Code
ERACI
Growth form
Grass
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
ERACI
Growth form
Grass
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Andropogon amboinicus (L.) Merr. |
| synonym | Cynodon ciliaris (L.) Raspail |
| synonym | Eragrostis amboinensis Trin. ex Steud., nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Eragrostis amboinica (L.) Druce |
| synonym | Eragrostis arabica Jaub. & Spach |
| synonym | Eragrostis boryana (Willd.) Steud. |
| synonym | Eragrostis ciliaris subsp. brachystachya (Boiss.) H.Scholz |
| synonym | Eragrostis ciliaris var. brachystachya Boiss. |
| synonym | Eragrostis ciliaris var. clarkei Stapf ex Hook.f. |
| synonym | Eragrostis ciliaris var. compta (Link) Schrad. |
| synonym | Eragrostis ciliaris var. latifolia Hack. |
| synonym | Eragrostis ciliaris var. laxa Kunth |
| synonym | Eragrostis compta Link |
| synonym | Eragrostis lobata Trin. |
| synonym | Eragrostis pulchella Parl. |
| synonym | Eragrostis villosa Trin., nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Erosion ciliare (L.) Lunell |
| synonym | Macroblepharus contractus Phil. |
| synonym | Megastachya boryana (Willd.) Roem. & Schult. |
| synonym | Megastachya ciliaris (L.) P.Beauv. |
| synonym | Poa amboinensis L., nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Poa amboinica L. |
| synonym | Poa boryana Willd. |
| synonym | Poa ciliaris L. |
| synonym | Poa compta (Link) Kunth |
| synonym | Poa elegans Poir. |
| synonym | Poa elliptica Willd. ex Steud., pro syn. |
| synonym | Poa lobata (Trin.) Kunth |
🗒 Common Names
| Other |
|
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Eragrostis ciliaris is a small, loose-leafed small plant with slender leaves marked by a line of long, periligular white hairs. The ligule is ciliated and doubled by a crown of long white hairs. The inflorescence is a spike-like panicle, woolly in appearance. Spikelets are laterally compressed, comprising 5 to 9 flowers. They disarticulate from the end. Glumes, lemmas and paleas are membranous. The paleas are bicarinated with long eyelashes along the hulls. The grain is ovoid, red in color.
First leaves
The first leaves have a rolled prefoliation. The blade is linear and very slender to the top, 2 to 8 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide. It is erected obliquely. The ligule is ciliate, doubled by a second line of long white hairs. The periligular line is composed of an alignment of long white hairs forming whiskers on each side of the ligule. The sheath is cylindrical and has some long white hairs along the margin. The hull is round and not very marked. The limb is dotted with some long white hairs, the margin is scabrous. The main rib forms a gutter.
General habit
Eragrostis ciliaris forms a small, loose, slender tuft or solitary axis. The plant has a weak tillering, and the axes are little branched. This species is 20 to 60 cm tall.
Underground system
The roots are fasciculate.
Culm
The culm is cylindrical and slender, 1 to 3 mm wide. It is smooth and glabrous. The knots are glabrous and black in color.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate and erect obliquely. The sheath is cylindrical and weakly keeled. It has some long white hairs, especially around the margin. The ligule is ciliated and 0.8 mm high. It is lined with a crown of white hairs 3 mm long. The periligular line consists of an alignment of long white hairs, 4 to 5 mm long, and whiskers on each side of the ligule. The lamina is linear, long tapered to the apex peak sharp. It is 5 to 15 cm long and 3 to 5 mm wide. It is dotted with some long white hairs at the base of the upper face, the margin is scabrid. The limb is marked in the middle by a central rib in gutter.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a very contracted spike-like panicle, with woolly appearance. It is sometimes discontinuous. It is 1 to 12 cm long and 10 to 15 mm wide. The branches are 5 to 10 mm long and applied along the axis of the inflorescence. The panicle often has a pinkish hue.
Spikelet
Spikelets are subsessile. They are 2 to 4.5 mm long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm wide and often tinged with purple. They comprise 5 to 9 identical flowers, compressed laterally. Terminal flowers are sometimes sterile. At maturity, the spikelet disarticulates from the terminal flowers. Since the racholeol is fragile, it breaks during disarticulation. The glumes are oval, ending in acute corner at the top. They are 1 to 1.3 mm long and marked by a green dorsal vein. The lemmas are elliptical, 1 to 1.3 mm long and marked by 3 green veins. Upper lemmas may have some stiff hairs along the dorsal vein. Paleas are slightly shorter. They are bicarinated. Each of the hulls carries a dozen long, stiff eyelashes, muddy at the base and extending well beyond the edge of the lemmas.
Grain
The grain is free, ovoid, 0.5 mm long. The integument is smooth and dark red in color.
Eragrostis ciliaris is a small, loose-leafed small plant with slender leaves marked by a line of long, periligular white hairs. The ligule is ciliated and doubled by a crown of long white hairs. The inflorescence is a spike-like panicle, woolly in appearance. Spikelets are laterally compressed, comprising 5 to 9 flowers. They disarticulate from the end. Glumes, lemmas and paleas are membranous. The paleas are bicarinated with long eyelashes along the hulls. The grain is ovoid, red in color.
First leaves
The first leaves have a rolled prefoliation. The blade is linear and very slender to the top, 2 to 8 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide. It is erected obliquely. The ligule is ciliate, doubled by a second line of long white hairs. The periligular line is composed of an alignment of long white hairs forming whiskers on each side of the ligule. The sheath is cylindrical and has some long white hairs along the margin. The hull is round and not very marked. The limb is dotted with some long white hairs, the margin is scabrous. The main rib forms a gutter.
General habit
Eragrostis ciliaris forms a small, loose, slender tuft or solitary axis. The plant has a weak tillering, and the axes are little branched. This species is 20 to 60 cm tall.
Underground system
The roots are fasciculate.
Culm
The culm is cylindrical and slender, 1 to 3 mm wide. It is smooth and glabrous. The knots are glabrous and black in color.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate and erect obliquely. The sheath is cylindrical and weakly keeled. It has some long white hairs, especially around the margin. The ligule is ciliated and 0.8 mm high. It is lined with a crown of white hairs 3 mm long. The periligular line consists of an alignment of long white hairs, 4 to 5 mm long, and whiskers on each side of the ligule. The lamina is linear, long tapered to the apex peak sharp. It is 5 to 15 cm long and 3 to 5 mm wide. It is dotted with some long white hairs at the base of the upper face, the margin is scabrid. The limb is marked in the middle by a central rib in gutter.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a very contracted spike-like panicle, with woolly appearance. It is sometimes discontinuous. It is 1 to 12 cm long and 10 to 15 mm wide. The branches are 5 to 10 mm long and applied along the axis of the inflorescence. The panicle often has a pinkish hue.
Spikelet
Spikelets are subsessile. They are 2 to 4.5 mm long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm wide and often tinged with purple. They comprise 5 to 9 identical flowers, compressed laterally. Terminal flowers are sometimes sterile. At maturity, the spikelet disarticulates from the terminal flowers. Since the racholeol is fragile, it breaks during disarticulation. The glumes are oval, ending in acute corner at the top. They are 1 to 1.3 mm long and marked by a green dorsal vein. The lemmas are elliptical, 1 to 1.3 mm long and marked by 3 green veins. Upper lemmas may have some stiff hairs along the dorsal vein. Paleas are slightly shorter. They are bicarinated. Each of the hulls carries a dozen long, stiff eyelashes, muddy at the base and extending well beyond the edge of the lemmas.
Grain
The grain is free, ovoid, 0.5 mm long. The integument is smooth and dark red in color.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
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Northern Cameroon: Eragrostis ciliaris is present in crops, mainly in the middle and at the end of the crop cycle. Germination takes place at the end of June and in July. After weeding or ridging, few new emergences appear. Flowering begins in July, 3 to 4 weeks after emergence, followed 2 weeks later by the first fructifications. The fructification and the dissemination end at the end of November, at the beginning of the dry season, with the drying of the plant.
Mayotte: Eragrostis ciliaris flowers and fruits all year round.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Look Alikes
Criteria for identifying some Eragrostis at the vegetative stage (see Le Bourgeois and Kamga-Tchayé 1991)
1 Presence of many sticky glands on the sheath - E. viscosa
1' Absence of sticky glands on the sheath:
2 Periligular zone glabrous:
3 Ligule 0.7 mm, membranous, truncate barely ciliated at the apex; glabrous sheath; glabrous lamina, banded, 3 to 5 mm wide - E. namaquensis
3' Ligule membrano-ciliate 0.3 mm; glabrous sheath; ciliate margin and base (hair white 2-3 mm) - E. gangetica
2' Tufts of developed periligular hairs:
4 Ligule = 0.3 mm:
5 Short and stiff periligular hairs from 1 to 1.5 mm; ciliated ligule - E. turgida
5' Silky, well-developed periligular hairs of 3-4 mm; membrane-ciliated ligule:
6 Glabrous sheath and limb - E. pilosa
6' Long white hairs 3-4 mm at the base and on the margin of the limb, limb green-blue; ligule very slightly membranous - E. tremula
4' Ligule 0.7 to 1 mm, ciliate, usually doubled by a second line of longer hairs:
7 Very long periligular hairs with mustaches of 5 to 7 mm; ciliated ligule lined with a 2nd row of long hair 3-4 mm - E. aspera
7' Periligular hairs developed but with a length of 2 to 5 mm:
8 Ciliated ligule lined with a second row of long hairs; densely hairy sheath - E. ciliaris
8' Ciliated ligule not lined with a second row of hairs; limb glabrous at the base ; margin with few hairs; glabrous sheath - E. cilianensis
1 Presence of many sticky glands on the sheath - E. viscosa
1' Absence of sticky glands on the sheath:
2 Periligular zone glabrous:
3 Ligule 0.7 mm, membranous, truncate barely ciliated at the apex; glabrous sheath; glabrous lamina, banded, 3 to 5 mm wide - E. namaquensis
3' Ligule membrano-ciliate 0.3 mm; glabrous sheath; ciliate margin and base (hair white 2-3 mm) - E. gangetica
2' Tufts of developed periligular hairs:
4 Ligule = 0.3 mm:
5 Short and stiff periligular hairs from 1 to 1.5 mm; ciliated ligule - E. turgida
5' Silky, well-developed periligular hairs of 3-4 mm; membrane-ciliated ligule:
6 Glabrous sheath and limb - E. pilosa
6' Long white hairs 3-4 mm at the base and on the margin of the limb, limb green-blue; ligule very slightly membranous - E. tremula
4' Ligule 0.7 to 1 mm, ciliate, usually doubled by a second line of longer hairs:
7 Very long periligular hairs with mustaches of 5 to 7 mm; ciliated ligule lined with a 2nd row of long hair 3-4 mm - E. aspera
7' Periligular hairs developed but with a length of 2 to 5 mm:
8 Ciliated ligule lined with a second row of long hairs; densely hairy sheath - E. ciliaris
8' Ciliated ligule not lined with a second row of hairs; limb glabrous at the base ; margin with few hairs; glabrous sheath - E. cilianensis
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Ecology
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Northern Cameroon: Eragrostis ciliaris is a heliophilous species. It develops Sahelo-Sudanese regions in the Sudanian regions. It is a ruderal species, common in open areas such as curbs or vacant lots but not common in fallow land because it is quickly competing with other species. It is also a common weed of annual crops. It grows mainly in light, sandy and well-filtered soils in wet areas such as ferruginous soils, ferruginous dune cord soils. It also grows on stony and dry fersialitic soils. On the other hand, it is rare on very clayey and humid soils like vertisols or planosols. This species is present in both traditional and intensive culture.
French Guiana: Species that occurs on very filtering and degraded sandy soils, especially in fruit crops that are regularly herbicidal.
Mayotte: Eragrostis ciliaris is a native species that grows on stabilized sands, in open and secondarized stations of the littoral and xerophilous zones. It is also sub-halophilous.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
Description
Worldwide distribution
Eragrostis ciliaris is widespread in all tropical areas.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
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Local harmfulness
Northern Cameroon: Eragrostis ciliaris is a regional weed, present in more than 30% of cultivated plots, particularly in the Sahelo-Sudanian region. It is sometimes abundant but rarely causes discomfort because it grows most of the time in solitary axis or small tuft of low development.
French Guiana: An infrequent species and not abundant in orchards.
Northern Cameroon: Eragrostis ciliaris is a regional weed, present in more than 30% of cultivated plots, particularly in the Sahelo-Sudanian region. It is sometimes abundant but rarely causes discomfort because it grows most of the time in solitary axis or small tuft of low development.
French Guiana: An infrequent species and not abundant in orchards.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Stanfield D.P., 1970. The flora of Nigeria, Grasses. Stanfield and Lowe ed., Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 118p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. III part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 574p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Zon van der A.P.M., 1992. Graminées du Cameroun, Vol. II, Flore. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 92 - 1, Wageningen, 557p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html. [accessed 08 January 2020]
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Le Bourgeois Th. & Kamga F., 1991. Quelques critères de détermination au stade végétatif des Eragrostis annuels adventices des cultures au Nord-Cameroun. Weed Research, 31, 1 : 59-62.
- Vanden Berghen C., 1983. Matériaux pour une flore de la végétation herbacée de la Casamance occidentale, Sénégal, Fascicule 2, Gramineae. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, 66p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1156566-2
Information Listing > References
- Stanfield D.P., 1970. The flora of Nigeria, Grasses. Stanfield and Lowe ed., Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 118p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. III part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 574p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Zon van der A.P.M., 1992. Graminées du Cameroun, Vol. II, Flore. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 92 - 1, Wageningen, 557p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html. [accessed 08 January 2020]
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Le Bourgeois Th. & Kamga F., 1991. Quelques critères de détermination au stade végétatif des Eragrostis annuels adventices des cultures au Nord-Cameroun. Weed Research, 31, 1 : 59-62.
- Vanden Berghen C., 1983. Matériaux pour une flore de la végétation herbacée de la Casamance occidentale, Sénégal, Fascicule 2, Gramineae. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, 66p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1156566-2
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Eragrostis%2520ciliaris
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Liliopsida |
| Order | Poales |
| Family | Poaceae |
| Genus | Eragrostis |
| Species | Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R.Br. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
