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Hygrophila schulli (Hamilt.) M.R. Almeida & S.M. Almeida

Accepted
Hygrophila schulli (Hamilt.) M.R. Almeida & S.M. Almeida
/7c88176a-fef8-43ea-ad7b-f617f6914bdb/776.JPG
🗒 Synonyms
synonymAsteracantha auriculata Nees
synonymAsteracantha lindaviana Wildem. & Th. Dur.
synonymAsteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees
synonymAsteracantha macracantha Hochst. ex A. Rich.
synonymBahel schulli Hamilton
synonymBarleria auriculata Schumach.
synonymBarleria cornigera Very ex Nees
synonymBarleria glabrata Vahl ex Nees
synonymBarleria hexacantha Moris
synonymBarleria longiflora L.
synonymBarleria spinosa Hook. ex Nees
synonymHygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine
synonymHygrophila lindaviana (Wildem. & Th. Dur.) Burkill
synonymHygrophila longifolia Kurz
synonymHygrophila schulli var. alba Parmar
synonymHygrophila spinosa T. Anders.
synonymRuellia longifolia (Nees) Roxb.
synonymTenoria undulata Dehnh.
🗒 Common Names
Bengali
  • স্হুলমর্দন Shulamardan
English
  • Long leaved barleria
  • Marsh Barbel
Hindi
  • Gokula Kanta
  • Kantakalia
Kannada
  • Kalavankabija
  • Kolavalike
  • Kolavanke
Konkani
  • Kalaso
Malayalam
  • Bahelsohulli
  • Chulli
  • Culli
  • Neermully
  • Vayalchulli
  • Voyal-chullai
Marathi
  • कोळशिंदा Kolshinda
  • कोळिसा Kolisa
  • तालीमखाना Talimkhana
Other
  • Marsh Barbel
  • Neermulli
Sanskrit
  • Shrinkhali
  • कोकिलाक्ष Kokilaksha
Tamil
  • நீர்முள்ளி Nirmulli
Telugu
  • కోకిలాక్షకము Kokilaksakamu
  • నీతి గొబ్బి Niti Gobbi
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2010 Assessor/s: Watve, A. Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Narasimhan, D., Rao, M.L.V., Ravikumar, K. & Kumar, V.S. Contributors: Molur, S. Justification: Hygrophila schulli grows widely throughout India, and in large parts of Africa and Indo-china. It is a common plant of waterbodies, can grow in polluted water, forms large stands and easily colonises waterlogged areas. No threats to this species are known, although it is extracted for medicinal use, in India. It is thus categorised as Least Concern. Conservation Actions: No conservation action has been taken. No specific action is required for such a widespread species with invasive tendencies.
IUCN and ZOO 2011
AttributionsIUCN and ZOO 2011
Contributors
Sanjay Molur
StatusUNDER_CREATION
LicensesCC_BY
References
    Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Herb
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors
    StatusUNDER_CREATION
    LicensesCC_BY
    References
      Diagnostic Keys
      Description
      Habit: Herb
      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      AttributionsG. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Contributors
      StatusUNDER_CREATION
      LicensesCC_BY
      References
        Subshrubs, strigose-hispid, with sharp thorns. Leaves in whorls of 8, unequal, 6-10 x 2-4 cm, linear-lanceolate, apex acute, base cuneate, margins dentate and wavy, larger pair, sessile. Thorns 2-3 cm long, axillary. Flowers in axillary whorls; bracts and bracteoles leafy, 1.2 cm long; calyx lobes 4, larger lobe 1 cm long; corolla pink, 1.5 cm long, bilipped, lobes obtuse, ciliate. Capsule 1 cm long; seeds orbicular, 3 mm across.
        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Contributors
        StatusUNDER_CREATION
        LicensesCC_BY
        References
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: September-April
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors
          StatusUNDER_CREATION
          LicensesCC_BY
          References
            Miscellaneous Details
            Hygrophila schulli has been put under various genera in the past. The name was published by M. R. Almeida & S. M. Almeida in the Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 83(suppl.):221 in 1987.
            IUCN and ZOO 2011
            AttributionsIUCN and ZOO 2011
            Contributors
            StatusUNDER_CREATION
            LicensesCC_BY
            References
              Notes: Moist localities
              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              AttributionsG. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Contributors
              StatusUNDER_CREATION
              LicensesCC_BY
              References
                No Data
                📚 Habitat and Distribution
                General Habitat

                Habitat

                Terrestrial
                Terrestrial
                Freshwater
                Freshwater
                Habitat and Ecology: It is a common species in most wetlands, freshwater as well as brackish. It has invasive tendencies and at times forms pure growth in polluted waterbodies such as drainage channels, open gutters etc. Systems: Terrestrial; Freshwater List of Habitats: 5, 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.14, 14, 14.4, 14.5, 15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.6,15.9,
                IUCN and ZOO 2011
                AttributionsIUCN and ZOO 2011
                Contributors
                StatusUNDER_CREATION
                LicensesCC_BY
                References
                  Paddy fields and other moist localities
                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Contributors
                  StatusUNDER_CREATION
                  LicensesCC_BY
                  References
                    Description
                    Maharashtra: Common throughout Kerala: All districts Tamil Nadu: All districts
                    G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    AttributionsG. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Contributors
                    StatusUNDER_CREATION
                    LicensesCC_BY
                    References
                      Range Description: Hygrophila schulli is found in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indo-China, Malaysia and in large parts of Africa. Countries - Native: Bangladesh; Cambodia; Cameroon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; India; Malaysia; Mali; Myanmar; Nepal; Nigeria; Pakistan; Senegal; South Africa; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Swaziland; Thailand; Togo; Viet Nam
                      IUCN and ZOO 2011
                      AttributionsIUCN and ZOO 2011
                      Contributors
                      StatusUNDER_CREATION
                      LicensesCC_BY
                      References
                        Global Distribution

                        India, Myanmar and Indo-China

                        Indian distribution

                        State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                        AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                        Contributors
                        StatusUNDER_CREATION
                        LicensesCC_BY
                        References
                          No Data
                          📚 Occurrence
                          No Data
                          📚 Demography and Conservation
                          Trends
                          Population: Although no specific study has been carried out on this species, the populations are large, the plant is often reported as very common, with invasive tendencies based on observations within India. It has not been reported as threatened from any country. Population Trend: Unknown
                          IUCN and ZOO 2011
                          AttributionsIUCN and ZOO 2011
                          Contributors
                          StatusUNDER_CREATION
                          LicensesCC_BY
                          References
                            Conservation Status
                            Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2010 Assessor/s: Watve, A. Reviewer/s: Juffe Bignoli, D., Narasimhan, D., Rao, M.L.V., Ravikumar, K. & Kumar, V.S. Contributors: Molur, S. Justification: Hygrophila schulli grows widely throughout India, and in large parts of Africa and Indo-china. It is a common plant of waterbodies, can grow in polluted water, forms large stands and easily colonises waterlogged areas. No threats to this species are known, although it is extracted for medicinal use, in India. It is thus categorised as Least Concern. Conservation Actions: No conservation action has been taken. No specific action is required for such a widespread species with invasive tendencies.
                            IUCN and ZOO 2011
                            AttributionsIUCN and ZOO 2011
                            Contributors
                            StatusUNDER_CREATION
                            LicensesCC_BY
                            References
                              Threats
                              Major Threat (s): No threats to this species are known. It grows in any waterbody, even in polluted water.
                              IUCN and ZOO 2011
                              AttributionsIUCN and ZOO 2011
                              Contributors
                              StatusUNDER_CREATION
                              LicensesCC_BY
                              References
                                No Data
                                📚 Uses and Management
                                Uses

                                System of Medicines Used In

                                Ayurveda
                                Ayurveda
                                Folk medicine
                                Folk medicine
                                System Of Medicines Used In

                                Ayurveda, Folk medicine

                                FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1158
                                AttributionsFRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1158
                                Contributors
                                StatusUNDER_CREATION
                                LicensesCC_BY
                                References
                                  Medicinal
                                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                  AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                  Contributors
                                  StatusUNDER_CREATION
                                  LicensesCC_BY
                                  References
                                    No Data
                                    📚 Information Listing
                                    References
                                    1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1158
                                    1. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
                                    2. Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
                                    3. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
                                    4. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
                                    5. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Karthikeyan, S. and Prasanna, P.V. 2001. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledons. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Calcutta.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2415. (Accessed: 14 January 2010).; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland: Provides characterization, evaluation, inventory, and distribution data important for the effective management and utilization of national germplasm collections. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26076. (Accessed: 21 May).
                                    6. Citation: Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
                                    7. Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
                                    8. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Karthikeyan, S. and Prasanna, P.V. 2001. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledons. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Calcutta.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2415. (Accessed: 14 January 2010).; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland: Provides characterization, evaluation, inventory, and distribution data important for the effective management and utilization of national germplasm collections. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26076. (Accessed: 21 May).
                                    1. Barleria longifolia L., Cent. Pl. 2: t. 22. 1756, non Hygrophila longifolia Nees 1847.
                                    2. Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 90. 1832; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 408. 1884; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1015(712). 1924.
                                    3. Bahell schulli Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 289. 1825.
                                    4. Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M. R. & S. M. Almeida, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(Suppl.): 221. 1986; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 583. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 42. 1991; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 340. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 502. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 229. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 380. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 539. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 614. 2009.
                                    5. Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine, Kew Bull. 16: 172. 1962; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 224. 1982; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 281. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 338. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 301. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 350. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 347. 1994.
                                    1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                    Information Listing > References
                                    1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1158
                                    2. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/conservation-actions-classification-scheme-ver2
                                    3. Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
                                    4. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme
                                    5. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
                                    6. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Karthikeyan, S. and Prasanna, P.V. 2001. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledons. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Calcutta.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2415. (Accessed: 14 January 2010).; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland: Provides characterization, evaluation, inventory, and distribution data important for the effective management and utilization of national germplasm collections. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26076. (Accessed: 21 May).
                                    7. Citation: Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
                                    8. Watve, A. 2010. Hygrophila schulli. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 October 2011
                                    9. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).; Karthikeyan, S. and Prasanna, P.V. 2001. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledons. Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Calcutta.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; Pullaiah, T. 2006. Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency publications, New Delhi.; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2415. (Accessed: 14 January 2010).; USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. Beltsville, Maryland: Provides characterization, evaluation, inventory, and distribution data important for the effective management and utilization of national germplasm collections. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26076. (Accessed: 21 May).
                                    10. Barleria longifolia L., Cent. Pl. 2: t. 22. 1756, non Hygrophila longifolia Nees 1847.
                                    11. Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 90. 1832; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 408. 1884; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1015(712). 1924.
                                    12. Bahell schulli Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 289. 1825.
                                    13. Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M. R. & S. M. Almeida, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(Suppl.): 221. 1986; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 583. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 42. 1991; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 340. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 502. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 229. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 380. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 539. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 614. 2009.
                                    14. Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine, Kew Bull. 16: 172. 1962; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 224. 1982; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 281. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 338. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 301. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 350. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 347. 1994.
                                    15. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                    No Data
                                    📚 Meta data
                                    🐾 Taxonomy
                                    📊 Temporal Distribution
                                    📷 Related Observations
                                    👥 Groups
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