Code
SCFDU
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Marshland
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Ambulia micrantha Raf. |
| synonym | Gratiola micrantha Nuttall |
| synonym | Scoparia grandifiora Nash |
| synonym | Scoparia gypsophyloides Walp. |
| synonym | Scoparia nudicaulis Chod. & Hassl. |
| synonym | Scoparia procumbens Jacq. |
| synonym | Scoparia purpurea Ridl. |
| synonym | Scoparia ternata Forssk. |
🗒 Common Names
| Creoles and pidgins; French-based |
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| English |
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| Other |
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📚 Overview
Description
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Global description
Scoparia dulcis is a subwoody erect plant. The leaves are opposite or verticillate by 3, of oblanceolate form. The margin is entire at the base and toothed at the top. The faces are glandular. The flowers are axillary, solitary or in pairs and pedunculated. The calyx has 5 sepals and the corolla 4 petals. The 4 stamens have anthers with 2 cells. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule with many tiny seeds.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are oval and sessile. They are 2 mm long.
First leaves
The first leaves are opposite. They are sessile, with an oblanceolate limb. The lower half is attenuated in acute corner and has an entire margin while the upper half has a toothed margin and ends in wide corner. Both sides are glabrous, punctuated by numerous bright green glands.
General habit
Scoparia dulcis is erected. The plant is usually very branched. It sometimes grows in tuft from a subterranean sublignous strain. The plant is 30 to 80 cm high.
Underground system
The root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is polygonal and solid. It is often subwoody at the base. It is glabrous.
Leaf
The leaves are opposite or verticillate by three. They are simple and sessile. The blade is oblanceolate, 2.5-5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The base is attenuated in acute corner, forming a pseudo-petiole. The summit is in wide corner. Both sides are glabrous and riddled with bright green glands. The margin is entire in the lower half of the limb and toothed in the upper half.
Flower
The flowers are solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves. They are bluish in color. They are borne by a peduncle 6 to 8 mm long. The calyx is formed of 5 free sepals almost to the base. They are elliptical in shape, ending in a point at the top. They are finely pubescent. The corolla is formed of 4 petals, rarely 5, almost free to the base. They are oval, apiculated apex. The entire calyx and corolla is 3 to 4 mm long. The 4 stamens have anthers with 2 equal compartments. The ovary is surmounted by a filiform style not exceeding the corolla.
Fruit
The fruit is a dehiscent capsule, ovoid, surmounted by style. It is 4 mm long and contains many seeds. At maturity, it opens in 2 valves.
Seed
The seeds are extremely small, they are 0.1 mm long. They are of obconic form.
Scoparia dulcis is a subwoody erect plant. The leaves are opposite or verticillate by 3, of oblanceolate form. The margin is entire at the base and toothed at the top. The faces are glandular. The flowers are axillary, solitary or in pairs and pedunculated. The calyx has 5 sepals and the corolla 4 petals. The 4 stamens have anthers with 2 cells. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule with many tiny seeds.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are oval and sessile. They are 2 mm long.
First leaves
The first leaves are opposite. They are sessile, with an oblanceolate limb. The lower half is attenuated in acute corner and has an entire margin while the upper half has a toothed margin and ends in wide corner. Both sides are glabrous, punctuated by numerous bright green glands.
General habit
Scoparia dulcis is erected. The plant is usually very branched. It sometimes grows in tuft from a subterranean sublignous strain. The plant is 30 to 80 cm high.
Underground system
The root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is polygonal and solid. It is often subwoody at the base. It is glabrous.
Leaf
The leaves are opposite or verticillate by three. They are simple and sessile. The blade is oblanceolate, 2.5-5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The base is attenuated in acute corner, forming a pseudo-petiole. The summit is in wide corner. Both sides are glabrous and riddled with bright green glands. The margin is entire in the lower half of the limb and toothed in the upper half.
Flower
The flowers are solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves. They are bluish in color. They are borne by a peduncle 6 to 8 mm long. The calyx is formed of 5 free sepals almost to the base. They are elliptical in shape, ending in a point at the top. They are finely pubescent. The corolla is formed of 4 petals, rarely 5, almost free to the base. They are oval, apiculated apex. The entire calyx and corolla is 3 to 4 mm long. The 4 stamens have anthers with 2 equal compartments. The ovary is surmounted by a filiform style not exceeding the corolla.
Fruit
The fruit is a dehiscent capsule, ovoid, surmounted by style. It is 4 mm long and contains many seeds. At maturity, it opens in 2 valves.
Seed
The seeds are extremely small, they are 0.1 mm long. They are of obconic form.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Northern Cameroon: Scoparia dulcis is a species present in the middle and at the end of the crop cycle as well as during a large part of the dry season. Germination, or the development of underground buds on the stump, occurs in July or August when the soil is very wet. Flowering begins in August and may last until March or April if the soil remains sufficiently moist. Fruiting and seed dispersal have been spreading since September until the drying of the aerial part of the plant when the soil dries up.
Mayotte: Scoparia dulcis flowers and fruits all year round.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Cyclicity
Scoparia dulcis is an annual species that can be shortly perennial depending on soil moisture conditions. It multiplies by seeds.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Ecology
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A common weed of lowlands in tropical and subtropical areas, in regions where it rains all year but also in regions with prolonged dry season provided that the soil is very clayey.
Northern Cameroon: Scoparia dulcis is mainly a Guinean zone species, where it grows on all types of soils. It is also found in the Sudanian and Sahelo-Sudanian regions. In those areas where annual rainfall is insufficient for its development, S. dulcis grows only in clay soils with high water retention, wet basins or temporarily flooded soils. It is a good indicator species for clay and wet soils. It is mainly found on vertic soils that are exposed or temporarily flooded, on sandy-clay alluvial deposits along river banks and on planosols.
French Guiana: Ruderal species and crop weed. It is particularly observed on wet and compacted soils.
Mayotte: Scoparia dulcis is a relatively common cryptogenic species in clayey and hydromorphic soils, often at the back of mangrove, but also around freshwater ponds as in the vicinity of lake Karihani.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Origin
Scoparia dulcis is native to tropical America
Worldwide distribution
This species is widespread in all tropical regions.
Scoparia dulcis is native to tropical America
Worldwide distribution
This species is widespread in all tropical regions.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Burkina Faso : Scarce and scanty in paddy fields.
Northern Cameroon: Scoparia dulcis is a minor weed, infrequent in dry crops such as cotton, groundnuts, maize or sorghum, which are seldom used on soils that are too heavy or too wet. On the other hand, it is a frequent weed, even locally abundant and difficult to control, because of its subwoody stem, in plots of off-season sorghum, lowland rice and in vegetable crops bordering the water bodies.
Ivory Coast: frequent and scanty.
Ghana: frequent and scanty.
French Guiana: It is quite frequent and locally abundant in the fruit plots, especially in pineapple cultivation.
Mali: rare but abundant when it is present.
Nigeria: rare and scanty.
Senegal: frequent and scanty.
Burkina Faso : Scarce and scanty in paddy fields.
Northern Cameroon: Scoparia dulcis is a minor weed, infrequent in dry crops such as cotton, groundnuts, maize or sorghum, which are seldom used on soils that are too heavy or too wet. On the other hand, it is a frequent weed, even locally abundant and difficult to control, because of its subwoody stem, in plots of off-season sorghum, lowland rice and in vegetable crops bordering the water bodies.
Ivory Coast: frequent and scanty.
Ghana: frequent and scanty.
French Guiana: It is quite frequent and locally abundant in the fruit plots, especially in pineapple cultivation.
Mali: rare but abundant when it is present.
Nigeria: rare and scanty.
Senegal: frequent and scanty.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Medicinal: Scoparia dulcis is used in tropical America to treat conditions such as digestive problems, lung conditions, fevers and skin problems. This plant is considered an antibiotic, an antidote, an aphrodisiac, a blood purifier, an emetic, a febrifuge, a hepatic, a hypoglycemic and a stomachic. The roots and leaves are traditionally used in India, Indochina and Southeast Asia as analgesic, diuretic and antipyretic to treat gastric disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery, as well as cough, bronchitis, hypertension, hemorrhoids and Insect bites. Research has shown that the plant contains a number of medically active compounds.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Management
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2018-09-06. <tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Scoparia+dulcis>
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:230902-2
Information Listing > References
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2018-09-06. <tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Scoparia+dulcis>
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:230902-2
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Scoparia%2520dulcis
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Lamiales |
| Family | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus | Scoparia |
| Species | Scoparia dulcis L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
