Acanthaceae
Avicennia

Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.

First published in Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 71: 435 (1907)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical Old World. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Aldabra, Andaman Is., Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cape Provinces, China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Gulf States, Hainan, India, Iran, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesser Sunda Is., Madagascar, Malaya, Maluku, Mozambique, Mozambique Channel I, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, New Zealand North, Nicobar Is., Norfolk Is., Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sinai, Socotra, Solomon Is., Somalia, South Australia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Vanuatu, Victoria, Vietnam, Western Australia, Yemen

Introduced into:

California

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Accepted Infraspecifics

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Debnath, H.S. (2004). Mangroves of Andaman & Nicobar islands: taxonomy and ecology: 1-133. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 2: 1-429. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Fernandes, R. & Diniz, M.A. (2005). Avicenniaceae, Nesogenaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae (subfams, Viticoideae and Ajugoideae). Flora Zambesiaca 8(7): 1-161. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Friedmann, F. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. ORSTOM éditions.
  • Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne.
  • Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Yamazaki, T., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1993). Flora of Japan IIIa: 1-482. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Miller, A.G. & M. Morris in Miller, A.G. & M. Morris (2004). Ethnofl. Soqotra Archipel. Convolvulaceae + Cuscutaceae. Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago: 516-524. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Flora Zambesiaca

  • Brenan, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Tang. Terr.: 629 (1949).
  • Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees & Shrubs: 581, fig. 106 (1961).
  • Econ. Bot. 27 , 2: 189 (1973).
  • Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C : 342 (1895).
  • Estud. Ensaios Doc. Junta Invest. Ci. Ultramar [in Mendonça, Contrib. Conhec. Fl. Moçamb., II] 12 : 177 (1954).
  • F.C. 5 , 1: 225–226 (1910).
  • F.T.A. 5 : 332 (1900).
  • F.T.E.A., Verbenaceae: 144, fig. 21 (1992).
  • F.W. Andrews, Fl. Pl. Anglo-Egypt. Sudan 3 : 193 (1956).
  • Fl. Madag., Avicenniaceae: 2, fig. 1 (1956)
  • Gomes e Sousa, Dendrol. Moçamb.: 660, t. 214 (1967).
  • J.H. Ross, Fl. Natal: 300 (1972).
  • K. Coates Palgrave, Trees South. Africa, ed. 2: 816 (1988).
  • M. Coates Palgrave, ed. 3 of K. Coates Palgrave, Trees South. Africa: 975 (2002).  TAB. 1 .
  • Macnae & Kalk, Nat. Hist. Inhaca Isl., Moçamb.: 13, fig. 5d, plate III(6) (1958).
  • Palmer & Pitman, Trees Southern Africa 3 : 1971, photo facing p. 1956, photo p. 1972 & 1974, fig. p. 1975 (1973).
  • Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6 , part 1: 266 (1861).
  • Phytologia 7 , 4: 210 (1960).
  • sensu Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Africa: 94, 125 et 139, t. 83 (1909), non L. (1753).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Debnath, H.S. (2004). Mangroves of Andaman & Nicobar islands: taxonomy and ecology: 1-133. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
  • Fernandes, R. & Diniz, M.A. (2005). Avicenniaceae, Nesogenaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae (subfams, Viticoideae and Ajugoideae). Flora Zambesiaca 8(7): 1-161. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Collenette, Fl. Saudi Arabia: 494 (1985).
  • Cufod., Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Supplement in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.) p. 803 (1962).
  • Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 581, fig. 106 (1961).
  • Fosberg & Renvoize, Fl. Aldabra: 219, fig. 35/1 (1980).
  • J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 629 (1949).
  • Jafri, Fl. W. Pakistan 49, Avicenniac.: 2, fig. 1 (1973).
  • Ju-Ying Hsiao in Fl. Taiwan 4: 411, t. 1055 (1978).
  • Lam & Bakh. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. 3, 3: 102 (1921), pro parte.
  • Moldenke in Rev. Fl. Ceylon 4: 127 (1983) (very full synonymy and description etc.).
  • R. O. Williams, Useful and Ornamental Plants in Zanzibar and Pemba p. 137 (1949).
  • Täckholm, Students’ Fl. Egypt: 155 (1956).
  • Vierh. in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math.-Nat. 71: 435 (1907).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Barrabé, L.; Léopold, A. [1239] New Caledonia K001609100 Yes
Rabarivola, M.L.; Rakotoarisoa, S.E.; Rajaonarison, R.; Peckering, T.E.; Nanjarisoa, O.P. [OLG708] Madagascar K001036646 Yes
Osborne, J.; Beira, B.; Issufo, I.; Matimele, H.; Mucaleque, P. [JO1328] Mozambique K001295778 Yes
K:SPC-66453.000 No
Curtis, C. [3533] Malaysia K000885463 Unknown Type Material Yes
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P. [7593] Tanzania K:SPC-24495.000 No
Bhide, R.K. [s.n.] India K000885470 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [6070] Malaysia K000885464 Unknown Type Material Yes
Renvoize, S.A. [762] Seychelles K:SPC-07386.000 No
Curtis, C. [3533] Malaysia K000885462 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images