Subcanopy trees in wet evergreen forests between 100 and 1200 m.
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Crantzia bilocularis Kuntze |
| synonym | Dipetalum biloculare Dalz. |
| synonym | Toddalia bilocularis Wight & Arn. |
🗒 Common Names
| Malayalam |
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| Other |
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📚 Overview
Summary
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Fruiting branch
Habit
Large trees up to 16 m tall.
Trunk\bark
Bark large corky lenticellate; blaze cream with orange speckels.
Branchlets
Branchlets terete, glabrous.
Leaves
Leaves compound, trifoliate, alternate, spiral; rachis canaliculate in cross section, pulvinate, glabrous; petiolule 0.3-1.5 cm long, planoconvex in cross section; leaflets 7.6-25.4 x 3.8-10.2 cm, narrow elliptic, apex long acuminate with blunt tip, base slightly attenuate, margin entire, coriaceous; midrib nearly flat above; intramarginal nerves present; secondary nerves nearly straight parallel; tertiary nerves usually admedialy ramified.
Flowers
Inflorescence panicles, terminal or axillary; flowers unisexual, dioecious, sessile.
Fruit& seed
Berry, fleshy, globose, 2 celled, gland dotted; seeds 1-2 per cell.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Evergreen dioecious trees, to 25 m high, bark 4-6 mm thick, surface yellowish-grey, brittle; blaze dull yellow. Leaves trifoliate, alternate, estipulate; rachis 2-10 cm long, slender, swollen at base, grooved above, glabrous, lamina 7-25 x 3-10 cm, elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblanceolate, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-obovate, base acute, cuneate or rarely oblique, apex acuminate, margin entire, revolute, glabrous, pellucid-gland dotted, coriaceous; lateral nerves parallel, close, intramarginal nerve present, slender, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers unisexual, 5-6 mm across, yellow, in axillary and terminal panicles; male flowers: calyx small, saucer-shaped, 2-3 lobed; petals 2-4, free, orbicular, glandular, glabrous, imbricate; stamens 6, inserted under the disc, exserted, equal; filaments broad at base; anthers ovate; pistillodes cylindric, 2-cleft above, glabrous; female flowers: sepals and petals as in male flowers; staminodes rudimentary; ovary superior, globose, 2-4-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; stigma capitate. Fruit a berry, globose, 2-celled, fleshy, glandular; seeds 2, planoconvex, brownish.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Habit: Prickly Shrub
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Ecology
Subcanopy trees in wet evergreen forests between 100 and 1200 m.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Western Ghats, Evergreen Forests
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Karnataka: Coorg, Mysore, Shimoga
Kerala: Idukki, Kollam, Kozhikode, Malapuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wynad
Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Endemic to southern Western Ghats- South and Central Sahyadris.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Global Distribution
Southern Western Ghats
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Kollam, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Malappuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Endemic Distribution
Southern Western Ghats
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Endangered
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
System Of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2173
| Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2173 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Toddalia bilocularis Wight & Arn., Prodr. 149. 1834; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 497. 1875.
- Vepris bilocularis (Wight & Arn.) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 178. 1896; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(108). 1915; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 105. 1984; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 105. 1994; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 33. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 85. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 127. 1997; K.N. Nair & M.P. Nayar in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 405. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 55. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 51. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 113. 2005; R.K. Premanath in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 613. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 199. 2009.
- Dipetalum bioculare (Wight & Arn.) Dalz. in Hook.'s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 138. 1850.
- Engl. & Prantl., Nat. Pflazenf. 3: 178. 1896; Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: 151. 1997 (re. ed); Sasidharan, Biodiversity documentation for Kerala- Flowering Plants, part 6: 83. 2004; Saldanha, Fl. Karnataka 2: 225. 1996; Cook, Fl. Bombay 1: 180.1903.
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2173
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983
Information Listing > References
- Toddalia bilocularis Wight & Arn., Prodr. 149. 1834; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 497. 1875.
- Vepris bilocularis (Wight & Arn.) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 178. 1896; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(108). 1915; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 105. 1984; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 105. 1994; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 33. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 85. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 127. 1997; K.N. Nair & M.P. Nayar in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 405. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 55. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 51. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 113. 2005; R.K. Premanath in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 613. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 199. 2009.
- Dipetalum bioculare (Wight & Arn.) Dalz. in Hook.'s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 138. 1850.
- Engl. & Prantl., Nat. Pflazenf. 3: 178. 1896; Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: 151. 1997 (re. ed); Sasidharan, Biodiversity documentation for Kerala- Flowering Plants, part 6: 83. 2004; Saldanha, Fl. Karnataka 2: 225. 1996; Cook, Fl. Bombay 1: 180.1903.
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2173
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983
Forest evergreenness and tree endemism in the central Western Ghats, southern India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaConserving the newly recorded Hill Arecanut Palm Bentinckia condapanna Berry ex Roxb (Arecaceae) population outside the natural forest as wildlife corridor
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaNo Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Family | Rutaceae |
| Genus | Vepris |
| Species | Vepris bilocularis (Wight & Arn.) Engl. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
