Code
TIUBA
Growth form
broadleaf
Life cycle
perennial
Habitat
Agroforestry
TIUBA
Growth form
broadleaf
Life cycle
perennial
Habitat
Agroforestry
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Bartramia angulata Lam. |
| synonym | Bartramia crispifolia Stokes |
| synonym | Bartramia glandulosa Lam. |
| synonym | Bartramia indica L. |
| synonym | Bartramia lappago Gaertn. |
| synonym | Bartramia rhombifolia Stokes |
| synonym | Triumfetta angulata Lam. |
| synonym | Triumfetta bartramia L. |
| synonym | Triumfetta canacorum Gand. |
| synonym | Triumfetta dembianensis Chiov. |
| synonym | Triumfetta diversifolia E. Mey. |
| synonym | Triumfetta eriocarpa A. St.-Hil. |
| synonym | Triumfetta excisa Urban |
| synonym | Triumfetta glandulosa Forssk. |
| synonym | Triumfetta indica Lam. |
| synonym | Triumfetta lappula Vell. |
| synonym | Triumfetta martiana Turcz. |
| synonym | Triumfetta mauritiana Presl |
| synonym | Triumfetta micropetala Lindl. |
| synonym | Triumfetta mollis Schumach. |
| synonym | Triumfetta rhombeifolia Sw. |
| synonym | Triumfetta rhomboidea var. angulata (Lam.) Bak. |
| synonym | Triumfetta rhomboidea var. glandulosa (Lam.) Bak. |
| synonym | Triumfetta riparia Hochst. |
| synonym | Triumfetta semitriloba Bojer |
| synonym | Triumfetta thonningiana DC. |
| synonym | Triumfetta trilocularis Roxb. |
| synonym | Triumfetta tungarensis K.V. Billore |
| synonym | Triumfetta vahlii Poir. |
| synonym | Triumfetta velutina Sieber ex Presl |
🗒 Common Names
| English |
|
| French |
|
| Malagasy |
|
| Other |
|
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Triumfetta rhomboidea is a perennial, woody, erect, and branched herbaceous plant, reaching 0.5 to 2.5 m high. The leaves are simple, alternate, petiolate, with broadly ovate lamina, palmate venation, quite variable, large and sub circular, more or less bi-lobed at the base, small and oval apex. Flowers, yellow or orange, are grouped in axillary. The fruit is a spherical pubescent capsule covered with hooked spines.
Growth habit
Perennial herbaceous plant, more or less woody, erect with branched stems, stellate pubescence, measuring 50 cm to 2.5 m high.
Underground system
Taproot system.
Stem
The stem is woody, especially towards the base. It has a cylindrical section. Its surface is covered with a short silky pubescence, brownish in colour.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate, variable in size and shape, depending on their position. The lower leaves are bi-lobed and rhombic, large (15 cm long and 10 cm wide), with rounded or wedge-shaped base, and narrowed acute apex. The upper leaves are oval and small. The petiole measures 2-4 cm long. It is bordered with ciliated stipules, 3 to 5 mm long. The lamina is acute at the apex, serrated on the margin, pubescent on both sides.
Inflorescence
The flowers are grouped in axillary glomerules.
Flower
The flowers consist of five sepals, five petals, 15 stamens. They measure 8 mm in diameter and are yellow or orange in colour.
Fruit
The fruit is a globular, indehiscent capsule, densely covered with a pubescence of stellate hairs and glabrous hooked spines. It measures 4-6 mm in diameter.
Seed
The pear-shaped seed measures 2 to 2.5 mm long.
Triumfetta rhomboidea is a perennial, woody, erect, and branched herbaceous plant, reaching 0.5 to 2.5 m high. The leaves are simple, alternate, petiolate, with broadly ovate lamina, palmate venation, quite variable, large and sub circular, more or less bi-lobed at the base, small and oval apex. Flowers, yellow or orange, are grouped in axillary. The fruit is a spherical pubescent capsule covered with hooked spines.
Growth habit
Perennial herbaceous plant, more or less woody, erect with branched stems, stellate pubescence, measuring 50 cm to 2.5 m high.
Underground system
Taproot system.
Stem
The stem is woody, especially towards the base. It has a cylindrical section. Its surface is covered with a short silky pubescence, brownish in colour.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate, variable in size and shape, depending on their position. The lower leaves are bi-lobed and rhombic, large (15 cm long and 10 cm wide), with rounded or wedge-shaped base, and narrowed acute apex. The upper leaves are oval and small. The petiole measures 2-4 cm long. It is bordered with ciliated stipules, 3 to 5 mm long. The lamina is acute at the apex, serrated on the margin, pubescent on both sides.
Inflorescence
The flowers are grouped in axillary glomerules.
Flower
The flowers consist of five sepals, five petals, 15 stamens. They measure 8 mm in diameter and are yellow or orange in colour.
Fruit
The fruit is a globular, indehiscent capsule, densely covered with a pubescence of stellate hairs and glabrous hooked spines. It measures 4-6 mm in diameter.
Seed
The pear-shaped seed measures 2 to 2.5 mm long.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Perenial
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Madagascar: The flowering of Triumfetta rhomboidea occurs towards the end of the rainy season at the beginning of the dry season (February to May).
Mayotte : Triumfetta rhomboidea flowers from April to September and fruits from May to October.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Cyclicity
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Triumfetta rhomboidea is a perennial species with short longevity or sometimes annual that reproduces by seeds. The indehiscent fruits covered with hooked spines are disseminated by animals and humans.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Morphology
Growth form
Erected
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Simple
Type of prefoliation
Leaf ratio medium
Broad leaves
Narrow leaf
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Round
Root type
Taproot
Stipule type
Lanceolate stipule
Leaf attachment type
with petiole
Lamina base
rounded
acute
attenuate
Lamina margin
largely dentate
denticulate
dentate-crenate
Lamina apex
attenuate
acute
Upperface pilosity
Less hairy
Upperface hair type
Pubescent
Stellate
Lowerface pilosity
Dense hairy
Lowerface hair type
Stellate
Simple leaf type
Lamina elliptic
Lamina palmate
Lamina pentalobed
Lamina trilobed
Lamina section
flat
Lamina Veination
Palmate
3 opposite at the basis
Flower color
Yellow
Inflorescence type
Pedonculate glomerule
Condensed spike
Stem pilosity
Dense hairy
Stem hair type
Wooly
Stellate
Pubescent
Life form
Broadleaf plant
Shrub
Look Alikes
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
The vegetative stage of Triumfetta rhomboidea can be mistaken for Urena lobata, whose leaves have a gland at the base of the midrib. This gland is absent in Triumfetta rhomboidea.
Triumfetta rhomboidea can be confused with T. pentandra A. Rich., at the young stage. The latter is rather an annual species, of relatively smaller size; it differs from T. rhomboidea also by its leaves with a largely oval leaf more or less trilobed with toothed margin, of equally variable size.
These two species are also distinguished by the size of the fruits:
- globose fruit 3 to 5 mm in diameter with glabrous prickles with short white hairs between thorns (tomentose) for T. rhomboidea;
- ovoid fruit (2 to 3 mm x 3 to 4 mm) with hairy rpickles for T. pentandra.
Criteria to distinguish several Triumfetta species
| Fruit prickles | Fruit | Stamens | Pilosity of fruit prickle | Espèce |
| Prickle single and hooked | globose 3-5mm indehiscent | 15 | glabrous | T. rhomboidea |
| Prickle single and hooked | 8-10 mm indehiscent | 15 | densely pilose | T. eriophlebia |
| Prickle single and hooked | ovoïde 2- 4 mm indehiscent |
5-13 | ciliate | T. pentandra |
| Prickle single and hooked | globose 10-15 mm dehiscent | 10-12 | T. cordifolia | |
| Prickle single, straight or curved | T. tomentosa T. heudelotii |
|||
| Prickles multiple spines stellately arranged | T. dubia |
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Ecology
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Triumfetta rhomboidea is a common species in cultivated fields and empty plots.
Madagascar: Triumfetta rhomboidea grows on ferralitic and ferruginous soils, more or less humus, low fertility, in sunny places or lightly shaded. It is a weed in extensive cassava cultivation or semi-intensive and fallow lands, roadsides and disturbed areas and crops in wetlands and sub-humid low to medium altitude of the eastern regions, North, Middle and West Highlands.
Mayotte: Triumfetta rhomboidea is a common exotic species in cultivated, grazed and urbanized areas in the three climate zones of the island.
New Caledonia: This species is very common and grows especially in disturbed areas, near inhabited places, crops and pastures up to 600 m altitude.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Agroforestry
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Origin
Triumfetta rhombidea is native to tropical Africa, India, South-East Asia, and Queensland in Australia.
Worldwide distribution
Global distribution of species: Introduced in Central and South America. The species occurs in tropical Africa, southwestern islands of the Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Comoros, Reunion, Mauritius), India, China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia and the Pacific Islands It has been introduced by the middle of the 19th century in New Caledonia.
Triumfetta rhombidea is native to tropical Africa, India, South-East Asia, and Queensland in Australia.
Worldwide distribution
Global distribution of species: Introduced in Central and South America. The species occurs in tropical Africa, southwestern islands of the Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Comoros, Reunion, Mauritius), India, China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia and the Pacific Islands It has been introduced by the middle of the 19th century in New Caledonia.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
Comoros
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Madagascar: Triumfetta rhomboidea is a weed species infrequent and sparse in the cultivations of Madagascar. Rather, it is a ruderal species that sometimes infests certain long cycle culture. This species can be locally abundant in perennial crops with low density and poorly maintained.
Mayotte : Triumfetta rhomboidea is a fairly frequent weed in Mayotte. It is present in 9% of cultivated plots, mainly in fruit and food crops. It grows especially in the center of the island, but it can also be found in the south.
New Caledonia: Triumfetta rhomboidea is considered as a secondary weed of New Caledonian pastures because of a limited nuisance, but it occurs quite frequently and must therefore be monitored. It is rarely large stands.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Food: The mucilaginous leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidea are consumed, especially by young children and women who have just given birth, because of their high energy value.
Medicinal: In traditional medicine Triumfetta rhomboidea is used to treat skin disorders or sometimes dysentery. The roots are used in the treatment of conjunctivitis. The leaves have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. The seeds have powerful purgative virtues.
Other: The bast fibers Triumfetta rhomboidea can be used for making ropes and strings.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Management
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Local control
Madagascar: Only manual weeding is used to control Triumfetta rhomboidea in cultivation systems of cassava and fruits.
New Caledonia: Maintaining a good cover of grasses is enough to compete with Triumfetta rhomboidea. The control methods are identical to those recommended for Sida spcecies. Livestock grazing should be avoided in infested plots during the fruiting period. Herds still coming from these parcels must stay for 4 to 5 days in a quarantine plot. Areas invaded can be rehabilitated by herbicide spraying (2,4-D, picloram) on 2-week-old regrowths after slashing with rotary cutters at the beginning of the rainy season.
Madagascar: Only manual weeding is used to control Triumfetta rhomboidea in cultivation systems of cassava and fruits.
New Caledonia: Maintaining a good cover of grasses is enough to compete with Triumfetta rhomboidea. The control methods are identical to those recommended for Sida spcecies. Livestock grazing should be avoided in infested plots during the fruiting period. Herds still coming from these parcels must stay for 4 to 5 days in a quarantine plot. Areas invaded can be rehabilitated by herbicide spraying (2,4-D, picloram) on 2-week-old regrowths after slashing with rotary cutters at the beginning of the rainy season.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
References
- Fournet, J. 2002. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Cirad, Gondwana éditions, Montpellier, France.
- Okezie Akobundu, I. et Agyakwa, C.W. 1989. Guide des adventices d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Institut international d’agriculture tropicale, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- ANTOINE R., BOSSER J. & FERGUSON I.K., 1987 – FLORE DES MASCAREIGNES : 54 TILIACEES The Sugar Industry Research Institute, Mauritius, ORSTOM, Paris & The Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, p.8-13.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M., Keay, R.W.J., Hepper, F.N. 1958. Flora of west tropical africa. The Whitefriars Press, London & Tonbridge, Great Britain.
- Huat, J., Nagy, M., Carpente, A., Schwartz, M., Le Bourgeois, T. & Marnotte, P. 2021. Guide de la flore spontanée des agrosystèmes de Mayotte. Montpellier, Cirad. 150 p.
- Blanfort, V., F. Desmoulins, J. Prosperi, T. Le Bourgeois, R. Guiglion and P. Grard (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.http://idao.cirad.fr/applications
- MOODY K., 1989 –Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI, Los Banös Philippines, 442 p.
- Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest. ADRAO/WARDA, Bouaké, Côte-d'Ivoire.
Information Listing > References
- Fournet, J. 2002. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Cirad, Gondwana éditions, Montpellier, France.
- Okezie Akobundu, I. et Agyakwa, C.W. 1989. Guide des adventices d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Institut international d’agriculture tropicale, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- ANTOINE R., BOSSER J. & FERGUSON I.K., 1987 – FLORE DES MASCAREIGNES : 54 TILIACEES The Sugar Industry Research Institute, Mauritius, ORSTOM, Paris & The Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, p.8-13.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M., Keay, R.W.J., Hepper, F.N. 1958. Flora of west tropical africa. The Whitefriars Press, London & Tonbridge, Great Britain.
- Huat, J., Nagy, M., Carpente, A., Schwartz, M., Le Bourgeois, T. & Marnotte, P. 2021. Guide de la flore spontanée des agrosystèmes de Mayotte. Montpellier, Cirad. 150 p.
- Blanfort, V., F. Desmoulins, J. Prosperi, T. Le Bourgeois, R. Guiglion and P. Grard (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.http://idao.cirad.fr/applications
- MOODY K., 1989 –Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI, Los Banös Philippines, 442 p.
- Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest. ADRAO/WARDA, Bouaké, Côte-d'Ivoire.
Images
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Triumfetta%2520rhomboidea
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Malvales |
| Family | Malvaceae |
| Genus | Triumfetta |
| Species | Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
