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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

041.0000 Family Polypodiaceae J. & C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 159 (1822)
67 genera, ca. 1700 spp. Phylogeny: Wei & Zhang 2022
Species listed in database: 1718; hybrids: 47
= Platyceriaceae Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(3): 18 (1978)
= Drynariaceae Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 1-37 (1978)
= Grammitidaceae Newman; Hist. Brit. Ferns 7 (1840) (Grammitaceae auct., missp.)
= Gymnogrammitidaceae Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 12 (1966)
= Loxogrammaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm.; Webbia 29: 11 (1975)
= Platyceriaceae Ching; Sunyatsenia 5 (1940)
= Pleurosoriopsidaceae Sa.Kurata & Ikebe ex Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 17 (1978)
041.6002 Genus Microgramma C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 185, 213, pl. 7, figs. 13-14 (1836)
Distribution: Trop. America, 1 sp. Africa to Mascarenes and India
Species listed in database: 32; hybrids: 1
= Anapeltis J.Sm.; Cat. Cult. Ferns 5 (1857)
= Craspedaria Link; Fil. Spec. 117 (1841)
= Epidryopteris Rojas Acosta; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 28: 156 (1918)
= Goniophlebium sect.Lopholepis J.Sm.; J. Bot. (Hook.) 4: 56 (1841)
= Lopholepis (J.Sm.) J.Sm.; Lond. J. Bot. 1: 195 (1842) (non Decne. 1839)
= Mecosorus Klotzsch; Linnaea 20: 404 (1847)
= Microgramma subgen.Solanopteris (Copel.) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 67(2): 59 (1977)
= Solanopteris Copel.; Amer. Fern J. 41: 75 (1951)
species :
Microgramma baldwinii Brade; Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 18: 30, t. 1 (1965)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Magdalena, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Pando); Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Rondônia, Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
species :
Microgramma bifrons (Hook.) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 67(2): 59 (1977)
Distribution: Colombia (Putumayo); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); Brazil (Acre)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Polypodium bifrons Hook.; Fil. Exot. t. 52 (1858)
= Solanopteris bifrons (Hook.) Copel.; Amer. Fern J. 41: 75. 128 (1951)
species :
Microgramma bismarckii (Rauh) B.León; Novon 12(4): 482 (2002)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Solanopteris bismarckii Rauh; Abh. Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz, Math.-Naturwiss. Klasse Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 5: 232 (1973)
species :
Microgramma brunei (Wercklé ex Christ) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 67(2): 59 (1977)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Casanare, Chocó, Nariño); Ecuador
80 COS PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Polypodium brunei Wercklé ex Christ; Bull. Soc. bot. Genève, sér. 2, 1: 221 (1909)
= Solanopteris brunei (Wercklé ex Christ) W.H.Wagner; Amer. Fern J. 62: 35 (1972)
species :
Microgramma cordata (Desv.) Crabbe; Brit. Fern Gaz. 9: 316 (1967)
Distribution: Bolivia
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Craspedaria cardiophylla E.Fourn.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 19: 252 (1872)
= Polypodium cordatum Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(3): 226 (1827)
species :
Microgramma crispata (Fée) R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon; Rhodora 84(837): 129 (1982)
Distribution: Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe, São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Craspedaria crispata Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 1: 119, t. 36, f. 2 (1869) (non Polypodium crispatum L. (1753))
= Microgramma galatheae (C.Chr.) Crabbe; Brit. Fern Gaz. 9: 316 (1967)
= Polypodium galatheae C.Chr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 25. 79 (1902)
species :
Microgramma dictyophylla (Kunze ex Mett.) de la Sota; Novon 17(1): 27 (2007)
Distribution: Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Meta, Putumayo); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Nueva Esparta, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando); Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia)
81 TRT VEN 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Craspedaria fuscopunctata (Hook.) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 31(1): 249 (1977)
= Microgramma fuscopunctata (Hook.) Vareschi; Fl. Venezuela 1: 893 (1968)
= Phymatodes nematorhizon (D.C.Eaton) Underw. ex Maxon; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 493 (1908)
= Pleopeltis fuscopunctata (Hook.) R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon; Rhodora 84(837): 129 (1982)
= Polypodium dictyophyllum Kunze ex Mett.; Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 96, n. 173 (1857)
= Polypodium fuscopunctatum Hook.; Sp. Fil. 5: 69, t. 285A (1863)
= Polypodium nematorhizon D.C.Eaton; Bot. Gaz. 3: 89 (1878)
species :
Microgramma fosteri B.León & H.Beltrán; Novon 12(4): 481 (2002)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Microgramma geminata (Schrad.) R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon; Rhodora 84(837): 129 (1982)
Distribution: Guyana; Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)
82 GUY 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anapeltis geminata (Schrad.) J.Sm.; Ferns Brit. For. 86 (1866)
= Drynaria iteophylla (Link) J.Sm.; Bot. Mag. 72, Comp. 14 (1846)
= Phymatodes geminata (Schrad.) J.Sm.; Cat. Cult. Ferns 9 (1857)
= Pleopeltis geminata (Schrad.) T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 346 (1862)
= Pleopeltis iteophylla (Link) Link; Fil. Spec. 120 (1841)
= Polypodium geminatum Schrad.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 867 (1824)
= Polypodium iteophyllum Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 88 (1833)
= Polypodium lycopodioides monstr. geminatum (Schrad.) Kümmerle; Magyar Bot. Lapok 32: 62 (1933)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. geminatum (Schrad.) Baker; Mart., Fl. Bras. 1(2): 533 (1870)
species :
Microgramma heterophylla (L.) Wherry; Amer. Fern J. 54: 145 (1964)
Name: Clinging snakefern
Distribution: USA (Florida); Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl. (Grand Cayman); Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Saba; St. Eustatius; Antigua; Montserrat
78 USA 81 ABA BAH CAY CUB HIS JAM MTS PUE SAB SBA STE STM VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anapeltis serpens (Sw.) J.Sm.; Cat. Cult. Ferns 5 (1857)
= Craspedaria heterophylla (L.) Diddell; Amer. Fern J. 43: 114 (1953)
= Craspedaria plumierii Fée; Mém. Foug. 11 (Hist. Foug. Antil.): 71 (1866)
= Craspedaria serpens (Sw.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 264 (1852)
= Craspedaria swartzii (Baker) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 31(1): 249 (1977)
= Drynaria serpens (Sw.) Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 2: 66 (1873)
= Goniophlebium serpens (Sw.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 255 (1852)
= Marginaria serpens (Sw.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 188 (1836)
= Microsorum heterophyllum (L.) A.D.Hawkes; Amer. Fern J. 41: 52 (1951)
= Phlebodium serpens (Sw.) J.Sm.; J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 59 (1841)
= Phymatodes exigua (Heward) Underw.; Torreya 3: 18 (1903)
= Phymatodes heterophylla (L.) Small; Ferns Florida 81 cum tab. (1932)
= Phymatodes swartzii (Baker) Underw.; Our nat. Ferns ed. VI: 84 (1900)
= Pleopeltis serpens Kunze ex C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836)
= Polypodium exiguum Heward; Mag. Nat. Hist. II, 2: 458 (1838)
= Polypodium heterophyllum L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1083 (1753)
= Polypodium quercicans Fée; Mém. Foug. 11 (Hist. Foug. Antil.): 50 (1866)
= Polypodium runcinatum Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6, 2: 230 (1827)
= Polypodium serpens Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 131 (1788) (non G. Forst. (1786))
= Polypodium swartzii Baker; Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 357 (1868)
species :
Microgramma latevagans (Maxon & C.Chr.) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 74(2): 59 (1984)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz)
83 BOL PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Acrostichum ovatum var. boliviense Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3[3]: 376 (1898)
= Polypodium latevagans Maxon & C.Chr. ex Maxon; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 62: 120 (1939)
species :
Microgramma lindbergii (Mett.) de la Sota; Op. Lilloana 5: 56, f. 2, 5 (1961)
Distribution: Colombia (La Guajira); Ecuador; Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Canindeyu, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Misiones)
82 CLM 83 ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Drynaria lindbergii Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 2: 67 (1873)
= Polypodium lindbergii Mett.; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 136 (1869)
species :
Microgramma lycopodioides (L.) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5: 185 (1947)
Name: Clubmoss snakefern
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John, Tortola); St. Martin/St. Maarten; Saba; St. Eustatius; Nevis; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BBD CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB STE STK STL STM STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anapeltis lycopodioides (L.) J.Sm.; Cat. Cult. Ferns 6 (1857)
= Anapeltis nitida J.Sm.; Cat. Cult. Ferns 6 (1857)
= Anapeltis stigmatica (C.Presl) J.Sm.; Ferns Brit. For. 86 (1866)
= Anapeltis venosa (Desv.) J.Sm.; Cat. Cult. Ferns 6 (1857)
= Craspedaria lycopodioides (L.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 264 (1852)
= Craspedaria surinamensis (Jacq.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 264 (1852)
= Drynaria lycopodioides (L.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 270 (1852)
= Goniophlebium ligustrifolium T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 392 (1862)
= Marginaria diversifolia C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 188 (1836)
= Marginaria haenkeana (Spreng.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid.: 187 (1836)
= Microgramma lycopodioides f. subdimorpha (Christ) L.D.Gómez; Brenesia 12-13: 61 (1977)
= Microsorum surinamense (Jacq.) Alston; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 315 (1932)
= Niphobolus lycopodioides (L.) Keyserl.; Polyp. Herb. Bunge 38 (1873)
= Phlebodium lycopodioides (L.) J.Sm.; Bot. Mag. 72: Comp. 12 (1846)
= Phlebodium salicifolium (Willd.) J.Sm.; J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 59 (1841)
= Phlebodium venosum (Desv.) T.Moore & Houlston; Gard. Mag. Bot. 8 (1851)
= Phymatodes lycopodioides (L.) Millsp.; Field Colenso Mus. Bot. Ser. 3: 12 (1903)
= Phymatodes prominula Maxon; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 501 (1908)
= Pleopeltis leprieurii T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 262 (1861)
= Pleopeltis lycopodioides (L.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836)
= Pleopeltis lycopodioides var. salicifolia (Willd.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 297 (1931)
= Pleopeltis salicifolia (Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836)
= Pleopeltis stigmatica (C.Presl) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836)
= Pleopeltis surinamensis (Jacq.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836)
= Polypodium funiculosum Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6, 2: 226 (1827)
= Polypodium haenkeanum Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 4(1): 46 (1827)
= Polypodium lycopodioides (L.) Desv.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 313 (1811) (lagopodioides)
= Polypodium lycopodioides f. obtusum Domin; Rozpr. Kral. Ceske Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prir. n. s. 2: 137 (1929)
= Polypodium lycopodioides L.; Sp. Pl.: 1082 (1753)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. longipes Hassl.; Trab. Inst. Bot. Farmacol. no. 45: 78 (1928)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. salicifolium (Willd.) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W. J. Hooker] 5: 34 (1864)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. stipitatum Bosco; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. new ser. 45, no. 2: 151 (1938)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. subdimorphum Christ; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 35, pt. 1: 233 (1896)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. surinamense (Jacq.) Baker; Mart., Fl. Bras. 1(2): 533 (1870)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. venulosum (Desv.) Baker; Mart., Fl. Bras. 1(2): 534 (1870)
= Polypodium pellitum Willd. ex Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. 89 (1824)
= Polypodium prominulum (Maxon) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. (1906-1912): 61 (1913)
= Polypodium salicifolium Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 5: 149 (1810) (non Vahl (1807))
= Polypodium salicinum Wikstr.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1825: 443 (1825)
= Polypodium stigmaticum C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 20, t. 3, f. 2 (1825)
= Polypodium surinamense Jacq.; Coll. 8: 285, t. 21, f. 4 (1789)
= Polypodium venosum Desv.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 314 (1811) (non Lour. (1790))
= Polypodium venulosum Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6, 2: 226 (1827), nom. nov.
species :
Microgramma mauritiana (Willd.) Tardieu; Humbert, Fl. Madag. Fam. 5, 2: 108, t. 24(6-8) (1960)
Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zanzibar; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte); Mauritius; La Réunion; +S-India
22 GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI SAO ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ 29 COM MAU MDG REU 40 IND
Remarks: frequently included in the neotropical M. lycopodioides
Synonyms: hidden
= Anapeltis lycopodioides var. owariensis (Desv.) Benl; Acta Bot. Barcinon. 33: 18 (1982)
= Anapeltis owariensis (Desv.) J.Sm.; Ferns Brit. For. 86 (1866)
= Craspedaria borbonica Fée; Mém. Foug. 10 (Icon. Esp. Nouv.): 34, t. 39, f. 2 (1865)
= Goniophlebium myrtillifolium (Kaulf.) T.Moore; Index Fil. lxxiv (1857)
= Goniophlebium owariense (Desv.) Lodd.; Nursery Cat. (Loddiges & Sons) 1849: ? (1849)
= Microgramma owariensis (Desv.) Alston; Bol. Soc. Broter., ser. 2, 30: 20 (1956)
= Microgramma owariensis f. nana G.Kunkel; Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 72: 37 (1962)
= Polypodium anguinum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40: 29 (1929)
= Polypodium lagopodioides Desv.; Magazin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesammten Naturkunde, Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 5: 313 (1811)
= Polypodium ligustrifolium Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6, 2: 225 (1827)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. mackenii (Baker) Sim; Ferns S. Afr.: 203 (1892)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. myrtillifolium (Kaulf.) C.Chr.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 157 (1932)
= Polypodium mackenii Baker; Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 357 (1868)
= Polypodium mauritianum Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 5: 150 (1810)
= Polypodium myrtillifolium Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. 89 (1824)
= Polypodium owariense Desv.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 314 (1811)
species :
Microgramma megalophylla (Desv.) de la Sota; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 10: 158, f. 1-2, tab. (1963)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Cauca, Guainía, Guaviare, Putumayo, Vaupés, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas); Guyana; Surinam?; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima)
82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anapeltis megalophylla (Desv.) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 31(1): 249 (1977)
= Drynaria schomburgkiana Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 270 (1852)
= Mecosorus schomburgkii (Kunze) Klotzsch; Linnaea 20: 406 (1847)
= Phymatodes schomburgkiana (Kunze) J.Sm.; Lond. J. Bot. 1: 196 (1842)
= Pleopeltis schomburgkiana (Kunze) T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 348 (1862)
= Polypodium megalophyllum Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6, 2: 227 (1827)
= Polypodium schomburgkianum Kunze; Farrnkr. 1: 88, t. 42 (1842)
= Polypodium schomburgkii (Kunze) Hook.; Sp. Fil. 5: 68 (1863)
species :
Microgramma microsoroides Salino, T.E.Almeida & A.R.Sm.; Syst. Bot. 33(4): 631 (2008)
Distribution: Brazil (Espírito Santo)
84 BRA
species :
Microgramma mortoniana de la Sota; Amer. Fern J. 63: 64 (1973), pro hybr.
Distribution: Bolivia (Beni, La Paz); Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Paraguari); Uruguay (Colonia); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Misiones, Salta)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Remarks: probably a synonym of M. squamulosa fide Smith et al. 2018
species :
Microgramma nicklesii (Tardieu) comb.ined.
Distribution: Guinea
22 GUI
Remarks: genus fide Hoess (in litt.) based on the type
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Pleopeltis nicklesii (Tardieu) Alston; Bol. Soc. Broter., ser. 2, 30: 22 (1956)
= Polypodium nicklesii Tardieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 90: 97, t. 1(3-5) (1943)
species :
Microgramma nitida (J.Sm.) A.R.Sm.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 40: 230 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Jamaica; Barbados; Trinidad; Colombia (San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 BBD JAM TRT 82 CLM SWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Anapeltis palmeri (Maxon) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 31(1): 249 (1977)
= Phlebodium nitidum J.Sm.; Bot. Mag. 72(Companion): 13 (1846)
= Phymatodes palmeri (Maxon) Conz.; Fl. Taxon. Mexic. 1: 109 (1939)
= Polypodium palmeri Maxon; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 600 (1916)
species :
Microgramma percussa (Cav.) de la Sota; Physis Seccion C 28 (1986)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Drynaria percussa (Cav.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 270 (1852)
= Lepicystis percussa (Cav.) Diels; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 323 (1899)
= Niphobolus percussus (Cav.) Keyserl.; Polyp. Herb. Bunge 38 (1873)
= Phlebodium percussum (Cav.) J.Sm.; J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 59 (1841)
= Pleopeltis cuspidata (C.Presl) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836)
= Pleopeltis percussa (Cav.) Hook. & Grev.; Icon. Filic. t. 67 (1828)
= Polypodium avenium Desv.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 314 (1811)
= Polypodium cuspidatum C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 20 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Polypodium microlepidum Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(3): 228 (1827)
= Polypodium percussum Cav.; Descr. Pl. 243 (1801)
= Polypodium percussum var. squamosum Christ; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 35, pt. 1: 232 (1896)
= Polypodium preslii Opiz; Flora 17: 591 (1834)
= Polypodium rostratum Cav.; Descr. Pl. (Cavanilles) 244 (1801) non Burm.f.
species :
Microgramma persicariifolia (Schrad.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 214 (1846)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Casanare, Chocó, Meta, Santander, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Miranda, Monagas, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Canindeyu, Concepcion, San Pedro)
80 COS PAN 81 TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Drynaria persicariifolia (Schrad.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 270 (1852)
= Gymnogramma heterophlebia Gilbert; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 449 (1896)
= Mecosorus persicariifolius (Schrad.) Klotzsch; Linnaea 20: 406 (1847)
= Microsorum persicariifolium (Schrad.) Alston; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 315 (1932)
= Pleopeltis persicariifolia (Schrad.) T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 78 (1857)
= Polypodium lycopodioides Schkuhr; Deutschl. Krypt. Gew. 1: 187, t. 8 (1809)
= Polypodium persicariifolium Schrad.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 1824: 867 (1824)
species :
Microgramma piloselloides (L.) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5: 185 (1947)
Name: Snake polypody, Hairy snakefern
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Tortola); St. Martin/St. Maarten; Saba; Nevis; St. Kitts; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru
79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC 81 CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB STK STL STM STV VIR 82 FRG GUY 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Craspedaria piloselloides (L.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 264 (1852)
= Craspedaria veronicifolia Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 264 (1852)
= Goniophlebium piloselloides (L.) J.Sm.; Hook. & Baker, Gen. Fil., ad t. 51 (1840)
= Lepicystis piloselloides (L.) Diels; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 323 (1899)
= Lopholepis piloselloides (L.) J.Sm.; Bot. Voy. Herald 229 (1854)
= Marginaria piloselloides (L.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 187 (1836)
= Niphobolus antillarum Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 4(1): 44 (1827)
= Niphobolus piloselloides (L.) Keyserl.; Polyp. Herb. Bunge 38 (1873)
= Polypodium hirtisorum Desv.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 313 (1811)
= Polypodium obtusum Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 5: 510 (1804), nom. illeg.
= Polypodium piloselloides L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1083 (1753)
species :
Microgramma recreensis (Hieron.) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 74(2): 59 (1984)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Polypodium recreense Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 537 (1904)
species :
Microgramma reptans (Cav.) A.R.Sm.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 40: 230 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Tabasco, Chiapas); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Guainía, Guaviare, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Lara, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Pará, Roraima)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Acrostichum reptans Cav.; Anal. Hist. Nat. 1: 104 (1799)
= Craspedaria ciliata (Willd.) Link; Fil. Spec. 117 (1841)
= Craspedaria lanceolata Fée; Mém. Foug. 7 (Icon. Esp. Nouv.): 65 (1857)
= Elaphoglossum reptans (Cav.) T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 365 (1862)
= Goniophlebium ciliatum (Willd.) J.Sm.; Hook. & Baker, Gen. Fil., ad t. 51 (1840)
= Marginaria ciliata (Willd.) Alston; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 315 (1932)
= Marginaria piloselloides var. cayennensis (Mett.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 298 (1931)
= Microgramma ciliata (Willd.) Alston; Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles 27: 56 (1957)
= Polypodium cajanense Desv.; Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 314 (1811)
= Polypodium cayennense Mett.; Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 93 (1856), orth. var.
= Polypodium ciliatum Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 5: 144 (1810)
= Polypodium moniliforme var. ciliatum (Willd.) Kuhn; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(1): 125 (1897)
= Polypodium piloselloides var. cajanense (Desv.) Baker; Mart., Fl. Bras. 1(2): 520 (1870)
= Polypodium piloselloides var. ciliatum (Willd.) Baker; Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 340 (1867)
= Polypodium piloselloides var. moniliforme Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W. J. Hooker] 5: 34 (1864)
species :
Microgramma rosmarinifolia (Kunth) R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon; Rhodora 84(837): 129 (1982)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba)
83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Polypodium kunthii Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6, 2: 226 (1827)
= Polypodium rosmarinifolium Kunth; Syn. pl. aequin. 1: 71 (1822)
species :
Microgramma squamulosa (Kaulf.) de la Sota; Op. Lilloana 5: 59, f. 2, 3, 6, 7 (1961)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caazapa, Canindeyu); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Tacuarembo, Trenta y Tres); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Corrientes, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Tucuman)
83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anapeltis squamulosa (Kaulf.) J.Sm.; Cat. Cult. Ferns 6 (1857)
= Craspedaria grandis Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 1: 119, t. 37, f. 2 (1869)
= Craspedaria squamulosa (Kaulf.) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 31(1): 249 (1977)
= Marginaria squamulosa (Kaulf.) Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 131 (1940)
= Phlebodium squamulosum (Kaulf.) J.Sm.; Bot. Mag. 72: Comp. 13 (1846)
= Pleopeltis squamulosa (Kaulf.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. grande (Fée) Christ; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79: 42 (1908)
= Polypodium lycopodioides var. squamulosum (Kaulf.) Baker; Mart., Fl. Bras. 1(2): 534 (1870)
= Polypodium squamulosum f. subnudum Rosenst.; Hedwigia 46: 146 (1907)
= Polypodium squamulosum Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. 89 (1824)
species :
Microgramma tecta (Kaulf.) Alston; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 48: 232 (1958)
Distribution: Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, La Guajira, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Miranda, Portuguesa, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo)
81 TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Craspedaria auriseta (Raddi) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.): 264 (1852)
= Craspedaria camptocarpa Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 2: 65, t. 98, f. 1 (1873)
= Craspedaria ciliata var. hostmannii Fée; Mém. Foug. 5. (Gen. Filic.) 264 (1852)
= Craspedaria gestasiana Fée; Mém. Foug. 6 (Icon. Esp. Nouv.): 15 t 4, f. 2 (1853)
= Craspedaria tecta (Kaulf.) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 31(1): 249 (1977)
= Goniophlebium aurisetum (Raddi) Brack.; U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. 16: 31 (1854)
= Goniophlebium ciliatum var. hostmannii (Fée) T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 387 (1862)
= Goniophlebium tectum (Kaulf.) J.Sm.; Hook. & Baker, Gen. Fil., ad t. 51 (1840)
= Lastrea ciliata (Willd.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 5(6) (Epim. Bot.): 41 (1851)
= Lopholepis ciliata (Willd.) J.Sm.; Lond. J. Bot. 1: 195 (1842)
= Lopholepis tecta (Kaulf.) Paxton; Pocket Bot. Dict. ed. 2. Suppl.: 43 (1849)
= Marginaria auriseta (Raddi) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 187 (1836)
= Marginaria piloselloides var. tecta (Kaulf.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 298 (1931)
= Marginaria tecta (Kaulf.) Alston; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 316 (1932)
= Polypodium aurisetum Raddi; Pl. Bras. Nov. Gen. 1: 12, t. 23, f. 1 (1825)
= Polypodium camptocarpum (Fée) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 186 (1905), 515 (1906)
= Polypodium gestasianum (Fée) Mett.; Salomon, Nom. 299 (1883)
= Polypodium piloselloides var. aurisetum (Raddi) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W. J. Hooker] 5: 34 (1864)
= Polypodium piloselloides var. tectum (Kaulf.) Baker; Mart., Fl. Bras. 1(2): 521 (1870)
= Polypodium tectum Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. 87 (1824)
variant :
var. nana (Liebm.) Mickel & Beitel; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 46: 251 (1988)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Colombia; Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Miranda, Portuguesa, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima)
79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Acrostichum nanum Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afh., ser. 5, 1: 171 (1849)
= Microgramma blandula (Christ) L.D.Gómez
= Microgramma nana (Liebm.) T.E.Almeida; Phytotaxa 354(1): 41 (2018)
= Polypodium blandulum Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 259 (1907)
species :
Microgramma thurnii (Baker) R.M.Tryon & Stolze; Fieldiana, Bot. 32: 156 (1993)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Surinam; French Guiana; E-Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia)
82 CLM FRG SUR VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Drynaria acuminata Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 1: 122, t. 37, f. 3. (non Brack. (1854))
= Microgramma acuminata (Fée) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 74(2): 59 (1984)
= Microgramma loretensis (Maxon) Sm.
= Microsorum thurnii (Baker) Alston; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 315 (1932)
= Polypodium loretense Maxon; Amer. Fern J. 23: 105 (1933 publ. 1934)
= Polypodium thurnii Baker; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 5: 476 (1891)
species :
Microgramma tobagensis (C.Chr.) C.D.Adams & Baksh.-Com.; Fern Gaz. (U. K.) 16(1-2): 109 (2000)
Distribution: Honduras; Costa Rica; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Caquetá, Cauca, Nariño, Putumayo, Valle); Venezuela; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia)
80 COS HON 81 GRE TRT 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Microgramma acatallela Alston; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 48: 232 (1958)
= Polypodium tobagense C.Chr.; Amer. Fern J. 7: 35 (1917)
species :
Microgramma tuberosa (Maxon) Lellinger; Amer. Fern J. 74(2): 59 (1984)
Name: Potato fern
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Polypodium tuberosum Maxon; Amer. Fern J. 33: 135 (1943)
= Solanopteris tuberosa (Maxon) Rauh; Abh. Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz, Math.-Naturwiss. Klasse Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 5: 229 (1973)
species :
Microgramma ulei (Hieron.) Stolze; Fieldiana, Bot. 32: 156 (1993)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Polypodium ulei Hieron.; H. Karst. & Schenck, Vegetationsbilder II, Heft 1, t. 3 (1904)
species :
Microgramma vaccinifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.] 185 (1947)
Distribution: Jamaica; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (La Guajira, Magdalena); Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Trujillo, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sergipe, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Concepcion, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Maldonado, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
81 GRE JAM TRT 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anapeltis vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) J.Sm.; Cat. Cult. Ferns 5 (1857)
= Craspedaria cordifolia Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 1: 118, t. 36, f. 1 (1869)
= Craspedaria vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) Link; Fil. Spec. 117 (1841)
= Goniophlebium cardiophyllum (C.Presl) T.Moore; Index Filic. (T. Moore) 387 (1862)
= Goniophlebium vacciniifolium (Langsd. & Fisch.) J.Sm.; Hook. & Baker, Gen. Fil., ad t. 51 (1840)
= Lepicystis vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) Diels; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 323 (1899)
= Lopholepis vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) J.Sm.; Ferns Brit. For. 85 (1866)
= Marginaria cardiophylla C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 188 (1836)
= Marginaria vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 188 (1836)
= Marginaria vacciniifolia monstr. furcata Kümmerle; Magyar Bot. Lapok 32: 62 (1933)
= Niphobolus vaccinifolius (Langsd. & Fisch.) Keyserl.; Polyp. Herb. Bunge 38 (1873)
= Polypodium cardiophyllum (C.Presl) Ettingsh.; Farnkr. Jetztw. 41, t. 23 (1864)
= Polypodium haenkeanum C.Presl ex Ettingsh.; Farnkr. Jetztw. 42 (1865 publ. 1864)
= Polypodium restingae Christ; Schwacke, Pl. Nov. Mineiras 2: 21 (1900)
= Polypodium vacciniifolium f. incisofimbriatum Rosenst.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 348 (1925)
= Polypodium vacciniifolium Langsd. & Fisch.; Icon. Filic. 8, t. 7 (1810)
= Polypodium vacciniifolium var. cordifolium (Fée) Bonap.; Notes Pteridol. 2: 152 (1915)
species :
Microgramma ×moraviana L.D.Gómez; Brenesia 6: 50 (1975)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
Remarks: Microgramma lycopodioides x Polypodium plesiosorum
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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