Solanaceae
Solanum

Solanum macrocarpon L.

First published in Mant. Pl. 2: 205 (1771)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical Africa, Comoros, Madagascar. It is a shrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Comoros, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

China Southeast, Egypt, Guatemala, Jamaica, Malaya, Mauritius, Réunion, Sri Lanka

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Aubriot, X. & Knapp, S. (2022). A revision of the "spiny solanums" of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 198: 1-270.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • PBI Solanum Project (2014-continuously updated). Solanaceae Source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family http://www.solanaceaesource.org/.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2020). Flore du Gabon 55: 1-137. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Bitter in Fedde Rep., Beih. 16: 195 (1923)
  • Burkill in Kew Bull. 1925: 333.
  • F.T.A. 4, 2: 214
  • Mant. Alt. 205 (1771)
  • incl. var. calvum Bitter in Fedde Rep., Beih. 16: 198 (1923), and other varieties

Flora Zambesiaca

  • A. de Candolle, Prodr. 13, 1: 353 (1852).
  • Belmontia 22: 213, t. 5.35, phot. 5.26 (1990).
  • Binns, First Check List Herb. Fl. Malawi: 98 (1968).
  • Bothalia 17: 91–95 cum t. 1–4 & phot. 1–6 (1987)
  • Bothalia 18: 84 (1988).
  • Brenan & Greenway, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Tang. Terr.: 586 (1949).
  • Bull. Jard. Bot. État 33, Suppl.: 871 (1963).
  • Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1925: 333 (1925).
  • D'Arcy, Solanac. Biol. & Syst.: 475 (1986).
  • D'Arcy, Solanac. Biol. & Syst.: 48, 49 (1986).
  • F.T.A. 4, 2: 214 (1906).
  • F.W.T.A., ed. 2, 2: 334 (1963).
  • Gentes Herb. 12: 263 (1984).
  • Hepper, W. Afr. Herb. Isert & Thonn.: 121 (1976).
  • Jaeger, Syst. Stud. Solanum in Afr.: 425 (1985) incl. subsp. dasyphyllum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Jaeger and subsp. macrocarpon.
  • Kew Bull. 40: 389 (1985).
  • Knüpffer & Ochsmann (eds.), Rudolf Mansfeld and Plant Genetic Resources, Schriften Genet. Ressourcen 22: 137 (2003). Habitat in Peru.
  • Mant. Pl. Alt.: 205 (1771).
  • Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 195 (1923) as “macrocarpum”.
  • T. & H. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol.: 393 (1909).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Aubriot, X. & Knapp, S. (2022). A revision of the "spiny solanums" of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 198: 1-270.

Seed Collection Guides

  • Vorontsova, M. & Knapp, S. (2014) Solanum macrocarpon. In: Solanaceae Source http://solanaceaesource.org/content/solanum- macrocarpon

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • F.T.A. 4, 2: 214 (1906)
  • F.W.T.A. 2nd ed., 2: 334 (1963)
  • F.Z. 8(4): 105 (2005)
  • Fl. Eth. 5: 137 (2006).
  • Mant. Pl. Altera: 205 (1771)
  • T.T.C.L.: 586 (1949)

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jun 4, 2009 Ebbe, J. [598] Ethiopia K000441505 Yes
Jun 4, 2009 Meyer, F.G. [7790] Ethiopia K000441504 Yes
Jun 4, 2009 Meyer, F.G. [8762] Ethiopia K000441503 Yes
Apr 24, 2009 Bequaert, J.C.C. [2371] Congo, Republic of the K000441485 Yes
Apr 24, 2009 Johns, T. [86504] Gabon K000441484 Yes
Apr 24, 2009 Anonymous [s.n.] K000441486 Yes
Apr 24, 2009 Fay, J.M. [5424] Central African Republic K000441483 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Irvine, F.R. [5494] Ghana K000212457 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Thomas, N.W. [2063] Sierra Leone K000212452 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Dalziel, J.M. [1189] Nigeria K000212455 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Deighton, F.C. [1803] Sierra Leone K000212447 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Fisher, J.D. [94] Sierra Leone K000212448 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Thomas, N.W. [991] Sierra Leone K000212449 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Irvine, F.R. [3605] Nigeria K000212454 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Hall; Bukenya [47132] Ghana K000212440 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Hall; Bukenya [GC47128] Ghana K000212443 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Deighton, F.C. [1803A] Sierra Leone K000212446 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Thomas, N.W. [1635] Sierra Leone K000212450 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Hall; Bukenya [GC47137] Ghana K000212436 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Van Epenhuijsen, C.W. [37] Nigeria K000212456 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Hall; Bukenya [47123] Ghana K000212441 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Thomas, N.W. [1162] Sierra Leone K000212451 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Hall; Bukenya [47103] Ghana K000212438 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Hall; Bukenya [GC47124] Ghana K000212442 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Wit, P. [164] Nigeria K000212460 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Irvine, F.R. [5495] Ghana K000212458 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Irvine, F.R. [4686] Ghana K000212459 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Hall; Bukenya [47133] Ghana K000212444 Yes
Jan 1, 2009 Hall; Bukenya [47103] Ghana K000212437 Yes
Jan 1, 1961 Ogu [0 s.n.] Cameroon K000028643 Yes
s.coll [D41] Uganda K001157748 Yes
Westphal, E.; Westphal-Stevens, J.M.C. [9785] Cameroon K001169246 Yes
Balfour, I.B. [s.n.] Madagascar K000212371 Yes
Eyles, F. [2151] Zimbabwe K001158639 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] K001169254 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [4498] Sri Lanka K001169247 Yes
Buchanan, J. [1054] Malawi K001158638 Yes
Trapnell, C.G. [1451] Zambia K001158640 Yes
Haniff, M. [s.n.] Singapore K001153262 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [8701] United Kingdom K001169250 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Madagascar K000212372 No
s.coll [31] K001169251 Yes
s.coll [33] Egypt K001169248 Yes
Hall; Bukenya [GC47138] Ghana K000212439 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [1803] Sierra Leone K000212445 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [2868] Sierra Leone K:SPC-16656.000 No
Trapnell, C.G. [1241] Zambia K001158641 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [676] Uganda K001157744 Yes
Johns, T. [480] Cameroon K001155953 Yes
Purseglove, J.W. [P1757] Uganda K001157741 Yes
Tessman, G. [577] Equatorial Guinea K000414035 Isotype Yes
Maitland, T.D. [676] Uganda K001157743 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [2866] Sierra Leone K:SPC-16657.000 No
Maitland, T.D. [82] Uganda K001157742 Yes
Haniff, M. [s.n.] Singapore K001153260 Yes
Last [s.n.] United Kingdom K001169252 Yes
Gossweiler [8371] Angola K001158642 Yes
Purseglove, J.W. [P1861] Uganda K001157747 Yes
Thornewill, A.S. [95] Nigeria K000212453 Yes
Daumlira, E.K. [D41] Uganda K001157746 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] K001169249 Yes
Milsum, J.N. [37420] Malaysia K001153261 Yes
Purseglove, J.W. [P1893] Uganda K001157745 Yes
Whyte, A. [s.n.] Uganda K001157749 Yes
Haerdi, F. [52/92] Tanzania K001157751 Yes
Gumbleton [s.n.] K001169253 Yes
Hooker [2] Madagascar K000212373 Yes
Katende, A.B. [K97] Uganda K001157750 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Seed Collection Guides

    • Seed Collection Guides
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0