN 

Hydrastis canadensis L. 1 goldenseal N, P, R (TN) 

Hydrocotyle umbellata L. manyflower marshpennywort N, P Hatch 9171 MS 

Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy oval false fiddleleaf N, P Hatch 9612 MS 

Hydrolea quadrivalvis Walt. waterpod N, P Phillips 563 MS 

Hydrolea uniflora Raf. oneflower false fiddleleaf N, P Phillips 1212 MS 

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. great waterleaf N, B Phillips 851 TN 

- 233 -


Hydrophyllum canadense L. 2 

bluntleaf waterleaf 

N, P 

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt. 1 largeleaf waterleaf N, P 

Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Shawnee salad N, P Phillips 903 TN 

Hymenocallis caroliniana (L.) Herbert 1 Carolina spiderlily N, P 

Hypericum adpressum Raf. ex W. Bart. 1 creeping St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz. St. Peterswort N, P Hatch 9680 MS 

Hypericum densiflorum Pursh1 bushy St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum denticulatum Walt. 1 coppery St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & Gray nits and lice N, A Phillips 1174 TN 

Hypericum frondosum Michx. 2 cedarglade St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P. 2 orangegrass N, A 

Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray 2 claspingleaf St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz subsp. multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson St. Andrewscross N, P Phillips 1184 TN 

Hypericum mutilum L. dwarf St. Johnswort N, A/P Phillips 549 AL 

Hypericum nudiflorum Michx. ex Willd. 1 early St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum perforatum L. 2 common St. Johnswort I, P, W, IN 

Hypericum prolificum L. shrubby St. Johnswort N, P Phillips 1165 TN 

Hypericum pseudomaculatum Bush false spotted St. Johnswort N, P Hatch 9702 MS 

Hypericum punctatum Lam. spotted St. Johnswort N, P Hatch 9732 MS 

Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx. 2 roundseed St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypericum virgatum Lam. 2 sharpleaf St. Johnswort N, P 

Hypochaeris radicata L. 2 hairy catsear I, P, W, IN 

Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1 common goldstar N, P 

Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapman 1 large gallberry N, P 

- 234 -


Ilex decidua Walt. 

possomhaw 

N, P 

Hatch 8788 MS 

Ilex longipes Chapman ex Trel. 2 Georgia holly N, P 

Ilex opaca L. American holly N, P Phillips 580 MS 

Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray common winterberry N, P Hatch 9975 MS 

Ilex vomitoria Ait. 1 yaupon N, P 

Impatiens capensis Meerb. jewelweed N, A Phillips 299 TN 

Impatiens pallida Nutt. 2 pale touch-me-not N, A 

Indigofera tinctoria L. 1 true indigo I, P 

Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. 2 purplerocket N, P 

Ionactis linariifolius (L.) Greene 1 flaxleaf whitetop aster N, P 

Ipomoea coccinea L. 1 redstar I, A, W, IN 

Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. ivyleaf morning-glory I, A, W, IN Phillips 520 AL 

Ipomoea lacunosa L. pitted morning-glory N, A, W, IN Phillips 590 MS 

Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey. man-of-the-earth N, P, W, IN Hatch 9562 MS 

Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth tall morning-glory I, A, W, IN Phillips 524 AL 

Ipomoea quamoclit L. 2 cypressvine I, A, W, IN 

Ipomoea wrightii Gray Wright's morning-glory I, A/P, W, IN Phillips 1230 MS 

Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. 2 Juda's bush N, P 

Iris cristata Ait. 1 dwarf crested iris N, P 

Iris germanica L. 2 German iris I, P 

Iris pseudacorus L. 2 paleyellow iris I, P 

Iris versicolor L. 1 harlequin blueflag N, P 

Iris virginica L. 2 Virginia iris N, P 

Isoetes butleri Engelm. 2 limestone quillwort N, P 

- 235 -


Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. 

keeled bulrush 

N, A 

Kruse 1391 MS 

Itea virginica L. Virginia sweetspire N, P Kruse1397 MS 

Iva annua L. var. caudata (Small) R.C. Jackson 1 annual marshelder N, A 

Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. hairy clustervine N, A, W Hatch 10015 MS 

Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff 2 Alabama warbonnet N, P 

Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. 2 twinleaf N, P 

Juglans cinerea L. 1 butternut N, P, T (TN) 

Juglans nigra L. black walnut N, P Phillips 535 AL 

Juncus acuminatus Michx. tapertip rush N, P Kruse 915 TN 

Juncus anthelatus (Weig.) R.E. Brooks greater poverty rush N, P Kruse 1375 MS 

Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. whiteroot rush N, P Kruse 1395 MS 

Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. 2 smallhead rush N, P, R (TN) 

Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe 2 Canadian rush N, P 

Juncus coriaceus Mackenzie leathery rush N, P Kruse 930 TN 

Juncus debilis Gray weak rush N, A/P Hatch 9655 MS 

Juncus dichotomus Ell. forked rush N, P Kruse 1400 MS 

Juncus diffusissimus Buckl. slimpod rush N, P Kruse 996 MS 

Juncus dudleyi Wieg. 2 Dudley's rush N, P 

Juncus effusus L. var. solutus Fern. & Wieg. common rush N, P Kruse 943 TN 

Juncus elliottii Chapman 2 Elliott's rush N, P 

Juncus filipendulus Buckl. 2 ringseed rush N, P 

Juncus interior Wieg. 2 inland rush N, P 

Juncus marginatus Rostk. grassleaf rush N, P Kruse 913 TN 

Juncus repens Michx. lesser creeping rush N, P Kruse 1017 MS 

- 236 -


Juncus scirpoides Lam. 

needlepod rush 

N, P 

Kruse 941 TN 

Juncus secundus Beauv. ex Poir. 2 lopsided rush N, P 

Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & Blake 2 woodland rush N, P 

Juncus tenuis Willd. slender rush N, P Phillips 991 MS 

Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey's rush N, P Kruse 1528 MS 

Juncus validus Coville var. validus roundhead rush N, P Kruse 976 MS 

Juniperus virginiana L. eastern red cedar N, P Phillips 308 TN 

Justicia americana (L.) Vahl American water-willow N, P Phillips 1162 TN 

Justicia ovata (Walt.) Landau var. lanceolata (Chapman) R.W. Long 2 looseflower water- willow N, P 

Kalmia latifolia L. mountain laurel N, P Phillips 990 MS 

Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. 2 sharpleaf cancerwort I, A 

Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. 2 roundleaf cancerwort I, A 

Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake twoflower dwarf dandelion N, P Phillips 821 TN 

Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) Chambers weedy dwarf dandelion N, A Phillips 924 TN 

Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. potato dwarf dandelion N, P Phillips 790 MS 

Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. 1 Virginia dwarf dandelion N, A 

Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino1 Korean clover I, A 

Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. Japanese clover I, A, W, IN Phillips 429 TN 

Kyllinga gracillima Miquel. pasture spikesedge N, P, W, IN Kruse 1039 MS 

Kyllinga odorata Vahl fragrant spikesedge N, A/B/P Kruse 1522 MS 

Kyllinga pumila Michx. low spikesedge N, A/P Kruse 1038 MS 

Lactuca canadensis L. Canada lettuce N, A/B Hatch 9700 MS 

Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. var. villosa (Jacq.) Cronq. 2 woodland lettuce N, A/B 

Lactuca graminifolia Michx. 2 grassleaf lettuce N, B/P 

- 237 -


Lactuca saligna L. 2 

willowleaf lettuce 

I, A/B 

Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce I, A, W, IN Phillips 302 TN 

Lagerstroemia indica L. crapemyrtle I, P, W, IN Hatch9819a MS 

Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit I, A, W, IN Phillips 744 TN 

Lamium purpureum L. purple dead nettle I, A, W, IN Phillips 740 TN 

Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell1 Carolina woodnettle N, P 

Lathyrus hirsutus L. 1 Caley pea I, A 

Lathyrus latifolius L. 2 perennial pea I, P, W 

Lathyrus pusillus Ell. tiny pea N, A Hatch 9077 MS 

Leavenworthia exigua Rollins var. exigua 2 Tennessee gladecress N, A 

Leavenworthia exigua Rollins var. lutea Rollins 2 Tennessee gladecress N, A 

Leavenworthia stylosa Gray 2 cedar gladecress N, A 

Leavenworthia torulosa Gray 2 necklace gladecress N, A 

Leavenworthia uniflora (Michx.) Britt. 2 Michaux's gladecress N, A 

Lechea minor L. 2 thymeleaf pinweed N, P 

Lechea mucronata Raf. 2 hairy pinweed N, P 

Lechea racemulosa Michx. 2 Illinois pinweed N, P 

Lechea tenuifolia Michx. 2 narrowleaf pinweed N, P 

Leersia lenticularis Michx. catchflygrass N, P Hatch 9952 MS 

Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. rice cutgrass N, P Phillips 641 MS 

Leersia virginica Willd. whitegrass N, P Phillips 340 TN 

Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. 2 lesser duckweed N, P 

Lemna minor L. common duckweed N, P Hatch 8754 MS 

Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs 2 little duckweed N, P 

- 238 -


Lemna perpusilla Torr. 2 

minute duckweed 

N, P 

Lemna valdiviana Phil. 2 valdivia duckweed N, P 

Leonurus cardiaca L. 1 common motherwort I, P, W, IN 

Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f. 2 field pepperweed I, A/B 

Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. 2 common pepperweed N, A/B, W 

Lepidium virginicum L. Virginia pepperweed N, A/B/P, W Phillips 1125 TN 

Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow bearded sprangletop N, A, W Hatch 9756 MS 

Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steudl.) N. Snow 2 mucronate sprangletop N, A/P, W 

Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. 2 shrub lespedeza I, P, W, IN 

Lespedeza capitata Michx. roundhead lespedeza N, P Phillips 669 MS 

Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don Chinese lespedeza I, P, W, IN Phillips 381 TN 

Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem. 1 shrubby lespedeza N, P 

Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. 1 hairy lespedeza N, P 

Lespedeza procumbens Michx. 1 trailing lespedeza N, P 

Lespedeza repens (L.) W. Bart. creeping lespedeza N, P Phillips 497 TN 

Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. 1 violet lespedeza N, P 

Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. slender lespedeza N, P Phillips 561 AL 

Lespedeza x manniana Mackenzie & Bush (pro sp.) [capitata x violacea] N, P Phillips 1171 TN 

Lesquerella densipila Rollins 2 Duck River bladderpod N, A 

Lesquerella globosa (Desv.) S. Wats. 2 globe bladderpod N, B/P 

Lesquerella lescurii (Gray) S. Wats. 2 Lescur's bladderpod N, A 

Lesquerella lyrata Rollins 2 lyreleaf bladderpod N, A, END 

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. ox-eye daisy I, P, W, IN Phillips 427 TN 

Leucojum vernum L. sping snowflake I, P Hatch 8811 MS 

- 239 -


Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. 2 

narrowleaf paleseed 

N, A 

Liatris aspera Michx. 2 tall blazing star N, P 

Liatris pycnostachya Michx. prairie blazing star N, P Phillips 1208 MS 

Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. 1 devil's bite N, P 

Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. dense blazing star N, P Phillips 550 AL 

Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. squarrosa 2 scaly blazing star N, P 

Liatris squarrulosa Michx. 1 Appalachian blazing star N, P 

Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt. 1 Canadian licorice-root N, P 

Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. 2 Japanese privet I, P, W, IN 

Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet I, P, W, IN Phillips 574 MS 

Ligustrum vulgare L. European privet I, P Phillips 349 TN 

Lilium canadense L. 2 Canada lily N, P 

Lilium michiganense Farw. 2 Michigan lily N, P, T (TN) 

Lilium superbum L. turk's-cap lily N, P Hatch 9671 MS 

Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. 1 butter and eggs I, P, W, IN 

Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume northern spicebush N, P Phillips 412 TN 

Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperrider false pimpernel N, A Phillips 601 MS 

Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia1 yellowseed false pimpernel N, A/B 

Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. var. texanum (Planch.) Fern. stiff yellow flax N, A/P Hatch 9607b MS 

Linum striatum Walt. 1 ridged yellow flax N, P 

Linum sulcatum Riddell2 grooved flax N, A 

Linum usitatissimum L. 2 common flax I, A 

Linum virginianum L. woodland flax N, P Hatch 9678 MS 

Liparis liliifolia (L.) L.C. Rich. ex Ker-Gawl. 2 brown lipwide orchid N, P 

- 240 -


Liquidambar styraciflua L. 

sweetgum 

N, P 


Liriodendron tulipifera L. tulip poplar N, P Phillips 317 TN 

Listera australis Lindl. 2 southern twayblade N, P 

Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. 1 hoary puccoon N, P 

Lithospermum latifolium Michx. 2 American stoneseed N, P 

Lobelia appendiculata A. DC. var. gattingeri (Gray) McVaugh 2 Gattinger's lobelia N, A/B 

Lobelia cardinalis L. scarletflower N, P Phillips 428 TN 

Lobelia inflata L. indiantobacco N, A Phillips 428 TN 

Lobelia puberula Michx. 1 downy lobelia N, P 

Lobelia siphilitica L. great blue lobelia N, P Phillips 397 TN 

Lobelia spicata Lam. var. leptostachys (A. DC.) Mackenzie & Bush1 palespike lobelia N, P 

Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire tall fescue I, P, W, IN Phillips 329 TN 

Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot 2 Italian ryegrass I, A/P 

Lolium temulentum L. 1 Darnel ryegrass I, A 

Lonicera flava Sims2 yellow honeysuckle N, P, R (TN) 

Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle I, P, W, IN Phillips 407 TN 

Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder Amur honeysuckle I, P, W, IN Phillips 793 TN 

Lonicera reticulata Raf. 2 grape honeysuckle N, P 

Lonicera sempervirens L. trumpet honeysuckle N, P Phillips 989 MS 

Ludwigia alternifolia L. seedbox N, P Phillips 464 TN 

Ludwigia decurrens Walt. wingleaf waterprimrose N, P, W Phillips 603 MS 

Ludwigia hirtella Raf. spindleroot N, P Hatch 9677 MS 

Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara anglestem primrose-willow N, A/P Hatch 9998 MS 

Ludwigia microcarpa Michx. 2 smallfruit primrose-willow N, P 

- 241 -


Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. 

marsh primrose-willow 

N, P 

Hatch 9185 MS 

Ludwigia peploides (Kuntze) Raven subsp. glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven floating primrose-willow N, P, W Hatch 9472 MS 

Ludwigia repens J. R. Forst. creeping primrose-willow N, P Phillips 537 AL 

Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. globefruit primrose-willow N, P Phillips 604 MS 

Ludwigia virgata Michx. savannah primrose-willow N, P Phillips 630 MS 

Lunaria annua L. 2 annual honesty I, A/B 

Luzula acuminata Raf. 2 hairy woodrush N, P 

Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Smyth & Smyth bulbous woodrush N, P Kruse 1372 MS 

Luzula echinata (Small) J.F. Herm. hedgehog woodrush N, P Kruse 1330 TN 

Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. 2 common woodrush N, P 

Lycium barbarum L. 2 matrimony vine I, P 

Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun2 fan clubmoss N, P 

Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh2 deeproot clubmoss N, P 

Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart. 2 American water horehound N, P 

Lycopus rubellus Moench2 taperleaf water horehound N, P 

Lycopus virginicus L. 1 Virginia water horehound N, P 

Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw. Japanese climbing fern I, P, W, IN Kruse 1044 MS 

Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. var. foliosiflora (Michx.) Fern. 1 maleberry N, P 

Lysimachia ciliata L. fringed loosestrife N, P Phillips 1157 TN 

Lysimachia hybrida Michx. 1 lowland yellow loosestrife N, P 

Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. lanceleaf loosestrife N, P Phillips 1186 TN 

Lysimachia nummularia L. 2 creeping jenny I, P 

Lysimachia quadrifolia L. 1 whorled yellow loosestrife N, P 

Lysimachia radicans Hook. trailing yellow loosestrife N, P Hatch 9746 MS 

- 242 -


Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum (Ell.) Torr. & Gray ex Rothrock1 winged lythrum 

N, P 

Lythrum lineare L. wand lythrum N, P Hatch9735 MS 

Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. 2 plume poppy I, P 

Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. osage orange N, P, W, IN Phillips 452 TN 

Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching2 swordfern I, P 

Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. cucumber tree N, P Hatch 9101 MS 

Magnolia grandiflora L. magnolia N, P Phillips 675 MS 

Magnolia macrophylla Michx. 1 bigleaf magnolia N, P 

Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. 2 umbrella-tree N, P 

Magnolia virginiana L. 1 sweetbay N, P 

Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link. subsp. racemosum false Solomon's seal N, P Phillips 976 MS 

Malaxis unifolia Michx. green adder's-tongue orchid N, P Hatch 9544 MS 

Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. 1 southern crabapple N, P 

Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. 2 sweet crabapple N, P 

Malus pumila P. Mill. 2 paradise apple I, P 

Malva neglecta Wallr. 2 common mallow I, A/B/P, W, IN 

Malva pusilla Sm. 2 low mallow I, A/B 

Malva sylvestris L. 2 high mallow I, A/B/P 

Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr. 2 hispid false mallow N, A 

Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose false aloe N, P Phillips 1209 MS 

Marrubium vulgare L. 2 horehound I, P 

Marshallia trinervia (Walt.) Trel. 1 broadleaf Barbara's buttons N, P, T (TN) 

Matelea carolinensis (Jacq.) Woods. maroon Carolina milkvine N, P Hatch 9349 MS 

Matelea gonocarpos (Walt.) Shinners angularfruit milkvine N, P Hatch 9742 MS 

- 243 -


Matelea obliqua (Jacq.) Woods. 2 

climbing milkvine 

N, P 

Matricaria discoidea DC. 2 disc mayweed I, A, W 

Matricaria recutita L. 2 German chamomile I, A 

Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis Japanese mazus I, A Hatch 8762 MS 

Mecardonia acuminata (Walt.) Small var. acuminata1 axilflower N, P 

Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. 1 spotted medick I, A 

Medicago lupulina L. hop clover I, A, W Hatch8707 MS 

Medicago minima (L.) L. little burclover I, A Hatch 8695 MS 

Medicago polymorpha L. burclover I, A Hatch 8810 MS 

Medicago sativa L. 1 alfalfa I, A/P, W 

Melampyrum lineare Desr. 2 narrowleaf cowwheat N, A 

Melanthera nivea (L.) Small1 snow squarestem N, P 

Melanthium woodii J.W. Robins. ex Wood 2 Wood's bunchflower N, P 

Melia azedarach L. Chinaberrytree I, P, W, IN Phillips 724 MS 

Melica mutica Walt. twoflower melic N, P Hatch 9126 MS 

Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper 2 threeflower melic N, P 

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. yellow sweetclover I, A/B/P, W, IN Hatch 9461 MS 

Melissa officinalis L. 2 common balm I, P 

Melothria pendula L. 1 Guadeloupe cucumber N, P 

Menispermum canadense L. 2 common moonseed N, P 

Mentha arvensis L. 2 wild mint N, P 

Mentha spicata L. spearmint I, P, W, IN Phillips 403 TN 

Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.) 2 [aquatica X spicata] I, P 

Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link1 Virginia bluebells N, P 

- 244 -


Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus 2 

Nepalese browntop 

I, A, W, IN 

Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey. 2 claspleaf pennycress I, A 

Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd. 2 Florida Keys hempvine N, P 

Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. climbing hempvine N, P, W, IN Phillips 1213 MS 

Mimosa microphylla Dry. littleleaf sensitivebriar N, P Hatch 9388 MS 

Mimulus alatus Ait. sharpwing monkeyflower N, P Phillips 636 MS 

Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. 2 pitcher's stitchwort N, A 

Minuartia uniflora (Walt.) Mattf. 1 oneflower stitchwort N, A 

Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. 2 heartleaf four o'clock N, P, W 

Mitchella repens L. partridgeberry N, P Phillips 511 TN 

Mitella diphylla L. 2 twoleaf miterwort N, P 

Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don Carolina bristlemallow N, A/B/P Hatch 9094a MS 

Mollugo verticillata L. green carpetweed N, A, W Phillips 596 MS 

Monarda bradburiana Beck1 eastern beebalm N, P 

Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. lemon bee balm N, A/B/P Hatch 9457 MS 

Monarda clinopodia L. 2 white bergamot N, P 

Monarda fistulosa L. wild bergamot N, P Phillips 1135 TN 

Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims2 redpurple beebalm N, P 

Monotropa hypopithys L. 1 pinesap N, P 

Monotropa uniflora L. Indianpipe N, P Kruse1554 MS 

Montia linearis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene2 narrowleaf minerslettuce N, A 

Morella cerifera (L.) Small wax myrtle N, P Phillips 736 MS 

Morus alba L. white mulberry I, P, W, IN Phillips 350 TN 

Morus rubra L. red mulberry N, P Hatch 9798 MS 

- 245 -


Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. 2 

wirestem muhly 

N, P, W 

Muhlenbergia glabriflora Scribn. 2 inland muhly N, P 

Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel. nimblewill N, P, W, IN Hatch 9126 MS 

Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. 2 rock muhly N, P 

Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr. ex Gray 2 woodland muhly N, P 

Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz. 2 wartremover herb I, P, W, IN 

Muscari botryoides (L.) P. Mill. 2 common grape hyacinth I, P 

Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. 1 starch grape hyacinth I, P 

Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. 2 largeseed forget-me-not N, A 

Myosotis verna Nutt. spring forget-me-not N, A/B Phillips 911 TN 

Myosurus minimus L. 2 tiny mousetail N, A, W 

Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. 2 parrot feather watermilfoil I, P, W, IN 

Myriophyllum spicatum L. spike watermilfoil I, P, W, IN Phillips 602 MS 

Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus2 souther waternymph N, A 

Najas minor All. 2 brittle waternymph I, A 

Nandina domestica Thunb. 2 sacred bamboo I, P 

Narcissus poeticus L. 2 poet's narcissus I, P 

Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. daffodil I, P Hatch 8786 MS 

Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. 2 needleleaf navarretia N, A 

Neeragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nicora 2 creeping lovegrass N, A 

Nelumbo lutea Willd. American lotus N, P Phillips 564 MS 

Nemophila aphylla (L.) Brummitt small flowered baby blue eyes N, A Hatch 8785 MS 

Nepeta cataria L. 1 catnip I, P, W 

Nicandra physalodes (L.) Pers. apple of Peru I, A, W Phillips 589 MS 

- 246 -


Nigella damascena L. 2 

devil in the bush 

I, A 

Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt crowpoison N, P Phillips 778 AL 

Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. yellow cowlily N, P Phillips 564 MS 

Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton Canada toadflax N, A/B, W Hatch 8760 MS 

Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton1 Texas toadflax N, A/B 

Nymphaea odorata Ait. American waterlily N, P, W, IN Phillips 695 MS 

Nyssa aquatica L. water tupelo N, P Phillips 702 MS 

Nyssa biflora Walt. 1 swamp tupelo N, P 

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. blackgum N, P Phillips 649 MS 

Obolaria virginica L. 1 Virginia pennywort N, P 

Oenothera biennis L. common evening primrose N, P, W Phillips 306 TN 

Oenothera fruticosa L. subsp. fruticosa1 narrowleaf evening primrose N, P 

Oenothera fruticosa L. subsp. glauca (Michx.) Straley1 narrowleaf evening primrose N, P 

Oenothera laciniata Hill. cutleaf evening primrose N, A/P Hatch 9137 MS 

Oenothera linifolia Hill. threadleaf evening primrose N, A Phillips 982 MS 

Oenothera pilosella Raf. 1 meadow evening primrose N, P 

Oenothera speciosa Nutt. showy evening primrose N, P, W Hatch 9268 MS 

Oenothera triloba Nutt. 2 stemless evening primrose N, A/B 

Oldenlandia uniflora L. 1 clustered mille graines N, A 

Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum1 stiff goldenrod N, P 

Onoclea sensibilis L. sensitive fern N, P Kruse 1004 MS 

Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. bejariense 2 soft-hair marbleseed N, P 

Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. hispidissimum (Mackenzie) 

B.L. Turner 2 


- 247 -


Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. occidentale (Mackenzie) 

B.L. Turner 2 

soft-hair marbleseed 

N, P 

Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl2 limestone adderstongue N, P 

Ophioglossum vulgatum L. southern adderstongue N, P Hatch 9368 MS 

Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. bristle basketgrass N, A/P Phillips 718 MS 

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. 1 Barbary fig I, P 

Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 2 devil's-tongue N, P 

Orbexilum pedunculatum (P. Mill.) Rydb. var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely2 Sampson's snakeroot N, P 

Orbexilum pedunculatum (P.Mill.) Rydb. var. pedunculatum Sampson's snakeroot N, P Hatch 9313 MS 

Ornithogalum umbellatum L. 2 sleepydick I, P, W 

Orobanche uniflora L. 2 oneflowered broomrape N, A 

Orontium aquaticum L. 1 goldenclub N, P 

Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke 2 Clayton's sweetroot N, P 

Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. 1 longstyle sweetroot N, P 

Osmunda cinnamomea L. cinnamon fern N, P Kruse 1558 MS 

Osmunda claytoniana L. 2 interrupted fern N, P 

Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray2 royal fern N, P 

Ostrya virginiana (P.Mill.) K.Koch hophornbeam N, P Hatch 9143 MS 

Oxalis corniculata L. creeping woodsorrel N, A/P Phillips 1193 AL 

Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 2 slender yellow woodsorrel N, P 

Oxalis grandis Small2 great yellow woodsorrel N, A 

Oxalis priceae Small2 tufted yellow woodsorrel N, P 

Oxalis rubra St.-Hil. windowbox woodsorrel I, P Hatch 9103 MS 

Oxalis stricta L. common yellow oxalis N, P, W, IN Phillips 323 TN 

- 248 -


Hatch 8732 MS 

Oxalis violacea L. 

violet woodsorrel 

N, P 

Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. sourwood N, P Phillips 510 TN 

Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. stiff cowbane N, P Phillips 473 TN 

Pachysandra procumbens Michx. 1 Allegheny spurge N, P 

Packera anonyma (Wood) W.A. Weber & A. Löve1 Small's ragwort N, P 

Packera aurea (L.) A.& D. Löve1 golden ragwort N, P 

Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey butterweed N, A, W, IN Phillips 792 MS 

Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve 2 roundleaf ragwort N, P 

Packera paupercula (Michx.) A.& D. Löve balsam groundsel N, P Phillips 930 TN 

Packera tomentosa (Michx.) C. Jeffrey 2 woolly ragwort N, P 

Panax quinquefolius L. 1 American ginseng N, P, R (TN) 

Panicum anceps Michx. beaked panicum N, P Phillips 718 MS 

Panicum capillare L. 2 witchgrass N, A, W 

Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. fall panicum N, A, W Phillips 690 MS 

Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. wiry witchgrass N, A Hatch 9826 MS 

Panicum gattingeri Nash 2 Gattinger's panicum N, A 

Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. 2 Philadelphia witchgrass N, A 

Panicum repens L. torpedograss N, P, W, IN Hatch 9266 MS 

Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. elongatum (Pursh) Lelong 2 redtop panicum N, P 

Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. pubescens (Vasey) Lelong 2 redtop panicum N, P 

Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. rigidulum 2 redtop panicum N, P 

Panicum virgatum L. switchgrass N, P, W Phillips 552 AL 

Papaver dubium L. 2 blindeyes I, A 

Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 2 Pennsylvania pellitory N, A 

- 249 -


Parnassia caroliniana Michx. 1 

Carolina grass of Parnassus N, P 

Parnassia grandifolia DC. 1 largeleaf grass of Parnassus N, P, R (TN) 

Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood 2 smooth forked nailwort N, A 

Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. 2 hairy forked nailwort N, A 

Parthenium integrifolium L. 1 wild quinine N, P 

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch Virginia creeper N, P, W Phillips 712 MS 

Paspalum almum Chase Comb's crowngrass I, P Hatch 9895 MS 

Paspalum boscianum Fluggé bull paspalum N, A Hatch 10038 AL 

Paspalum convexum Humb.& Bonpl ex Flueggé. Mexican paspalum I, A Hatch 9850 MS 

Paspalum dilitatatum Poir. dallisgrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 339 TN 

Paspalum dissectum (L.)L. 2 mudbank paspalum N, P 

Paspalum distichum L. 2 knotgrass N, P 

Paspalum floridanum Michx. Florida paspalum N, P Phillips 610 MS 

Paspalum fluitans (Ell.) Kunth 2 water paspalum N, A 

Paspalum laeve Michx. roundseed paspalum N, P Hatch 9885 MS 

Paspalum notatum Flueggé bahiagrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 319 TN 

Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. hairyseed paspalum N, P Phillips 326 TN 

Paspalum setaceum Michx. thin paspalum N, P Phillips 437 TN 

Paspalum urvillei Steud. vaseygrass I, P, W Phillips 614 MS 

Paspalum virgatum L. seashore paspalum N, P Phillips 611 MS 

Passiflora edulis Sims2 purple granadilla I, P 

Passiflora incarnata L. purple passionflower N, P, W Phillips 307 TN 

Passiflora lutea L. 2 yellow passionflower N, P, W 

Pastinaca sativa L. 2 wild parsnip I, B/P, W, IN 

- 250 -


Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. 

princess tree 

I, P 


Pedicularis canadensis L. Canadian louseweed N, P Phillips 861 TN 

Pediomelum subacaule (Torr. & Gray) Rydb. 2 whiterim scurfpea N, P 

Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link purple cliffbrake N, P Kruse1157 AL 

Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. 1 pearl millet I, A/P, W, IN 

Penstemon alluviorum Pennell1 lowland beardtongue N, P 

Penstemon calycosus Small1 longsepal beardtongue N, P 

Penstemon canescens (Britt.) Britt. 2 eastern gray beardtongue N, P 

Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims talus slope penstemon N, P Phillips 1019 MS 

Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. 1 hairy beardtongue N, P 

Penstemon laevigatus Ait. eastern smooth beardtongue N, P Hatch 9734 MS 

Penstemon tenuiflorus Pennell1 eastern whiteflower beardtongue N, P 

Penthorum sedoides L. ditch stonecrop N, P Phillips 637 MS 

Perideridia americana (Nutt. ex DC.) Reichenb. 2 eastern yampah N, P 

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. 1 beefsteakplant I, A, W, IN 

Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx. fernleaf phacelia N, B Phillips 850 TN 

Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel. var. interior Fern. 2 interior phacelia N, A 

Phacelia purshii Buckl. Miami mist N, A Phillips 810 TN 

Phalaris canariensis L. 2 annual canarygrass I, A 

Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Carolina canarygrass N, A Hatch 9105 MS 

Phanopyrum gymnocarpon (Ell.) Nash savannah panicum N, P Phillips 682 MS 

Phaseolus polystachios (L.) B.S.P. 1 thicket bean N, P 

Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée broad beechfern N, P Kruse 1490 TN 

Phemeranthus calcaricus (Ware) Kiger2 limestone fameflower N, P 

- 251 -


Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt. 2 

streambank mock orange 

N, P 

Philadelphus inodorus L. scentless mock orange N, P Hatch 9053 MS 

Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var. intectus (Beadle) A.H. Moore2 hoary mock orange N, P 

Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var. pubescens2 hoary mock orange N, P 

Phleum pratense L. timothy I, P, W, IN Kruse 1497 TN 

Phlox amoena Sims hairy phlox N, P Phillips 852 TN 

Phlox amplifolia Britt. 2 largeleaf phlox N, P 

Phlox bifida Beck subsp. stellaria (Gray) Wherry2 cleft phlox N, P 

Phlox carolina L. thickleaf phlox N, P Hatch 8743b MS 

Phlox divaricata L. 1 wild blue phlox N, P 

Phlox glaberrima L. smooth phlox N, P Phillips 515 TN 

Phlox maculata L. 2 wild sweetwilliam N, P 

Phlox paniculata L. 2 fall phlox N, P 

Phlox pilosa L. subsp. pilosa1 downy phlox N, P 

Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnston oak mistletoe N, P Phillips 729 MS 

Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Robertson & Phipps1 red chokeberry N, P 

Phryma leptostachya L. American lopseed N, P Phillips 1161 TN 

Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene lanceleaf frogfruit N, P Phillips 597 MS 

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene sawtooth frogfruit N, P Phillips 616 MS 

Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. 2 Carolina leaf-flower N, A 

Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. 2 Mascarene Island leaf flower I, A 

Phyllanthus urinaria L. 2 chamber bitter I, A, W, IN 

Physalis angulata L. cutleaf ground cherry N, A, W Hatch 9793 MS 

Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) A.S. Hitchc. 2 smallflower groundcherry N, P 

- 252 -


Physalis cordata P. Mill. 2 

heartleaf groundcherry 

N, A 

Physalis heterophylla Nees2 clammy groundcherry N, P, W 

Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata (Mackenzie & Bush) Cronq. 2 longleaf groundcherry N, P, W 

Physalis pubescens L. var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall2 husk tomato N, A 

Physalis virginiana P. Mill. 2 Virginia groundcherry N, P 

Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. 2 common ninebark N, P 

Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. subsp. praemorsa (Shinners) Cantino2 obedient plant N, P 

Phytolacca americana L. American pokeweed N, P, W Phillips 304 TN 

Pilea pumila (L.) Gray Canada clearweed N, A Phillips 480 TN 

Pinus echinata P. Mill. shortleaf pine N, P Hatch 9344 MS 

Pinus elliottii Engelm. 2 slash pine N, P 

Pinus glabra Walt. 1 spruce pine N, P 

Pinus palustris P. Mill. 2 longleaf pine N, P 

Pinus taeda L. loblolly pine N, P Phillips 765 AL 

Pinus virginiana P. Mill. Virginia pine N, P Phillips 761 TN 

Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi blackseed needlegrass N, P Hatch 9399 MS 

Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt.var. graminifolia narrowleaf silkgrass N, P Phillips 1223 MS 

Plantago aristata Michx. largebracted plantain N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 9639 MS 

Plantago lanceolata L. lanceleaf plantain I, A/B/P, W, IN Phillips 320 TN 

Plantago major L. common plantain N, P, W, IN Hatch 9567 MS 

Plantago patagonica Jacq. 2 woolly plantain N, A 

Plantago pusilla Nutt. 2 dwarf plantain N, A 

Plantago rhodosperma Dcne. redseed plantain N, A Hatch 8766 MS 

Plantago rugelii Dcne. 2 blackseed plantain N, P 

- 253 -


Plantago virginica L. 

Virginia plantain 

N, A/B 

Hatch 9219 MS 

Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1 yellow fringed orchid N, P 

Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer 2 small green wood orchid N, P 

Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G.Don green fringed orchid N, P Hatch 9668a MS 

Platanthera peramoena (Gray) Gray 1 purple fringeless orchid N, P 

Platanus occidentalis L. American sycamore N, P Phillips 367 TN 

Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham subsp.michauxiana 

(Weatherby) Andrews & Windham 

resurrection fern N, P Kruse 1040 MS 

Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. camphor weed N, P Phillips 606 MS 

Poa annua L. annual bluegrass I, A, W Phillips 755 TN 

Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Willd. autumn bluegrass N, P Kruse 1351 AL 

Poa chapmaniana Scribn. 2 Chapman's bluegrass N, A 

Poa compressa L. 2 Canada bluegrass I, P 

Poa cuspidata Nutt. 2 early bluegrass N, P 

Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass N/I, P, W, IN Kruse 1301 TN 

Poa sylvestris Gray 2 woodland bluegrass N, P 

Podophyllum peltatum L. mayapple N, P Hatch 8730 MS 

Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. 2 hornleaf riverweed N, P 

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. 2 redwhisker clammyweed N, A 

Polemonium reptans L. Greek valerian N, P Phillips 902 TN 

Polygala ambigua Nutt. 1 whorled milkwort N, A 

Polygala boykinii Nutt. 1 Boykin's milkwort N, A 

Polygala cruciata L. 1 drumheads N, A 

Polygala curtissii Gray Curtiss' milkwort N, A Phillips 1182 TN 

- 254 -


Polygala incarnata L. 

procession flower 

N, A 


Polygala mariana P. Mill. 1 Maryland milkwort N, A 

Polygala nana (Michx.) DC. candyroot N, A Hatch 9358 MS 

Polygala nuttallii Torr. & Gray2 Nuttall's milkwort N, A 

Polygala polygama Walt. 1 racemed milkwort N, B 

Polygala sanguinea L. purple milkwort N, A Hatch 9615 MS 

Polygala senega L. 1 Seneca snakeroot N, P 

Polygala verticillata L. var. verticillata2 whorled milkwort N, A 

Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. King Solomon's seal N, P Phillips 578 MS 

Polygonum aviculare L. prostrate knotweed I, A, W Phillips 456 TN 

Polygonum cespitosum Blume var. longisetum (de Bruyn) A.N. Steward2 Oriental ladysthumb N, A 

Polygonum cilinode Michx. 2 fringed black bindweed N, P 

Polygonum convolvulus L. 2 black bindweed I, A, W 

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. 2 Japanese knotweed I, P, W, IN 

Polygonum erectum L. 2 erect knotweed N, A 

Polygonum glabrum Willd. denseflower knotweed N, A/P Hatch 9254 MS 

Polygonum hirsutum Walt. hairy smartweed N, P Hatch 9715 MS 

Polygonum hydropiper L. marshpepper knotweed I, A Phillips 420 TN 

Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. swamp smartweed N, P Phillips 310 TN 

Polygonum lapathifolium L. curlytop knotweed N, A, W Hatch 9955 MS 

Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Pennsylvania knotweed N, A, W Phillips 591 MS 

Polygonum persicaria L. 2 spotted ladysthumb I, A/P, W, IN 

Polygonum punctatum Ell. 1 dotted ladysthumb N, A/P 

Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small2 bushy knotweed N, A 

- 255 -


Polygonum sagittatum L. 

Polygonum scandens L. (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason var. dumetorum (L.) 

Gleason 1 

arrowleaf heartthumb 

I, A/P 


- 256 - 

Phillips 1235 

Polygonum scandens L. (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason2 var. cristatum 

(Engelm & Gray) Gleason 


Polygonum virginianum L. jumpseed N, A/P Phillips 347 TN 

Polymnia canadensis L. 1 whiteflower leafcup N, P 

Polypodium virginianum L. 2 rock polypody N, P 

Polypremum procumbens L. 1 juniper leaf N, A/P 

Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott Christmas fern N, P Kruse 908 TN 

Polytaenia nuttallii DC. 2 Nuttall's prairie parsley N, P 

Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. hardy orange I, P, W, IN Hatch 9054 MS 

Pontederia cordata L. 2 pickerelweed N, P 

Populus alba L. 2 white poplar I, P, W, IN 

Populus deltoides Bertran ex Marsh. cottonwood N,P Phillips 391 TN 

Populus grandidentata Michx. 2 bigtooth aspen N, P 

Populus heterophylla L. 1 swamp cottonwood N, P 

Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm. (pro sp.) 2 [alba x tremula] I, P 

Portulaca oleracea L. 2 little hogweed I, A, W, IN 

Potamogeton crispus L. 2 curly pondweed I, P 

Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. waterthread pondweed N, P Hatch 9326 MS 

Potamogeton foliosus Raf. 2 leafy pondweed N, P 

Potamogeton nodosus Poir. 2 longleaf pondweed N, P 

Potamogeton pusillus L. 2 small pondweed N, P 

MS


Potentilla canadensis L. 1 

dwarf cinquefoil 

N, P 

Potentilla intermedia L. 2 downy cinquefoil I, P 

Potentilla norvegica L. subsp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn. 1 Norwegian cinquefoil N, A/B/P 

Potentilla recta L. 1 sulfur cinquefoil I, P, W, IN 

Potentilla simplex Michx. common cinquefoil N, P Hatch 9432 MS 

Prenanthes altissima L. tall rattlesnakeroot N, P Hatch 9875 MS 

Prenanthes aspera Michx. 1 rough rattlesnakeroot N, P 

Prenanthes barbata (Torr. & Gray) Milstead 2 barbed rattlesnakeroot N, P 

Proboscidea louisianica (P. Mill.) Thellung2 ram's horn N, A, W, IN 

Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D. Don 2 yellow fairybells N, P 

Proserpinaca palustris L. 1 marsh mermaidweed N, P 

Prunella vulgaris L. common selfheal N, P, W, IN Phillips 301 TN 

Prunus americana Marsh. 1 American plum N, P 

Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw plum N, P Phillips 503 TN 

Prunus caroliniana Ait. Carolina laurelcherry N, P Hatch 8737 MS 

Prunus hortulana Bailey2 hortulan plum N, P 

Prunus mahaleb L. 2 Mahaleb cherry I, P, W, IN 

Prunus mexicana S. Wats. 1 Mexican plum N, P 

Prunus munsoniana W. Wight & Hedrick1 wild goose plum N, P 

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch2 peach I, P 

Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina2 black cherry N, P 

Prunus umbellata Ell. hog plum N, P Phillips 504 TN 

Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium(L.) Hilliard & Burtt subsp. obtusifolium rabbittobacco N, A Phillpis 440 TN 

Ptelea trifoliata L. 2 common hoptree N, P 

- 257 -


Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) A. Heller 

western brackenfern 

N, P, W 

Kruse 927 TN 

Pteris multifida Poir. spider brake I, P Hatch 8733 MS 

Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. herbwilliam N, A Hatch 9548 MS 

Ptilimnium costatum (Ell.) Raf. 2 ribbed mock bishopweed N, A 

Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. 2 laceflower N, A 

Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida kudzu I, P, W, IN Phillips 721 MS 

Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & Gray whiteleaf mountainmint N, P Phillips 369 TN 

Pycnanthemum curvipes (Greene) E. Grant & Epling2 stone mountainmint N, P 

Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) B.S.P. 1 Applachian mountainmint N, P 

Pycnanthemum loomisii Nutt. 1 Loomis' mountainmint N, P 

Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides (Leavenworth) Fern. 1 southern mountainmint N, P 

Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. narrowleaf mountianmint N, P Phillips 556 AL 

Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. Carolina desert chicory N, A/B, W Hatch 9760 MS 

Pyrus calleryana Dcne. Callery pear I, P, W, IN Phillips 764 AL 

Pyrus communis L. 2 common pear I, P, W, IN 

Quercus alba L. white oak N, P Phillips 703 MS 

Quercus bicolor Willd. swamp white oak N, P Phillips 882 TN 

Quercus coccinea Muenchh. scarlet oak N, P Hatch 9580 MS 

Quercus falcata Michx. southern red oak N, P Phillips 542a AL 

Quercus imbricaria Michx. shingle oak N, P Hatch 10060 MS 

Quercus laurifolia Michx. 1 laurel oak N, P 

Quercus lyrata Walt. overcup oak N, P Phillips 508 TN 

Quercus macrocarpa Michx. bur oak N, P Phillips 544a AL 

Quercus marilandica Muenchh. blackjack oak N, P Phillips 543a AL 

- 258 -


Quercus michauxii Nutt. 

swamp chestnut oak 

N, P 


Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. chinkapin oak N, P Phillips 1207 MS 

Quercus nigra L. water oak N, P Phillips 557 AL 

Quercus pagoda Raf. cherrybark oak N, P Hatch 10061 MS 

Quercus palustris Muenchh. 2 in oak N, P 

Quercus phellos L. willow oak N, P Phillips 500 TN 

Quercus prinus L. 1 chestnut oak N, P 

Quercus rubra L. var. ambigua (Gray) Fern. 2 northern red oak N, P 

Quercus rubra L. var. rubra2 northern red oak N, P 

Quercus shumardii Buckl. 1 Shumard's oak N, P 

Quercus stellata Wangenh. post oak N, P Phillips 459 TN 

Quercus texana Buckley Texas oak N, P Hatch 9598 MS 

Quercus velutina Lam. black oak N, P Phillips 545 AL 

Quercus virginiana P. Mill. 1 live oak N, P 

Ranunculus abortivus L. 1 littleleaf buttercup N, B/P 

Ranunculus acris L. tall buttercup N/I, P Phillips 1020 MS 

Ranunculus bulbosus L. bulbous buttercup I, P Phillips 298 TN 

Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow early buttercup N, P Hatch 8736 MS 

Ranunculus harveyi (Gray) Britt. 2 Harvey's buttercup N, P 

Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan2 bristly buttercup N, P 

Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 2 longbeak buttercup N, P 

Ranunculus macranthus Scheele showy buttercup N, P Phillips 782 MS 

Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. rock buttercup N, P Phillips 746 TN 

Ranunculus muricatus L. 1 spinyfruit buttercup I, A/B/P 

- 259 -


Ranunculus parviflorus L. 

smallflower buttercup 

I, A 

Hatch 8784 MS 

Ranunculus pusillus Poir. weak buttercup N, A Hatch 8769 MS 

Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. blisterwort N, P Phillips 954 TN 

Ranunculus sardous Crantz hairy buttercup I, A/B/P, W Hatch 8692 MS 

Ranunculus sceleratus L. celeryleaf buttercup N, A Hatch 8692 MS 

Raphanus raphanistrum L. wild radish I, A/B, W Hatch 8799 MS 

Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. 2 upright prairie coneflower N, P 

Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. 1 pinnate prairie coneflower N, P 

Rhamnus alnifolia L'Hér alderleaf buckthorn N, P Hatch 10068 MS 

Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh2 lanceleaf buckthorn N, P 

Rhexia mariana L. var. interior (Pennell) Kral & Bostick Maryland's meadowbeauty N, P Phillips 438 TN 

Rhexia mariana L. var. mariana2 Maryland's meadowbeauty N, P 

Rhexia virginica L. 2 handsome Harry N, P 

Rhododendron alabamense Rehder Alabama azalea N, P Phillips 822 TN 

Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet mountain azalea N, P Phillips 819 TN 

Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners 2 pink azalea N, P 

Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais 2 early azalea N, P 

Rhus aromatica Ait. 2 fragrant sumac N, P 

Rhus copallinum L. flameleaf sumac N, P Phillips 387 TN 

Rhus glabra L. smooth sumac N, P Phillips 725 MS 

Rhus typhina L. 2 staghorn sumac N, P 

Rhynchosia difformis (Ell.) DC. 2 doubleform snoutbean N, P 

Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray1 prairie snoutbean N, P 

Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) Hook. & Arn. var. tomentosa twining snoutbean N, P Phillips 1200 MS 

- 260 -


Rhynchospora caduca Ell. 

anglestem beaksedge 

N, P 

Kruse 1024 MS 

Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl 2 brownish beaksedge N, P 

Rhynchospora compressa Carey ex Chapman flatfruit beaksedge N, A/P Hatch 9665 MS 

Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) Gray shortbristle horned beaksedge N, P, W Phillips 992 MS 

Rhynchospora globularis (Chapman) Small var. globularis globe beaksedge N, P Kruse 1491 TN 

Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl clustered beaksedge N, P Kruse 979 MS 

Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Ell. fewflower beaksedge N, P Hatch 9650 MS 

Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral 1 globe beaksedge N, P 

Robinia hispida L. 2 bristly locust N, P 

Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust N, P, W, IN Phillips 318 TN 

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek watercress N, P Phillips 402 TN 

Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. subsp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell 2 Fernald's yellowcress N, A/B/P 

Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc. 2 stalkless yellowcress N, A 

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess. 1 creeping yellowcress I, P, W, IN 

Rosa bracteata J.C. Wendl. McCartney rose I, P, W, IN Hatch 9754b MS 

Rosa canina L. 2 dog rose I, P 

Rosa carolina L. Carolina rose N, P Hatch 9193 MS 

Rosa eglanteria L. 2 sweetbriar rose I, P 

Rosa laevigata Michx. 1 Cherokee rose I, P 

Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. multiflower rose I, P, W, IN Phillips 952 TN 

Rosa palustris Marsh. 1 swamp rose N, P 

Rosa setigera Michx. 1 climbing rose N, P 

Rosa virginiana P. Mill. Virginia rose N, P Phillips 951 TN 

Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne2 lowland rotala N, A, W 

- 261 -


Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex L.H. Bailey 

Allegheny blackberry 

N, P 

Hatch 9060 MS 

Rubus argutus Link1 sawtooth blackberry N, P, W, IN 

Rubus bifrons Vest ex Tratt. 2 Himalayan berry I, P 

Rubus cuneifolius Pursh1 sand blackberry N, P 

Rubus flagellaris Willd. northern dewberry N, P Phillips 1018 MS 

Rubus occidentalis L. 2 black raspberry N, P 

Rubus trivialis Michx. southern dewberry N, P, W Hatch 8751 MS 

Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. fulgida orange coneflower N, P Hatch 9588 MS 

Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. speciosa (Wenderoth) Perdue orange coneflower N, P Hatch 9119 MS 

Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. var. umbrosa (C.L. Boynt. & Beadle) Cronq. orange coneflower N, P Phillips 479 TN 

Rudbeckia hirta L. var. hirta 2 blackeyed Susan N, A/B/P 

Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. 2 blackeyed Susan N, A/B/P 

Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. laciniata 2 cutleaf coneflower N, P 

Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh sweet coneflower N, P Phillips 685 MS 

Rudbeckia triloba L. 1 browneyed Susan N, P 

Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F. Gmel.) Steud. subsp. caroliniensis var. caroliniensis 2 Carolina wild petunia N 

Ruellia humilis Nutt. 2 fringeleaf wild petunia N, P 

Ruellia strepens L. limestone wild petunia N, P Hatch 9466 MS 

Rumex acetosella L. 1 common sheep sorrell I, P, W 

Rumex altissimus Wood pale dock N, P Phillips 914 TN 

Rumex chrysocarpus Moris2 amamastla N, P 

Rumex conglomeratus Murr. 2 clustered dock I, P 

Rumex crispus L. curly dock I, P, W Hatch 9131 MS 

Rumex hastatulus Baldw. heartwing sorrel N, P Phillips 837 TN 

- 262 -


Rumex obtusifolius L. 2 

bitter dock 

I, P, W 

Rumex patientia L. 1 patience dock I, P 

Rumex pulcher L. fiddle dock I, P Hatch 9221 MS 

Rumex verticillatus L. 2 swamp dock N, P 

Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers. dwarf palmetto N, P photograph 

Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh. rosepink N, A Hatch 9675 MS 

Sabatia brachiata Ell. narrowleaf rose gentian N, B Phillips 1167 TN 

Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. 2 slender rose gentian N, P 

Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt. 2 silver plumegrass N, P 

Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. brevibarbe shortbeard plumegrass N, P Phillips 629 MS 

Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. contortum (Ell.) R. Webster shortbeard plumegrass N, P Hatch 9916 MS 

Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. sugarcane plumegrass N, P Phillips 620 MS 

Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase glenwood grass I, P Phillips 699 MS 

Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray1 trailing pearlwort N, A 

Sagina procumbens L. 2 birdeye pearlwort I, P 

Sagittaria australis (J.G. Sm.) Small 2 longbeak arrowhead N, P 

Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush shortbeak arrowhead N, P Hatch 9951 MS 

Sagittaria calycina Engelm. 2 hooded arrowhead N, P 

Sagittaria engelmanniana J.G. Sm. 2 Engelmann's arrowhead N, P 

Sagittaria latifolia L. broadleaf arrowhead N, P, W Phillips 514 TN 

Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlecht. giant arrowhead I, P, W Phillips 543b AL 

Salix caroliniana Michx. coastal plain willow N, P Phillips 390 TN 

Salix cinerea L. 2 large gray willow I, P 

Salix eriocephala Michx. 2 Missouri river willow N, P 

- 263 -


Salix humilis Marsh. var. humilis2 prairie willow 

N, P 

Salix humilis Marsh. var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs1 prairie willow N, P 

Salix interior Rowlee2 sandbar willow N, P 

Salix nigra Marsh. black willow N, P Phillips 312 TN 

Salix sericea Marsh. 2 silky willow N, P 

Salix x pendulina Wenderoth2 [fragilis x ?sepulcralis] I, P 

Salix x sepulcralis Simonkai2 [alba x ?pendulina] I, P 

Salsola tragus L. 2 prickly Russian thistle I, A, W, IN 

Salvia lyrata L. lyreleaf sage N, P, W Hatch 8727 MS 

Salvia officinalis L. 2 kitchen sage I, P 

Salvia reflexa Hornem. 2 lanceleaf sage N, A, W 

Salvia urticifolia L. 1 nettleleaf sage N, P 

Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli common elderberry N, P Phillips 409 TN 

Sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa red elderberry N, P Phillips 1130 TN 

Samolus valerandi L. subsp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén2 seaside brookweed N, P 

Sanguinaria canadensis L. bloodroot N, P Hatch 8808 MS 

Sanicula canadensis L. 1 Canadian blacksnakeroot N, B 

Sanicula marilandica L. 2 Maryland sancile N, P 

Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe clustered blacksnakeroot N, A Phillips 377 TN 

Sanicula smallii Bickn. 2 Small's blacksnakeroot N, B/P 

Sanicula trifoliata Bickn. 2 largefruit blacksnakeroot N, P 

Sapindus saponaria L. var. saponaria2 wingleaf soapberry N, P 

Saponaria officinalis L. 1 bouncingbet I, P, W, IN 

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees sassafrasl N, P Phillips 343 TN 

- 264 -


Saururus cernuus L. 

lizard's tail 

N, P, W 

Hatch 9331 MS 

Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. early saxifrage N, P Phillips 754 TN 

Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) Beauv. 2 meadow fescue I, P 

Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium little bluestem N, P Hatch 9831 MS 

Schoenolirion croceum (Michx.) Wood 2 yellow sunnybell N, P 

Scirpus atrovirens Willd. green bulrush N, P Hatch 9554 MS 

Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth bulrush N, P Kruse 916 TN 

Scirpus georgianus Harper Georgia bulrush N, P Hatch 9352 MS 

Scirpus lineatus Michx. drooping bulrush N, P Hatch 9463 MS 

Scirpus pendulus Muhl. 2 rufous bulrush N, P 

Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl leafy bulrush N, P Kruse 931 TN 

Scleria ciliata Michx. fringed nutrush N, P Hatch 9378 MS 

Scleria oligantha Michx. littlehead nutrush N, P Hatch 9303 MS 

Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. pauciflora fewflower nutrush N, P Hatch 9382 MS 

Scleria triglomerata Michx. 2 whip nutrush N, P 

Scrophularia marilandica L. 2 carpenter's square N, P 

Scutellaria bushii Britt. Bush's skullcap N, P Phillips 1144 MS 

Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng. var. hirsuta (Short & Peter) Fern. 2 hairy skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria incana Biehler var. australis (Epling) Collins hoary skullcap N, P Phillips 576 MS 

Scutellaria incana Biehler var. incana2 hoary skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria integrifolia L. helmetflower N, P Hatch 9294 MS 

Scutellaria lateriflora L. 1 blue skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria nervosa Pursh1 veiny skullcap N, P 

Scutellaria ovata Hill subsp. ovata2 heartleaf skullcap N, P 

- 265 -


Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. australis Fassett2 small skullcap 

N, P 

Scutellaria siphocampyloides Vatke2 grayleaf skullcap N, P 

Secale cereale L. 2 cereal rye I, A, W 

Securigera varia L. Lassen purple crownvetch I, P, W, IN Phillips 388 TN 

Sedum pulchellum Michx. widowscross N, A/B Phillips 847 TN 

Sedum sarmentosum Bunge 2 stringy stonecrop I, P 

Sedum ternatum Michx. woodland stonecrop N, P Kruse 1354 AL 

Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring meadow spikemoss N, P Hatch 8753 MS 

Senecio plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve prairie groundsel B/P Phillips 910 TN 

Senecio vulgaris L. 2 old-man-in-the-Spring I, A/B, W, IN 

Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby2 American senna N, P 

Senna marilandica (L.) Link1 Maryland senna N, P 

Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Java-bean N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 10017 MS 

Senna occidentalis (L.) Link1 septicweed I, A/P, W 

Senna tora (L.) Roxb. 1 sickle senna I, P 

Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) B.S.P. narrowleaf whitetop aster N, P Phillips 1185 TN 

Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory poisonbean N, P Phillips 605 MS 

Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh2 bigpod sesbania N, A/P, W, IN Hatch 10014 MS 

Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail bristlegrass I, A, W Phillips 382 TN 

Setaria parviflora (Poir.)Kerguel. knotroot bristlegrass N, P, W Phillips 498 TN 

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes subsp. pallidifusa 

(Schumacher) B.K. Simon 

yellow bristlegrass I, A, W, IN Hatch 9974 MS 

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes subsp. pumila yellow bristlegrass I, A Phillips 623 MS 

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. var. viridis 2 green bristlegrass I, A, IN 

- 266 -


Sherardia arvensis L. 

blue field-madder 

I, A 

Hatch 8717 MS 

Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins1 Virginia winged rockcress N, A/B 

Sicyos angulatus L. 2 oneseed burr cucumber N, A, W 

Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray2 Elliot's fanpetals N, P 

Sida rhombifolia L. cuban jute N, A/P, W Hatch 9777 MS 

Sida spinosa L. prickly fan petals N, A/P, W Phillips 732 MS 

Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. subsp. lanuginosum2 gum bully N, P 

Sideroxylon lycioides L. 1 buckthorn bully N, P 

Silene antirrhina L. 2 sleepy silene N, A 

Silene latifolia Poir. 2 bladder campion I, B/P, W 

Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. widowsfrill N, P Phillips 1177 TN 

Silene virginica L. firepink N, P Phillips 853 TN 

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke 2 maidenstears I, P, W 

Silphium asteriscus L. 2 starry rosinweed N, P 

Silphium integrifolium Michx. wholeleaf rosinweed N, P Phillips 558 AL 

Silphium mohrii Small 2 Mohr's rosinweed N, P 

Silphium perfoliatum L. cup plant N, P, W, IN Phillips 1153 TN 

Silphium radula Nutt. 1 roughstem rosinweed N, P 

Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. 1 prairie rosinweed N, P 

Silphium trifoliatum L. var. latifolium Gray whorled rosinweed N, P Phillips 555 AL 

Silphium trifoliatum L. var. trifoliatum whorled rosinweed N, P 

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. 1 hedgemustard I, A 

Sisyrinchium albidum Raf. white blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 730 MS 

Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill. narrowleaf blue-eyedgrass N, P Phillips 1094 MS 

- 267 -


Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bickn. 

eastern blue-eyedgrass 

N, P 


Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. prairire blue-eyedgrass N, P Hatch 9093 MS 

Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. needletip blue-eyedgrass N, P Hatch 9359 MS 

Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small1 hairy leafcup N, P 

Smilax auriculata Walt. earleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9367 MS 

Smilax biltmoreana(Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell 2 Biltmore's carrionflower N, P 

Smilax bona-nox L. saw greenbriar N, P Hatch 9149 MS 

Smilax glauca Walt. cat greenbriar N,P Phillips 534 SL 

Smilax herbacea L. 1 smooth carrionflower N, P 

Smilax hugeri (Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell 2 Huger's carrionflower N, P 

Smilax lasioneura Hook. 2 Blue Ridge carrionflower N, P 

Smilax laurifolia L. 1 laurel greenbriar N, P 

Smilax pumila Walt. sasparilla vine N, P Phillps 454 TN 

Smilax rotundifolia L. roundleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9881 MS 

Smilax smallii Morong lanceleaf greenbriar N, P Hatch 9920 MS 

Smilax tamnoides L. 2 bristly greenbriar N, P 

Smilax walteri Pursh 2 coral greenbriar N, P 

Solanum carolinense L. Carolina horsenettle N, P, W, IN Phillips 362 TN 

Solanum dulcamara L. 2 climbing nightshade I, P, W, IN 

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. silverleaf nightshade N, P, W, IN Hatch 9967 MS 

Solanum nigrum L. 1 black nightshade I, A/P, W 

Solanum ptychanthum Dunal2 West Indian nightshade N, A, W, IN 

Solanum rostratum Dunal2 buffalobur nightshade N, A, W, IN 

Solanum triflorum Nutt. 2 cutleaf nightshade N, A, W 

- 268 -


Solidago arguta Ait. var. caroliniana Gray 2 

Atlantic goldenrod 

N, P 

Solidago bicolor L. 1 white goldenrod N, P 

Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. & Gray Canada goldenrod N, P, W Phillips 1218 MS 

Solidago curtisii Torr. & Gray mountain decumbent goldenrod N, P Phillips 442 TN 

Solidago discoidea Ell. 1 rayless mock goldenrod N, P 

Solidago erecta Pursh1 showy goldenrod N, P 

Solidago flexicaulis L. 2 zigzag goldenrod N, P 

Solidago gigantea Ait. giant goldenrod N, P Phillips 389 TN 

Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. 1 hairy goldenrod N, P 

Solidago juncea Ait. early goldenrod N, P Phillips 538b AL 

Solidago missouriensis Nutt. var. fasciculata Holz. 2 Missouri goldenrod N, P 

Solidago nemoralis Ait. grey goldenrod N, P Phillips 431 TN 

Solidago odora Ait. 1 anisescented goldenrod N, P 

Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd. 1 roundleaf goldenrod N, P 

Solidago roanensis Porter1 Roan Mountain goldenrod N, P 

Solidago rugosa P. Mill. subsp. aspera (Ait.) Cronq. 1 wrinkleleaf goldenrod N, P 

Solidago rugosa P. Mill. subsp. rugosa var. villosa (Pursh) Fern. 2 wrinkleleaf goldenrod N, P 

Solidago rupestris Raf. 2 rock goldenrod N, P 

Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula Torr. & Gray1 showy goldenrod N, P 

Solidago sphacelata Raf. 1 autumn goldenrod N, P 

Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia elmleaf goldenrod N, P Phillips 368 TN 

Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pavón field soliva I, A, W, IN Hatch 8718 MS 

Sonchus arvensis L. 2 field sowthistle I, P, W, IN 

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill prickly sowthistle I, A, W, IN Hatch 8704 MS 

- 269 -


Sonchus oleraceus L. 2 

common sowthistle 

I, A, W, IN 

Sorghastrum elliottii (C. Mohr) Nash slender indiangrass N, P Hatch 10059 MS 

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash yellow indiangrass N, P, W Phillips 551 AL 

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench2 sorghum I, A, W, IN 

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. johnsongrass I, P, W, IN Phillips 379 TN 

Sparganium americanum Nutt. American bur-reed N, P Kruse 1398 MS 

Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link 2 prairie cordgrass N, P 

Spermacoce glabra Michx. 1 smooth false buttonweed N, P 

Sphenopholis filiformis (Chapman) Scribn. longleaf wedgescale N, P Hatch 9078 MS 

Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. slender wedgescale N, P Hatch 9065 MS 

Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. shiny wedgescale N,P Kruse 1311 TN 

Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. obtusata prairie wedgescale N, A/P Hatch 9318 MS 

Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) A.S. Hitchc. 2 swamp wedgescale N, P 

Spigelia marilandica (L.) L. woodland pinkroot N, P Hatch 9425 MS 

Spiraea japonica L. f. 2 Japanese meadowsweet I, P, W, IN 

Spiranthes cernua (L.) L.C. Rich. 1 nodding ladies' tresses N, P 

Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer 2 northern slender ladies' tresses N, P 

Spiranthes lucida (H.H. Eat.) Ames 1 shining ladies' tresses N, P, T (TN) 

Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. 1 October ladies' tresses N, P 

Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. little ladies' tresses N, P Phillips 426 TN 

Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray spring ladies' tresses N, P Hatch 9898 MS 

Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden giant duckweed N, P Hatch 9281 MS 

Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Mey.) C.H. Thompson dotted duckmeat N, P Phillips 701 MS 

Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. compositus 2 tall dropseed N, P 

- 270 -


Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi 2 meadow dropseed 

N, P 

Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. smutgrass N/I, A/P, W Phillips 553 AL 

Sporobolus neglectus Nash 2 puffsheath dropseed N, A 

Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. ozarkanus (Fern.) Shinners 2 Ozark dropseed N, A 

Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. vaginiflorus poverty dropseed N, A Hatch 9826a MS 

Stachys crenata Raf. 1 mousesear N, A/B/P 

Stachys cordata Riddell2 heartleaf hedgenettle N, P 

Stachys tenuifolia Willd. 1 smooth hedgenettle N, P 

Staphylea trifolia L. American bladdernut N, P Phillips 970 AL 

Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash gaping panicum N, P Phillips 609 MS 

Stellaria corei Shinners 2 Tennessee starwort N, P 

Stellaria fontinalis (Short & Peter) B.L. Robins. 2 American water starwort N, P 

Stellaria graminea L. grasslike starwort I, P Phillips 798 TN 

Stellaria media (L.) Vill. subsp. media common chickweed I, A/P, IN Phillips 747 TN 

Stellaria pubera Michx. star chickweed N, P Phillips 855 TN 

Stenanthium gramineum (Ker-Gawl.) Morong 1 eastern featherbells N, P 

Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell var. nigricans2 diamondflowers N, P 

Stewartia ovata (Cav.) Weatherby mountain camellia N, P Hatch 9447 MS 

Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. 1 amberique-bean N, A 

Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & Gray) Piper2 slickseed fuzzybean N, A 

Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt. pink fuzzybean N, P Phillips 425 TN 

Stylisma humistrata (Walt.) Chapman1 southern dawnflower N, P 

Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 2 celadine poppy N, P 

Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S.P. sidebeak pencilflower N, P Phillips 496 TN 

- 271 -


Styrax americanus Lam. 1 

American snowbell 

N, P 

Styrax grandifolius Ait. bigleaf snowbell N, P Phillips 487 TN 

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench coralberry N, P Phillips 366 TN 

Symphyotrichum anomalum (Engelm.) Nesom manyray aster N, P Phillips 1236 MS 

Symphyotrichum concolor (L.) Nesom1 eastern silver aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom1 common blue wood aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom southern annual saltmarsh aster N, A/B Hatch 10046 MS 

Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) Nesom var. drummondii 2 Drummond's aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom var. dumosum1 rice button aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom white heath aster N, P Hatch 9821 MS 

Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.&D. Löve var. laeve smooth blue aster N, P Hatch 9858 MS 

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom subsp. lanceolatum white panicle aster N, P Hatch 9979 MS 

Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.&D. Löve var. lateriflorum calico aster N, P Hatch 10002 MS 

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom 1 New England aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) Nesom 2 aromatic aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Weig.) Nesom bottomland aster N, P Hatch 9950 MS 

Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) Nesom var. oolentangiense 1 skyblue aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. gracile (Hook.) Nesom late purple aster N, P Phillips 1228 MS 

Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. patens late purple aster N, P Hatch 10009 MS 

Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pilosum hairy white oldfield aster N, P Phillips 711 MS 

Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var. praealtum 1 willowleaf aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum prenanthoides(Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom crookedstem aster N, P Hatch 9856 MS 

Symphyotrichum priceae (Britt.) Nesom 2 lavender oldfield aster N, P 

Symphyotrichum racemosum (Ell.) Nesom smooth white oldfield aster N, P 

- 272 -


Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) Nesom1 Short's aster 

N, P 

Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) Nesom waxyleaf aster N, P Hatch 10049 MS 

Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Hér. 1 common sweetleaf N, P 

Synandra hispidula (Michx.) Britt. 2 Guyandotte beauty N, P 

Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude yellow pimpernel N, P 

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. feverfew I, P Phillips 838 TN 

Tanacetum vulgare L. 1 common tansy I, P, W, IN 

Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. 2 rock dandelion I, P 

Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers common dandelion N/I, P, W Phillips 330 TN 

Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich. bald cypress N, P Phillips 1013 MS 

Tephrosia spicata (Walt.) Torr. & Gray1 spiked hoarypea N, P 

Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. 1 Virginia thephrosia N, P 

Teucrium canadense L. Canada germander N, P, W Phillips 1144 TN 

Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lal purple meadowrue N, P Phillips 361 TN 

Thalictrum dioicum L. early meadowrue N, P Hatch 9323 MS 

Thalictrum pubescens Pursh2 king of the meadow N, P 

Thalictrum revolutum DC. waxyleaf meadowrue N, P Hatch 9330 MS 

Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivins rue anemone N, P Phillips 813 TN 

Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. hairyjoint meadowparsnip N, P Hatch 9462 MS 

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. aureum Britt. 2 purple meadowparsnip N, P 

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. trifoliatum 2 purple meadowparsnip N, P 

Thelypteris hispidula (Dcne.) C.F. Reed var. versicolor (R. St. John) Lellinger rough hairy maidenfern N, P Hatch 9814 MS 

Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton Kunth's maidenfern N, P Kruse 1037 MS 

Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. New York fern N, P Kruse 1500 TN 

- 273 -


Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern. 2 

eastern marsh fern 

N, P 

Thermopsis villosa (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 2 Aaron's rod N, P 

Thlaspi arvense L. 2 field pennycress I, A, W, IN 

Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. arcticus (Dur.) Jalas2 creeping thyme I, P 

Tiarella cordifolia L. heartleaf foamflower N, P Phillips 862 TN 

Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud. 2 American basswood N, P 

Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish moss N, P Phillips 720 MS 

Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. cripple cranefly N, P Phillips 722 MS 

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link 2 spreading hedgeparsley I, A 

Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. erect hedgeparsley I, A Phillips 1141 TN 

Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. 2 knotted hedgeparsley I, A 

Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. Atlantic poison oak N, P Hatch 9970 MS 

Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze subsp. radicans 2 eastern poisonivy N, P photograph 

Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze1 poison sumac N, P 

Trachelospermum difforme (Walt.) Gray climbing dogbane N, P Hatch 8788 MS 

Tradescantia hirsuticaulis Small hairystem spiderwort N, P Phillips 297 TN 

Tradescantia hirsutiflora Bush1 hairyflower spiderwort N, P 

Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. bluejacket N, P Hatch 9297 MS 

Tradescantia subaspera Ker-Gawl. 2 zigzag spiderwort N, P 

Tradescantia virginiana L. Virginia spiderwort N, P Hatch 9256 MS 

Tragia cordata Michx. 2 heartleaf noseburn N, P 

Tragopogon dubius Scop. 2 yellow salsify I, A/B, W, IN 

Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walt.) Vail2 Carolina bugbane N, P 

Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. whitenymph N, A Hatch 9730 MS 

- 274 -


Triadenum tubulosum (Walt.) Gleason 2 

lesser marsh St.Johnswort 

N, P 

Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Chinese tallowtree I, P, W, IN Phillips 713 MS 

Trianthema portulacastrum L. desert horsepurslane N, A/P, W Hatch 9796 MS 

Trichomanes boschianum Sturm Applachian bristlefern N, P, T (TN) Kruse 1367 MS 

Trichostema brachiatum L. 2 fluxweed N, A 

Trichostema dichotomum L. 1 forked bluecurls N, A 

Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. var. flavus 2 purpletop N, P 

Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash longspike tridens N, P Phillips 633 MS 

Trifolium campestre Schreb. field clover I, A/B, W, IN Phillips 803 TN 

Trifolium dubium Sibthorp smallhop clover I, A Phillips 493 TN 

Trifolium hybridum L. alsike clover I, A/P Hatch8776 MS 

Trifolium incarnatum L. crimson clover I, A, W Phillips 840 TN 

Trifolium pratense L. red clover I, A, W, IN Phillips 305 TN 

Trifolium reflexum L. 2 buffalo clover N, A/B 

Trifolium repens L. var. repens white clover I, P, IN Phillips 322 TN 

Trifolium resupinatum L. reversed clover I, A Hatch 9179 MS 

Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex Eat. 1 running buffalo clover N, P 

Trillium cuneatum Raf. 2 little sweet Betsy N, P 

Trillium decumbens Harbison 2 trailing wakerobin N, P 

Trillium erectum L. 1 red trillium N, P 

Trillium flexipes Raf. 1 nodding wakerobin N, P 

Trillium ludovicianum Harbison1 Louisiana wakerobin N, P 

Trillium maculatum Raf. 1 spotted wakerobin N, P 

Trillium recurvatum Beck 2 bloody butcher N, P 

- 275 -


Trillium sessile L. 

toadshade 

N, P 


Trillium stamineum Harbison1 Blue Ridge wakerobin N, P 

Trillium viride Beck wood wakerobin N, P Phillips 823 TN 

Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Bradley clasping Venus' looking-glass N, A Hatch 8698 MS 

Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. perfoliata clasping Venus' looking-glass N, A Hatch 9092 MS 

Triosteum angustifolium L. yellowfruit horse-gentian N, P Phillips 906 TN 

Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. 2 orangefruit horse-gentian N, P 

Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. 1 threebirds N, P 

Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. eastern gammagrass N, P, W Phillips 608 MS 

Triticum aestivum L. 2 wheat I, A, W 

Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 2 eastern hemlock N, P 

Typha angustifolia L. 2 narrowleaf cattail I, P 

Typha latifolia L. broadleaf cattail N, P, W Phillips 401 TN 

Ulmus alata Michx. winged elm N, P Phillips 450 TN 

Ulmus americana L. American elm N, P 

Ulmus pumila L. 2 Siberian elm I, P, W, IN 

Ulmus rubra Muhl. slippery elm N, P Phillips 410 TN 

Ulmus serotina Sarg. 3 September elm N, P 

Ulmus thomasii Sarg. rock elm N, P Phillips 645 MS 

Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R. Webster browntop signalgrass N, A/P, W Hatch 10077 MS 

Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex Wright) R. Webster broadleaf signalgrass N, A, W Phillips 595 MS 

Urochloa ramosa (L.) Nguyen dixie signalgrass I, A, W Hatch 9790 MS 

Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh heartleaf nettle N, A Phillips 448 TN 

Utricularia gibba L. conespur bladderwort N, A Hatch 8803 MS 

- 276 -


Uvularia grandiflora Sm. 1 

largeflower bellwort 

N, P 

Uvularia perfoliata L. perfoliate bellwort N, P Phillips 864 TN 

Uvularia sessilifolia L. sessileleaf bellwort N, P Phillips 977 MS 

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. farkleberry N, P Phillips 949 TN 

Vaccinium corymbosum L. highbush blueberry N, P Phillips 957 AL 

Vaccinium elliottii Chapman Elliot's blueberry N, P Phillips 781 MS 

Vaccinium fuscatum Ait. 2 black highbush blueberry N, P 

Vaccinium pallidum Ait. Blue Ridge blueberry N, P Phillips 907 TN 

Vaccinium stamineum L. deerberry N, P Phillips 820 TN 

Valeriana pauciflora Michx. 2 largeflower valerian N, P 

Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich2 narrowfruit cornsalad I, A 

Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat. 2 Lewiston cornsalad I, A 

Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. beaked cornsalad N, A, W Phillips 776 AL 

Valerianella umbilicata (Sullivant) Wood2 navel cornsalad N, A 

Vallisneria americana Michx. American eelgrass N, P Kruse 1355 AL 

Veratrum virginicum (L.) Ait. f. 1 Virginia bunchflower N, P 

Verbascum blattaria L. moth mullien I, B, W Phillips 1175 TN 

Verbascum thapsus L. common mullien I, B, W, IN Phillips 1147 TN 

Verbena bonariensis L. 1 purpletop vervain I, A/B/P 

Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Brazilian vervain I, A, W, IN Phillips 619 MS 

Verbena halei Small1 Texas vervain N, P 

Verbena rigida Spreng. tuberous vervain I, P Hatch 9116 MS 

Verbena simplex Lehm. narrowleaf vervain N, P Phillips 525 AL 

Verbena urticifolia L. var. urticifolia white vervain N, A Phillips 325 TN 

- 277 -


Verbena xutha Lehm. 1 

Gulf vervain 

N, A 

Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt. ex Kearney 1 wingstem N, P 

Verbesina helianthoides Michx. gravelweed N, P Hatch 9369 MS 

Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt. 2 yellow crownbeard N, P 

Verbesina virginica L. 1 white crownbeard N, B/P 

Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel. subsp. gigantea giant ironweed N, P Hatch 10043 MS 

Vernonia missurica Raf. 1 Missouri ironweed N, P 

Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. 2 New York ironweed N, P 

Veronica agrestis L. 2 green field speedwell I, A 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. 2 water speedwell N, B/P 

Veronica arvensis L. common speedwell I, A Phillips 772 AL 

Veronica hederifolia L. 2 ivyleaf speedwell I, A 

Veronica peregrina L. 1 neckweed N, A 

Veronica persica Poir. 2 birdeye speedwell I, A 

Veronica polita Fries gray field speedwell I, A Phillips 741 TN 

Veronica serpyllifolia L. 2 thymeleaf speedwell N/I, P, W, IN 

Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. 1 Culver's root N, P 

Viburnum acerifolium L. 2 mapleleaf viburnum N, P 

Viburnum dentatum L. 2 southern arrowwood N, P 

Viburnum nudum L. 1 possumhaw N, P 

Viburnum prunifolium L. blackhaw N, P Phillips 717 MS 

Viburnum rufidulum Raf. 1 rusty blackhaw N, P 

Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. American deervetch N, P Hatch 8728 MS 

Vicia caroliniana Walt. Carolina vetch N, P Phillips 904 TN 

- 278 -


Vicia cracca L. 1 

bird vetch 

I, P 

Vicia grandiflora Scop. large yellow vetch I, A Hatch 8797 MS 

Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray1 tiny vetch I, A 

Vicia minutiflora F.G. Dietr. pygmy flower vetch N, A Phillips 788 MS 

Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. 3 garden vetch I, A Phillips 925 TN 

Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa2 winter vetch I, A/B/P 

Vicia villosa Roth var. varia (Host) Corb. winter vetch I, A/B/P Phillips 997 AL 

Vinca major L. 2 bigleaf periwinkle I, P, W, IN 

Vinca minor L. 2 common periwinkle I, P, W, IN 

Viola affinis Le Conte sand violet N, P Phillips 763 AL 

Viola arvensis Murr. 2 European field pansy I, A, W 

Viola bicolor Pursh field pansy N, A Phillips 742 TN 

Viola blanda Willd. var. palustriformis Gray1 sweet white violet N, P 

Viola cucullata Ait. marsh blue violet N, P Phillips 773 AL 

Viola egglestonii Brainerd2 glade violet N, P 

Viola hastata Michx. 1 halberdleaf yellow violet N, P 

Viola labradorica Schrank American dog violet N, P Hatch 8746 MS 

Viola hirsutula Brainerd1 southern woodland violet N, P 

Viola missouriensis Greene2 Missouri violet N, A/P 

Viola pedata L. birdfoot violet N, P Phillips 913 TN 

Viola pubescens Ait. var. pubescens1 downy yellow violet N, P 

Viola rostrata Pursh2 longspur violet N, P 

Viola rotundifolia Michx. roundleaf yellow violet N, P Phillips 858 TN 

Viola sagittata Ait. var. sagittata2 arrowleaf violet N, P 

- 279 -


Viola sororia Willd. 

common blue violet 

N, A/P 

Hatch 9213 MS 

Viola striata Ait. striped cream violet N, P Phillips 833 TN 

Viola tricolor L. 1 johnny jumpup I, A, W 

Viola tripartita Ell. 2 threepart violet N, P 

Viola x palmata L. (pro sp.) 1 [brittoniana or pedatifida x affinis or s N, P 

Viola x primulifolia L. (pro sp.) 1 [lanceolata × macloskeyi] N, P 

Vitex agnus-castus L. 2 lilac chastetree I, P 

Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. aestivalis summer grape N, P Phillips 392 TN 

Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. bicolor Deam2 summer grape N, P 

Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux2 graybark grape N, P 

Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard var. cinerea graybark grape N, P Hatch 9418 MS 

Vitis labrusca L. 1 fox grape N, P 

Vitis mustangensis Buckl. mustang grape N, P Hatch 9201 MS 

Vitis riparia Michx. riverbank grape N, P Phillips 566 MS 

Vitis rotundifolia Michx. muscadine grape N, P Phillips 492 TN 

Vitis rupestris Scheele2 sand grape N, P 

Vitis vulpina L. 1 frost grape N, P 

Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray brome fescue I, A Hatch 9263 MS 

Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel. var. myuros rattail fescue I, A Hatch 9177 MS 

Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. var. glauca (Nutt.) Fern. 2 sixweeksgrass N, A 

Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. var. octoflora annual fescue N, A Hatch 9784 MS 

Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. 2 Appalachian barren strawberry N, P 

Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. 2 Japanese wisteria I, P, W, IN 

Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. American wisteria N, P Hatch 9465 MS 

- 280 -


Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. 

Chinese wisteria 

I, P, W, IN 


Wolffia brasiliensis Weddell 2 Brazilian watermeal N, P 

Wolffia columbiana Karst. 2 Columbian watermeal N, P 

Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. 1 bluntlobe cliff fern N, P 

Woodwardia areolata (L.) T. Moore netted chainfern N, P Kruse 1018 MS 

Woodwardia virginica (L.) Smith Virginia chainfern N, P Kruse 929 TN 

Xanthium spinosum L. 2 spiny cocklebur I, A, W 

Xanthium strumarium L.var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq. 2 rough cocklebur N, A 

Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh. 1 yellowroot N, P 

Xyris caroliniana Walt. 1 Carolina yelloweyed grass N, P 

Xyris tennesseensis Kral 2 Tennessee yelloweyed grass N, P, E (F, AL, TN) 

Xyris torta Sm. 2 slender yelloweyed grass N, P 

Youngia japonica (L.) DC. 2 Oriental false hawksbeard I, A 

Yucca aloifolia L. aloe yucca N, P Hatch 9373 MS 

Yucca filamentosa L. 2 Adam's needle N, P 

Yucca gloriosa L. moundlily yucca N, P Hatch 9238 MS 

Zannichellia palustris L. 2 horned pondweed N, P 

Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. 2 common pricklyash N, P 

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. toothache tree N, P Hatch 9197 MS 

Zea mays L. corn I, A, W Hatch 9784 MS 

Zizaniopsis milacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers. giant cutgrass N, P Phillips 704 MS 

Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. meadow zizia N, P Phillips 863 TN 

Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch 1 golden zizia N, P 

Zizia trifoliata (Michx.) Fern. 2 meadow alexanders N, P 

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- 282 -

the vascular flora of the natchez trace parkway - NPS Inventory and ...

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