Skip to main content

Azanza garckeana L.: Distribution, Composition, Nutritive Value, and Utilization

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Wild Fruits: Composition, Nutritional Value and Products

Abstract

Tropical fruits having surprisingly incredible characteristics, they can simply eaten naturally and with no additional sugars. Being an imperative source of starch, vitamins, minerals and fibers, tropical fruits create on plants of all habitats. These organic products are an essential source of nutrition and a delectable segment of adjusted eating regimen. Over the world, there are distinctive kinds of tropical fruits developed and exported. The tropical regions are home to an immense assortment of palatable fruits, tubers, and spices. Of the more than 2000 species that are regularly utilized as food in the tropics, just around 40–50 species are outstanding globally. Jakjak or Azanza garckeana is a member of Malvaceae and has other names. Snot apple, Morojwa, African chewing gum Jakjak or Azanza garckeana is a significant consumable indigenous fruit tree species restricted to east and southern Africa. This plant is found in Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe. It is undomesticated by the people in Darfur states (Sudan). It is a vital source of food for nearby individuals there.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdel Muti OMS (2002) Nutritive value of wild plants of the Sudan. Arab J Food Nut 3(3):6–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed RH, El Hassan MS, El Hadi HM (2016) Potential capability of Azanza garckeana fruits aqueous extract on enhancement of iron absorption in Wistar albino rats. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci 3:245–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Al-Shafie JH, Elgharabah WA, Kherfan FA, Qarariah KH, Khdair IS, Soos IS, Musleh AA, Isa BA, Herzallah HM, Khlaif RB, Aiash SM, Swaiti GM, Abuzahra MA, Haj-Ali MM, Saifi NA, Azem HK, Nasrallah HA (2008) Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used in Palestine. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 4:13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amuri B, Maseho M, Simbi L, Okusa P, Duez P, Byanga K (2017) Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of nine medicinal herbs used as antidiabetic in the region of lubumbashi (DR Congo). Phytother Res 31:1029–1033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balemie K, Kebebew F (2006) Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Derashe and Kucha Districts, South Ethiopia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2:53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connelly MPE, Fabiano E, Patel IH, Kinyanjui SM, Mberu EK, Watkins WM (1996) Antimalarial activity in crude extracts of Malawian medicinal plants. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 90:597–602

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dikko YJ, Khan ME, Tor-Anyiin TA, Anyam JV, Linus, UA (2016) In vitro antimicrobial activity of fruit pulp extracts of Azanza garckeana (F. Hoffm.) Exell & Hillc. and isolation of one of its active principles. Betulinic Acid British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 14(1):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Djarova T, Kudanga T, Chirimba F (1998) Quantitative determination of protein, lipids and ascorbic acid in indigenous legumes and fruits of Zimbabwe. Trans Zimbabwe Sci Assoc 72:7–10

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Amin MH (1990) Trees and shrubs of the Sudan. 1stst. Ithaca Press, England, p 106, 400, 451

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1983) Food and Fruit bearing forest species. Examples from eastern Africa. Food and Agricultural Organisation, Forestry Paper 44/1. Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1991) Household food security and forestry an analysis of socio-economic issues. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • http://www.worldagroforestry (2005)

  • Ibrahim HA, Ali SGY, Halliru N, Usaini S, Abdullahi II (2012) Ethnobotanical survey of the wild edible food plants consumption among local communities in Kano State, North – West, Nigeria. Int J Sci Technol 2(10):713–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadzere I, Hove L, Gatsi T, Masarirambi MT, Tapfumaneyi L, Maforimbo E, Magumise I (2002) Current status of post-harvest handling and traditional processing of indigenous fruits in Zimbabwe. Agroforestry Impacts on Livelihoods in Southern Africa: Putting Research into Practice. Is it journal or book?

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalenga MK, de Gasparo M, De Hertogh R, Whitebread S, Vankrieken L, Thomas K (1991) Angiotensin II receptors in the human placenta are type AT1. Reprod Nutr Dev 31:257–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanene KM (2016) Indigenous practices of environmental sustainability in the Tonga community of southern Zambia. Jamba: J Disaster Risk Stud 8:331. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v8i1.331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Letcher RM, Shirley IM (1992) O-Naphthoquinones from the heartwood of Azanza garckeana. Phytochemistry 31:4171–4172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maghembe JA, Kwesiga F, Ngulube M, Prins H, Malaya FM (1994) Domestication potential of indigenous trees of the miombo of southern Africa. In: Leakey RRB, Newton AC (eds) Tropical trees: the potential for domestication and rebuilding of forest resources. HMSO, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Masila VM, Midiwo JO, Zhang J, Gisacho BM, Munayi R et al (2015) Anti-vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis activities of (-)-gossypol and derivatives from Thespesia garckeana. Nat Prod Commun 10:613–616. Check as above reference

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mojeremane W, Tshwenyane SO (2004) Azanza Garckeana: A valuable edible indigenous fruit tree of Botswana. Pak J Nutr 3(5):264–267. Check as above reference

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mshelia EH, Watirahyel EM, Maigari AU, Yohanna C, Ismail F (2016) Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of stem bark extracts of Azanza garckeana (kola of Tula). Eur J Pure Applied Chem 3:16–24. Check as above reference

    Google Scholar 

  • Msuya TS, Kideghesho JR, Mosha TCE (2010) Availability, preference, and consumption of indigenous forest foods in the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania. Ecol Food Nutr 49(3):208–227. Check as above reference

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mutindi MV (2014) Phytochemical investigation of Harrisonia abyssinica and Thespesia garckeana for antiplasmodial and antimicrobial compounds. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Nairobi, Nairobi. Dikko, Y.J., M.E. Khan, T.A. Tor-Anyiin, J.V. Anyam and U.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ndhlala AR, Mupure CH, Chitindingu K, Benhura MAN, Muchuweti M (2006) Antioxidant potentials and degrees of polymerization of six wild fruits. Sci Res Essay 1:87–92. Check as above reference

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngambi JW, Alabi O, Norris D (2013) Role of goats in food security, poverty alleviation and prosperity with special reference to Sub-Saharn Africa: a review. Indian J Anim Res 47(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkafamiya II, Manji AJ, Modibbo UU, Umaru HA (2006) Biochemical evaluation of Cassipoureacongoensis (Tunti) and Nuclea latifolia (Luzzi) fruits. Afr J Biotechnol 5(24):2461–2463

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkafamiya II, Osemeahon SA, Modibbo UU, Amina A (2010) Nutritional status of non conventional leafy vegetables, Ficus asperifolia and Ficus cycomorus. Afr J Food Sci 4:104–108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nkafamiya II, Ardo BP, Osemeahon SA, Akinterinwa A (2015) Evaluation of nutritional, non-nutritional, elemental content and amino acid profile of Azanza garckeana (Goron Tula). Br J Appl Sci Technol 12:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nkafamiya II, Ardo BP, Osemeahon SA, Akinterinwa A (2016) Evaluation of nutritional, non-nutritional, elemental content and amino acid profile of Azanza garckeana (Goron Tula). Br J Appl Sci Technol 12(6):1–10. 2016, Article no.BJAST.19811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogle BM, Tuyet HT, Duyet HN, Dung NNX (2003) Food, feed or medicine: the multiple functions of edible wild plants in Vietnam. Econ Bot 57:103–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omosa LK, Midiwo JO, Masila VM, Gisacho BM, Munayi R et al (2016) Cytotoxicity of 91 Kenyan indigenous medicinal plants towards human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. J Ethnopharmacol 179:177–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osagie AU (1998) Anti-nutritional factors. In: Osagie AU, Offiong YE (eds) Nutritional quality of plant foods. University of Benin Press, Nigeria, pp 221–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Palgrave KC (2000) Trees of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town

    Google Scholar 

  • Saka JDK, Msonthi JD (1994) Nutritional value of edible fruits of indigenous wild trees in Malawi. For Ecol Manag 64:245–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saka J, Msothi JD, Maghembe JA (1994) The nutritional value of edible fruits of indigenous wild trees of Malawi. For Ecol Manag 64:245–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salih NKM, Ali AH (2014) Wild food trees in Eastern Nuba Mountains, Sudan: use, diversity, and threatening factors. J Agric Rural Dev Trop Subtrop 115(1):1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulieman AE, Difa IE, Saleh ZM (2012) The nutritive value of Jakjak (Azanza garkean L.) fruit and it utilization in juice production. Asian J Biol Sci 5(4):209–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor F, Kwerepe B (1995) Towards domestication of some indigenous fruit trees in Botswana. In: Maghembe JA, Ntupanyama Y, Chirwa PW (eds) Improvement of indigenous trees of miombo woodlands of southern Africa. ICRAF, Nairobi

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu SB, Long C, Kennelly EJ (2013) Phytochemistry and health benefits of jaboticaba, an emerging fruit crop from Brazil. Food Res Int 54:148–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YJ, Gan RY, Li S, Zhou Y, Li AN, Xu DP, Li HB (2015) Antioxidant phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Molecules 20:21138–21156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sulieman, A.M.EH. (2019). Azanza garckeana L.: Distribution, Composition, Nutritive Value, and Utilization. In: Mariod, A. (eds) Wild Fruits: Composition, Nutritional Value and Products. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31885-7_30

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics