• Family : APOCYNACEAE
  (Dogbane Family)
• Family (Hindi name) : KARONDA FAMILY (करौंदा फैमिली)
• Family (as per The APG System III) : Apocynaceae
• Synonym(s) : Carissa congesta Wight; Jasminonerium edule (Forssk.) Kuntze; Carissa hirsuta Roth; Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines
• Species Name (as per The IPNI) : Carissa spinarum L.
• Common name : Small carissa
• Vernacular name :
  • Karamarada (Sanskrit)
  • Karonda, Karaunda (Hindi)
  • Palaregi, Kalivi, Chinna kalivi, Chinna vaaka (Telugu)
  • Auka kuli, Ankhu-koli, Dud koli, San karenda, Pham pham mali (Oria)
  • Karamarada (Sanskrit)
  • Sirukilaa (Tamil)
• Habit : Shrub
• Habitat : Found on the Ridge in dry and stony places. Scrub jungles, Tropical dry deciduous forests
• Comments / notes : On plains to 900m in scrub jungles, on degraded slopes. Fruits are pickled and edible when ripe.
• Key identification features : Armed shrub with straight or slightly curved spines. Leaves are simple, thin, and broadly ovate or sub orbicular, up to 2.5 inch long,1.5 inch broad. Inflorescence is a cyme, flowers are white and ciliate. Fruit is a 4 seeded berry.
• Flower, Fruit : February-July
• Collector(s) Name : K. Sankara Rao, Arun Singh, Navendu Page & Raja K. Swamy
• Collection Date : 24/02/2016
• Collection Nos : Stevens 588, CS 1140, HJCB-049
• Collection Locality : Chandaka WLS, Khurda district (OD)
• Distribution :
  • Andhra Pradesh : Anantapur district, Guntur district, Chittoor district, Kurnool district, Srikakulam district
  • Karnataka : Hassan district, Mysuru district, Kodagu (Coorg) district, Udupi district, Davanagare district, Dakshina Kannada district, Uttara Kannada district
  • Kerala : Wayanad district, Palakkad district, Idukki district, Pathanamthitta district, Kollam district, Thiruvananthapuram district
  • Maharashtra : Thane district
  • Odisha : Keonjhar district, Sambalpur district
  • Tamil Nadu : Villipuram district
  • Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand
  • Sikkim : Sikkim
  • Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh
  • Arunachal Pradesh : Arunachal Pradesh
  • Meghalaya : Meghalaya
  • Assam : Assam
  • Nagaland : Nagaland
  • Delhi : Delhi
  • Haryana : Gurgaon district
  • Jammu and Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir
  • Mizoram : Mizoram
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  • Manipur : Manipur
  • Tripura : Tripura
• Native : Aldabra, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Gu
• Exotic/Native : Native
• Endemism : Peninsular India
• World Distribution : Aldabra, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Oman, Pakistan, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Socotra, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
• Conservation Status : Not Evaluated (NE)
• Literature :
  • Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976 - Flora of Hassan district, Karnataka
  • Rao & Razi, 1981 - Mysore
  • Keshava Murthy & Yoganarasimhan, 1990 - Flora of Coorg district, Karnataka state
  • Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2003 - Udupi
  • Manjunath et al., 2003 - Davanagere
  • Gopalakrishna Bhat, 2014 - Flora of South Kanara
  • Pullaiah et al., 2011 - Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol. 4
  • H.O. Saxena & M. Brahmam, 1995- Flora of Orissa Vol. 2
  • R. S. Rao et al., 1986 - Flora of West Godavari District
  • R. S. Rao and S. H. Sreeramulu, 1986 - Flora of Srikakulam District
  • N.P.Singh, 1988. Flora of Eastern Karnataka
  • Matthew, K.M., The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Vol.3 (1). Diocesan Press, Madras. 1983
  • Sasidharan, N. 2011. Flowering plants of Kerala. DVD, V 2, KFRI.
  • Maheshwari K.J (1963). Flora of Delhi: 213
• Read more :
  • Plants of the World Online
  • World Flora Online
  • Global Plants on JSTOR
• Citation : Sankara Rao, K., Deepak Kumar (2024). India Flora Online. http://indiafloraonline-ces.iisc.ac.in/plants.php?name=Carissa spinarum. Downloaded on 7 May 2024.

Botanical Description

Herbarium Specimen(s)

Line Drawings

Field Image(s)

Habitat

India Distribution

World Distribution