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Leaf blade anatomy of Panicum acuminatum specimens from North America. A-D. Transverse leaf blade sections.-A. Median part of blade with midrib (arrowed) structurally barely distinct from lateral first-order bundles; note cushion-based macrohair; adaxial ribs and furrows not present.-B. Semiradiate chlorenchyma tissue with a tendency to adaxial palisade and abaxial spongy mesophyll tissue; note adaxial and abaxial uniseriate bundle sheath extensions associated with the third-order bundle, the extensions linked to small sclerenchyma strands.-C. Specimen with diffuse chlorenchyma tissue with very large intercellular air spaces and very thin cuticle.-D. Specimen with compact mesophyll tissue; no adaxial ribs or furrows developed. E, F. Abaxial epidermis.-E. Detail of small macrohair with associated cushion base cells (arrowed), elongated fingerlike microhairs (at least twice the length of the stomata), intercostal long cells and numerous stomata in files adjacent to the narrow costal zones.-F. Epidermis of specimen with thin cuticle and diffuse mesophyll; note macrohairs, sinuous walls of long cells, microhairs, stomata, and narrow costal zones, only three cells wide (A, B, E, based on Davidse & Ellis 30825; C, F, based on Davidse & Ellis 30807; D, based on Zuloaga 2492; A x 100; D, F x250; B, C, E x400).
Source publication
A revision of Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) for Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America is presented, considering exomorphological, anatomical data and caryological characters. Thirty-seven species and seven varieties of section Dichanthelium of Panicum are recognized from this area. Panicu...
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Citations
... Dichanthelium foi descrito como um subgênero de Panicum L. por Hitchcook & Chase (1910), sendo elevado ao nível genérico por Gould (1974). Entretanto, muitos autores continuaram a considerá-lo dentro da circunscrição de Panicum por muitos anos, principalmente devido a similaridades tanto em caracteres vegetativos quanto reprodutivos, tais como: panículas abertas a laxas, espiguetas dorsiventralmente comprimidas e antécio superior endurecido (Lelong 1984;Clayton & Renvoize 1986;Zuloaga 1987;Zuloaga & Morrone 1991a;Zuloaga et al. 1993). No entanto, Dichanthelium difere de Panicum pela presença de um curto apículo no antécio superior, dimorfismo foliar e fotossíntese do tipo C 3 (vs. ...
... Dichanthelium adenorhachis é endêmica da Bahia, conhecida até o momento apenas do Pico das Almas, na Chapada Diamantina, ocorrendo entre 1.000 e 1.850 m de altitude (Zuloaga & Morrone 1991a;Zuloaga et al. 1993). F6: campos rupestres, em solos pedregosos e úmidos. ...
... Zuloaga e D. strigosum (Muhl. ex Elliot) Freckman (Zuloaga et al. 1993). (Swallen) Planta provavelmente anual. ...
Aqui, apresentamos a flora do gênero Dichanthelium (Panicoideae, Poaceae) para o estado da Bahia, Brasil. São reconhecidas 13 espécies, das quais oito são endêmicas. O presente trabalho inclui chave de identificação para as espécies, descrições, ilustrações, mapas de distribuição e comentários sobre os táxons.
... : ; Zuloaga et al. (1993) Davidse 11894, MO (Zuloaga et al., 1993;; J.L. Linares et al. 8896 (MHES). Bibliographic ref.: ; Zuloaga et al. (1993) sub Panicum acuminatum Sw.; ; . ...
... : ; Zuloaga et al. (1993) Davidse 11894, MO (Zuloaga et al., 1993;; J.L. Linares et al. 8896 (MHES). Bibliographic ref.: ; Zuloaga et al. (1993) sub Panicum acuminatum Sw.; ; . Bibliographic ref. ...
... : ; ; Catasús Guerra (2011) ; Zuloaga et al. (1993) sub Panicum laxiflorum Lam.; ; ; Catasús Guerra (2011) (Zuloaga et al., 1993); G. Davidse et R.W. Pohl 2049 (MO) and in ; P. Galán et al. 1574 (LAGU, MHES); G. Cerén et al. 2665 (MHES, LAGU). Bibliographic ref. sub Panicum sphaerocarpon Elliott; Standley (1937) sub Panicum sphaerocarpon Elliott; sub Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell.; sub Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell.; ; ; Zuloaga et al. (1993), ; O. Rohweder 2053, 2264; J.L. Linares et al. 1434 (LAGU). ...
... Dichanthelium was first described as a subgenus of Panicum Linnaeus (1753: 55) by Hitchcock & Chase (1910), and subsequently elevated to the genus level by Gould (1974), based on its photosynthetic type (C 3 pathway). Some authors later argued that there was not sufficient evidence to recognize Dichanthelium as an independent genus (e.g., Clayton & Renvoize 1986, Zuloaga 1987, especially based on differences among species from North America and other parts of the New World (Morrone & Zuloaga 1991a, Zuloaga et al. 1993. Molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed that Dichanthelium is distinct from Panicum s.s. ...
... These kinds of data also have been important in distinguishing species of Panicoideae from the Chapada Diamantina, for example in Paspalum Linneaus (1759: 846) (Pimenta et al. 2013) and Streptostachys Desvaux (1810: 190) (Oliveira & Longhi-Wagner 2007, Oliveira et al. 2017. However, leaf anatomy data in Dichanthelium are scarce (Morrone & Zuloaga 1991a, Zuloaga et al. 1993, Sanchéz-Ken 2017. ...
... The micromorphology of the upper anthecium is also widely known to be useful in the taxonomy of Poaceae, helping to understand species delimitation, as in Urochloa Beauvois (1812: 52) (Salariato et al. 2008), Mesosetum Steudel (1855: 118) (Silva et al. 2015), and Ichnanthus Beauvois (1812: 56) (Silva et al. 2016), for example. In Dichanthelium, the ornamentation of the upper anthecium has been used to characterize and distinguish species (Zuloaga et al. 1993), and has been useful when describing new species (Salariato et al. 2011). ...
Dichanthelium is a genus belonging to the family Poaceae, included in the subfamily Panicoideae. It is widely distributed on the American continent, from Canada to Argentina. In Brazil, several species are endemic, mainly to the Chapada Diamantina, the Bahian portion of the Espinhaço range. One of them, D. cumbucana, has a problematic circumscription. During the preparation of a taxonomic account of Dichanthelium for Bahia, we found some specimens from Morro do Chapéu, a municipality of the northern portion of Chapada Diamantina, to be similar to D. cumbucana, but with distinguishing features. After morphological, anatomical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, we found significant differences in the vegetative and reproductive characters of these specimens. Based on these data, we consider these specimens to be part of an independent taxon, herein described as the new species D. arenicola, which is only known from areas of sandy soils associated with “campo rupestre” vegetation. We also provide illustrations, data on habitat and distribution, as well as a conservation status assessment for the new species.
... In eastern North America, the discovery of Narthecium in a bog in southwestern North Carolina led to John K. Small's naming (in Abama Adanson) of a second eastern North American species, which he contrasted with N. americanum (Small 1924). Later authors of floristic treatments in eastern North America generally did not recognize Small's second species (see, for instance, Radford et al. 1968;Godfrey & Wooten 1979;Wofford 1989;Zomlefer 1997;Kartesz 1999;Fuse et al. 2012). Unfortunately, none of the authors explained their decision to include Small's second species within the concept of N. americanum, and no monograph of Narthecium, nor any more specific study of the eastern North American material, has been undertaken. ...
... angustifolium (Elliott) Freckmann & Lelong (Freckmann & Lelong 2003). Zuloaga et al. (1993) recognized Beetle's varietal name, P. aciculare var. arenicoloides, but included P. angustifolium Elliott and P. neuranthum Grisebach var. ...
As part of ongoing efforts to understand and document the flora of the southeastern United States, a number of taxonomic changes at generic , specific, and infraspecific rank are made. We also discuss and clarify the recommended taxonomy for other taxa (not requiring nomenclatural acts) and present a point of view about the practical and philosophic basis for making taxonomic changes in an allegedly well-understood flora. The genera (and families) affected are Allium (Alliaceae), Erigeron, Liatris, and Trilisa (Asteraceae), Calycanthus (Calycanthaceae), Gaylussacia (Ericaceae), Dalea and Mimosa (Fabaceae), Hydrophyllum (Hydrophyllaceae), Didymoglossum (Hymenophyllaceae), Monarda (Lamiaceae), Kosteletzkya and Sida (Malvaceae), Narthecium (Nartheciaceae), Agalinis, Melampyrum, and Orobanche/Aphyllon/Myzorrhiza (Orobanchaceae), Dichanthelium and Elymus (Poaceae), Clematis (Ranunculaceae), and Maianthemum (Ruscaceae). resumen Como parte de los esfuerzos en marcha para entender y documentar la flora del sureste de Estados Unidos, se hace un número de cambios taxonómicos en los rangos genéricos, específico, e infraspecífico. También discutimos y clarificamos la taxonomía recomendada para otros This document is intended for digital-device reading only. Inquiries regarding distributable and open access versions may be directed to jbrit@brit.org.
... Além disso, foram utilizadas as imagens dos holótipos e isótipos das espécies encontradas na base de dados do SpeciesLink (http://splink.cria.org.br/) de modo a comparar e analisar os materiais depositados uma vez que existe uma alta diversidade morfológica em algumas espécies. Todos os materiais foram identificados e descritos com o auxilio de bibliografia especializada, tendo como ponto de partida os trabalhos de Renvoize (1984) e Zuloaga et al. (1993), que trazem revisões para as espécies da Bahia e do gênero como um todo, respectivamente. ...
Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould é um gênero pertencente à subfamília Panicoideae, membro da tribo Paniceae (Morrone et al., 2012) e subtribo Dichanteliinae (Soreng et al 2015). Apresenta ampla distribuição desde o Canadá, na América do Norte até a Argentina (Brown & Smith, 1975), sendo reconhecidas cerca de 26 espécies para o Brasil (Viana & Rodrigues, 2015). De forma geral, pode ser caracterizado pelo hábito, as folhas formando mais ou menos em roseta basal; claro dimorfismo foliar, e suas espiguetas diferem pouco de Panicum L., apresentando um curto apículo no antécio superior (Aliscioni et al., 2003). É um gênero de difícil delimitação, que tem uma estreita e histórica relação com Panicum, considerado um subgênero deste durante muitas décadas, principalmente devido à diferenciação entre os espécimes dos EUA e de outras regiões das Américas (Aliscioni et al., 2003).Dentre as espécies de Dichanthelium citadas para o Brasil, 12 tem sido referidas para a Bahia (Viana & Rodrigues, 2015) e oito delas são registradas para a Chapada Diamantina, boa parte endêmica desta região. Porém, o conhecimento a respeito desse gênero pode ser considerado ainda muito limitado, uma vez que: a) as espécies apresentam delimitação relativamente complexa, com nomes aplicados de maneira duvidosa; b) existem muitas coleções em herbário sem identificação; c) nenhum dos taxonomistas de Poaceae do Brasil trabalha com o gênero no momento.Assim, estudos aprofundados Dichanthelium tornam-se claramente necessários, a fim de ampliar os conhecimentos a respeito da diversidade do gênero no Brasil, tendo como ponto de partida a análise das coleções feitas nos limites do Semiárido, com ênfase na Chapada Diamantina.
... Currently, the genus is classified within the subfamily Panicoideae, tribe Paniceae and subtribe Dichantheliinae Zuloaga et al. (2015Zuloaga et al. ( : 1697. Because of the difficulty in defining boundaries at the specific level, the number of recognized species for the genus has varied greatly, from 42 for the Canadian and United States species, plus Zuloaga et al. (1993) for the Mesoamerican, the West Indies and South American species), 72 (Freckmann & Lelong 2003) to up to 109 species . Such variation in species number is often due to different species concepts used by different authors. ...
... For example, Thomas (2015), who used phenetic analyses to circumscribe species, recently reinstated to species level the varieties of D. acuminatum (Swartz 1788: 23) : 1121, which differ in the morphology of the ligule and pseudoligule. Half the species of the genus are found in Canada and the United States (Freckmann & Lelong 2003), whereas the rest are distributed from Mexico to South America and a few in the Caribbean (Zuloaga et al. 1993). Preliminary phylogenetic analyses confirmed the monophyly of the genus and the polyphyletic nature of some species . ...
... Preliminary phylogenetic analyses confirmed the monophyly of the genus and the polyphyletic nature of some species . Many authors have considered Dichanthelium as a subgenus of Panicum Linnaeus (1753: 55) (e.g., Zuloaga et al. 1993, Beetle et al. 1999, Clayton and Renvoize 1986, Clayton et al. 2006 onwards), whereas Gould (1974) elevated it to the genus category. Recognition of the taxon as a genus is supported by phylogenetic analyses of molecular data and morphological traits (Aliscioni et al. 2003. ...
a new species, Dichanthelium multiglandulosum, from northwestern Jalisco, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Panicum transiens, an incorrectly synonymized name lost in history, is here proposed as D. transiens, with the rarely used name D. macrospermum treated as its synonym. relationships of both species are discussed, and both are classified within Dichanthe- lium section Macrocarpa. a key and a table of differences and similarities among the new species and related species are provided.
... Lelong (1984) and Lelong (2002, 2003) designated D. leucothrix as a subspecies of D. acuminatum (or P. acuminatum). Zuloaga et al. (1993b) placed D. leucothrix into synonymy under P. acuminatum var. longiligulatum. ...
... Dichanthelium longiligulatum also resembles D. leucothrix, D. meridionale, and D. wrightianum but differs from these three in its lack of puberulence on the vernal sheaths, internodes, and adaxial leaf surfaces (mostly). Several authors (Freckmann & Lelong 2002;Freckmann & Lelong 2003;Lelong 1984;Zuloaga et al. 1993b) have attempted to place D. longiligulatum as a variety or subspecies of D. acuminatum. However, D. longiligulatum differs strikingly from D. acuminatum. ...
Debate and confusion have persisted regarding the morphological ranges and limits of those taxa found within Dichanthelium sect. Lanuginosa. Phenetic analysis, principal components analysis, and pair-wise t-tests of character states were conducted with 285 specimens using 32 morphological characters. An additional examination of 2780 herbarium specimens, including all relevant type material, resulted in the recognition of 16 species and one subspecies. Many of the entities currently subsumed within the D. acuminatum and D. ovale complexes are here interpreted to represent distinct species in terms of morphology. Many of these taxa were secondarily found to exhibit geographical and ecological distinctions, which are also discussed. All 160 names associated with the section are reviewed and an accurate nomenclature is applied to the group. Dichanthelium lanuginosum is reinstated as distinct from D. acuminatum and two new nomenclatural combinations are proposed: Dichanthelium thermale (Bol.) J. Thomas, comb. nov. and Dichanthelium thermale subsp. sericeum (Schmoll) J. Thomas, comb. nov. Dichanthelium is one of the largest genera of New World grasses. Because of its diversity and wide distribution, a taxonomic understanding of the genus is vital to floristic treatments, monitoring projects, restoration efforts, and other areas of conservation and taxonomic concern. Hitchcock and Chase (1910) published Dichanthelium as a subgenus of Panicum to accommodate those taxa that produce terminal and axillary inflorescences (floral dimorphism), possess winter rosettes in addition to cauline leaves (foliar dimorphism), and rounded rather than pointed spikelets. This is in contrast to members of subg. Panicum, which only produce terminal inflorescences, lack winter rosettes, and generally have pointed spikelets. In addition to these differences, more contemporary studies have demonstrated further distinctions between Dichanthelium and Panicum. Brown (1948), Smith and Brown (1973), and Brown and Smith (1975) demonstrated that members of subg. Dichanthelium utilize C3 photosynthetic pathways as opposed to members of subg. Panicum, which are primarily C4 grasses. Boyle (1945) reported that subg. Dichanthelium has an extremely low incidence of polyploidy (only 3 out of approximately 100 species) whereas 70–80% of subg. Panicum species are polyploid. Brown et al. (1957) noted that subg. Dichanthelium has two layers of tunica cells in the shoot apices whereas subg. Panicum has a single layer.
... Our study allows us to conclude, after the analysis of 12 (of 14) species of Clavelligerae/ Pectinatae, and 14 species of Dichanthelium, that this clade is well supported and morphologically coherent; all taxa share membranous-ciliate ligules, lax and open inflorescences, ellipsoid to oblongoid spikelets, the lower glume present, 1-7-nerved, a (5-)7-13-nerved upper glume and lower lemma, the upper anthecium indurate, with simple papillae usually present and regularly arranged, with macrohairs present or absent. Also, species in this clade are non-Kranz (Brown 1977;Zuloaga et al. 1993;Osborne et al. 2014). Considering molecular and morphological characters, we are here describing a new subtribe within Establishment of the new subtribe Dichantheliinae and the genus Adenochloa the Paniceae to contain the members of these two clades and allied species. ...
Taxonomic features of African species of
Panicum sections Clavelligerae and Pectinatae are
reviewed and compared with Dichanthelium and other taxa
in tribe Paniceae. The new subtribe Dichantheliinae is
proposed on the basis of molecular and morphological
characters: it includes non-Kranz species, growing at forests
edges or in mountain grasslands with membranousciliate
ligules, lax and open inflorescences, ellipsoid to
oblongoid spikelets, and an indurate upper anthecium.
Within the Dichantheliinae, the new genus Adenochloa is
also established on the basis of chloroplast ndhF sequences
and morphological characters, i.e., plants with clavellate
multicellular, and glandular hairs present on blades, main
axis, branches, and pedicels of inflorescences; ellipsoid to
oblongoid, glabrous spikelets, with a lower glume 1/3 to
more than 1/2 the length of the spikelet; a 7–13-nerved
upper glume and a 5–9-nerved lower lemma; the upper
anthecium is indurate, pilose or glabrous. Adenochloa
includes 14 species from Africa and Madagascar. The new
combinations: Adenochloa adenophylla, A. adenophora, A.
bullockii, A. claytonii, A. ecklonii, A. flacciflora, A. habrothrix,
A. hymeniochila, A. lukwangulense, A. nigromarginata,
A. pectinella, A. pole-evansii, A. sadinii, and
A. squarrosa are proposed and the new genus is compared
with other genera of the tribe Paniceae. Also, lectotypes are
designated for Brachiaria sadinii, Panicum adenophorum,
P. adenophyllum, P. ecklonii, P. katentaniense, P. kisantuense,
P. hymeniochilum, P. hymeniochilum var.
glandulosum, P. snowdenii, and P. scandens; Panicum
glanduliferum and P. omega are treated as new synonyms
of Adenochloa hymeniochila and A. pectinella, respectively.
Finally, new illustrations are provided for 6 species
of the new genus.
... The geographic distribution data were taken from the literature (Clark 1992, Zuloaga et al. 1993, Boechat & Longhi-Wagner 1995, Longhi-Wagner 1999, Boechat & Longhi-Wagner 2001, Giraldo-Cañas 2001and onward, Zuloaga & Morrone 2005, Sede et al. 2008, Giraldo-Cañas 2010, Zanin & Longhi-Wagner 2011. ...
... The other woody bamboo species that occurs in Serra do Ouro Branco is Aulonemia effusa, which is common in but not endemic to the Espinhaço Range, and is always associated with rocky outcrops (Fig. 3H). Dichanthelium heliophilum is endemic to the campos rupestres of Minas Gerais (Zuloaga et al. 1993, Viana & Filgueiras 2008 and is a fairly common species in Serra do Ouro Branco, occurring in grassy fields and in rock crevices. Dichanthelium stipiflorum was previously reported only in the State of Bahia (Renvoize 1982, 1984, Zuloaga et al. 1993, Viana & Filgueiras 2008, Viana 2010. ...
... Dichanthelium heliophilum is endemic to the campos rupestres of Minas Gerais (Zuloaga et al. 1993, Viana & Filgueiras 2008 and is a fairly common species in Serra do Ouro Branco, occurring in grassy fields and in rock crevices. Dichanthelium stipiflorum was previously reported only in the State of Bahia (Renvoize 1982, 1984, Zuloaga et al. 1993, Viana & Filgueiras 2008, Viana 2010. ...
A survey of the Poaceae species that occur in Serra do Ouro Branco based on fieldwork and herbaria collections as well as bibliographical data is presented. Eighty-four species were found and are presented in a checklist. Five of these species were introduced to the area from Africa. Isachne (Micrairoideae) is a new record in the Espinhaço Range and Dichanthelium stipiflorum is a new record in the State of Minas Gerais. An analysis of the geographic distribution patterns of native species is presented together with a comparison with the Poaceae diversity on other mountains of the Espinhaço Range.
... Dichantelium sect. Dichantelium (Zuloaga et al. 1993), dez das quais ocorrendo na Bahia, e duas na área de estudos. Fig. 2d-f Plantas perenes, decumbentes, radicantes nos nós inferiores, 80-110 cm alt., entrenós e nós pilosos. ...
... As espiguetas também são bastante distintas, tanto pelo comprimento das glumas e antécios, quanto pela cor do antécio na maturação, que em D. hebotes é negro vs. estramíneo em D. sciurotoides. Zuloaga et al. (1993) citaram a espécie para o Ceará e Regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Ocorrendo geralmente em locais sombreados, bordas e interior de floresta, também em restingas e campos rupestres (Zuloaga et al. 2001a). ...
We present a survey of Chloridoideae and Panicoideae (Poaceae) in a remnant of montane forest (RPPN Serra Bonita), between Camacan and Pau Brasil municipalities, in the Southeastern of the Bahia State, Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Panicoideae includes 15 genera and 31 species in this area, and Chloridoideae, three genera and four species. Dichanthelium hebotes (Trin.) Zuloaga, Ocellochloa rudis (Nees) Zuloaga, Parodiophyllochloa cordovensis (E. Fourn.) Zuloaga & Morrone and Urochloa arrecta (Hackel ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga represent new records to Bahia; Paspalum millegrana Schrad. and P. nutans Lam. were recognized for the first time for a montane forest. Identification key for genera and species, descriptions and comments are provided for all of them.
