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A review of systematics studies in the Citrus family (Rutaceae, Sapindales), with emphasis on American groups

  • Systematics, Phylogeny & Floristics - Review Article
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Abstract

The Rutaceae are the largest family in number of species in the order Sapindales, with 162 genera and ca. 2085 species, mainly in (sub)tropical regions. The family is well distributed in the Americas, with 51 genera and 412–415 species, most of them in the tropical America, with 48 genera (46 endemic to this region), and 350–400 species. Forty-nine genera are restricted to America, only Thamnosma (also present in African) and (sub)tropical worldwide Zanthoxylum also occurring in other continents. Growing knowledge about the group, especially along the last 25 years, has led to a great internal rearrangement in the family systematics, mainly due to phylogenetic studies based on molecular data. In addition, studies of group reviews, descriptions of new species, and anatomical, cytogenetic, phytochemical, biogeographic and other studies have greatly expanded the knowledge about the evolution of the group. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of these studies in the Rutaceae, with an emphasis on taxa that occur in the American continent, notably in the Neotropical Region, and indicates groups that still need more in-depth studies, specially in a systematic point of view.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq—for the research productivity fellowship to MG. MG also thanks the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for financial support (Process #2016/06260-2). Cláudio Nicoletti Fraga is acknowledged for providing Erythrochiton brasiliensis image. We thank Carla P. Bruniera and another anonymous reviewer for their critical reading of an earlier version of the manuscript, and Diego Demarco for his technical guidance and support. This study was funded in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil—CAPES (Finance Code 001).

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  1. Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo Câmpus de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil

    Milton Groppo & Laura Fernandes Afonso

  2. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo Câmpus de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil

    José Rubens Pirani

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  1. Milton Groppo
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Conceptualization was contributed by MG and JRP; MG provided funds and prepared figures and table; MG, JRP, and LFA wrote the paper, the later writing specially on anatomy topics. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Milton Groppo.

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Groppo, M., Afonso, L.F. & Pirani, J.R. A review of systematics studies in the Citrus family (Rutaceae, Sapindales), with emphasis on American groups. Braz. J. Bot 45, 181–200 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-021-00784-y

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