Checklist of the flora of huntingdonshire (VC31)
Checklist of the flora of huntingdonshire (VC31)
Checklist of the flora of huntingdonshire (VC31)
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CHECKLIST OF THE FLORA OF HUNTINGDONSHIRE (<strong>VC31</strong>)<br />
David A. Broughton<br />
2011<br />
1
Overview<br />
The following checklist is an attempt to reconcile <strong>the</strong> divergent species lists for Huntingdonshire provided in<br />
The Flora <strong>of</strong> Huntingdonshire and <strong>the</strong> Soke <strong>of</strong> Peterborough (Wells, 2003) and <strong>the</strong> Vice-County Census<br />
Catalogue (available online at http://www.botanicalkeys.co.uk/<strong>flora</strong>/vccc/index.html). It also incorporates<br />
all new taxa identified since <strong>the</strong>se two accounts were published.<br />
It is intended that <strong>the</strong> checklist will be refined over coming years through <strong>the</strong> inclusion <strong>of</strong> additional<br />
information, such as dates for <strong>the</strong> first and last county records. By so doing <strong>the</strong> checklist will provide a sound<br />
basis for fur<strong>the</strong>r investigation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county’s <strong>flora</strong> and ultimately, over <strong>the</strong> long term, for <strong>the</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong><br />
a new county <strong>flora</strong>. At present, because <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r constraints on my time, it is by necessity a brief account<br />
but, I hope, a useful step in <strong>the</strong> right direction. For fur<strong>the</strong>r detail on <strong>the</strong> status and distribution <strong>of</strong> most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
taxa listed (recent finds excepted) please refer to <strong>the</strong> County Flora, The Rare Plant Register for<br />
Huntingdonshire (available online at http://www.bsbi.org.uk/rare_plants.html) and <strong>the</strong> BSBI Map Scheme<br />
(see http://www.bsbi.org.uk/maps_scheme.html).<br />
The checklist takes an inclusive approach covering all named taxa known to occur in <strong>the</strong> county, whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />
<strong>the</strong>y are species, subspecies, varieties, forms, cultivars or hybrids. The only limitation on coverage is <strong>the</strong><br />
availability <strong>of</strong> names and published descriptions for <strong>the</strong>se taxa, particularly infraspecifics, and <strong>the</strong> (my) ability<br />
to recognise/identify <strong>the</strong>se taxa when found.<br />
Pending fur<strong>the</strong>r research, it is debateable whe<strong>the</strong>r all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> infraspecific taxa listed are taxonomically<br />
meaningful, indeed many will not be. However <strong>the</strong>re is more to variation than taxonomy and a narrow focus<br />
on <strong>the</strong> latter overlooks <strong>the</strong> value associated with being able to apply labels to describe and study all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
variation observable within species. Where infraspecific variation is rooted in genetic variation <strong>the</strong>n it is<br />
almost certainly meaningful and interesting even if not taxonomically meaningful. Given <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong><br />
biodiversity covers <strong>the</strong> full spectrum <strong>of</strong> variation from genes and genotypes through to species and habitats<br />
<strong>the</strong>n biodiversity conservation should be (however challenging that might be) about conserving variation<br />
and not just <strong>the</strong> conservation <strong>of</strong> taxonomically valid entities. Genetic diversity is fundamental to natural<br />
selection and evolution, ecological interactions between species and indeed to how we make use <strong>of</strong> natural<br />
resources e.g. for horticulture, crop breeding and pharmacology.<br />
The nomenclature for higher taxa follows <strong>the</strong> New Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British Isles (Stace, 2010) but balanced by <strong>the</strong><br />
Flora <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland (Sell & Murrell, 1996, 2006 and 2009) and Sedges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British Isles (Jermy<br />
et al. 2007). The Flora <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland is also <strong>the</strong> primary source for many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> infraspecific<br />
taxa listed, although o<strong>the</strong>rs have been drawn from a wide range <strong>of</strong> sources too numerous to list here.<br />
Taxa are presented in a tiered arrangement to reflect <strong>the</strong>ir currently accepted relationships, as follows:<br />
Species<br />
Subspecies<br />
Variety<br />
Form<br />
Where <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> infraspecific taxa present is likely to be incomplete, <strong>the</strong>n this has been indicated by<br />
<strong>of</strong>fsetting <strong>the</strong> infraspecific taxa identified to date from <strong>the</strong> species name. The relationships between a<br />
limited number <strong>of</strong> infraspecific taxa needs fur<strong>the</strong>r clarification (e.g. within Crataegus monogyna and Stellaria<br />
neglecta) and at present does not reflect a robust hierarchy.<br />
1
The status assigned to taxa listed in <strong>the</strong> checklist is based on those defined in <strong>the</strong> New Flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British<br />
Isles (Stace, 2010). These are native, archaeophyte, introduced casual, introduced survivor and introduced<br />
naturalised. A sixth category, native (halophyte), is added to deal with <strong>the</strong> increasing number <strong>of</strong> halophytes<br />
being found along <strong>the</strong> county’s roads. While <strong>the</strong>re is an anthropogenic component to <strong>the</strong> spread <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
species <strong>the</strong>y are expanding <strong>the</strong>ir range primarily to occupy newly available niches and are <strong>the</strong>refore not that<br />
different from many o<strong>the</strong>r native species. On this basis, it would seem unfair to consider <strong>the</strong>se species to be<br />
introduced.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
I gratefully acknowledge all botanists past and present who have contributed <strong>the</strong> records essential for <strong>the</strong><br />
production <strong>of</strong> this checklist, and indeed all o<strong>the</strong>r accounts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county’s <strong>flora</strong>. My predecessor as county<br />
recorder, Terry Wells, was responsible for <strong>the</strong> collation <strong>of</strong> a particularly significant dataset.<br />
I would specifically like to thank <strong>the</strong> following for <strong>the</strong>ir generous (and in some cases unsolicited) assistance in<br />
identifying difficult taxa: Pr<strong>of</strong>essor A.J. Richards for identifying material <strong>of</strong> Taraxacum; Mr A.L. Newton for<br />
identifying Rubus; Mr. R. Maskew for help with Rosa; Mr N.F. Stewart for help with charophytes; Mr P.D. Sell<br />
for help with Hieracium, infraspecifics and o<strong>the</strong>r cryptic taxa; as well as all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r BSBI referees who<br />
assist as and when required and who provide such a valuable service.<br />
2
The <strong>Checklist</strong><br />
Taxon Common name Status<br />
Abutilon <strong>the</strong>ophrasti Medik. Velvetleaf Introduced casual<br />
Acanthus mollis L. Bear’s-breeches Introduced survivor<br />
Acer miyabei Maxim. var. miyabei<br />
Miyabei Maple (hairy fruit) Introduced survivor<br />
var. shibatai (Nakai) Hara.<br />
Miyabei Maple (glabrous fruit) Introduced survivor<br />
Acer campestre L. var. campestre<br />
var. leiocarpum (Opiz) Wallr.<br />
var. oxytomum Borbas<br />
3<br />
Field Maple Native & introduced<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Native? & introduced<br />
Acer negundo L. f. negundo Ashleaf Maple Introduced survivor<br />
Acer platanoides L. f. drummondii Hegi<br />
f. platanoides<br />
f. schwedleri K. Koch<br />
Acer pseudoplatanus L. var. pseudoplatanus f. pseudoplatanus<br />
f. erythrospermum (Carrière) Pax<br />
f. purpureum (Loudon) Rehder<br />
Acer saccharinum L. f. laciniatum (Carrière) Rehder<br />
f. saccharinum<br />
Norway Maple Introduced survivor<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Sycamore<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Purple Sycamore<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Cut-leaved Silver Maple<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Silver Maple<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Acer saccharum Marshall Sugar Maple Introduced survivor<br />
Achillea millefolium L. var. millefolium Yarrow Native<br />
Achillea ptarmica L. f. ptarmica Sneezewort Native<br />
Aconitum napellus L. sens. lat. Monkshood Introduced survivor<br />
Acorus calamus L. Sweet-flag Introduced naturalised<br />
Adonis annua L. Pheasant’s-eye Archaeophyte<br />
Adoxa moschatellina L. Moschatel Native, extinct<br />
Aegopodium podagraria L. Ground-elder Archaeophyte<br />
Aesculus carnea J. Zeyh. Red Horse-chestnut Introduced survivor<br />
Aesculus hippocastanum L. Horse-chestnut Introduced naturalised<br />
Aethusa cynapium L. ssp. agrestis (Wallr.) Dostál<br />
‘Dwarf’ Fool’s Parsley<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
ssp. cynapium<br />
Fool’s Parsley<br />
Native<br />
Agrimonia eupatoria L. Agrimony Native<br />
Agrimonia procera Wallr. Fragrant Agrimony Native<br />
Agrostemma githago L. Corncockle Archaeophyte and<br />
latterly an introduced<br />
casual<br />
Agrostis canina L. Velvet Bent Native<br />
Agrostis capillaris L. Common Bent Native<br />
Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reut. Highland Bent Introduced naturalised<br />
Agrostis gigantea Roth Black Bent Archaeophyte<br />
Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.<br />
Creeping Bent Native<br />
var. stolonifera<br />
Native<br />
Aira caryophyllea L.<br />
Silver Hair-grass Native<br />
ssp. multiculmis (Dumort.) Bonnier & Layens<br />
Native?<br />
Aira praecox L. Early Hair-grass Native<br />
Ajuga reptans L. Bugle Native<br />
Alcea rosea L. Hollyhock Introduced naturalised<br />
Alchemilla filicaulis Buser ssp. vestita (Buser) M.E. Bradshaw Hairy Lady’s-mantle Native, extinct<br />
Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. S<strong>of</strong>t Lady’s-mantle Introduced naturalised<br />
Alisma lanceolatum With. Narrow-leaved Water-plantain Native<br />
Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Water-plantain Native<br />
Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Garlic Mustard Native<br />
Allium oleraceum L. Field Garlic Native?<br />
Allium roseum L. Rosy Garlic Introduced naturalised<br />
Allium ursinum L. Ramsons Native<br />
Allium vineale L. Wild Onion Native<br />
Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby Italian Alder Introduced survivor,<br />
rarely naturalised<br />
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Alder Native and Introduced<br />
Alnus incana (L.) Moench Grey Alder Introduced survivor
Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder Introduced survivor<br />
Alnus x hybrida A. Braun ex Rchb. Hybrid Alder Introduced survivor<br />
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Orange Foxtail Native<br />
Alopecurus geniculatus L. Marsh Foxtail Native<br />
Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Black-grass Archaeophyte<br />
Alopecurus pratensis L. Meadow Foxtail Native<br />
Alopecurus x haussknechtianus Asch. & Graebn. A. geniculatus x aequalis Native<br />
Althaea <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Marsh-mallow Introduced naturalised<br />
Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Small Alison Introduced casual<br />
Amaranthus blitum S. Watson Guernsey Pigweed Introduced casual<br />
Amaranthus bouchonii Thell. Indehiscent Amaranth Introduced casual<br />
Amaranthus caudatus L. Love-lies-bleeding Introduced casual<br />
Amaranthus cruentus L. Purple Amaranth Introduced casual<br />
Amaranthus hybridus L. Green Amaranth Introduced casual<br />
Amaranthus retr<strong>of</strong>lexus L. Common Amaranth Introduced casual<br />
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Ragweed Introduced casual<br />
Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Green-winged Orchid Native<br />
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. f. albi<strong>flora</strong> Fors.-Major<br />
Pyramidal Orchid Native<br />
f. pyramidalis<br />
Native<br />
Anagallis arvensis L. ssp. arvensis f. arvensis<br />
f. azurea Hyl.<br />
ssp. foemina (Mill.) Schinz & Thell.<br />
4<br />
Scarlet Pimpernel<br />
Blue Pimpernel<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Anagallis tenella (L.) L. Bog Pimpernel Native<br />
Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. Bugloss Archaeophyte<br />
Andromeda polifolia L. Bog-rosemary Native, extinct<br />
Anemone nemorosa L. var. nemorosa Wood Anemone Native<br />
Anemone ranunculoides L. Yellow Anemone Introduced naturalised<br />
Angellica sylvestris L. var. sylvestris Wild Angelica Native<br />
Anisantha diandra (Roth) Tutin ex Tzvelev Great Brome Introduced naturalised<br />
Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski Compact Brome Introduced casual<br />
Anisantha sterilis (L.) Nevski Barren Brome Archaeophyte<br />
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. Mountain Everlasting Native, extinct<br />
An<strong>the</strong>mis arvensis L. var. arvensis Corn Chamomile Archaeophyte<br />
An<strong>the</strong>mis cotula L. var. cotula Stinking Chamomile Archaeophyte<br />
An<strong>the</strong>mis tinctoria L. ssp. tinctoria Yellow Chamomile Introduced naturalised<br />
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sweet Vernal-grass Native<br />
Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb. Bur Chervil Native<br />
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) H<strong>of</strong>fm. Garden Chervil Introduced casual<br />
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) H<strong>of</strong>fm. Cow Parsley Native<br />
Anthyllis vulneraria L. ssp. polyphylla (DC.) Nyman<br />
Kidney Vetch Introduced naturalised<br />
ssp. vulneraria<br />
Native<br />
Antirrhinum majus L. Snapdragon Introduced casual<br />
Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. Loose Silky-bent Archaeophyte<br />
Aphanes arvensis L. Parsley-piert Native<br />
Aphanes australis Rydb. Slender Parsley-piert Native<br />
Apium graveolens L. var. graveolens Wild Celery Native<br />
Apium inundatum (L.) Rchb. f. Lesser Marshwort Native, extinct<br />
Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. Fool’s-water-cress Native<br />
Aquilegia vulgaris L. Columbine Introduced naturalised<br />
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Thale Cress Native<br />
Arabis caucasica Willd. ex Schltdl. Garden Arabis Introduced naturalised<br />
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Hairy Rock-cress Native<br />
Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch Monkey Puzzle Introduced survivor<br />
Arctium lappa L. Great Burdock Native<br />
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus<br />
Lesser Burdock<br />
Native<br />
ssp. pubens (Bab.) P. Fourn.<br />
Hairy Burdock<br />
Native<br />
Arctium nemorosum Lej. (perhaps recorded in error) Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Burdock Native<br />
Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. Slender Sandwort Native<br />
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. ssp. serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Sandwort Native
Aristolochia clematitis L. Birthwort Introduced naturalised<br />
Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Horse-radish Introduced naturalised<br />
Arrhena<strong>the</strong>rum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. & C. Presl False oat-grass Native<br />
Artemisia absinthium L. Wormwood Archaeophyte<br />
Artemisia vulgaris L. var. coarctata Forselles Mugwort Archaeophyte<br />
Arum italicum Mill. ssp. italicum Italian Lords-and-ladies Introduced naturalised<br />
Arum maculatum L. Lords-and-ladies Native<br />
Asparagus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Garden Asparagus Introduced naturalised<br />
Asperugo procumbens L. Madwort Introduced casual<br />
Asperula arvensis L. Blue Woodruff Introduced casual<br />
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. Black Spleenwort Native<br />
Asplenium ceterach L. Wall-rue Native<br />
Asplenium ruta-muraria L. Maidenhair Spleenwort Native<br />
Asplenium scolopendrium L. Hart’s-tongue Native<br />
Asplenium trichomanes L. ssp. quadrivalens D.E. Mey. Maidenhair Spleenwort Native<br />
Aster novi-belgii L. Confused Michaelmas-daisy Introduced naturalised<br />
Astragalus danicus Retz. Purple Milk-vetch Native, extinct<br />
Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Wild Liquorice Native<br />
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Lady-fern Native<br />
Atriplex hortensis L. Garden Orache Introduced casual<br />
Atriplex littoralis L. Grass-leaved Orache Native (halophyte)<br />
Atriplex patula L. Common Orache Native<br />
Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. Spear-leaved Orache Native<br />
Atropa belladonna L. var. belladonna Deadly Nightshade Native<br />
Aubretia deltoidea (L.) DC. Aubretia Introduced casual<br />
Avena fatua L. var. fatua<br />
var. glabrata Peterm.<br />
var. pilosa Syme<br />
5<br />
Wild-oat Archaeophyte<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Avena sterilis L. ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne Winter Wild-oat Introduced casual<br />
Avena strigosa Schreb. Bristle Oat Introduced casual<br />
Avenula pratensis (L.) Dumort. Meadow Oat-grass Native<br />
Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. Downy Oat-grass Native<br />
Azolla filiculoides Lam. Water-fern Introduced naturalised<br />
Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl. Lesser Water-plantain Native<br />
Ballota nigra L. ssp. meridionalis (Bég.) Bég.<br />
Black Horehound Archaeophyte<br />
var. mollissima Druce<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Barbarea intermedia Boreau Medium-flowered Winter-cress Introduced naturalised<br />
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. American Winter-cress Introduced casual<br />
Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton Winter-cress Native<br />
Bellis perennis L. f. perennis Daisy Native<br />
Berberis vulgaris L. Barberry Archaeophyte<br />
Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville Lesser Water-parsnip Native<br />
Betonica <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. var. <strong>of</strong>ficinalis Betony Native<br />
Beta vulgaris L. ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang.<br />
Sea Beet<br />
Native (halophyte)<br />
ssp. vulgaris<br />
Root Beet<br />
Introduced casual<br />
Betula pendula Roth Silver Birch Native<br />
Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. pubescens Downy Birch Native<br />
Betula x aurata Borkh. Hybrid Birch Native<br />
Bidens cernua L. Nodding Bur-marigold Native<br />
Bidens tripartita L. var. tripartita Trifid Bur-marigold Native<br />
Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. Yellow-wort Native<br />
Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth Hard-fern Native, extinct?<br />
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Sea Club-rush Native<br />
Borago <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Borage Introduced casual<br />
Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Moonwort Native, extinct<br />
Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. Stiff Brome Introduced casual<br />
Brachypodium pinnatum agg. Tor-grass aggregate Native<br />
Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. Heath False-brome Native<br />
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. Wood False-brome Native
Brassica elongata Ehrh. Long-stalked Rape Introduced casual<br />
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chinese Mustard Introduced casual<br />
Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.<br />
Oil-seed Rape<br />
Introduced casual<br />
ssp. rapifera Metzg.<br />
Swede<br />
Introduced casual<br />
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Black Mustard Native<br />
Brassica oleracea L. Cabbage Introduced casual<br />
Brassica rapa L. (subspecies not recorded) Turnip Archaeophyte or casual<br />
Briza media L. Quaking-grass Native<br />
Bromopsis erecta (Huds.) Fourr. Upright Brome Native<br />
Bromopsis ramosa (Huds.) Holub Hairy-brome Native<br />
Bromus commutatus Schrad. Meadow Brome Native<br />
Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus<br />
S<strong>of</strong>t-brome Native<br />
ssp. longipedicellatus Spalton<br />
Native<br />
Bromus japonicus Thunb. Thunberg’s Brome Introduced casual<br />
Bromus lepidus Holmb. Slender S<strong>of</strong>t-brome Introduced naturalised<br />
Bromus racemosus L. Smooth Brome Native<br />
Bromus secalinus L.<br />
Rye Brome Introduced casual<br />
var. hirtus (F. Schultz) Aschers & Graebn.<br />
Introduced casual<br />
Bromus x pseudothominei P.M. Sm. Lesser S<strong>of</strong>t-brome Native<br />
Brunna macrophylla (Adams) I.M. Johnst. Great Forget-me-not Introduced naturalised<br />
Bryonia dioica Jacq. White Bryony Native<br />
Buddleja davidii Franch. Butterfly-bush Introduced naturalised<br />
Buddleja globosa Hope Orange-ball-tree Introduced survivor<br />
Bunias orientalis L. Warty-cabbage Introduced casual<br />
Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Thorow-wax Archaeophyte, extinct<br />
Bupleurum subovatum Link ex Spreng. False Thorow-wax Introduced casual<br />
Bupleurum tenuissimum L. Slender hare's-ear Native casual?<br />
Butomus umbellatus L. Flowering-rush Native<br />
Buxus sempervirens L. f. sempervirens Box Introduced naturalised<br />
Calamagrostis canescens (F.H. Wigg.) Roth Purple Small-reed Native<br />
Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth Wood Small-reed Native<br />
Calendula <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Pot Marigold Introduced casual<br />
Callitriche brutia Petagna ssp. hamulata (Kütz. ex W.D.J. Koch) O.<br />
Bolòs & Vigo<br />
Intermediate Water-starwort Native<br />
Callitriche obtusangula Le Gall Blunt-fruited Water-starwort Native<br />
Callitriche platycarpa Kütz. Various-leaved Water-starwort Native<br />
Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Common Water-starwort Native<br />
Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull Hea<strong>the</strong>r Native<br />
Caltha palustris L. var. palustris Marsh-marigold Native<br />
Calystegia pulchra Brummitt & Heywood Hairy Bindweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. roseata Brummitt<br />
Hedge Bindweed Native<br />
ssp. sepium f. sepium<br />
Native<br />
Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. ssp. disjuncta Brummitt Large Bindweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Calystegia x lucana (Ten.) G. Don C. sepium x silvatica -<br />
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Gold-<strong>of</strong>-pleasure Introduced casual<br />
Campanula glomerata L. Clustered Bellflower Native<br />
Campanula latifolia L. Giant Bellflower Native<br />
Campanula rapunculoides L. Creeping Bellflower Introduced naturalised<br />
Campanula rotundifolia L. ssp. rotundifolia Harebell Native<br />
Campanula trachelium L. Nettle-leaved Bellflower Native<br />
Cannabis sativa L. Hemp Introduced casual<br />
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Shepherd’s-purse Archaeophyte<br />
Cardamine amara L. Large Bitter-cress Native<br />
Cardamine flexuosa With. Wavy Bitter-cress Native<br />
Cardamine hirsuta L. Hairy Bitter-cress Native<br />
Cardamine pratensis L.<br />
Cucko<strong>of</strong>lower Native<br />
‘Flore Pleno’<br />
Native<br />
Carduus crispus L. ssp. multiflorus (Gaudin) Gremli. var. multiflorus Welted Thistle Native<br />
Carduus nutans L. Musk Thistle Native<br />
6
Stachys byzantina at Paxton Pits<br />
7<br />
Dipsacus laciniatus at Paxton pits<br />
Cerastium tomentosum at Paxton Pits
Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis Slender Thistle Native<br />
Carduus thoermeri Weinm. - Introduced casual<br />
Carduus x stangii H. Buek ex Nyman C. crispus x nutans Native<br />
Carex acuta L. Slender Tufted-sedge Native<br />
Carex acutiformis Ehrh. Lesser Pond-sedge Native<br />
Carex arenaria L. Sand Sedge Native casual<br />
Carex binervis Sm. Green-ribbed Sedge Native<br />
Carex caryophyllea Latourr. Spring Sedge Native<br />
Carex diandra Schrank Lesser Tussock-sedge Native<br />
Carex distans L. Distant Sedge Native<br />
Carex divulsa Stokes ssp. divulsa<br />
Grey Sedge<br />
Native<br />
ssp. leersii (F.W. Schultz) W, Koch<br />
Native<br />
Carex echinata Murray Star Sedge Native<br />
Carex elata All. Tufted-sedge Native<br />
Carex flacca Schreb. Glaucous Sedge Native<br />
Carex hirta L. Hairy Sedge Native<br />
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. Slender Sedge Native<br />
Carex leporina L. Oval Sedge Native<br />
Carex nigra (L.) Reichard Common Sedge Native<br />
Carex otrubae Podp. False Fox-sedge Native<br />
Carex pallescens L. Pale Sedge Native<br />
Carex panicea L. Carnation Sedge Native<br />
Carex paniculata L. Greater Tussock-sedge Native<br />
Carex pendula Huds. Pendulous Sedge Native<br />
Carex pilulifera L. Pill Sedge Native<br />
Carex pseudocyperus L. Cyperus Sedge Native<br />
Carex pulicaris L. Flea Sedge Native<br />
Carex remota L. Remote Sedge Native<br />
Carex riparia Curtis Greater Pond-sedge Native<br />
Carex spicata Huds. Spiked Sedge Native<br />
Carex sylvatica Huds. Wood Sedge Native<br />
Carex viridula ssp. brachyrrhyncha (Čelak.) B. Schmid<br />
ssp. oedocarpa (Andersson) B. Schmid<br />
ssp. viridula<br />
8<br />
Long-stalked Yellow-sedge<br />
Common Yellow-sedge<br />
Small-fruited Yellow-sedge<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Carex x evoluta Hartm. C. lasiocarpa x riparia Native<br />
Carex x pseudoaxillaris K. Richt. C. otrubae x remota Native<br />
Carlina vulgaris L. Carline Thistle Native<br />
Carpinus betulus L. wild type<br />
Hornbeam Native and introduced<br />
‘Fastigiata’<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Carum carvi L. Caraway Introduced casual<br />
Castanea sativa Mill. Sweet Chestnut Introduced naturalised<br />
Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. var. aquatica Whorl-grass Native<br />
Catalpa bignonioides Walter Indian Bean Introduced survivor<br />
Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. ssp. rigidum Fern-grass Native<br />
Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière<br />
Atlas Cedar<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
f. glauca Beissn.<br />
Blue Atlas Cedar<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don Deodar Introduced survivor<br />
Cedrus libani A. Rich. Cedar-<strong>of</strong>-Lebanon Introduced survivor<br />
Centaurea calcitrapa L. Red Star-thistle Introduced casual<br />
Centaurea cyanus L. Cornflower Archaeophyte and<br />
casual<br />
Centaurea debeauxii Gren. & Godr.<br />
ssp. nemoralis (Jord.) Dostál var. nemoralis<br />
ssp. thuillieri Dostál var. thuillieri<br />
Chalk Knapweed<br />
Native<br />
Introduced naturalised?<br />
Centaurea cf. nigra L. Common Knapweed Native<br />
Centaurea scabiosa L. var. scabiosa Greater Kapweed Native<br />
Centaurea solstitialis L. Yellow Star-thistle Introduced casual<br />
Centaurium erythraea Rafn var. erythraea Common Centaury Native<br />
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce Lesser Centaury Native
Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. Red Valerian Introduced naturalised<br />
Cerastium arvense L. Field Mouse-ear Native<br />
Cerastium diffusum Pers. Sea Mouse-ear Native (halophyte)<br />
Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet Common Mouse-ear Native<br />
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Sticky Mouse-ear Native<br />
Cerastium semidecandrum L. Little Mouse-ear Native<br />
Cerastium tomentosum L. Snow-in-summer Introduced naturalised<br />
Ceratocapnos calviculata (L.) Lidén Climbing Corydalis Native<br />
Ceratophyllum demersum L.<br />
Rigid Hornwort Native<br />
var. apiculatum (Cham.) Asch.<br />
Native<br />
Ceratophyllum submersum L. S<strong>of</strong>t Hornwort Native<br />
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange Small Toadflax Archaeophyte<br />
Chaerophyllum temulum L. var. temulum Rough Chervil Native<br />
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray bis) Parl. Lawson’s Cypress Introduced naturalised<br />
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub Rosebay Willowherb Native<br />
Chara aculeolata Kütz. Hedgehog Stonewort Native<br />
Chara aspera Deth. ex Willd. Rough Stonewort Native<br />
Chara canescens Desv. & Lois. Bearded Stonewort Native<br />
Chara contraria A. Braun ex Kütz. Opposite Stonewort Native<br />
Chara curta Nolte ex Kütz. Lesser Bearded Stonewort Native<br />
Chara globularis Thuill. Fragile Stonewort Native<br />
Chara hispida L. Bristly Stonewort Native<br />
Chara virgata Kütz. var. barbata (U.Ganterer) J.C. van Raam<br />
var. virgata<br />
Delicate Stonewort Native<br />
Native<br />
Chara vulgaris var. longibracteata (Kütz.) J. Groves & Bull.-Webst.<br />
var. papillata Wallr. ex A. Braun<br />
var. vulgaris<br />
9<br />
Common Stonewort Native<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Chelidonium majus L. Greater Celandine Archaeophyte<br />
Chenopodium album L. Fat-hen Native<br />
Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Good-King-Henry Archaeophyte<br />
Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi Strawberry-blite Introduced casual<br />
Chenopodium ficifolium Sm. Fig-leaved Goosefoot Archaeophyte<br />
Chenopodium hybridum L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot Archaeophyte<br />
Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D. Koch & Ziz Grey Goosefoot Introduced casual<br />
Chenopodium polyspermum L. Many-seeded Goosefoot Archaeophyte<br />
Chenopodium probstii Aellen Probst’s Goosefoot Introduced casual<br />
Chenopodium rubrum L. Red Goosefoot Native<br />
Chenopodium vulvaria L. Stinking Goosefoot Archaeophyte<br />
Cicerbita macrophylla (Willd.) Wallr. ssp. uralensis (Rouy) P.D. Sell Blue-sowthistle Introduced naturalised<br />
Cichorium intybus L. ssp. intybus Chichory Introduced naturalised<br />
Cicaea lutetiana L. Enchanter’s-nightshade Native<br />
Cirsium acaule Scop. Dwarf Thistle Native<br />
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. arvense<br />
var. horridum Wimm. & Grab.<br />
var. integrifolium Wimm. & grab.<br />
var. vestitum Wimm. & Grab.<br />
Creeping Thistle Native<br />
Native<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Cirsium dissectum (L.) Hill Meadow Thistle Native<br />
Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. Woolly Thistle Native<br />
Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. var. palustre Marsh Thistle Native<br />
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. var. vulgare Spear Thistle Native<br />
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl Great Fen-sedge Native<br />
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. Springbeauty Introduced naturalised<br />
Claytonia sibirica L. Pink Purslane Introduced naturalised<br />
Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Himalayan Clematis Introduced survivor<br />
Clematis vitalba L. Travellor’s-joy Native<br />
Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze Basil Thyme Native<br />
Clinopodium ascendens (Jord.) Samp. Common Calamint Native, extinct?<br />
Clinopodium calamintha (L.) Stace Lesser Calamint Native, extinct<br />
Clinopodium vulgare L. Wild Basil Native
Cochlearia danica L. Danish Scurvygrass Native (halophyte)<br />
Colchium autumnale L. Meadow Saffron Introduced naturalised<br />
Colutea arborescens L. Bladder-senna Introduced casual<br />
Comarum palustre L. Marsh Cinquefoil Native<br />
Conium maculatum L. Hemlock Archaeophyte<br />
Conopodium majus (Gouan) Loret Pignut Native<br />
Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur Larkspur Introduced naturalised<br />
Convallaria majalis L. Lily-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong>-valley Introduced survivor<br />
Convolvulus arvensis L. f. arvensis<br />
f. decarrhabdotus P.D. Sell<br />
f. decemvulnerus P.D. Sell<br />
f. notatus P.D. Sell<br />
f. pentarrhabdotus P.D. Sell<br />
f. perroseus P.D. Sell<br />
10<br />
Field Bindweed Native<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. canadensis Canadian Fleabane Introduced naturalised<br />
Conyza floribunda Kunth var. floribunda<br />
var. linearifolia P.D. Sell<br />
Many-flowered Fleabane Introduced naturalised<br />
Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker Guernsey Fleabane Introduced casual<br />
Coriandrum sativum L. Coriander Introduced casual<br />
Cornus australis C.A. Mey. Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Dogwood Introduced naturalised<br />
Cornus koenigii C.K. Schneid. Asian Dogwood Introduced survivor<br />
Cornus sanguinea L. Dogwood Native<br />
Cornus alba L. White Dogwood Introduced naturalised<br />
Cornus sericea L. Red-osier Dogwood Introduced naturalised<br />
Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn. Pampas-grass Introduced survivor<br />
Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. Bird-in-a-bush Introduced naturalised<br />
Corylus avellana L. Hazel Native<br />
Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl. Tree Cotoneaster Introduced naturalised<br />
Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. Wall Cotoneaster<br />
Cotoneaster simonsii Baker Himalayan cotoneaster Introduced survivor<br />
Cotoneaster x suecicus G. Klotz Swedish Cotoneaster Introduced survivor<br />
Cotoneaster x watereri Excell Waterer’s Cotoneaster Introduced survivor<br />
Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne New Zealand Pigmyweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. Midland Hawthorn Native<br />
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. var. lasiocarpa (Lange) K.I.Chr.<br />
Hawthorn Introduced naturalised<br />
ssp. nordica Franco<br />
Native<br />
Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. (and/or hybrids) Large-sepalled Hawthorn Introduced survivor<br />
Crataegus x media Bechst. Hybrid Hawthorn Native<br />
Crepis biennis L. Rough Hawk’s-beard Native<br />
Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. var. capillaris Smooth Hawk’s-beard Native<br />
Crepis nicaeensis Balb. French Hawk’s-beard Introduced casual<br />
Crepis setosa Haller f. Bristly Hawk’s-beard Introduced casual<br />
Crepis vesicaria L. ssp. taraxicifolia (Thuill.) Thell. ex Schinz & R. Keller<br />
var. taraxicifolia<br />
Beaked Hawk’s-beard Introduced naturalised<br />
Cruciata laevipes Opiz Crosswort Native<br />
Cryptomeria japonia (L. f.) D. Don ‘Elegans’ Japanese Red-cedar Introduced survivor<br />
Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. Dodder Native<br />
Cuscuta europaea L. Greater Dodder Native<br />
Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. ssp. muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax Introduced naturalised<br />
Cynoglossum germanicum Jacq. Green Hound’s-tongue Native, extinct<br />
Cynoglossum <strong>of</strong>ficinale L. Hound’s-tongue Native<br />
Cynosurus cristatus L. Crested Dog’s-tail Native<br />
Cynosurus echinatus L. Rough Dog’s-tail Introduced casual<br />
Cyperus longus L. Galingale Introduced survivor<br />
Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link ssp. scoparius Broom Native<br />
Dactylis glomerata L. Cock’s-foot Native<br />
Dactyloctenium radulans (R. Br.) P. Beauv. Button-grass Introduced casual<br />
Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó ssp. fuchsii var. fuchsii Common Spotted-orchid Native<br />
Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó ssp. incarnata var. incarnata<br />
Early Marsh-orchid Native<br />
var. leucantha R.M. Bateman & Denholm<br />
Native
Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Marsh-orchid Native<br />
Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides (Puglsey) R.M. Bateman & Denholm Narrow-leaved Marsh-orchid Native<br />
Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Frog Orchid Native, extinct<br />
Dactylorhiza x grandis (Druce) P.F. Hunt D. fuchsii x praetermissa Native<br />
Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC. Heath-grass Native<br />
Daphne laureola L. Spurge-laurel Native<br />
Datura stramonium L.<br />
Thorn-apple<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
var. chalybaea W.D.J. Koch<br />
Purple-flowered Thorn-apple Introduced naturalised<br />
Daucus carota L. ssp. carota var. carota Wild Carrot Native<br />
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Wavy Hair-grass Native<br />
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. cespitosa<br />
Tufted Hair-grass<br />
Native<br />
ssp. parvi<strong>flora</strong> (Thuill.) Dumort. ‘Lesser’ Tufted Hair-grass Native<br />
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl Flixweed Archaeophyte<br />
Dianthus barbatus L. Sweet-William Introduced casual<br />
Dianthus carthusianorum L. Carthusian Pink Introduced naturalised<br />
Dianthus deltoides L. Maiden Pink Native, extinct<br />
Digitalis purpurea L. Foxglove Native? and introduced<br />
Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. Annual Wall-rocket Introduced naturalised<br />
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. Perennial Wall-rocket Archaeophyte<br />
Dipsacus fullonum L. Wild Teasel Native<br />
Dipsacus laciniatus L. Cut-leaved teasel Introduced naturalised<br />
Dipsacus pilosus L. Small Teasel Native<br />
Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honck. Fuller’s Teasel Introduced casual<br />
Doronicum pardalianches L. Leopard’s-bane Introduced naturalised<br />
Dracunculus vulgaris Schott Dragon Arum Introduced naturalised<br />
Drosera anglica Huds. Great Sundew Native, extinct<br />
Drosera intermedia Hayne Oblong-leaved Sundew Native, extinct<br />
Drosera rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew Native, extinct<br />
Dryopteris affinis agg. Male-fern agg. Native<br />
Dryopteris borreri (Newman) Newman ex Oberh. & Tavel Borrer’s Male-fern Native<br />
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs Narrow Buckler-fern Native<br />
Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray Crested Buckler-fern Native, extinct<br />
Dryopteris dilatata (H<strong>of</strong>fm.) A. Gray Broad Buckler-fern Native<br />
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Male-fern Native<br />
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Cockspur Introduced naturalised<br />
Echium vulgare L. Viper’s-bugloss Native<br />
Elaeagnus x ebbingei Doorenbos f. ebbingei Hybrid Oleaster Introduced survivor<br />
Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Needle Spike-rush Native<br />
Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Common Spike-rush Native<br />
Eleocharis quinque<strong>flora</strong> (Hartmann) O. Schwarz Few-flowered Spike-rush Native<br />
Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. Slender Spike-rush Native<br />
Elodea canadensis Michx. Canadian Waterweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John Nuttall’s Waterweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Elymus caninus (L.) L. var. caninus Bearded Couch Native<br />
Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski f. aristata (Schum.) Beetle<br />
f. repens<br />
Common Couch Native<br />
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. American Willowherb Introduced naturalised<br />
Epilobium hirsutum L. var. hirsutum f. hirsutum Great Willowherb Native<br />
Epilobium montanum L. Broad-leaved Willowherb Native<br />
Epilobium obscurum Schreb. Short-fruited Willowherb Native<br />
Epilobium palustre L. Marsh Willowherb Native<br />
Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. Hoary Willowherb Native<br />
Epilobium tetragonum L. ssp. lamyi (F.W. Schultz) Nyman<br />
Square-stalked Willowherb Native<br />
ssp. tetragonum<br />
Native<br />
Epilobium x aggregatum Čelak E. montanum x obscurum Native<br />
Epilobium x dacicum Borbás E. parviflorum x obscurum Native<br />
Epilobium x erroneum Hausskn. E. hirsutum x montanum Native<br />
Epilobium x interjectum Smejkal E. montanum x ciliatum Native<br />
Epilobium x vicinum Smejkal E. obscurum x ciliatum Native<br />
11
Euphorbia hyberna at Little Paxton Sium latifolium at Woodwalton Fen<br />
Neottia ovata at Woodwalton Marsh Lonicera periclymenum var. hirsuta at Archer’s Wood<br />
12
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz var. helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Native<br />
Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz Marsh Helleborine Native, extinct<br />
Epipactis purpurata Sm. Violet Helleborine Native<br />
Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetail Native<br />
Equisetum fluviatile L. Water Horsetail Native<br />
Equisetum palustre L. Marsh Horsetail Native<br />
Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Great Horsetail Native<br />
Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. Winter Aconite Introduced naturalised<br />
Erica tetralix L. Cross-leaved Heath Native<br />
Erigeron acris L. Blue Fleabane Native<br />
Erinus alpinus L. Fairy Foxglove Introduced naturalised<br />
Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. Common Cottongrass Native, extinct<br />
Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe Broad-leaved Cottongrass Native, extinct<br />
Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. Mediterranean Stork’s-bill Introduced casual<br />
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. ssp. cicutarium Common Stork’s-bill Native<br />
Erodium crinitum Carolin Eastern Stork’s-bill Introduced casual<br />
Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Hér. Musk Stork’s-bill Native casual<br />
Erophila glabrescens Jord. Glabrous Whitlowgrass Native<br />
Erophila majuscula Jord. Hairy Whitlowgrass Native<br />
Erophila verna (L.) DC. Common Whitlowgrass Native<br />
Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz Hairy Rocket Introduced casual<br />
Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Treacle-mustard Archaeophyte<br />
Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz Wallflower Introduced naturalised<br />
Eschscholzia californica Cham. Californian Poppy Introduced naturalised<br />
Euonymus europaeus L. f. europaeus<br />
Spindle Native<br />
f. intermedius (Gaudin) Borza<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Eupatorium cannabinum L. Hemp-agrimony Native<br />
Euphorbia amygdaloides L. ssp. amygdaloides<br />
Wood Spurge<br />
Native<br />
ssp. robbiae (Turrill) Radcl.-Sm.<br />
‘Turkish’ Wood Spurge<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Euphorbia characias L. ssp. characias Mediterranean Spurge Introduced survivor<br />
Euphorbia cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge Introduced naturalised<br />
Euphorbia exigua L. var. exigua Dwarf Spurge Archaeophyte<br />
Euphorbia helioscopia L. Sun spurge Archaeophyte<br />
Euphorbia hyberna L. Irish Spurge Introduced naturalised<br />
Euphorbia lathyris L. Caper Spurge Archaeophyte<br />
Euphorbia peplus L. Petty Spurge Archaeophyte<br />
Euphorbia platyphyllos L. Broad-leaved Spurge Archaeophyte<br />
Euphorbia stricta L. Upright Spurge Introduced naturalised<br />
Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr. var. nemorosa Common Eyebright Native<br />
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Buckwheat Introduced casual<br />
Fagus sylvatica L. f. latifolia Kirchn.<br />
f. pupurea (Aiton) C.K.Schneid.<br />
f. sylvatica<br />
13<br />
‘Large-leaved’ Beech<br />
Copper Beech<br />
Beech<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub Russian-vine Introduced naturalised<br />
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve Black Bindweed Archaeophyte<br />
Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. var. japonica Japanese Knotweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Festuca brevipila T. Tracey Hard Fescue Introduced naturalised<br />
Festuca filiformis Pourr. Fine-leaved Sheep’s-fescue Introduced naturalised<br />
Festuca ovina L.<br />
Sheep’s-fescue Native<br />
ssp. hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) M.J. Wilk.<br />
Native<br />
Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin<br />
Chewing’s Fescue<br />
Native<br />
ssp. rubra<br />
Red Fescue<br />
Native<br />
Ficaria verna Huds. ssp. fertilis (Lawalrée ex Laegaard) Stace<br />
ssp. ficariiformis (F.W. Schultz) B. Walln.<br />
ssp. verna<br />
Lesser Celandine Native<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Native<br />
Filago lutescens Jord. Red-tipped Cudweed Native casual<br />
Filago minima (Sm.) Pers. Small Cudweed Native<br />
Filago vulgaris Lam. Common Cudweed Native<br />
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. Meadowsweet Native
Filipendula vulgaris Moench Dropwort Native<br />
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ssp. sativum (C. Presl) Bertol. Fennel Introduced naturalised<br />
Fragaria ananassa (Duchesne) Duchesne Garden Strawberry Introduced naturalised<br />
Fragaria vesca L. Wild Strawberry Native<br />
Frangula alnus Mill. Alder Buckthorn Native<br />
Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl ssp. oxycarpa (M. Bieb. Ex Willd.) Franco &<br />
Rocha Afonso f. purpurascens P.D. Sell<br />
Narrow-leaved Ash Introduced survivor<br />
Fraxinus excelsior L. f. angustifolia (Schella) P.D. Sell<br />
f. aurea (Pers.) Schelle<br />
f. diversifolia (Aiton) Lingelsh.<br />
f. excelsior<br />
f. multifoliolata P.D. Sell<br />
14<br />
Ash Introduced survivor<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Native?<br />
Native<br />
Native? and introduced<br />
Fraxinus ornus L. Manna Ash Introduced survivor<br />
Fritillaria meleagris L. f. albi<strong>flora</strong> Zahar.<br />
Fritillary Native?<br />
f. meleagris<br />
Native?<br />
Fritillaria imperialis L. Crown-imperial Introduced survivor<br />
Fumaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. ssp. <strong>of</strong>ficinalis<br />
Common Fumitory Archaeophyte<br />
var. <strong>of</strong>ficinalis<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
ssp. wirtgenii (W.D.J. Koch) Arcang.<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
var. minor Hausskn.<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Galanthus cf. elewesii Hook. f. Greater Snowdrop Introduced naturalised<br />
Galanthus nivalis L. f. nivalis<br />
Snowdrop Introduced naturalised<br />
f. pleniflorus P.D. Sell<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. Green Snowdrop Introduced naturalised<br />
Galega <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Goat’s-rue Introduced naturalised<br />
Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. ex H<strong>of</strong>fm. Red Hemp-nettle Archaeophyte<br />
Galeopsis bifida Boenn. Bifid Hemp-nettle Native<br />
Galeopsis speciosa Mill. Large-flowered Hemp-nettle Archaeophyte<br />
Galeopsis tetrahit L. Common Hemp-nettle Native<br />
Galeopsis x ludwigii Hausskn. G. tetrahit x bifida Native<br />
Galinsoga parvi<strong>flora</strong> Cav. Gallant-soldier Introduced naturalised<br />
Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. Shaggy-soldier Introduced naturalised<br />
Galium aparine L. ssp. agreste P.D. Sell var. agreste<br />
‘Cushion’ Cleavers<br />
Native<br />
ssp. aparine<br />
Cleavers<br />
Native<br />
Galium album Mill. Hedge Bedstraw Native<br />
Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. Woodruff Introduced naturalised<br />
Galium palustre L. ssp. elongatum (C. Presl) Arcang.<br />
Great Marsh-bedstraw<br />
Native<br />
ssp. palustre<br />
Common Marsh-bedstraw Presence needs review<br />
ssp. tetraploideum A.R. Clapham<br />
‘Intermediate’ Marsh-bedstraw Native<br />
Galium parisiense L. Wall Bedstraw Native<br />
Galium saxatile L. Heath Bedstraw Native, extinct<br />
Galium tricornutum Dandy Corn Cleavers Archaeophyte<br />
Galium uliginosum L. Fen Bedstraw Native<br />
Galium verum L. var. verum Lady’s Bedstraw Native<br />
Galium x pomeranicum Retz. Hybrid Lady’s Bedstraw Native<br />
Gastridium ventricosum (Goudan) Schinz & Thell. Nit-grass Archaeophyte<br />
Genista tinctoria L. ssp. tinctoria Dyer’s Greenweed Native<br />
Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner ssp. amarella Autumn Gentian Native<br />
Geranium columbinum L. Long-stalked Crane’s-bill Native<br />
Geranium dissectum L. Cut-leaved Crane’s-bill Archaeophyte<br />
Geranium endressii J. Gay French Crane’s-bill Introduced naturalised<br />
Geranium lucidum L. Shining Crane’s-bill Introduced naturalised<br />
Geranium macrorrhizum L. Rock Crane’s-bill Introduced naturalised<br />
Geranium molle L. var. molle Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill Native<br />
Geranium pratense L. Meadow Crane’s-bill Native<br />
Geranium pusillum L. Small-flowered Crane’s-bill Native<br />
Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. albiflorum Schur<br />
Hedgerow crane’s-bill Introduced naturalised<br />
f. pyrenaicum<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Geranium robertianum L. ssp. robertianum<br />
Herb-Robert Native<br />
‘Album’<br />
Introduced naturalised
Geranium rotundifolium L. Round-leaved Crane’s-bill Native<br />
Geranium sanguineum L. var. sanguineum Bloody Crane’s-bill Introduced naturalised<br />
Geranium versicolor L. Pencilled Crane’s-bill Introduced naturalised<br />
Geranium x oxonianum Yeo Druce’s Crane’s-bill Introduced naturalised<br />
Geum urbanum L. Wood Avens Native<br />
Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. Corn Marigold Archaeophyte<br />
Glechoma hederacea L. var. grandi<strong>flora</strong> H. Mart.<br />
Ground-ivy Native<br />
var. hederacea<br />
Native<br />
Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. Floating Sweet-grass Native<br />
Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb. Reed Sweet-grass Native<br />
Glyceria notata Chevall. Plicate Sweet-grass Native<br />
Glyceria x pedicillata F. Towns Hybrid Sweet-grass Native<br />
Gnaphalium sylvaticum L. Heath Cudweed Native<br />
Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Marsh Cudweed Native<br />
Groenlandia densa (L.) Fourr. Opposite-leaved Pondweed Native<br />
Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. Chalk Fragrant-orchid Native, extinct<br />
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman Oak-fern Native<br />
Hedera colchica (K. Koch) K. Koch Persian Ivy Introduced naturalised<br />
Hedera helix L. f. helix<br />
Common Ivy<br />
Native<br />
f. pedata (Hibberd) Tobler<br />
Cv ‘Pedata’<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchin.) Bean f. irica P.D. Sell Atlantic Ivy Introduced naturalised<br />
Helian<strong>the</strong>mum nummularium (L.) Mill. Common Rock-rose Native, extinct<br />
Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke Introduced naturalised<br />
Helleborus foetidus L. Stinking Hellebore Introduced naturalised<br />
Helleborus viridis L. ssp. occidentalis (Reut.) Schiffn. Green Hellebore Native<br />
Helmintho<strong>the</strong>ca echioides (L.) Holub var. echioides<br />
var. incisa P.D. Sell<br />
var. pratensis (Chevall.) DC.<br />
15<br />
Bristly Oxtongue Archaeophyte<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Heracleum mantegazzianum agg. Giant Hogweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Heracleum sphondylium L. ssp. sphondylium f. sphondylium Hogweed Native<br />
Hesperis matronalis L. Dame’s-violet Introduced naturalised<br />
Hieracium acuminatum Jord. Tall Hawkweed Native<br />
Hieracium diaphanum Fr. Dark-leaved Hawkweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Hieracium sabaudum L. f. sabaudum Autumn Hawkweed Native<br />
Hieracium spilophaeum Jord. ex Boreau Spotted Hawkweed Native?<br />
Hieracium umbellatum L. ssp. umbellatum var. commune Fr. Umbellate Hawkweed Native<br />
Hieracium vagum Jord. Glabrous-headed Hawkweed Native<br />
Hippophae rhamnoides L. Sea-buckthorn Introduced survivor<br />
Hippuris vulgaris L. Mare’s-tail Native<br />
Holcus lanatus L. Yorkshire-fog Native<br />
Holcus mollis L. Creeping S<strong>of</strong>t-grass Native<br />
Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz Wood Barley Native<br />
Hordeum jubatum L. Foxtail Barley Introduced casual<br />
Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev<br />
Wall Barley Introduced casual<br />
ssp. murinum<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Hordeum secalinum Schreb. Meadow Barley Native<br />
Hordeum vulgare L. Six-rowed Barley Introduced casual<br />
Hottonia palustris L. Water-violet Native<br />
Humulus lupulus L.<br />
Hop<br />
Native<br />
‘Aureum’<br />
Golden Hop<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm. Spanish Bluebell Introduced naturalised<br />
Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm. Bluebell Native<br />
Hyacinthoides x massartiana Geerinck Hybrid Bluebell Introduced naturalised<br />
Hyacinthus orientalis L. Hyacinth Introduced casual<br />
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Frogbit Native<br />
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Marsh Pennywort Native<br />
Hyoscyamus niger L. Henbane Archaeophyte<br />
Hypericum androsaemum L. Tutsan Introduced naturalised<br />
Hypericum calycinum L. Rose-<strong>of</strong>-Sharon Introduced naturalised
Hypericum hirsutum L. Hairy St John’s-wort Native<br />
Hypericum humifusum L. Trailing St John’s-wort Native<br />
Hypericum perforatum L. Perforate St John’s-wort Native<br />
Hypericum pulchrum L. Slender St John’s-wort Native<br />
Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. Square-stalked St John’s-wort Native<br />
Hypericum xylosteifolium (Spach) N. Robson Turkish Tutsan Introduced naturalised<br />
Hypericum x inodorum Mill. Tall Tutsan Introduced naturalised<br />
Hypochaeris radicata L. ssp. radicata Cat’s-ear Native<br />
Ilex aquifolium L. Holly Introduced naturalised<br />
Impatiens capensis Meerb. Orange Balsam Introduced naturalised<br />
Impatiens glandulifera Royle Indian Balsam Introduced naturalised<br />
Impatiens parvi<strong>flora</strong> DC. Small Balsam Introduced naturalised<br />
Inula conyzae (Griess.) Meikle Ploughman’s-spikenard Native<br />
Inula helenium L. Elecampane Archaeophyte<br />
Iris foetidissima L. var. citrina Bromf.<br />
Stinking Iris Native?<br />
var. foetidissima<br />
Native<br />
Iris germanica L. Bearded Iris Introduced naturalised<br />
Iris pseudacorus L. var. pseudacorus Yellow Iris Native<br />
Isolepis fluitans (L.) R. Br. Floating Club-rush Native<br />
Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. Bristle Club-rush Native<br />
Juglans regia L. Walnut Introduced naturalised<br />
Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh. ex H<strong>of</strong>fm. Sharp-flowered Rush Native<br />
Juncus articulatus L. Jointed Rush Native<br />
Juncus bufonius L. Toad Rush Native<br />
Juncus bulbosus L. Bulbous Rush Native<br />
Juncus compressus Jacq. Round-fruited Rush Native<br />
Juncus conglomeratus L. var. conglomeratus<br />
Compact Rush Native<br />
var. subuliflorus (Drejer) Asch. & Graebn.<br />
Native<br />
Juncus effusus L. var. effusus S<strong>of</strong>t-rush Native<br />
Juncus inflexus L. Hard Rush Native<br />
Juncus subnodulosus Schrank Blunt-flowered Rush Native<br />
Juncus tenuis Willd. Slender Rush Introduced naturalised<br />
Juncus x diffusus Hoppe J. inflexus x effusus Native<br />
Kerria japonica (L.) DC. ‘Flore Pleno’ Kerria Introduced naturalised<br />
Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. Sharp-leaved Fluellen Archaeophyte<br />
Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. Round-leaved Fluellen Archaeophyte<br />
Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. Field Scabious Native<br />
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. Crested Hair-grass Native<br />
Laburnum anagyroides Medik. Laburnum Introduced naturalised<br />
Lactuca saligna L. Least Lettuce Native, extinct<br />
Lactuca serriola L. f. integrifolia (Gray) S.D. Prince & R.N. Carter Prickly Lettuce Archaeophyte<br />
Lactuca virosa L. f. lactucarii (Lamotte) P.D. Sell<br />
f. virosa<br />
Great Lettuce Native<br />
Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss ex V.A. Wager Curly Waterweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Lagurus ovatus L.<br />
Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek<br />
Hare’s-tail Introduced casual<br />
ssp. argentatum (Smejkal) Stace<br />
‘Variegated’ Yellow Archangel Introduced naturalised<br />
ssp. montanum (Pers.) Ehrend. & Polatschek var. montanum Yellow Archangel<br />
Native<br />
Lamium album L. White Dead-nettle Archaeophyte<br />
Lamium amplexicaule L. Henbit Dead-nettle Archaeophyte<br />
Lamium hybridum Vill. Cut-leaved Dead-nettle Archaeophyte<br />
Lamium maculatum (L.) L. Spotted Dead-nettle Introduced naturalised<br />
Lamium purpureum L. var. incisum (Willd.) Pers.<br />
var. purpureum<br />
Red Dead-nettle Archaeophyte<br />
Lapsana communis L. ssp. communis Nipplewort Native<br />
Larix decidua Mill. European Larch Introduced naturalised<br />
Larix x marschlinsii Coaz Hybrid Larch Introduced naturalised<br />
Lathraea clandestina L. Purple Toothwort Introduced naturalised<br />
Lathyrus aphaca L. Yellow Vetchling Introduced casual<br />
16
Lemna spp., Spirodela polyrhiza and Hydrocharis<br />
morsus-ranae at Woodwalton Fen<br />
17<br />
Datura stramonium var. chalybaea at Paxton pits<br />
Galanthus nivalis f. nivalis at Holme Fen
Lathyrus latifolius L. var. latifolius Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea Introduced naturalised<br />
Lathyrus nissola L. Grass Vetchling Native<br />
Lathyrus palustris L. var. palustris Marsh Pea Native<br />
Lathyrus pratensis L. var. pratensis Meadow Vetchling Native<br />
Lathyrus sylvestris L. Narrow-leaved Everlasting-pea Native<br />
Legousia hybrida (L.) Delarbre Venus’s-looking-glass Archaeophyte<br />
Lemna gibba L. Fat Duckweed Native<br />
Lemna minor L. Common Duckweed Native<br />
Lemna minuta Kunth Least Duckweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Lemna trisulca L. Ivy-leaved Duckweed Native<br />
Leontodon hispidus L. var. hispidus Rough Hawkbit Native<br />
Leontodon saxatilis Lam. Lesser Hawkbit Native<br />
Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton Field Pepperwort Archaeophyte<br />
Lepidium coronopus (L.) Al-Shehbaz Swine-cress Archaeophyte<br />
Lepidium didymum L. Lesser Swine-cress Introduced naturalised<br />
Lepidium draba L. ssp. chalapense (L.) Thell.<br />
Hoary Cress Introduced naturalised<br />
ssp. draba<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Lepidium heterophyllum Benth. Smith’s Pepperwort Native<br />
Lepidium latifolium L. Dittander Native<br />
Lepidium ruderale L. Narrow-leaved Pepperwort Archaeophyte<br />
Lepidium sativum L. Garden Cress Introduced casual<br />
Lepidium virginicum L. Least Pepperwort Introduced casual<br />
Leucan<strong>the</strong>mum vulgare Lam. ssp. vulgare var. vulgare Oxeye Daisy Native<br />
Leucan<strong>the</strong>mum x superbum (Bergmans ex J.W. Ingram) D.H. Kent Shasta Daisy Introduced naturalised<br />
Leucojum aestivum L. Summer Snowflake Introduced naturalised<br />
Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. f. aureum (Carrière) Rehder<br />
Garden Privet Introduced naturalised<br />
f. ovalifolium<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Ligustrum vulgare L. var. vulgare f. vulgare Wild Privet Native<br />
Lilium martagon L. Martagon Lily Introduced naturalised<br />
Limosella aquatica L. Mudwort Native, extinct<br />
Linaria purpurea (L.) Mill. Purple Toadflax Introduced naturalised<br />
Linaria repens (L.) Mill. Pale Toadflax Introduced naturalised<br />
Linaria vulgaris Mill. Common Toadflax Native<br />
Linaria x sepium G.J. Allman L. repens x vulgaris Native casual<br />
Linum catharticum L. var. catharticum Fairy Flax Native<br />
Linum perenne L. ssp. anglicum (Mill.) Ockendon Perennial Flax Native and introduced<br />
Linum usitatissimum L. var. crepitans Flax Introduced casual<br />
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. Fen Orchid Native, extinct<br />
Lithospermum arvense L. Field Gromwell Archaeophyte<br />
Lithospermum <strong>of</strong>ficinale L. Common Gromwell Native<br />
Lobelia erinus L. Garden Lobelia Introduced casual<br />
Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Sweet Alison Introduced casual<br />
Lolium multiflorum Lam. Italian Rye-grass Introduced naturalised<br />
Lolium perenne L. Perennial Rye-grass Native<br />
Lolium x boucheanum Kunth Hybrid Rye-grass Introduced naturalised<br />
Lolium temulentum L. Darnel Archaeophyte<br />
Lonicera nitida E.H. Wilson Wilson’s Honeysuckle Introduced naturalised<br />
Lonicera periclymenum L. var. hirsuta (Rouy) P.D. Sell Honeysuckle Native<br />
Lonicera pileata Oliv. Box-leaved Honeysuckle Introduced naturalised<br />
Lonicera tatarica L. Tartarian Honeysuckle Introduced naturalised<br />
Lotus corniculatus L. var. corniculatus<br />
var. sativus Hyl.<br />
Common Bird’s-foot-trefoil Native<br />
Lotus pedunculatus Cav. var. pedunculatus Greater Bird’s-foot-trefoil Native<br />
Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. Narrow-leaved Bird’s-foottrefoil<br />
Native<br />
Lunaria annua L. Honesty Introduced naturalised<br />
Luzula campestris (L.) DC. Field Wood-rush Native<br />
Luzula multi<strong>flora</strong> (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. congesta (Thuill.) Arcang<br />
ssp. multi<strong>flora</strong><br />
18<br />
‘Congested’ Heath Wood-rush<br />
Heath Wood-rush<br />
Native<br />
Native
Luzula pallescens Sw. Fen Wood-rush Native<br />
Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd. Hairy Wood-rush Native<br />
Lycium barbarum agg. Duke <strong>of</strong> Argyll’s Teaplant agg. Introduced naturalised<br />
Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub Marsh Clubmoss Native, extinct<br />
Lycopus europaeus L. Gypsywort Native<br />
Lysimachia nemorum L. Yellow Pimpernel Native<br />
Lysimachia nummularia L. Creeping-Jenny Native<br />
Lysimachia punctata L. Dotted Loosestrife Introduced naturalised<br />
Lysimachia vulgaris L. Yellow Loosestrife Native<br />
Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Grass-poly Native<br />
Lythrum junceum Banks & Sol. False Grass-poly Introduced casual<br />
Lythrum portula (L.) D.A. Webb ssp. portula Water-purslane Native<br />
Lythrum salicaria L. Purple-loosestrife Native<br />
Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Oregon-grape Introduced naturalised<br />
Malus pumila Mill. Apple Introduced naturalised<br />
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. sens. str.<br />
Crab Apple Native<br />
‘pubescent sepals’<br />
Native?<br />
Malus x purpurea (E. Barbier) Rehder Purple Crab Introduced survivor<br />
Malva moschata L. f. laciniatus (Desr.) Hayek<br />
f. heterophylla (Vis.) Hayek<br />
f. moschata<br />
19<br />
Musk-mallow Native<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Malva neglecta Wallr. Dwarf Mallow Archaeophyte<br />
Malva pusilla Sm. Small Mallow Introduced casual<br />
Malva sylvestris L. var. sylvestris Common Mallow Archaeophyte<br />
Malva x clementii (Cheek) Stace Garden Tree-mallow Introduced survivor<br />
Marrubium vulgare L. White Horehound Native and introduced<br />
Matricaria chamomilla L. Scented Mayweed Archaeophyte<br />
Matricaria discoidea DC. ssp. discoidea Pineappleweed Introduced naturalised<br />
Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig. Welsh Poppy Introduced naturalised<br />
Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. Spotted Medick Native<br />
Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. Tattered Medick Introduced casual<br />
Medicago lupulina L. var. cupaniana (Guss.) Boiss.<br />
var. lupulina<br />
var. major G. Mey.<br />
Black Medick Introduced naturalised<br />
Native<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. Bur Medick Introduced casual<br />
Medicago polymorpha L. Too<strong>the</strong>d Medick Introduced casual<br />
Medicago praecox DC. Early Medick Introduced casual<br />
Medicago sativa L. ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang.<br />
Lucerne Introduced naturalised<br />
ssp. sativa<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Melampyrum cristatum L. Crested Cow-wheat Native<br />
Melampyrum pratense L. ssp. pratense Common Cow-wheat Native, extinct<br />
Melica uni<strong>flora</strong> Retz. Wood Melick Native<br />
Melilotus albus Medik. White Melilot Introduced naturalised<br />
Melilotus altissimus Thuill. Tall Melilot Archaeophyte?<br />
Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Small Melilot Introduced casual<br />
Melilotus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis (L.) Pall. Ribbed Melilot Introduced naturalised<br />
Melissa <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Balm Introduced naturalised<br />
Mentha aquatica L. Water Mint Native<br />
Mentha arvensis L. Corn Mint Native<br />
Mentha pulegium L. Pennyroyal Native<br />
Mentha spicata L. Spear Mint Introduced naturalised<br />
Mentha x gracilis Sole Bushy Mint Introduced naturalised<br />
Mentha x piperita L. Peppermint Introduced naturalised<br />
Mentha x smithiana R.A. Graham Tall Mint Introduced naturalised<br />
Mentha x verticillata L. Whorled Mint Native<br />
Menyan<strong>the</strong>s trifoliata L. Bog-bean Extinct native? &<br />
introduced<br />
Mercurialis annua L. Annual Mercury Archaeophyte<br />
Mercurialis perennis L. Dog’s Mercury Native
Milium effusum L. Wood Millet Native<br />
Moehringia trinerva (L.) Clairv. Three-veined Sandwort Native<br />
Moenchia erecta (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey & Schreb. Upright Chickweed Native, extinct<br />
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench ssp. arundinacea (Schrank) K. Richt. Purple Moor-grass Native<br />
ssp. caerulea<br />
Needs confirmation<br />
Monsonia brevirostrata R. Knuth Short-fruited Dysentery-herb Introduced casual<br />
Montia fontana L. ssp. chondrosperma (Fenzl) Walters Blinks Native<br />
Morus nigra L. Black Mulberry Introduced survivor<br />
Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker Garden Grape-hyacinth Introduced naturalised<br />
Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. Grape-hyacinth Introduced naturalised<br />
Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. Wall Lettuce Native<br />
Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill ssp. arvensis var. arvensis<br />
Field Forget-me-not Archaeophyte<br />
ssp. umbrata (Mert.) & W.D.J. Koch<br />
Native<br />
Myosotis discolor Pers. ssp. dubia (Arrond.) Blaise Changing Forget-me-not Native<br />
Myosotis laxa Lehm. Tufted Forget-me-not Native<br />
Myosotis ramosissima Rochel Early Forget-me-not Native<br />
Myosotis scorpioides L. Water Forget-me-not Native<br />
Myosotis secunda Al. Murray Creeping Forget-me-not Record dubious<br />
Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex H<strong>of</strong>fm. var. culta Wood Forget-me-not Introduced naturalised<br />
Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench Water Chickweed Native<br />
Myosurus minimus L. Mousetail Native<br />
Myrica gale L. Bog-myrtle Native<br />
Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. Alternate Water-milfoil Native<br />
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Parrot’s-fea<strong>the</strong>r Introduced naturalised<br />
Myriophyllum spicatum L. Spiked Water-milfoil Native<br />
Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Whorled Water-milfoil Native<br />
Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. Sweet Cicely Introduced naturalised<br />
Narcissus agg. Daffodil agg. Introduced naturalised<br />
Narcissus poeticus L. ssp. poeticus Pheasant’s-eye Daffodil Introduced naturalised<br />
Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. var. humilis Pugsley Daffodil Introduced naturalised<br />
Narcissus x cyclazetta Chater & Stace ‘Tête à Tête’ Head-to-head Daffodil Introduced naturalised<br />
Nar<strong>the</strong>cium ossifragum (L.) Huds. Bog Asphodel Native, extinct<br />
Nasturtium microphyllum (Boenn.) Rchb. Narrow-fruited Water-cress Native<br />
Nasturtium <strong>of</strong>ficinale W.T. Aiton Water-cress Native<br />
Nasturtium x sterile (Airy Shaw) Oefelein Hybrid Water-cress Native<br />
Neotinea ustulata (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Burnt Orchid Native, extinct<br />
Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich. Bird’s-nest Orchid Native<br />
Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. Common Twayblade Native<br />
Nepeta cataria L. Cat-mint Archaeophyte<br />
Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Apple-<strong>of</strong>-Peru Introduced casual<br />
Nigella damascena L. Love-in-<strong>the</strong>-mist Introduced naturalised<br />
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Yellow Water-lily Native<br />
Nymphaea alba L. ssp. alba White Water-lily Native<br />
Nymphaea marliaceae Lat.-Marl. Coloured Water-lily Introduced naturalised<br />
Nymphoides peltata Kuntze Fringed Water-lily Native<br />
Odontites vernus (Bellardi) Dumort. ssp. serotinus (Syme) Corb. Red Bartsia Native<br />
Oenan<strong>the</strong> aquatica (L.) Poir. Fine-leaved Water-dropwort Native<br />
Oenan<strong>the</strong> crocata L. Hemlock Water-dropwort Native<br />
Oenan<strong>the</strong> fistulosa L. Tubular Water-dropwort Native<br />
Oenan<strong>the</strong> fluviatilis (Bab.) Coleman River Water-dropwort Native<br />
Oenan<strong>the</strong> lachenalii C.C. Gmel. Parsley Water-dropwort Native<br />
Oenan<strong>the</strong> silaifolia M. Bieb. Narrow-leaved Waterdropwort<br />
Native<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra biennis L. Common Evening-primrose Introduced naturalised<br />
Oeno<strong>the</strong>ra glazioviana P. Micheli Large-flowered Eveningprimrose<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Sainfoin Introduced naturalised<br />
Ononis repens L. ssp. repens Common Restharrow Native<br />
Ononis spinosa L. Spiny Restharrow Native<br />
20
Onopordum acanthium L. Cotton Thistle Archaeophyte and<br />
casual<br />
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Adder’s-tongue Native<br />
Ophrys apifera Huds. var. apifera Bee Orchid Native<br />
Ophrys insectifera L. Fly Orchid Native, extinct<br />
Orchis mascula (L.) L. Early Purple-orchid Native<br />
Oreopteris limbosperma (All.) Holub Lemon-scented Fern Native, extinct<br />
Origanum vulgare L. Wild Marjoram Native? and introduced<br />
Ornithogalum nutans L. Drooping Star-<strong>of</strong>-Bethlehem Introduced naturalised<br />
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum L. Spiked Star-<strong>of</strong> Bethlehem Native<br />
Ornithogalum umbellatum L. ssp. campestre Rouy Star-<strong>of</strong>-Bethlehem Native<br />
Ornithopus perpusillus L. Bird’s-foot Introduced casual<br />
Orobanche elatior Sutton Knapweed Broomrape Native<br />
Orobanche minor Sm. ssp. minor Common Broomrape Native<br />
Osmunda regalis L. Royal-fern Native<br />
Oxalis acetosella L. Wood Sorrel Native<br />
Oxalis articulata Savigny Pink-sorrel Introduced naturalised<br />
Oxalis corniculata L. var. atropurpurea Planch. Procumbent Yellow-sorrel Introduced naturalised<br />
Oxalis exilis A. Cunn. Least Yellow-sorrel Introduced naturalised<br />
Oxalis stricta L. Upright Yellow-sorrel Introduced casual<br />
Panicum miliaceum L. Common Millet Introduced naturalised<br />
Papaver argemone L. Prickly Poppy Archaeophyte<br />
Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Coss. Atlas Poppy Introduced naturalised<br />
Papaver dubium L. Long-headed Poppy Archaeophyte<br />
Papaver hybridum L. Rough Poppy Archaeophyte<br />
Papaver lecoqii Lamotte Yellow-juiced Poppy Archaeophyte<br />
Papaver rhoeas L. Common Poppy Archaeophyte<br />
Papaver somniferum L. ssp. somniferum wild type<br />
Opium Poppy Archaeophyte<br />
‘Flore Pleno’<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Parapholis strigosa (Dumort.) C.E. Hubb. Hard-grass Native (halophyte)<br />
Parietaria judaica L. Pellitory-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong>-wall Native<br />
Paris quadrifolia L. Herb-Paris Native<br />
Parnassia palustris L. Grass-<strong>of</strong>-Parnassus Native, extinct<br />
Par<strong>the</strong>nocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia-creeper Introduced casual<br />
Pastinca sativa L. ssp. sylvestris (Mill.) Rouy & E.G. Camus Wild Parsnip Native<br />
Pedicularis palustris L. Marsh Lousewort Native<br />
Pedicularis sylvatica L. ssp. sylvatica Lousewort Native<br />
Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch ex L.H. Bailey Green Alkanet Introduced naturalised<br />
Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre Amphibious Bistort Native<br />
Persicaria bistorta (L.) Samp. Bistort Native?, extinct<br />
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre var. hydropiper Water-pepper Native<br />
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre Pale Persicaria Native<br />
Persicaria maculosa Gray Redshank Native<br />
Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz Small Water-pepper Native<br />
Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Assenov Tasteless Water-pepper Native<br />
Petasites fragrans (Vill.) C. Presl Winter Heliotrope Introduced naturalised<br />
Petasites hybridus (L.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. Butterbur Native<br />
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss Garden Parsley Introduced casual<br />
Petroselinum segetum (L.) W.D.J. Koch Corn Parsley Native<br />
Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. Phacelia Introduced casual<br />
Phalaris aquatica L. Bulbous Canary-grass Introduced naturalised<br />
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea<br />
Reed Canary-grass<br />
Native<br />
var. picta L.<br />
Gardener’s-garters<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Phalaris canariensis L. Canary-grass Introduced naturalised<br />
Phalaris minor Retz. Lesser Canary-grass Introduced casual<br />
Phalaris paradoxa L. Awned Canary-grass Introduced naturalised<br />
Philadelphus coronarius L. Mock-orange Introduced survivor<br />
Philadelphus x virginalis agg. Hairy Mock-orange Introduced survivor<br />
Phleum bertolonii DC. Smaller Cat’s-tail Native<br />
21
Butomus umbellatus and Crassula helmsii at Cow Lane Pits Orchis mascula at Aversley Wood<br />
Helleborus foetidus at Paxton Pits Verbena bonariensis at Paxton Pits<br />
22
Phleum pratense L. Timothy Native<br />
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed Native<br />
Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. ssp. abies var. abies Norway Spruce Introduced naturalised<br />
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière Sitka Spruce Introduced naturalised<br />
Picris hieracioides L. Hawkweed Oxtongue Native<br />
Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. ssp. carpathicola<br />
(Nägeli & Peter) Soják<br />
Fox-and-cubs Introduced naturalised<br />
Pilosella <strong>of</strong>ficinarum F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip.<br />
ssp. micradenia (Nageli & Peter) P.D. Sell & C. West<br />
ssp. <strong>of</strong>ficinarum<br />
23<br />
Mouse-ear-hawkweed<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Pilularia globulifera L. Pillwort Native, extinct<br />
Pimpinella major (L.) Huds. Greater Burnet-saxifrage Native<br />
Pimpinella saxifraga L. Burnet Saxifrage Native<br />
Pinguicula vulgaris L. Common Butterwort Native, extinct<br />
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon ssp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critchf. Lodgepole Pine Introduced survivor<br />
Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold ssp. nigra Austrian Pine Introduced survivor<br />
Pinus sylvestris L. Scot’s Pine Introduced naturalised<br />
Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Branched Plantain Introduced casual<br />
Plantago coronopus L.<br />
Buck’s-horn Plantain Native (halophyte)<br />
Plantago lanceolata L. var. bakeri C.E. Salmon<br />
var. lanceolata<br />
var. latifolia Wimm. & Grab.<br />
Plantago major L. ssp. intermedia (Gilib.)Lange<br />
ssp. major<br />
Ribwort Plantain Introduced naturalised<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
‘Hairy’ Greater Plantain<br />
Native<br />
Greater Plantain<br />
Native<br />
Plantago media L. var. media Hoary Plantain Native<br />
Platan<strong>the</strong>ra chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. Greater Butterfly-orchid Native<br />
Platanus x hispanica Mill. ex Münchh. London Plane Introduced survivor<br />
Poa angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved Meadow-grass Native<br />
Poa annua L. f. annua Annual Meadow-grass Native<br />
Poa compressa L. Flattened Meadow-grass Native<br />
Poa humilis Ehrh. ex H<strong>of</strong>fm. Spreading Meadow-grass Native<br />
Poa infirma Kunth Early Meadow-grass Native casual<br />
Poa nemoralis L. Wood Meadow-grass Native<br />
Poa palustris L. Swamp Meadow-grass Introduced naturalised<br />
Poa pratensis L. Smooth Meadow-grass Native<br />
Poa trivialis L. Rough Meadow-grass Native<br />
Polygala serpyllifolia Hosé Heath Milkwort Native<br />
Polygala vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris Common Milkwort Native<br />
Polygonum arenastrum Boreau Equal-leaved Knotgrass Archaeophyte<br />
Polygonum aviculare L. Knotgrass Native<br />
Polygonum rurivagum Jord. ex Boreau Cornfield Knotgrass Archaeophyte<br />
Polypodium interjectum Shivas Intermediate Polypody Native<br />
Polypodium vulgare L. Polypody Native<br />
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Annual Beard-grass Introduced casual<br />
Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Water Bent Introduced naturalised<br />
Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Hard Shield-fern Native, extinct<br />
Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) T. Moore ex Woyn. S<strong>of</strong>t Shield-fern Native<br />
Populus alba L. White Poplar Introduced naturalised<br />
Populus nigra L. ssp. betulifolia (Pursh) Dippel<br />
‘Elegans’<br />
‘Plantierensis’<br />
Black Poplar<br />
Plantier’s Poplar<br />
Native<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Populus tremula L. Aspen Native<br />
Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook. Western Balsam-poplar Introduced naturalised<br />
Populus x canadensis Moench Canadian Poplar Introduced naturalised<br />
Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm. Grey Poplar Introduced naturalised<br />
Populus x jackii Sarg. ‘Aurora’ Balm-<strong>of</strong>-Gilead Introduced naturalised<br />
Portulaca oleracea L. Common Purslane Introduced naturalised<br />
Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber Small Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton coloratus Hornem. Fen Pondweed Native
Potamogeton crispus L. Curled Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton friesii Rupr. Flat-stalked Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton gramineus L. Various-leaved Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton lucens L. Shining Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton natans L. Broad-leaved Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton pectinatus L. Fennel Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Perfoliate Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen Long-stalked Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton pusillus L. Lesser Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl. Hairlike Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton x angustifolius J. Presl. Long-leaved Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton x cooperi (Fryer) Fryer Cooper’s Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton x fluitans Roth P. natans x lucens Native<br />
Potamogeton x salicifolius Wolfg. Willow-leaved Pondweed Native<br />
Potamogeton x sparganiifolius Laest. ex Fr. Ribbon-leaved Pondweed Native<br />
Potentilla anglica Laichard. Trailing Tormentil Native<br />
Potentilla anserina L. Silverweed Native<br />
Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. ssp. erecta Tormentil Native<br />
Potentilla norvegica L. Ternate-leaved Cinquefoil Introduced naturalised<br />
Potentilla recta L. Sulphur Cinquefoil Introduced naturalised<br />
Potentilla reptans L. Creeping Cinquefoil Native<br />
Potentilla sterilis (L.) Garcke Barren Strawberry Native<br />
Poterium sanguisorba L. ssp. balearicum (Bourg. ex Nyman) Stace Fodder Burnet<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
ssp. sanguisorba<br />
Salad Burnet<br />
Native<br />
Primula elatior (L.) Hill Oxslip Native<br />
Primula veris L. Cowslip Native<br />
Primula vulgaris Huds. Primrose Native<br />
Primula x digenea A. Kern. P. vulgaris x elatior Native<br />
Primula x media Peterm. P. veris x elatior Native<br />
Primula x polyantha Mill. wild type<br />
False Oxlip<br />
Native<br />
cultivars<br />
Polyanthus<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Prunella vulgaris L. f. leucantha (Schur) Hegi<br />
Selfheal Native<br />
f. vulgaris<br />
Native<br />
Prunus avium (L.) L. wild type<br />
Wild Cherry<br />
Native? and introduced<br />
‘Plena’<br />
Double Gean<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. var. cerasifera<br />
var. pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey (including<br />
‘Nigra’)<br />
Prunus domestica L. ssp. domestica<br />
ssp. insititia (L.) Bonnier & Layens<br />
‘Shepherd’s Bullace’<br />
24<br />
Cherry Plum<br />
Purple Cherry Plum<br />
Plum<br />
Bullace and Damson<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Prunus laurocerasus L. f. laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Introduced naturalised<br />
Prunus lusitanica L. Portugal Laurel Introduced naturalised<br />
Prunus padus L. Bird Cherry Introduced survivor<br />
Prunus serotina Ehrh. Rum Cherry Introduced survivor<br />
Prunus spinosa L. Blackthorn Native<br />
Pseud<strong>of</strong>umaria lutea (L.) Borkh. Yellow Corydalis Introduced naturalised<br />
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn ssp. aquilinum Bracken Native<br />
Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. ssp. distans Reflexed Saltmarsh-grass Native (halophyte)<br />
Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. Common Fleabane Native<br />
Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. Small Fleabane Native, extinct<br />
Pulmonaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Lungwort Introduced naturalised<br />
Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. Pasqueflower Native, extinct<br />
Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. Firethorn Introduced survivor<br />
Pyrus communis L. Pear Introduced naturalised<br />
Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. ssp. pyraster Wild Pear Native<br />
Quercus cerris L. Turkey oak Introduced naturalised<br />
Quercus ilex L. Holm Oak Introduced naturalised<br />
Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Sessile Oak Introduced naturalised
Quercus robur L. Pedunculate Oak Native<br />
Quercus x turneri Willd. Turner’s Oak Introduced survivor<br />
Ranunculus acris L. ssp. acris Meadow Buttercup Native<br />
Ranunculus aquatilis L. Common Water-crowfoot Native<br />
Ranunculus arvensis L. Corn Buttercup Archaeophyte<br />
Ranunculus auricomus L. Goldilocks Buttercup Native<br />
Ranunculus baudotii Godr. Brackish Water-crowfoot Record doubtful<br />
Ranunculus bulbosus L. Bulbous Buttercup Native<br />
Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. Fan-leaved Water-crowfoot Native<br />
Ranunculus flammula L. ssp. flammula var. flammula Lesser Spearwort Native<br />
Ranunculus fluitans Lam. River Water-crowfoot Native<br />
Ranunculus hederaceus L. Ivy-leaved Crowfoot Native<br />
Ranunculus lingua L. Greater Spearwort Native<br />
Ranunculus parviflorus L. Small-flowered Buttercup Native<br />
Ranunculus peltatus Schrank Pond Water-crowfoot Native<br />
Ranunculus repens L. Creeping Buttercup Native<br />
Ranunculus sardous Crantz Hairy Buttercup Native<br />
Ranunculus sceleratus L. Celery-leaved Buttercup Native<br />
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix Thread-leaved Water-crowfoot Native<br />
Raphanus raphanistrum L. ssp. raphanistrum<br />
var.ochroleucus (Stokes) Peterm.<br />
var. raphanistrum<br />
25<br />
Wild Radish<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Raphanus sativus L. Garden Radish Introduced casual<br />
Rapistrum rugosum (L.) Bergeret ssp. linnaeanum (Coss.) Rouy &<br />
Foucaud<br />
Bastard Cabbage Introduced naturalised<br />
Reseda lutea L. Wild Mignonette Native<br />
Reseda luteola L. Weld Archaeophyte<br />
Rhamnus cathartica L. var. cathartica<br />
Buckthorn Native<br />
var. schroeteri DC.<br />
Native<br />
Rheum x rhabarbarum L. Rhubarb Introduced naturalised<br />
Rhinanthus minor L. ssp. minor<br />
‘Common’ Yellow-rattle<br />
Native<br />
ssp. stenophyllus O. Schwarz<br />
‘Fen’ Yellow-rattle<br />
Native<br />
Rhododendron ponticum L. Rhododendron Introduced naturalised<br />
Rhus typhina L. Sumach Introduced naturalised<br />
Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl White Beak-sedge Native, extinct<br />
Ribes nigrum L. Black Currant Introduced naturalised<br />
Ribes rubrum L. Red Currant Native<br />
Ribes sanguineum Pursh Flowering Current Introduced naturalised<br />
Ribes spicatum E. Robson Downy Currant Introduced naturalised<br />
Ribes uva-crispa L. Gooseberry Introduced naturalised<br />
Robinia pseudoacacia L. False Acacia Introduced naturalised<br />
Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser Great Yellow-cress Native<br />
Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser Austrian Yellow-cress Introduced naturalised<br />
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser Marsh Yellow-cress Native<br />
Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Creeping Yellow-cress Native<br />
Rorippa x anceps (Wahlenb.) Rchb. Hybrid Yellow-cress Native<br />
Rosa arvensis Huds. Field-rose Native<br />
Rosa canina L. group ‘Dumales’<br />
Dog-rose Native<br />
group ‘Lutetianae’<br />
Native<br />
group ‘Pubescentes’<br />
Native<br />
group ‘Transitoriae’<br />
Native<br />
Rosa micrantha Borrer ex Sm. Small-flowered Sweet-briar Native<br />
Rosa obtusifolia Desv. Round-leaved Dog-rose Native<br />
Rosa rubiginosa L. Sweet-briar Native and introduced<br />
Rosa rugosa Thunb. Japanese Rose Introduced naturalised<br />
Rosa sheradii Davies Sherard’s Downy-rose<br />
Rosa spinosissima L. Burnet Rose Introduced naturalised<br />
Rosa stylosa Desv. Short-styled Rose Native<br />
Rosa tomentosa Sm. Harsh Downy-rose Native
Rosa x andegavensis Bastard R. stylosa x canina Native<br />
Rosa x dumalis Bechst. R. canina x caesia Native<br />
Rosa x dumetorum Thuill. R. canina x obtusifolia Native<br />
Rosa x irregularis Déségl. & Guillon R. arvensis x canina Native<br />
Rosa x nitidula Besser R. canina x rubiginosa Native<br />
Rosa x rouyana Duffort ex Rouy R. arvensis x obtusifolia Native<br />
Rosa x scabriuscula Sm. R. canina x tomentosa Native<br />
Rosa x toddiae Wolley-Dod R. canina x micrantha Native<br />
Rubus adamsii Sudre A bramble Native<br />
Rubus adspersus Weihe ex H. Weber A bramble Native<br />
Rubus armeniacus Focke Himalayan Giant Introduced naturalised<br />
Rubus arrheniiformis W.C.R. Watson A bramble Native<br />
Rubus bucknallii J.W. White A bramble Native<br />
Rubus caesius L. Dewberry Native<br />
Rubus cardiophyllus Lefèvre & P.J. Müll. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus conjugens (Bab.) Rogers A bramble Native<br />
Rubus dasyphyllus (W.M. Rogers) E.S. Marshall A bramble Native<br />
Rubus eboracensis W.C.R. Watson A bramble Native<br />
Rubus echinatoides (Rogers) Dallman A bramble Native<br />
Rubus echinatus Lindley A bramble Native<br />
Rubus fruticosus L. agg. Brambles Predominantly native<br />
Rubus hindii A.L. Bull A bramble Native<br />
Rubus idaeus L. Raspberry Native<br />
Rubus insectifolius Lef. & P.J. Müll. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus leightonii Lees ex Leighton A bramble Native<br />
Rubus lindleianus Lees A bramble Native<br />
Rubus macrophyllus Weihe & Nees A bramble Native<br />
Rubus nemoralis P.J. Müll. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus nemorosus Hayne & Willd. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus newbridgensis W.C. Barton & Riddelsd. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus percrispus D. Allen & R.D. Randall A bramble Native<br />
Rubus pistoris W.C. Barton & Riddelsd. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus polyan<strong>the</strong>mus Lindeb. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus pruinosus Arrh. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus radula Weihe ex Boenn. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus raduloides (Rogers) Sudre A bramble Native<br />
Rubus rhombifolius Weihe ex Boenn. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus rudis Weihe A bramble Native<br />
Rubus rufescens Lef. & P.J. Müll. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus tuberculatus Bab. A bramble Native<br />
Rubus ulmifolius Schott Elm-leaved Bramble Native<br />
Rubus vestitus Weihe A bramble Native<br />
Rubus vigorosus P.J. Müll. & Wirtgen A bramble Native<br />
Rubus watsonii Mills A bramble Native<br />
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. acetosa Common Sorrel Native<br />
Rumex acetosella L.<br />
Sheep’s Sorrel Native<br />
ssp. acetosella<br />
Native<br />
Rumex conglomeratus Murray Clustered Dock Native<br />
Rumex crispus L. ssp. crispus Curled Dock Native<br />
Rumex hydrolapathum Huds. Water Dock Native<br />
Rumex maritimus L. Golden Dock Native<br />
Rumex obtusifolius L. Broad-leaved Dock Native<br />
Rumex palustris Sm. Marsh Dock Native<br />
Rumex pulcher L. Fiddle Dock Native<br />
Rumex sanguineus L. var. viridis Sibth. Wood Dock Native<br />
Rumex x pratensis Mert. & W.D.J. Koch R. crispus x obtusifolius Native<br />
Rumex x weberi Fisch.-Benz. R. hydrolapathum x obtusifolius Native<br />
Ruscus aculeatus L. Butcher’s-broom Introduced naturalised<br />
Sagina apetala Ard. Annual Pearlwort Native<br />
26
Iris foetidissima var. citrina at Godmanchester<br />
27<br />
Caltha palustris at Eynesbury<br />
Silene dioica by <strong>the</strong> Ellington Brook
Sagina filicaulis Jord. Slender Pearlwort Native<br />
Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl Knotted Pearlwort Native, extinct<br />
Sagina procumbens L. Procumbent Pearlwort Native<br />
Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Arrowhead Native<br />
Salix alba L. var. alba<br />
var. caerulea (Sm.) Sm.<br />
var. vitellina (L.) Stokes f. vitellina<br />
28<br />
White Willow<br />
Cricket-bat Willow<br />
Golden Willow<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Salix aurita L. Eared Willow Extinct Native and<br />
introduced<br />
Salix caprea L. ssp. caprea Goat Willow Native<br />
Salix cinerea L. ssp. cinerea<br />
Grey Willow Native<br />
ssp. oleifolia Macreight<br />
Native<br />
Salix daphnoides Vill. European Violet-willow Introduced survivor<br />
Salix fragilis L. var. decipiens (H<strong>of</strong>fm.) W.D.J. Koch<br />
Crack-willow<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
var. furcata Ser. ex Gaudin.<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
var. russelliana (Sm.) W.D.J. Koch<br />
Bedford Willow<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Salix pentandra L. Bay Willow Introduced survivor<br />
Salix purpurea L. ssp. lambertiana (Sm.) Macreight<br />
Purple Willow Introduced naturalised<br />
ssp. purpurea<br />
Native<br />
Salix repens L. var. fusca Wimm. & Grab. Creeping Willow Native<br />
Salix triandra L. Almond Willow Archaeophyte<br />
Salix vimnalis L. var. linearifolia Wimm. & Grab.<br />
Osier Archaeophyte<br />
var. vimnalis<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Salix x calodendron Wimm. Holme Willow Native<br />
Salix x holosericea Willd. Silky-leaved Osier Native<br />
Salix x mollissima H<strong>of</strong>fm. ex Elwert Sharp-stipuled Willow Archaeophyte<br />
Salix x multinervis Döll S. cinerea x aurita Native<br />
Salix x pendulina Wender. Weeping Crack-willow Introduced survivor<br />
Salix x reichardtii A. Kern. S. caprea x cinerea Native<br />
Salix x rubens Schrank<br />
Hybrid Crack-willow Archaeophyte<br />
nothovar. basfordiana (Scaling ex S.J.A. Salter) Meikle<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Salix x rubra Huds. Green-leaved Willow Native<br />
Salix x sepulchralis Simonk. nothovar. chrysosoma (Dode) Meikle Weeping Willow Introduced naturalised<br />
Salix x smithiana Willd. Broad-leaved Osier Native<br />
Salsola kali L. ssp. tragus (L.) Čelak. Spineless Saltwort Introduced casual<br />
Salvia pratensis L. Meadow Clary Introduced naturalised<br />
Salvia verbenaca L. ssp. horminioides (Pourr.) Nyman Wild Clary Native<br />
Salvia verticillata L. Whorled Clary Introduced casual<br />
Sambucus ebulus L. Dwarf Elder Archaeophyte<br />
Sambucus nigra L. f. aurea (Sweet) Schwer.<br />
Golden Elder<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
f. laciniata (L.) Zabel<br />
Parsley-leaved Elder<br />
Native? and introduced<br />
f. nigra<br />
Elder<br />
Native<br />
f. viridis (Weston) Schwer.<br />
Native<br />
Sambucus racemosa L. Red-berried Elder Introduced naturalised<br />
Samolus valerandi L. Brookweed Native<br />
Sanguisorba <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Great Burnet Native<br />
Sanicula europaea L. Sanicle Native<br />
Saponaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. wild type Soapwort Archaeophyte<br />
Saxifraga granulata L. Meadow Saxifrage Native<br />
Saxifraga tridactylites L. Rue-leaved Saxifrage Native<br />
Scabiosa columbaria L. Small Scabious Native<br />
Scandix pecten-veneris L. Shepherd’s-needle Archaeophyte<br />
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. Tall Fescue Native<br />
Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub Giant Fescue Native<br />
Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv. Meadow Fescue Native<br />
Schedonorus x fleischeri (Rohlena) Holub S. arundicaceus x giganteus Native<br />
Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla Common Club-rush Native<br />
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla Grey Club-rush Native<br />
Schoenus nigricans L. Black Bog-rush Native, extinct<br />
Scleranthus annuus L. ssp. annuus Annual Knawel Native
Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench Autumn Hawkbit Native<br />
Scrophularia auriculata L. Water Figwort Native<br />
Scrophularia nodosa L. var. nodosa Common Figwort Native<br />
Scutellaria galericulata L. Skullcap Native<br />
Securigera varia (L.) Lassen Crown Vetch Introduced naturalised<br />
Sedum acre L. Biting Stonecrop Native<br />
Sedum album L. White Stonecrop Archaeophyte<br />
Sedum dasyphyllum L. Thick-leaved Stonecrop Introduced naturalised<br />
Sedum forsterianum Sm. Rock Stonecrop Introduced naturalised<br />
Sedum rupestre L. Reflexed Stonecrop Introduced naturalised<br />
Sedum spectabile Boreau Butterfly Stonecrop Introduced naturalised<br />
Sedum spurium M. Bieb. Caucasian-stonecrop Introduced naturalised<br />
Sedum telephium L. Orpine Native<br />
Sempervivum tectorum L. Houseleek Introduced naturalised<br />
Senecio aquaticus Hill ssp. aquaticus var. aquaticus Marsh Ragwort Native<br />
Senecio erucifolius L. var. commune Rouy Hoary Ragwort Native<br />
Senecio sarracenicus L. Broad-leaved Ragwort Introduced naturalised<br />
Senecio jacobaea L. var. jacobaea Common Ragwort Native<br />
Senecio paludosus L. Fen Ragwort Native (re-introduced)<br />
Senecio squalidus L. ssp. rupestris (Waldst. & Kit.) P.D. Sell var.<br />
pinnatifidus (Vis.) P.D. Sell<br />
Oxford Ragwort Introduced naturalised<br />
Senecio sylvaticus L. var. sylvaticus Heath Groundsel Native<br />
Senecio viscosus L. Sticky Groundsel Native?<br />
Senecio vulgaris L ssp. vulgaris var. hibernicus Syme<br />
var. vulgaris<br />
Groundsel Native<br />
Senecio x albescens Burb. & Colgan S. cineraria x jacobaea Introduced naturalised<br />
Senecio x subnebrodensis Simonk. S. squalidus x viscosus Introduced casual<br />
Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz Wellingtonia Introduced survivor<br />
Serratula tinctoria L. var. tinctoria Saw-wort Native<br />
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Yellow Bristle-grass Introduced casual<br />
Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Rough Bristle-grass Introduced casual<br />
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Green Bristle-grass Introduced casual<br />
Sherardia arvensis L. Field Madder Native<br />
Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell. Pepper-saxifrage Native<br />
Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. Rose Campion Introduced naturalised<br />
Silene dichotoma Ehrh. Forked Catchfly Introduced casual<br />
Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. Red Campion Native and introduced<br />
Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Clairv. Ragged-robin Native<br />
Silene gallica L. Small-flowered Catchfly Introduced casual<br />
Silene latifolia Poir. ssp. alba (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet White Campion Archaeophyte<br />
Silene nocti<strong>flora</strong> L. Night-flowering Campion Archaeophyte<br />
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ssp. vulgaris Bladder Campion Native<br />
Silene x hampeana Meusel & K. Werner Hybrid Campion Native<br />
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Milk Thistle Archaeophyte<br />
Sinapis alba L. ssp. alba White Mustard Archaeophyte<br />
Sinapis arvensis L. var. arvensis<br />
Charlock Archaeophyte<br />
var. orientalis (L.) W. D. J. Koch & Ziz.<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Sison amomum L. Stone Parsley Native<br />
Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tall Rocket Introduced casual<br />
Sisymbrium irio L. London-rocket Introduced casual<br />
Sisymbrium <strong>of</strong>ficinale (L.) Scop. var. leiocarpum DC.<br />
Hedge Mustard Archaeophyte<br />
var. <strong>of</strong>ficinale<br />
Archaeophyte<br />
Sisymbrium orientale L. Eastern Rocket Introduced naturalised<br />
Sium latifolium L. Greater Water-parsnip Native<br />
Smyrnium olusatrum L. Alexander’s Archaeophyte<br />
Solanum dulcamara L. var. dulcamara Bittersweet Native<br />
Solanum lycopersicum L. Tomato Introduced casual<br />
Solanum nigrum L. ssp. nigrum var. nigrum Black Nightshade Native<br />
Solanum rostratum Dunal Buffalo-bur Introduced casual<br />
29
Solanum tuberosum L. Potato Introduced casual<br />
Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy Mind-your-own-business Introduced naturalised<br />
Solidago canadensis L. Canadian Goldenrod Introduced naturalised<br />
Solidago gigantea Aiton ssp. serotina (O. Kuntze) McNeill Early Goldenrod Introduced naturalised<br />
Solidago virgaurea L. Goldenrod Native, extinct<br />
Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. arvensis Perennial Sowthistle Native<br />
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill ssp. asper var. asper<br />
Prickly Sowthistle Native<br />
ssp. glaucesens (Jord.) Ball<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Sonchus oleraceus L. var. oleraceus Smooth Sowthistle Native<br />
Sonchus oleraceus x asper Hybrid Sowthistle Native<br />
Sonchus palustris L. Marsh Sowthistle Native<br />
Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz Common Whitebeam Introduced survivor<br />
Sorbus aucuparia L. Rowan Introduced naturalised<br />
Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers. Swedish Whitebeam Introduced survivor<br />
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Wild Service-tree Native<br />
Sparganium emersum Rehmann Unbranched Bur-reed Native<br />
Sparganium erectum L. ssp. erectum<br />
Branched Bur-reed Native<br />
ssp. neglectum (Beeby) K. Richt.<br />
Native<br />
Sparganium natans L. Least Bur-reed Native, extinct<br />
Spergula arvensis L. Corn Spurrey Native<br />
Spergularia marina (L.) Besser Lesser Sea-spurrey Native (halophyte)<br />
Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl Sand Spurrey Extinct native and<br />
introduced casual<br />
Spiraea salicifolia agg. Bridewort Introduced naturalised<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s spiralis (L.) Chevall. Autumn Lady’s-tresses Introduced naturalised<br />
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid Greater Duckweed Native<br />
Stachys annua (L.) L. Annual Woundwort Introduced casual<br />
Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Field Woundwort Archaeophyte<br />
Stachys byzantina Lamb’s-ear Introduced naturalised<br />
Stachys palustris L. Marsh Woundwort Native<br />
Stachys sylvatica L. var. sylvatica Hedge Woundwort Native<br />
Stellaria alsine Grimm Bog Stitchwort Native<br />
Stellaria graminea L. Lesser Stitchwort Native<br />
Stellaria holostea L. Greater Stitchwort Native<br />
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Common Chickweed Native<br />
Stellaria neglecta Weihe var. decipiens E.S. Marshall<br />
var. elizabethae (F.W. Schulz) Bég.<br />
var. neglecta<br />
30<br />
Greater Chickweed Native<br />
Native<br />
Native<br />
Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crép. Lesser Chickweed Native<br />
Stellaria palustris Ehrh. ex H<strong>of</strong>fm. glaucous form<br />
green form<br />
Marsh Stitchwort Native<br />
Stratiotes aloides L. Water-soldier Extinct native and<br />
introduced naturalised<br />
Succisa pratensis Moench var. pratensis Devil’s-bit Scabious Native<br />
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake Snowberry Introduced naturalised<br />
Symphoricarpos x chenaultii Rehder Chenault’s Coralberry Introduced naturalised<br />
Symphytum grandiflorum DC. Creeping Comfrey Introduced naturalised<br />
Symphytum <strong>of</strong>ficinale L. ssp. bohemicum (F.W. Schmidt) Čelak<br />
‘Fen’ Comfrey<br />
Native<br />
ssp. <strong>of</strong>ficinale<br />
Common Comfrey<br />
Native<br />
var. ochroleucum DC.<br />
Common Comfrey<br />
Native<br />
Symphytum orientale L. White Comfrey Introduced naturalised<br />
Symphytum x hidcotense P.D. Sell ‘Hidcote Blue’ Hidcote Comfrey Introduced naturalised<br />
Symphytum x uplandicum Nyman Russian Comfrey Introduced naturalised<br />
Syringa vulgaris L. Lilac Introduced naturalised<br />
Tagetes minuta L. Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Marigold Introduced casual<br />
Tamus communis L. Black Bryony Native<br />
Tanacetum par<strong>the</strong>nium (L.) Sch. Bip. f. hortense (Schur) Beck<br />
Bachelor’s Buttons<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
f. par<strong>the</strong>nium<br />
Feverfew<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
‘Aureum’<br />
Golden Feverfew<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Tanacetum vulgare L. Tansy Archaeophyte
Taraxacum agg. Dandelions Native and introduced<br />
Taraxacum acroglossum Dahlst. Broad-bracted Dandelion Introduced naturalised<br />
Taraxacum akteum Hagend., Soest & Zevenb. Hampshire Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum ancistrolobum Dahlst. Few-lobed Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum atactum Sahlin & Soest. Narrow-bracted Dandelion Native?<br />
Taraxacum anglicum Dahlst. English Dandelion Native, extinct?<br />
Taraxacum boekmanii Borgv. Bökman’s Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum brachyglossum (Dahlst.) Raunk. Purple-bracted Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum bracteatum Dahlst. Dark-green Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum cophocentrum Dahlst. Round-lobed Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum cordatum Palmgr. Entire-lobed Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum dilaceratum M.P. Christ. Lacerate-leaved Dandelion Introduced naturalised<br />
Taraxacum duplidentifrons Dahlst. Double-too<strong>the</strong>d Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum ekmanii Dahlst. Ekman’s Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum expallidiforme Dahlst. Broad-stalked Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum fulvum Raunk. Cinnamon-fruited Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum glauciniforme Dahlst. Many-too<strong>the</strong>d Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum haematicum G.E. Haglund ex H. Øllg. Wiezell. Blood-red Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum hamatulum Hagend., Soest & Zevenb. Slender Hook-lobed Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum hamatum Raunk. Hook-lobed Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum intumescens G.E. Haglund Red-tipped Dandelion Introduced naturalised<br />
Taraxacum laciniosifrons Wiinst. Hairy-stemmed Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum lingulatum Markl. Long-bracted Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum lacistophyllum (Dahlst.) Raunk. Cut-leaved Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum lucidum Dahlst. Long-bracted Dandelion Introduced naturalised<br />
Taraxacum oblongatum Dahlst. Oblong-leaved Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum ostenfeldii Raunk. Ostenfeld’s Dandelion Native?<br />
Taraxacum oxoniense Dahlst. Oxford Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum pannulatum Dahlst. Brown-ribbed Dandelion Introduced naturalised<br />
Taraxacum pseudohamatum Dahlst. False Hook-lobed Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum pseudoretr<strong>of</strong>lexum M.P. Christ. Spur-lobed Dandelion Introduced naturalised<br />
Taraxacum richardsianum C.C. Haw. Richard’s Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum sellandii Dahlst. Selland’s Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum subhamatum M.P. Christ. Large Hook-lobed Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum subundulatum Dahlst. Complex-leaved Dandelion Native<br />
Taraxacum valens Markl. Reflex-bracted Dandelion Introduced naturalised<br />
Taraxacum vatisectum Markl. ex Paol. Crowded-lobed Dandelion Introduced naturalised<br />
Taxus baccata L. f. baccata<br />
Yew<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
f. fasciculata (Lindl.) Pilger<br />
Irish Yew<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) W.T. Aiton Shepherd’s-cress Introduced casual<br />
Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. Yellow Oxeye Introduced naturalised<br />
Tephroseris palustris (L.) Fourr. ssp. congesta (R. Br.) Holub Marsh Fleawort Native, extinct<br />
Teucrium scorodonia L. Wood Sage Native<br />
Thalictrum flavum L. Common Meadow-rue Native<br />
Thelypteris palustris Schott Marsh-fern Native, extinct<br />
Thlaspi arvense L. Field Penny-cress Archaeophyte<br />
Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Red-cedar Introduced survivor<br />
Thymus polytrichus A. Kern. ex Borbás ssp. britannicus (Ronniger)<br />
Kerguélen<br />
Wild Thyme Native<br />
Thymus pulegioides L. Large Thyme Native, extinct<br />
Thyselium palustre (L.) Raf. Milk-parsley Native, extinct<br />
Tilia cordata Mill. Small-leaved Lime Introduced naturalised<br />
Tilia platyphyllos Scop. ssp. cordifolia (Besser) C.K. Schneid. Large-leaved Lime Introduced naturalised<br />
Tilia x europaea L. Lime Introduced naturalised<br />
Tolypella glomerata (Desv.) Leonh. Clustered Stonewort Native<br />
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Spreading Hedge-parsley Archaeophyte<br />
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Upright Hedge-parsley Native<br />
Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Knotted Hedge-parsley Native<br />
Tragopogon porrifolius L. ssp. porrifolius Salsify Introduced naturalised<br />
31
Hottonia palustris at St Neots Common<br />
32<br />
Plantago major ssp. intermedia<br />
from Cow Lane Pits<br />
Ononis spinosa by Bullock Road
Tragopogon pratensis L. ssp. minor (Mill.) Wahlenb Goat’s-beard Native<br />
Tragus racemosus (L.) All. European Bur-grass Introduced casual<br />
Trifolium angustifolium L. Narrow-leaved Clover Introduced casual<br />
Trifolium arvense L. Hare’s-foot Clover Native<br />
Trifolium campestre Schreb. var. campestre Hop Trefoil Native<br />
Trifolium dubium Sibth. var. dubium Lesser Trefoil Native<br />
Trifolium fragiferum L. ssp. fragiferum Strawberry Clover Native<br />
Trifolium glomeratum L. Clustered Clover Introduced casual<br />
Trifolium hybridum L. ssp. hybridum Alsike Clover Introduced naturalised<br />
Trifolium incarnatum L. ssp. incarnatum Crimson Clover Introduced casual<br />
Trifolium medium L. Zigzag Clover Native<br />
Trifolium micranthum Viv. Slender Trefoil Native<br />
Trifolium ochroleucon Huds. Sulphur Clover Native<br />
Trifolium pratense L. var. pratense<br />
Red Clover<br />
Native<br />
var. sativum Afzel.<br />
‘Fodder’ Red Clover<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Trifolium repens L. var. repens White Clover Native<br />
Trifolium resupinatum L. Reversed Clover Introduced casual<br />
Trifolium striatum L. Knotted Clover Native<br />
Trifolium subterraneum L. var. oxaloides (Bunge ex Nyman) Rouy Subterranean Clover Introduced casual<br />
Trifolium tomentosum L. Woolly Clover Introduced casual<br />
Trichlochin palustris L. Marsh Arrowgrass Native<br />
Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. Scentless Mayweed Archaeophyte<br />
Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. flavescens Yellow Oat-grass Native<br />
Triticum aestivum L. Bread Wheat Introduced casual<br />
Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. Western Hemlock-spruce Introduced survivor<br />
Turritis glabra L. Tower Mustard Introduced casual<br />
Tussilago farfara L. Colt’s-foot Native<br />
Typha angustifolia L. Lesser Bulrush Native<br />
Typha latifolia L. Bulrush Native<br />
Ulex europaeus L. Gorse Native<br />
Ulmus glabra Huds. ssp. glabra Wych Elm Native<br />
Ulmus minor Mill. ssp. minor<br />
Small-leaved Elm<br />
Native<br />
ssp. sarniensis (C.K. Schneid.) Stace<br />
Jersey Elm<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Ulmus plotii Druce Plot’s Elm Native<br />
Ulmus procera Salisb. English Elm Native<br />
Ulmus x elegantissima Horw. ?U. glabra x plotii Native<br />
Ulmus x hollandica Mill. Dutch Elm Native<br />
Ulmus x vegeta (Loudon) Ley Huntingdon Elm Native<br />
Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy<br />
Navelwort Extinct native but<br />
record dubious<br />
Urtica dioica L. ssp. dioica<br />
Common Nettle<br />
Native<br />
ssp. galeopsifolia (Wierzb. ex Opiz) Chrtek<br />
Fen Nettle<br />
Native<br />
Urtica urens L. Small Nettle Archaeophyte<br />
Utricularia australis R. Br. Bladderwort Native, extinct<br />
Utricularia minor L. Lesser Bladderwort Native, extinct<br />
Utricularia vulgaris L. Greater Bladderwort Native<br />
Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert Cowherb Introduced casual<br />
Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Cranberry Native, extinct<br />
Valeriana dioica L. Marsh Valerian Native<br />
Valeriana <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. ssp. collina (Wallr.) Nyman<br />
‘Limestone’ Valerian<br />
Native<br />
ssp. sambucifolia (J.C. Mikan ex Pohl) W.R. Hayw. Common Valerian<br />
Native<br />
Valerianella carinata Loisel Keeled-fruited Cornsalad Archaeophyte<br />
Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich Narrow-fruited Cornsalad Archaeophyte<br />
Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. Common Cornsalad Native<br />
Valerianella rimosa Bastard Broad-fruited Cornsalad Archaeophyte, extinct<br />
Verbascum blattaria L. Moth Mullein Introduced casual<br />
Verbasum nigrum L. Dark Mullein Native<br />
Verbasum phlomoides L. Orange Mullein Introduced naturalised<br />
Verbasum speciosum Schrad. Hungarian Mullein Introduced casual<br />
33
Vebascum thapsus L. Great Mullein Native<br />
Verbena bonariensis L. Argentinean Vervain Introduced casual<br />
Verbena <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. var. <strong>of</strong>ficianalis Vervain Archaeophyte<br />
Veronica agrestis L. Green Field-speedwell Archaeophyte<br />
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Blue Water-speedwell Native<br />
Veronica arvensis L.<br />
Wall Speedwell Native<br />
var. polyanthos (Thuill.) Mathieu<br />
Native<br />
Veronica beccabunga L. Brooklime Native<br />
Veronica catenata Pennell Pink Water-speedwell Native<br />
Veronica chamaedrys L. Germander Speedwell Native<br />
Veronica filiformis Sm. Slender Speedwell Introduced naturalised<br />
Veronica hederifolia L. ssp. hederifolia<br />
Ivy-leaved Speedwell Archaeophyte<br />
ssp. lucorum (Klett & Richt.) Hartl<br />
Archaeophyte or native<br />
Veronica montana L. Wood Speedwell Native<br />
Veronica <strong>of</strong>ficinalis L. Heath Speedwell Native<br />
Veronica persica Poir. Common Field-speedwell Introduced naturalised<br />
Veronica polita Fr. Grey Field-speedwell Native<br />
Veronica scutellata L. var. scutellata Marsh Speedwell Native<br />
Veronica serpyllifolia L. ssp. serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell Native<br />
Viburnum lantana L. var. glabratum Chab.<br />
Wayfaring-tree Introduced naturalised<br />
var. lantana<br />
Native<br />
Viburnum opulus L. f. opulus<br />
Guelder-rose<br />
Native<br />
f. roseum (L.) Hegi<br />
Snowball-tree<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
Viburnum rhytidiophyllum Hemsl. Ex Forbes & Hemsl. Wrinkled Viburnum Introduced survivor<br />
Viburnum tinus L. Laurustinus Introduced survivor<br />
Viburnum trilobum Marshall American Guelder-rose Introduced survivor<br />
Vicia cracca L. var. cracca Tufted Vetch Native<br />
Vicia faba L. Broad Bean Introduced casual<br />
Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray Hairy Tare Native<br />
Vicia pannonica Crantz Hungarian Vetch Introduced casual<br />
Vicia parvi<strong>flora</strong> Cav. Slender Tare Native<br />
Vicia sativa (L.) Ehrh. ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.<br />
Common Vetch Needs confirmation<br />
ssp. segetalis (Thuill.) Gaudin<br />
Native<br />
Vicia sepium L. var. sepium Bush Vetch Native<br />
Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb Smooth Tare Native<br />
Vicia villosa Roth Fodder Vetch Introduced casual<br />
Vinca major L. var. major f. major<br />
f. variegata (Loudon) P.D. Sell<br />
var. oxyloba (Boiss.) Stearn<br />
34<br />
Greater Periwinkle<br />
Variegated Greater Periwinkle<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Introduced naturalised<br />
Vinca minor L. Lesser Periwinkle Introduced naturalised<br />
Viola arvensis Murray Field Pansy Archaeophyte<br />
Viola canina L. ssp. canina<br />
Heath Dog-violet<br />
Native<br />
ssp. montana (L.) Hartm.<br />
‘Fen’ Dog-violet<br />
Native<br />
Viola hirta L. Hairy Violet Native<br />
Viola odorata L. var. dumetorum (Jord.) Rouy & Fouc.<br />
Sweet Violet Native<br />
var. imberbis (Leight.) Henslow<br />
Native<br />
var. odorata<br />
Native<br />
cf. var. subcarnea (Jord.) Parl.<br />
Native?<br />
Viola palustris L. Marsh Violet Native, extinct<br />
Viola persicifolia Schreb. Fen Violet Native<br />
Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau Early Dog-violet Native<br />
Viola riviniana Rchb. Common Dog-violet Native<br />
Viola tricolor L. ssp. tricolor Wild Pansy Native<br />
Viola x ritschliana W. Becker V. canina x persicifolia Native<br />
Viola x scabra F. Braun V. odorata x hirta Native<br />
Viola x wittrockiana Gams ex Kappert Garden Pansy Introduced casual<br />
Viscum album L. Mistletoe Native<br />
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray Squirreltail Fescue Native<br />
Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel Rat’s-tail Fescue Archaeophyte<br />
Vulpia unilateralis (L.) Stace Mat-grass Native?
Wahlenbergia hederacea (L.) Rchb. Ivy-leaved Bellflower Native, extinct<br />
Weigela florida (Bunge) A. DC. ‘Florida Variegata’ Weigelia Introduced survivor<br />
X Cuprocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks & Dallim) Farjon<br />
Leyland Cypress Introduced survivor<br />
‘Castlewellan Gold’<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
‘Haggerston Grey’<br />
Introduced survivor<br />
X Schedolium loliaceum Hybrid Fescue Native<br />
Xanthium spinosum L. Spiny Cocklebur Introduced casual<br />
Zannichellia palustris L. Horned Pondweed Native<br />
Zea mays L. Maize Introduced casual<br />
Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino Japanese Elm Introduced survivor<br />
35