Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2010
Assessor/s: Watve, A.
Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Narasimhan, D., Rao, M.L.V., Ravikumar, K. & Kumar, V.S.
Contributors: Molur, S.
Justification: Hygrophila schulli grows widely throughout India, and in large parts of Africa and Indo-china. It is a common plant of waterbodies, can grow in polluted water, forms large stands and easily colonises waterlogged areas. No threats to this species are known, although it is extracted for medicinal use, in India. It is thus categorised as Least Concern.
Conservation Actions: No conservation action has been taken. No specific action is required for such a widespread species with invasive tendencies.
Hygrophila schulli (Hamilt.) M.R. Almeida & S.M. Almeida
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Asteracantha auriculata Nees |
synonym | Asteracantha lindaviana Wildem. & Th. Dur. |
synonym | Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees |
synonym | Asteracantha macracantha Hochst. ex A. Rich. |
synonym | Bahel schulli Hamilton |
synonym | Barleria auriculata Schumach. |
synonym | Barleria cornigera Very ex Nees |
synonym | Barleria glabrata Vahl ex Nees |
synonym | Barleria hexacantha Moris |
synonym | Barleria longiflora L. |
synonym | Barleria spinosa Hook. ex Nees |
synonym | Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine |
synonym | Hygrophila lindaviana (Wildem. & Th. Dur.) Burkill |
synonym | Hygrophila longifolia Kurz |
synonym | Hygrophila schulli var. alba Parmar |
synonym | Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders. |
synonym | Ruellia longifolia (Nees) Roxb. |
synonym | Tenoria undulata Dehnh. |
🗒 Common Names
Bengali |
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English |
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Hindi |
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Kannada |
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Konkani |
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Malayalam |
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Marathi |
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Other |
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Sanskrit |
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Tamil |
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Telugu |
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📚 Overview
Brief
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Flowering class: Dicot
Habit: Herb
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Habit: Herb
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Subshrubs, strigose-hispid, with sharp thorns. Leaves in whorls of 8, unequal, 6-10 x 2-4 cm, linear-lanceolate, apex acute, base cuneate, margins dentate and wavy, larger pair, sessile. Thorns 2-3 cm long, axillary. Flowers in axillary whorls; bracts and bracteoles leafy, 1.2 cm long; calyx lobes 4, larger lobe 1 cm long; corolla pink, 1.5 cm long, bilipped, lobes obtuse, ciliate. Capsule 1 cm long; seeds orbicular, 3 mm across.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Miscellaneous Details
Hygrophila schulli has been put under various genera in the past. The name was published by M. R. Almeida & S. M. Almeida in the Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 83(suppl.):221 in 1987.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Notes: Moist localities
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Freshwater
Habitat and Ecology: It is a common species in most wetlands, freshwater as well as brackish. It has invasive tendencies and at times forms pure growth in polluted waterbodies such as drainage channels, open gutters etc.
Systems: Terrestrial; Freshwater
List of Habitats: 5, 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.14, 14, 14.4, 14.5, 15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.6,15.9,
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Paddy fields and other moist localities
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Maharashtra: Common throughout
Kerala: All districts
Tamil Nadu: All districts
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Range Description: Hygrophila schulli is found in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indo-China, Malaysia and in large parts of Africa.
Countries - Native: Bangladesh; Cambodia; Cameroon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; India; Malaysia; Mali; Myanmar; Nepal; Nigeria; Pakistan; Senegal; South Africa; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Swaziland; Thailand; Togo; Viet Nam
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global Distribution
India, Myanmar and Indo-China
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Trends
Population: Although no specific study has been carried out on this species, the populations are large, the plant is often reported as very common, with invasive tendencies based on observations within India. It has not been reported as threatened from any country.
Population Trend: Unknown
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Category
Least Concern
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2010
Assessor/s: Watve, A.
Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Narasimhan, D., Rao, M.L.V., Ravikumar, K. & Kumar, V.S.
Contributors: Molur, S.
Justification: Hygrophila schulli grows widely throughout India, and in large parts of Africa and Indo-china. It is a common plant of waterbodies, can grow in polluted water, forms large stands and easily colonises waterlogged areas. No threats to this species are known, although it is extracted for medicinal use, in India. It is thus categorised as Least Concern.
Conservation Actions: No conservation action has been taken. No specific action is required for such a widespread species with invasive tendencies.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
Attributions | IUCN and ZOO 2011 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda
Folk medicine
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda, Folk medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1158
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1158 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Medicinal
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1158
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
- Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
- IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Karthikeyan, S. and Prasanna, P.V. 2001. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledons. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Calcutta.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2415. (Accessed: 14 January 2010).; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland: Provides characterization, evaluation, inventory, and distribution data important for the effective management and utilization of national germplasm collections. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26076. (Accessed: 21 May).
- Citation: Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
- Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
- IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Karthikeyan, S. and Prasanna, P.V. 2001. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledons. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Calcutta.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2415. (Accessed: 14 January 2010).; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland: Provides characterization, evaluation, inventory, and distribution data important for the effective management and utilization of national germplasm collections. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26076. (Accessed: 21 May).
- Barleria longifolia L., Cent. Pl. 2: t. 22. 1756, non Hygrophila longifolia Nees 1847.
- Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 90. 1832; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 408. 1884; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1015(712). 1924.
- Bahell schulli Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 289. 1825.
- Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M. R. & S. M. Almeida, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(Suppl.): 221. 1986; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 583. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 42. 1991; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 340. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 502. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 229. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 380. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 539. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 614. 2009.
- Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine, Kew Bull. 16: 172. 1962; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 224. 1982; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 281. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 338. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 301. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 350. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 347. 1994.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
Information Listing > References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1158
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
- Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
- IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Karthikeyan, S. and Prasanna, P.V. 2001. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledons. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Calcutta.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2415. (Accessed: 14 January 2010).; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland: Provides characterization, evaluation, inventory, and distribution data important for the effective management and utilization of national germplasm collections. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26076. (Accessed: 21 May).
- Citation: Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
- Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
- IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Karthikeyan, S. and Prasanna, P.V. 2001. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledons. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Calcutta.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2415. (Accessed: 14 January 2010).; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland: Provides characterization, evaluation, inventory, and distribution data important for the effective management and utilization of national germplasm collections. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26076. (Accessed: 21 May).
- Barleria longifolia L., Cent. Pl. 2: t. 22. 1756, non Hygrophila longifolia Nees 1847.
- Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 90. 1832; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 408. 1884; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1015(712). 1924.
- Bahell schulli Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 289. 1825.
- Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M. R. & S. M. Almeida, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(Suppl.): 221. 1986; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 583. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 42. 1991; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 340. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 502. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 229. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 380. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 539. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 614. 2009.
- Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine, Kew Bull. 16: 172. 1962; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 224. 1982; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 281. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 338. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 301. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 350. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 347. 1994.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Lamiales |
Family | Acanthaceae |
Genus | Hygrophila |
Species | Hygrophila schulli (Hamilt.) M.R. Almeida & S.M. Almeida |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations