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Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.

Accepted
Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.
Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.
/Catunaregam_spinosa/Catunaregam_spinosa_2.tif.JPG
/Catunaregam_spinosa/Catunaregam_spinosa.tif.JPG
🗒 Synonyms
synonymCanthium chinense Pers.
synonymCanthium coronatum Lam.
synonymCeriscus malabaricus Gaertn.
synonymGardenia dumetorum Retz.
synonymGardenia dumosa Salisb.
synonymGardenia floribunda Roxb., nom. nud.
synonymGardenia glabra R.Br. ex Wall., nom. nud.
synonymGardenia latifolia Schltdl. ex Hook.f., nom. illeg.
synonymGardenia spinosa L.f., nom. illeg.
synonymGardenia stipularis Rottler
synonymGenipa dumetorum (Retz.) Baill.
synonymNarega coduva Raf.
synonymPosoqueria dumetorum (Retz.) Willd. ex Roxb.
synonymPosoqueria floribunda Roxb.
synonymRandia brandisii Gamble, nom. illeg.
synonymRandia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir.
synonymRandia floribunda (Roxb.) DC.
synonymRandia lachnosiphonium Hochst.
synonymRandia oxypetala Lindl.
synonymRandia rottleri Wight & Arn.
synonymRandia spinosa (Thunb.) Poir.
synonymRandia stipulosa Miq.
synonymRandia tomentosa Wight & Arn.
synonymRandia uniflora Regel
synonymSolena dumetorum (Retz.) D.Dietr.
synonymSolena floribunda (Roxb.) D.Dietr.
synonymSolena longispina D.Dietr.
synonymSolena nutans D.Dietr.
synonymXeromphis retzii Raf.
synonymXeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay
🗒 Common Names
Assamese
  • Behmona
  • Bihmona
  • Bior-moin
  • Gurol
  • Kotoha-bih
  • Mona
Bengali
  • Karhar
  • Mainphal
English
  • Common emetic
  • Common emetic nut
  • Emetic nut
  • Mountain Pomegranate
Gujarati
  • મીંઢળ Mindhal
Hindi
  • मैनफल Mainphal
Irula
  • Kaarai
Kannada
  • ಕಾರೆಕಾಯಿ ಗಿಡ Kaarekaayi-gida
  • ಮಗ್ಗಾರೆ Maggaare
Malayalam
  • Kara
  • Karachulli
  • Karalikkaya
  • Kattunaranna
  • Malankkara
  • മലങ്കാര Malankaara
Marathi
  • खाजकांदा Khajkanda
  • गेळ Gela
  • पेरअळू Peralu
Oriya
  • Palova
  • Patova
Other
  • Diengmakasing-khlaw
  • False Guava
  • Gehela
  • Gel
  • Kaalagam
  • Madukaarai
  • Marakkaalai
  • Marakkala
  • Mountain Pomegranate
  • Poongarai
  • Spiny Randia
  • Thorny Bone-apple
  • मैनफल Mainphal
Sanskrit
  • पिंड Pinda
  • मदन Madan
  • शल्पक Shalpaka
Tamil
  • Attadikaarai
  • Maalankaarai
  • Maarivalam
  • Marakkalam
  • Mathukkaarai
  • மதுக்காரை Matukkarai
  • மருக் காண Mruk Kana
  • முள்ளுக்காரை Mullukkarai
Telugu
  • పిండీతకము Pinditakamu
  • మంగ Manga
  • మందాచెట్టు Mandacettu
  • మ్రంగ Mranga
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Shrub to Small Tree
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Small trees with small straight axillary spines. Leaves opposite on short lateral branchlets, to 4.5 x 2 cm, obovate, obtuse, tomentose below, petiolate; stipule ovate, cuspidate. Flowers solitary, terminal on lateral branches, pedicellate; calyx tube 5 mm long, lobes obovate, hispid; corolla tube 6 mm long, broad, densely villous at the base inside; lobes 5, 12 mm long, obovate, twisted, white; stamens 5, anthers sessile at the mouth of the corolla; ovary 2-6-celled; ovules many; style 12 mm long, stout; stigma fusiform, ribbed. Fruit an obovoid berry, 4 x 3 cm, glabrous; seeds many, embedded in pulp.
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Habit: A large shrub, upto 4m.
      Keystone Foundation
      Attributions Keystone Foundation
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Habit: Tree
        G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
        Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: April-December
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Morphology
            Flower

            In axillary fascicles or solitary; white turning yellow. Flowering from January-July.

            Fruit

            A globose berry; yellow, with a crown of enlarged calyx-lobes; seeds numerous, smooth, embedded in fleshy pulp.

            Field tips

            Stem with 2cm long spines.

            Leaf Arrangement

            Opposite-decussate

            Leaf Type

            Simple

            Leaf Shape

            Obovate-spathulate

            Leaf Apex

            Obtusely apiculate

            Leaf Base

            Cuneate-attenuate

            Leaf Margin

            Entire

            Keystone Foundation
            Attributions Keystone Foundation
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Miscellaneous Details
              Notes: Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests
              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                No Data
                📚 Habitat and Distribution
                General Habitat
                Moist deciduous forests
                Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  Hilly areas
                  Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                  Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Description
                    Global Distribution

                    Tropical Asia and Africa

                    Indian distribution

                    State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Kottayam, Kasaragode, Kollam, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Malappuram, Kannur, Kozhikkode, Thrissur, Wayanad

                    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Maharashtra: Common throughout Kerala: Idukki, Kannur, Kasaragod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode,Malapuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thrissur Tamil Nadu: All districts
                      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Found in foothill scrub jungles to 500m. Common. India, Sri Lanka, East tropical Africa and Malesia.
                        Keystone Foundation
                        Attributions Keystone Foundation
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          Global Distribution

                          India: Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra, Odisha

                          Local Distribution

                          Kamrup, Darrang, Goalpara, Nagaon, Dima Hasao

                          Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                          Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            No Data
                            📚 Occurrence
                            No Data
                            📚 Uses and Management
                            Uses
                            Medicinal
                            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                            Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              The branches are used for thorn fences. Leaves used to prepare medicine for fever. Roots mixed with oil applied for relief from body pains.
                              Keystone Foundation
                              Attributions Keystone Foundation
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                Folklore
                                Indigenous Information: Fruits are used as fish poison.
                                Keystone Foundation
                                Attributions Keystone Foundation
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY
                                References 
                                  No Data
                                  📚 Information Listing
                                  References
                                  1. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir. var. floribunda (DC.) Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 616(434). 1921; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 266. 2005.
                                  2. Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. 28: 37. 1958; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 181. 1995.
                                  3. Randia brandisii Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 616(434). 1921, nom. illeg.; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 266. 2005.
                                  4. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng., Adansonia 35: 13. 1978; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 132. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 206. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 187. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 130. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 213. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 189. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 320. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 230. 1990; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 18, 33; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 218. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 147. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 318. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 170. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 147. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 415. 2009.
                                  5. Gardenia spinosa Thunb., Diss. Gard. 7: 16. t.2. f.4. 1780.
                                  6. Gardenia dumetorum Retz., Obs. Bot. 2: 14. 1781.
                                  7. Randia spinosa (Thunb.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 2:329.1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3:110.1880.
                                  1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                  Information Listing > References
                                  1. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir. var. floribunda (DC.) Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 616(434). 1921; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 266. 2005.
                                  2. Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. 28: 37. 1958; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 181. 1995.
                                  3. Randia brandisii Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 616(434). 1921, nom. illeg.; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 266. 2005.
                                  4. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng., Adansonia 35: 13. 1978; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 132. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 206. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 187. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 130. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 213. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 189. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 320. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 230. 1990; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 18, 33; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 218. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 147. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 318. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 170. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 147. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 415. 2009.
                                  5. Gardenia spinosa Thunb., Diss. Gard. 7: 16. t.2. f.4. 1780.
                                  6. Gardenia dumetorum Retz., Obs. Bot. 2: 14. 1781.
                                  7. Randia spinosa (Thunb.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 2:329.1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3:110.1880.
                                  8. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987

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                                  No Data
                                  📚 Meta data
                                  No Data
                                  🐾 Taxonomy
                                  RootRoot
                                  KingdomPlantae
                                  PhylumTracheophyta
                                  ClassMagnoliopsida
                                  OrderGentianales
                                  FamilyRubiaceae
                                  GenusCatunaregam
                                  SpeciesCatunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.
                                  📊 Temporal Distribution
                                  📷 Related Observations
                                  👥 Groups
                                  India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                  TreesIndiaTreesIndia
                                  The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                  PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                  Assam Biodiversity PortalAssam Biodiversity Portal
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