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Scrophulariaceae
- 2. • Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, are a family of flowering plants. • The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L. • Including about 275 genera and over 5,000 species • HABIT: The plants are annual or perennial herbs or under-shrubs.
- 3. HABITAT: Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains. • STEM:
- 4. • LEAVES: Leaves are simple, alternate, opposite or whorled exstipulate and some times exhibit heterophylly. • INFLORESCENCE: Racemose (Raceme or spike) and sometimes cymose. It can be axillary or terminal. Flowers are solitary in some species.
- 5. • FLOWER: Zygomorphic, two-lipped and some times personate( two lips in the form of a face ). Bisexual and Hypogynous. Bracts and bracteoles are generally present. • COROLLA: 5 petals, gamopetalous, often two lipped and sometimes spurred or saccate (A bony outgrowth or sac like). Zygomorphic and rarely regular.
- 6. • CALYX: 5 sepals, gamosepalous five lobbed and often imbricate (to overlap in a regular pattern) • ANDROCEIUM: 4 stamens, didynamous, sometimes 2, arching over in pairs. • GYNAECIUM: Bicarpillary, syncarpous, ovary superior, bilocular. Placentation is axile.
- 7. • FRUIT: Mostly capsule and sometimes berry.
- 8. DIGITALIS
- 9. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Digitalis lanata, Digitalis purpurea • Common Name: Grecian foxglove, Purple foxglove, Digitalis • Digitalis is from Latin word-----Digitus--- Finger (Finger shaped corolla) • Purpurea is a latin word-------purple colour
- 10. • Part used: Dried leaves • Habit: Biennial herb • Habitat: D. lanata is found in Europe, England and India. D. purpurea is found in England, Germany , France, India, Mexico, Nepal.
- 11. Constituents: D. purpurea It also contains primary and secondary glycosides. Primary glycosides are Purpurea glycoside A (3 digitoxose,1glucose) Purpurea glycoside B (3digitoxose, 1 glucose) Glucogitaloxin.(3 digitoxose, 1 glucose) Purpurea A and B are present in fresh leaves
- 12. • Digitoxigenin-------Purpurea glycoside A • Gitoxigenin-------- Purpurea glycoside B • Gitaloxigenin------Gluco-gitaloxin D. lanata • Digitoxigenin-------Lanatoside A • Gitoxigenin----------Lanatoside B • Gitaloxigenin--------Lanatoside E • Digoxigenin------- Lanatoside C • Diginatigenin-------Lanatoside D
- 14. • and on hydrolysis by the enzyme digipuridase yield digitoxin and glucose or gitoxin and glucose. D. lanata It also contains cardiac glycosides like lanatoside A, B, C and E. Lanatoside A and B are acetyl derivatives purpurea A and B. On hydrolysis Lanatoside C yields digoxin.
- 15. Constituents:
- 16. MEDICINAL USES D.Purpurea Used in chronic heart failure Also used in the treatment of internal hemorrhages, in inflammatory diseases , in epilepsy and other diseases. D lanata has cardiac effect 3to 4 times greater than purpurea. Commercial source of digoxin Used in the treatment of CHF
- 17. VERBASCUM
- 18. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Verbascum thapus • Common Name: Mullein leaves • Part used: Dried leaves • Habit: Biennial herb • Habitat: Found in Europe, Africa and Asia
- 19. Constituents • Polysaccharides • Iridoid glycosides • Flavonoids • Saponins • Volatile oil
- 20. • MEDICINAL USES • Demulcent, Emollient- the polysaccharide mucilage and gums soothe irritated tissues • Expectorant- saponins stimulate fluid production • Anti-inflammatory- iridoid glycosides and flavonoids decrease inflammation • Mild Diuretic • Anti-viral