Evaluation of Leaf and Root Extracts of Abutilon Indicum Linn. for Antifungal Activity against Some.

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

6

6, September-October 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Evaluation of Leaf and Root Extracts of Abutilon Indicum Linn. for Antifungal Activity against Some. Pathogenic Fungi

ABSTRACT

Weedsareimportantplantsandplayansignificantroleinthefieldof medicine. Weeds are useless by the view of economy but many plants shows antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungi. In presentstudythe Abutilon indicum aweedplantisevaluatedforits antifungal activity against some pathogenic fungi. The effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of leaf and root of Abutilon indicum were applied against Alternaria alternata, Trichoderma korigii, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp.

Theextractwereappliedat100 µg/ml;300 µg/mland500 µg/ml.on the fungi and the inhibition has been recorded as the diameter of mycelial growth using well diffusion method. The ethanolic leaf extractshowedexcellentantimycoticactivityascomparedtoaqueous extract. Compared with control the plant extra performed better at 300 µg/ml. in fungi culture plates and give promising results by significantlyreducingthemycelialgrowth.

KEYWORDS: bryophyte, medicinal, herbal, antibiotic, diseases, phytochemicals, antitumor, habitats, pharmacological

How to cite this paper: HarjinderSingh| Shyam Singh "Evaluation of Leaf and Root Extractsof AbutilonIndicumLinn. for Antifungal Activity against Some. Pathogenic Fungi" Published in International Journal of TrendinScientific Research and Development(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6, October 2022, pp.148-152, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51839.pdf

Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

1. INTRODUCTION

Duringthepresentinvestigationfungiresponsiblefor disease development in plants have be isolated and the effect of the plant extract is tested on that pathogenicfungi(Gautamet.al.2011)1 .

The herbaceous weed plants contain a number of chemical compounds which are responsible for medicinal activity and are called second day metabolites(Gosh,et.al.20052,Ganendra,20123 ,From theancienttimeperiod.Plantbasedproducthasbeen used for health and to cure the diseases. Whenever such plant material is found to be useful, it is taken forfurtherinvestigation.

The Meerut district lies between 28°57' to 29°02' North latitude and 77°40' to 77°45 East in Indo geneticplainsof India. ItissurroundedonNorthby Muzaffarnagar district, in the South by Hapur and Bulandshahr while Ghaziabad and Bagphat from southernandwesternlimits.

The Leaf andRootExtractofaweedplant Abutilon indicum isappliedhereagainstthepathogenicfungi. EvaluationofRootandleafextracteffectisdoneon pathogenicfungi(AnkitSaini2014)10 andevaluation

of Botanicals against post-harvest fungi pathogens affecting certain vegetables of family solanaceae, (ShyamSingh,HarjinderSingh-2022)11Werecarried out.

Abutilon indicum Linn.

The Abutilon indicum Linn belongs to family malvacaefoundthroughoutsubtropicaloftheIndia.

Classification

Acc.toBenthamandHooker

Division – Phanerogams

Class – Dicotyledons

Subclass – Polypetalae

Series -- Thalamiflorae

Order -- Malvales

Family - Malvaceae

Genus - Abutilon Species - indicum

1.

Traditional Uses of Abutilon Indicum

All the parts of Abutilon indicum are used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments (TheAyurvedicPharmacopoeiaofIndia) 6.Theroots oftheplantareconsideredasdemulcent,diuretic,in chestinfectionandarthritis.Theleavesarefoundto begoodforulcerandasafomentationtopainfulparts of the body. The decoction of the leaves is used in toothache, tender gums and internally for inflammation of bladder. The infusion of the root is prescribed in fevers as a cooling medicine and is considered useful in strangury, haematuria and in leprosy.Thebarkisused asfebrifuge,anthelmintic, alexiteric,astringentanddiuretic.Theseedsareused in piles, laxative, expectorant, in chronic cystitis, gleetandgonorrhoea.Traditionallytheplantisused in inflammation, piles, gonorrhoea treatment and as an immune stimulant. Root and bark are used as aphrodisiac,antidiabetic,nervinetonic,anddiuretic. Seeds are used as aphrodisiac and in urinary disorders.Alongwithothertherapeuticapplications, TheAyurvedicPharmacopoeia ofIndiaindicatesthe use of the root in gout, polyuria and haemorrhagic diseasesinhumanbeings.

2. Preparation of the extracts

Ethanol & Water Extracts were prepared with the helpofClevengerapparatus.

Ethanol Leaf and root

Theshadedriedcoarsepowderoftheleavesorroots were added in Clevenger apparatus and were subjected for continuous hot extraction with 99.9% ethanol until the completion of the extraction. The extractwasfilteredwhilehotandtheresultantextract was distilled in vacuum under reduced pressure in order to remove the solvent completely. Dried and kept in a desiccator till experimentation. Obtained extract was weighed and percentage yield was calculated in terms of air-dried powdered crude material.

Aqueous Leaf and Root:

Theshadedriedcoarsepowderoftheleavesorroots wereaddedinClevengerapparatusandwassubjected forcontinuoushotextractionwithdistilledwateruntil the completion of the extraction. The extract was filtered while hot and the resultant extract was distilledinvacuumunderreducedpressureinorderto remove the solvent completely. Dried and kept in a desiccatortillexperimentation.Obtainedextractwas weighedandpercentageyieldwascalculatedinterms ofair-driedpowderedcrudematerial.

Percentageyield= WeightofExtractx100 Weightofpowderdrug

3. Evaluation for Antifungal Activity

Against Pathogenic Fungi: Material required

Std.Drug-Griseofulvin(50µg/ml)

Alcoholic and aqueous extracts at different concentrationwereusedforantifungalstudy(Gautam et.al.2011)7 andJignaParekh,2008)9.Welldiffusion method was used for antifungal screening. The antifungalactivitywasexpressedaszoneofdiameter inmillimetresshownintable.Griseofulvinwasused as standard drug. Used fungal stain names were as follow.

A. Alternaria alternata

B. Trichoderma Korigii

C. Aspergillus flavus

D. Fusarium sp.

of

The Plant of Abutilon indicum Linn. (familyMalvaceae), were collected in the month of August and September from Ganga Nagar Area, Mawana Road,Meerut(U.P)India.Plantwasauthenticatedby Prof R.C. Arya, Department of Botany Meerut College,Meerut(U.P.)

Preparation of medium

3.9gPotato-DextroseAgar(Hi-Media)wasaddedin 100 ml of distilled water along with different concentrations (100µg, 300µg and 500 µg) of alcoholic or aqueous plant extract (which were extracted by Clevenger Method), and finally autoclaved at 15 lb/inch2 for 15 minutes. After autoclavingandcooling(about450C),itwaspoured

intopreviouslysterilizedPetriplates.Thepertplates were inoculated with the apical part of 7 days old experimentalfungalmycelium.AllPetriplateswere keptintotheincubatorchamberat280C.

Preparations of Control Medium:

In controls, first the PDA medium without plant extract and inoculated with same fungus, in second, standardantifungalagent(griseofulvin)attherateof 50µg/mlwasaddedandinoculatedwithsamefungal isolates(Kauskiket.al.2009)8 .

Antifungal Activity

Antifungalactivitywasdeterminedbycomparingthe experimental and control plates (i.e. Diameter of fungi in control plate - diameter of fungi in experimental plate). Zone of inhibition is also expressedbyfollowingformula.

ZOI=(control–experimental)x100

Control

3. Results and Discussion

Yields of various solvents extracts

The Photochemical screening of various extracts obtainedbyextractionusingClevengerapparatus,the yieldsofvariousextractswerefoundasgivenbelow:

Table 1: Extraction values of Abutilon indicum leaf

Extract

Yield (GM) % W/W

AlcoholSolubleExtract 4.4 21.8

WaterSolubleExtract 4.9 24.5

Table 1: Extraction values of Abutilon indicum root

Extract

Yield (GM) % W/W

AlcoholSolubleExtract 3.4 18.8 WaterSolubleExtract 4.15 20.8

Antifungal activity of Leaf Extract:

Fungal Pathogen- alternaria Alternata of Abutilon Indicum, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium Sp., derma Korigii.Std.Drug-Griseofulvin

S. No Fungi

Table 3 Zone of Inhibition in millimeter

Concentrations of alcoholic leaf extract

Concentrations of aqueous leaf extract

Griseo fulvin100 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 300 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 500 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 100 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 300 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 500 µg/ml (ZOI mm)

1. Alternaria Alternata 01 06 14 nil nil Nil 27 2. Trichoderma Konigii 02 08 12 nil nil Nil 25 3. Aspergillus flavus Nil nil nil nil nil Nil 30 4. Fusarium Sp. Nil nil nil nil nil Nil 31 Antifungal activity of Root Extract of Abutilon Indicum

Table4. Zone of Inhibition in millimeter

S. N. Fungi

Concentrations of alcoholic Root extract

Concentrations of aqueous Root extract

Griseo fulvin100 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 300 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 500 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 100 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 300 µg/ml (ZOI mm) 500 µg/ml (ZOI mm)

1. Alternaria Alternata Nil 01 03 nil nil nil 28 2. Trichoderma Konigii Nil 03 04 nil nil nil 27 3. Aspergillus flavus Nil nil nil nil nil nil 29 4. Fusarium Sp. Nil nil nil nil nil nil 31

Theresultofantifungalactivityitmaybeconcludedthatalcoholicleafextracthavepositiveandgoodresponse against Alternaria altenata and Trichoderma Konigii. But the aqueous leaf extract has not shown the any antifungal activitythe aqueous and alcoholic root extract has not shown the effective Antifungal activityof Ablution indicum.

Conclusion

In this studyof Abutilon indicum was extracted by different solvents for finding various constituents present in the plant extract. The % yield alcohol & waterextractofrootwasfoundtobe18.5%&20.5% w/w respectively. The % yield alcohol & water extract of leaf was found to be 21.8%, 24.5% w/w respectively. From the experiment and results of antifungalactivityitmaybeconcludedthatalcoholic leaf extract have positive & good response against AlterneriaalternataandTrichodermakonigii.Butthe aqueous leaf extract has not shown the antifungal activity. In another case the aqueous & alcoholic root extract has not shown the Antifungal activity againstthepathogenicfungi.

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