Flowering class: Dicot
Habit: Shrub to Small Tree
Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Canthium chinense Pers. |
synonym | Canthium coronatum Lam. |
synonym | Ceriscus malabaricus Gaertn. |
synonym | Gardenia dumetorum Retz. |
synonym | Gardenia dumosa Salisb. |
synonym | Gardenia floribunda Roxb., nom. nud. |
synonym | Gardenia glabra R.Br. ex Wall., nom. nud. |
synonym | Gardenia latifolia Schltdl. ex Hook.f., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Gardenia spinosa L.f., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Gardenia stipularis Rottler |
synonym | Genipa dumetorum (Retz.) Baill. |
synonym | Narega coduva Raf. |
synonym | Posoqueria dumetorum (Retz.) Willd. ex Roxb. |
synonym | Posoqueria floribunda Roxb. |
synonym | Randia brandisii Gamble, nom. illeg. |
synonym | Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir. |
synonym | Randia floribunda (Roxb.) DC. |
synonym | Randia lachnosiphonium Hochst. |
synonym | Randia oxypetala Lindl. |
synonym | Randia rottleri Wight & Arn. |
synonym | Randia spinosa (Thunb.) Poir. |
synonym | Randia stipulosa Miq. |
synonym | Randia tomentosa Wight & Arn. |
synonym | Randia uniflora Regel |
synonym | Solena dumetorum (Retz.) D.Dietr. |
synonym | Solena floribunda (Roxb.) D.Dietr. |
synonym | Solena longispina D.Dietr. |
synonym | Solena nutans D.Dietr. |
synonym | Xeromphis retzii Raf. |
synonym | Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay |
🗒 Common Names
Assamese |
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Bengali |
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English |
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Gujarati |
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Hindi |
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Irula |
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Kannada |
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Malayalam |
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Marathi |
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Oriya |
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Other |
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Sanskrit |
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Tamil |
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Telugu |
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📚 Overview
Description
Small trees with small straight axillary spines. Leaves opposite on short lateral branchlets, to 4.5 x 2 cm, obovate, obtuse, tomentose below, petiolate; stipule ovate, cuspidate. Flowers solitary, terminal on lateral branches, pedicellate; calyx tube 5 mm long, lobes obovate, hispid; corolla tube 6 mm long, broad, densely villous at the base inside; lobes 5, 12 mm long, obovate, twisted, white; stamens 5, anthers sessile at the mouth of the corolla; ovary 2-6-celled; ovules many; style 12 mm long, stout; stigma fusiform, ribbed. Fruit an obovoid berry, 4 x 3 cm, glabrous; seeds many, embedded in pulp.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habit: Tree
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habit: A large shrub, upto 4m.
Keystone Foundation
Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Morphology
Flower
In axillary fascicles or solitary; white turning yellow. Flowering from January-July.
Fruit
A globose berry; yellow, with a crown of enlarged calyx-lobes; seeds numerous, smooth, embedded in fleshy pulp.
Field tips
Stem with 2cm long spines.
Leaf Arrangement
Opposite-decussate
Leaf Type
Simple
Leaf Shape
Obovate-spathulate
Leaf Apex
Obtusely apiculate
Leaf Base
Cuneate-attenuate
Leaf Margin
Entire
Keystone Foundation
Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Hilly areas
Moist deciduous forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
India: Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra, Odisha
Local Distribution
Kamrup, Darrang, Goalpara, Nagaon, Dima Hasao
Global Distribution
Tropical Asia and Africa
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Kottayam, Kasaragode, Kollam, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Malappuram, Kannur, Kozhikkode, Thrissur, Wayanad
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Maharashtra: Common throughout
Kerala: Idukki, Kannur, Kasaragod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode,Malapuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thrissur
Tamil Nadu: All districts
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Found in foothill scrub jungles to 500m. Common. India, Sri Lanka, East tropical Africa and Malesia.
Keystone Foundation
Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Medicinal
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
The branches are used for thorn fences. Leaves used to prepare medicine for fever. Roots mixed with oil applied for relief from body pains.
Keystone Foundation
Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
- Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir. var. floribunda (DC.) Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 616(434). 1921; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 266. 2005.
- Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. 28: 37. 1958; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 181. 1995.
- Randia brandisii Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 616(434). 1921, nom. illeg.; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 266. 2005.
- Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng., Adansonia 35: 13. 1978; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 132. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 206. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 187. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 130. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 213. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 189. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 320. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 230. 1990; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 18, 33; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 218. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 147. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 318. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 170. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 147. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 415. 2009.
- Gardenia spinosa Thunb., Diss. Gard. 7: 16. t.2. f.4. 1780.
- Gardenia dumetorum Retz., Obs. Bot. 2: 14. 1781.
- Randia spinosa (Thunb.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 2:329.1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3:110.1880.
Information Listing > References
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
- Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir. var. floribunda (DC.) Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 616(434). 1921; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 266. 2005.
- Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. 28: 37. 1958; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 181. 1995.
- Randia brandisii Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 616(434). 1921, nom. illeg.; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 266. 2005.
- Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng., Adansonia 35: 13. 1978; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 132. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 206. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 187. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 130. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 213. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 189. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 320. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 230. 1990; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 18, 33; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 218. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 147. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 318. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 170. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 147. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 415. 2009.
- Gardenia spinosa Thunb., Diss. Gard. 7: 16. t.2. f.4. 1780.
- Gardenia dumetorum Retz., Obs. Bot. 2: 14. 1781.
- Randia spinosa (Thunb.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 2:329.1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3:110.1880.
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🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Gentianales |
Family | Rubiaceae |
Genus | Catunaregam |
Species | Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations