Chrysobalanaceae
Parinari

Parinari excelsa Sabine

First published in Trans. Hort. Soc. London 5: 451 (1824)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Costa Rica to S. Tropical America, Tropical Africa. It is a tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food, a medicine and invertebrate food and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Peru, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Uganda, Venezuela, Zambia, Zaïre

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Grenand, P., Engel, J., Frame, D., Delprete, P.G., Fleury, M., Odonne, G., Davy, D., Lucas, E.J. & Martin, C.A. (2022). An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature. Adansonia, sér. 3, 44: 345-903.
  • Prance, G.T. & Sothers, C.A. (2003). Chrysobalanaceae 1 & 2. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World 9, 10: 1-319, 1-268. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.
  • Thiombiano, A., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Ouédraogo, A., Hahn, K. & Zizka, G. (2012). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso. Boissiera 65: 1-391.
  • Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Alves, T., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Nangoma, D. & de Sousa, C. (2009). Biodiversity and Conservation of Mchese Mountain, Malawi. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: 1-71. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Aubrév. Fl. For. C. Iv. 1: 146, t. 50 B
  • Hauman in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 21: 191.
  • —F.T.A. 2: 367

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Prance, G.T. & Sothers, C.A. (2003). Chrysobalanaceae 1 & 2. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World 9, 10: 1-319, 1-268. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.
  • Thiombiano, A., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Ouédraogo, A., Hahn, K. & Zizka, G. (2012). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso. Boissiera 65: 1-391.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • R. Grah. in Kew Bulletin 1957: 229 (1957).
  • Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. 5: 451 (1824).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Castañeda, R.R. (1991). Frutas silvestres de Colombia. Instituto Colombiano de Cultura Hispánica.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
May 1, 2022 Patel, H. [10] Mozambique K001417363 Yes
May 1, 2018 Matimele, H.; Agostenho, M.; Darbyshire, I., Fansdeo, G., Mucaleque, P.; Osborne, J.; Tanleque, C. [2556] Mozambique K001291601 No
Mar 1, 2016 Burgt, X.M. van der; Kabbie, M.T.; Sesay, J. [1418] Sierra Leone K000582315 No
Jan 10, 2008 Burgt, X.M. van der; Couch, C.; Fofana, F.; Camara, A. [958] Guinea K000460359 No
Nov 1, 2007 Sasaki, D.; Henicka, G.S.; André, T.J.C.; Piva, J.H. [1493] Brazil K000447844 No
Mar 1, 2007 Sasaki, D.; Camargo, A.C.; Rosa, S.A.; Piva, J.H. [1197] Brazil K000447843 No
Mar 1, 2007 Sasaki, D.; Pedroga, J.A.; Corrêa, T.R.; Piva, J.H. [1260] Brazil K000447842 Yes
Feb 1, 2001 Hafashimana, D.L.N. [559] Uganda K000103695 Yes
Jan 1, 2000 Aguilar, R. [4814] Costa Rica K000371051 No
Apr 1, 1998 Lopez, R.; Giraldo-C., D.; Oidor, M.; Pabon, A. [1248] Colombia K000371048 No
Jul 1, 1995 Gereau, R.E.; Kayombo, C.J. [3928] Tanzania K000103731 Yes
Jan 1, 1994 Hart, T.B. [1152] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K000103589 No
Mar 1, 1993 Cunningham, A.B. [3032] Uganda K000103718 Yes
Jan 1, 1991 Prance, G.T. [30515] Malawi K000103810 No
Nov 1, 1977 Lister [274] Venezuela K000371049 No
Feb 1, 1963 Myers, J.G. [11808] Sudan K000103678 Yes
Jun 1, 1962 Osmaston, H.A. [2770] Uganda K000103720 Yes
Jan 1, 1953 Chevalier, A. [16204] Cote d'Ivoire K000103559 Isotype Yes
Jan 1, 1953 Chevalier, A. [22295] Cote d'Ivoire K000103560 Paratype Yes
Delvaux [716] Congo, Republic of the K000103626 Yes
Heudelot [633] K000103537 Yes
Bamps, P. [2259] Cote d'Ivoire K000103564 Yes
Ducke, A. [24181] Brazil K000220810 Unknown Type Material Yes
Silva, J.A.C. da; Freitas, C.A.A. de; Oliveira, J.G. de; Pinho, D.A.C. de [1673] Brazil K001569959 Yes
Viana, G.P. ; Ramos, J.F. ; Albernaz, A.L.K.M. ; Rosario, C.S. [246108] Brazil K001569443 Yes
Chapman, J.D.; E.G. [7826] Malawi K000103811 No
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [2623] Cote d'Ivoire K000103561 Yes
Thompson, H.N. [14] K000103563 Yes
Sierra Leone K000313172 Unknown Type Material Yes
Harley, R.M. [9351] K000103722 Yes
Wightman, N.; Alfonsi, J.; Conradie, C.; Du Plessis, D.; Du Plessis, S.; O'Connor, N. [NCW652] Zambia K001634192 Yes
Thompson, S.A.; Rawlins, J.E. [5691] Malawi K000103812 No
Baldwin, J.T. [10463] Liberia K000103555 Yes
Hamilton, W.D. [209] Brazil K001574588 Yes
Chapman, J.D. [5452] Nigeria K000103569 Yes
Green, G.S. [899] Ghana K000103568 Yes
Medeiros, H.; Bigio, N.C.; Daly, D.; Labiak, P.H.; Silva, A.; Consuelo, E.; Justinoano, F.; Santiago, D. [1838] Brazil K001567090 Yes
d'Orey, J. [79] K000103539 Yes
Chapman, E.G. [137] Malawi K000103809 No
Tisserant, R.P. [1307] Central African Republic K000103621 Yes
Dalziel, J.M. [8383] Gambia, The K000103538 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [12328] Cote d'Ivoire K001519307 Yes
Boom, B.; Wentzel, S. [6587] Venezuela K000371047 No
Cheek, M.; Corcoran; Morgan [12487] Cameroon K001310394 Yes
Bigio, N.C.; Daly, D.; Labiak, P.H.; Silveira, A.L.P.; Oliveira, E.C.; Jucelino [1822] Brazil K001567073 Yes
Wieringa, J.J.; Nziengui, B.; Moussavou, J.M.; Mbombet, M. [5256] Gabon K001769770 No
Jongkind, C.C.H.; Kwewon, D.; Kpadeyeah, J.; Konie, J.; Suah, T.L.; Daniels, A.K. [6187] Liberia K001769751 No
Milne-Redhead, E.; Taylor, P. [9113] Tanzania K000103726 Yes
Richards, H.M. [10229] K000103724 Yes
Figueiredo, F.O.G.; Garcia, S. [1986] Brazil K001567118 Yes
Geerling, C.; Bokdam, J. [759] Cote d'Ivoire K000103565 Yes
Gerard, Ph. [2341] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K000103595 Yes
Harten, A.M., van [232] Liberia K000103554 Yes
Bigio, N.C.; Daly, D.; Silveira, A.L.P.; Oliveira, E.C. [1666] Brazil K001567109 Yes
White, F. [3503] Zambia K000103815 No
Chevalier, A. [15109] Guinea K000103543 Yes
Espirito Santo [1124] K000103540 Yes
Holst, C. [2425] Tanzania K000103728 Type Yes
Cooper, G.P. [270] Liberia K000103558 Yes
Schomburgk [785] Guyana K000220809 Unknown Type Material Yes
Viana, G.P. ; Ramos, J.F. ; Albernaz, A.L.K.M. ; Rosário, C.S. [246057] Brazil K001569468 Yes
Timberlake, J. [5293] Mozambique K000614023 No
Myers, J.G. [11417] Sudan K000103677 Yes
Faremi, I.B. [663] Nigeria K000103572 Yes
Huntley, B.J. [3553] Angola K001768971 Yes
Martinelli, G.; Moraeas, M.A.; Benevides, P.; Forzza, R.C.; Nadruz, M.; Gallucci, S.; Costa, D. [17358] Brazil K001590302 Yes
Thomas, N.W. [9092] Sierra Leone K000103548 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [5346] Sierra Leone K:SPC-16486.000 No
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [2814] Cote d'Ivoire K000103562 Yes
Newbould, J.; Jefford, T.G. [2335] K000103723 Yes
Devred, R. [1102] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K000103590 Yes
Scott Elliot, G.F. [4998] Sierra Leone K000103553 Isotype Yes
da Silva, J.A.C.; de Freitas, C.A.A.; de Oliveira, J.G. [1591] Brazil K001572744 Yes
da Silva, J.A.C.; de Freitas, C.A.A.; de Oliveira, J.G. [1591] Brazil K001572745 Yes
Huntley, B.J. [3553] Angola K001604465 Yes
Silva, J.A.C.; Mota, C.D.A.; França, F.; Belém, G. [1185] Brazil K001577291 Yes
Thomas, D.W. [750] Cameroon K001518023 Yes
de Konig, J. [6629] Cote d'Ivoire K001769776 No
Fanshawe, D.B. [3193] Zambia K000103814 No
Tessmann, G. [893] Equatorial Guinea K000103620 Yes
Hart, T.B. [93] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K000103592 Yes
Polhill, R.M.; Paulo, S. [1497] K000103721 Yes
Philip, M.S. [385] Uganda K000103719 Yes
Iversen, S.T.; et al. [85032] Tanzania K000103729 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [514] Sierra Leone K000103547 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [6085] Liberia K000103556 Yes
Mann [885] Sierra Leone K000310039 Type Yes
Whyte, A. [sn] Malawi K000103813 Lectotype Yes
Leonard, A. [3138] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K000103593 Yes
Sankey, H.J. [19] Nigeria K000103570 Yes
Le Testu [1942] Gabon K000103622 Yes
Morton, J.K. [SL 774] Sierra Leone K000103549 Yes
Hall; Enti [GC 39252] Ghana K000103567 Yes
Vollesen, K. [4143] Tanzania K000103730 Yes
Baldwin, J.T. [9574] Liberia K000103557 Yes
Bakshi, T.S. [385] Sierra Leone K000103551 Yes
Lewalle, J. [1505] Burundi K000103623 Yes
Kennedy, J.D. [1643] Nigeria K000103571 Yes
Timberlake, J. [5463] Mozambique K000614444 No
Dalziel, J.M. [8384] Guinea K000103544 Yes
Don, G. [sn] Sierra Leone K000103545 Lectotype Yes
Smeyers [24] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K000103594 Yes
Semsei, S.R. [4106] Tanzania K000103725 Yes
Louis, J. [2781] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K000103591 Yes
Le Testu, G. [9590] Gabon K000103535 Yes
Gossweiler [9949] Angola K000103816 No
Daramola, B.O. [576] Nigeria K000103696 Yes
Fox, J.E.D. [59] Sierra Leone K000103550 Yes
Leonard, A. [2387] Congo, Republic of the K000103627 Yes
Lisowski, S. [51546] Guinea K000103541 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [2560] Brazil K000220811 Unknown Type Material Yes
Pierlot, R. [3222] Congo, Republic of the K000103625 Yes
Greenway, P.G. [989] Tanzania K000103732 Yes
Dawe, M.T. [18] Gambia, The K000103533 Yes
Muller, T. [1470] Malawi K000103808 No
Jones, A.P.D.; Onochie, C.F. [FHI 16701] Nigeria K000103573 Yes
Mann [885] K000103546 Type Yes
Cooper, G.P. [93] Liberia K000103534 No
Geerling, C.; Bokdam, J. [2283] Cote d'Ivoire K000103566 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [5346] Sierra Leone K000103552 Yes
Troupin, G. [2616] Rwanda K000103624 Yes
Semsei, S.R. [4217] Tanzania K000103733 Yes
Barbosa, L.A., Grandvaux; Carvalho, M. [4506] Mozambique K000103807 No
Le Testu, G. [8053] Gabon K000103536 Yes
Greenway [3328] K000103727 Yes
Langdale-Brown, I. [2595] Guinea K000103542 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Neotropikey

    • Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0