Shropshire Botanical Society - Botanical Society of the British Isles

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Shropshire Botanical Society 

Newsletter 

Spring 2005

Shropshire Botanical Society Newsletter No. 12 

Spring 2005 

Contents 

Page 

Botanical Society News .................................................................... 2 

New Records..................................................................................... 3 

A note on Hoof Fungi ....................................................................... 3 

Meetings for 2005 ............................................................................. 4 

Notes on the genus Poa L. in Shropshire .......................................... 5 

Obituary: Elizabeth Mary Hignett................................................... 10 

Bryophytes at Shrewsbury Museum ............................................... 12 

Membership list with renewal dates................................................ 20 

Cover photos (from top): Galanthus nivalis (Sarah Whild), Hygrocybe calyptriformis (Alex 

Lockton), Ranunculus ficaria (Lockton), Squamanita paradoxa (John Bingham), Galanthus 

nivalis forma pleniflorus (Whild). 

The Shropshire Botanical Society 

www.shropshirebotany.org.uk 

66 North Street, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY1 2JL 

01743 343789 

s.j.whild@bham.ac.uk 

alex@whildassociates.co.uk 

Any opinions expressed in this newsletter are those of the various authors, and are not 

necessarily those of the Society 

Text & illustrations © Shropshire Botanical Society 2005 

Editor: Alex Lockton 

Distribution maps produced using DMap for Windows, supplied by Dr Alan Morton 

Ordnance Survey maps reproduced under licence No. 100040428 

1

Botanical Society News 

Sarah Whild 

It is with sadness that I have to report that three members of the society died last winter – Audrey Franks, 

Mary Hignett and Peter Thomson. Of the three, Audrey was the most active recorder, having made 626 

records in the county between 1974 and 1996, many of which were of interesting and difficult plants. 

Peter was, among other things, minuting secretary for the Council of the BSBI and husband of Stephanie 

Thomson, the county recorder for Herefordshire, but he never made a botanical record in Shropshire. I 

particularly remember Peter as a kind welcoming face at my first BSBI Recorders conference. Mary was 

a 10km square coordinator during Sinker’s Flora project and made some 100 records of her own, dating 

from 1929 to 1992. Ruth Dawes has contributed an obituary for Miss Hignett, which is in this newsletter. 

Annual General Meeting 

2.00pm Preston Montford 

After, there will be a talk on 

‘Greening the Dots – a new recording scheme for Shropshire’ by Sarah Whild 

Tea, biscuits and plant ID surgery 

The AGM will take place on Saturday 23 rd April 2005 at Preston Montford Field Centre, at 2pm. Our 

treasurer, Roger Green, will be standing down, and the committee will be nominating Mags Cousins to 

take over. 

Nominations so far are as follows: Mags Cousins for Treasurer, Sarah Whild for Secretary (unless 

anyone else would like to do this, please!). Committee nominations are Fiona Gomersall (nominated by 

Alex Lockton and Sarah Whild) and Roger Green (nominated by Sarah Whild and Mags Cousins). 

Committee members Maurice Hoare and Sylvia Kingsbury are continuing to serve. 

The committee will also be proposing a rise in membership rates to £10 a year or £20 for 3 years. 

Rare Plants of Shropshire 

The third edition of Rare Plants has now been published, this time as a printed and bound book. The 

accounts of the species are becoming more accurate and detailed as time goes by, but there is still plenty 

of work to be done, especially on the locally scarce species – those present in fewer than ten sites in the 

county. Hopefully the report will stimulate more interest. In this edition all records are given in full, with 

the recorders’ names, which we feel is the most appropriate way to acknowledge people’s contributions, 

as well as providing the most useful information to readers. See the back cover of this newsletter for 

details, including the special price for Botanical Society members. There will be copies available to 

purchase at the AGM (or we can send by post). 

On a final botanical note, I was surprised to record two new snowdrop taxa this Spring – it will be too late 

to record them by the time you receive this newsletter, but do look out for lesser celandine species. It is 

amazing how under-recorded these early species are. Hugh Hughes made the first county record for R. 

ficaria ssp. ficariiformis last Spring, so it is worth looking out for the different subspecies. Please do not 

forget to send in your records as soon as possible. 

Happy botanizing! 

2

Records 

Last autumn was a remarkable season for 

fungi, with many sightings of the ‘Pink 

Ballerina’ (see front cover), and many of us 

may have wished we knew more about the 

subject. John & Denise Bingham made one of 

the most spectacular discoveries of the year. 

They found the Red Data Book fungus 

Squamanita paradoxa (A.H. Sm. & Singer) 

Bas Powdercap Strangler parasitic on Earthy 

Powdercap Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop.) 

Fayod at Corbet’s Park (SO7377) on 27 th 

September 2004 and at Brown Clee (SO6086) 

on 2 nd October 2004. The British Mycological 

Society only has two other records of this 

fungus in the British Isles, classing it as 

Vulnerable on IUCN criteria, although it is 

possible that it could be under-recorded. 

There have been rumours of Rigid Bog-moss 

Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Ångstr. in 

Shropshire for ages, but few good records. It is 

listed for v.c. 40 in the BBS Checklist of 1998, 

but disappeared mysteriously from the 2003 

version. However, Fred Rumsey collected a 

specimen in a flush on the Stiperstones near the 

old Gatten Plantation (SO370981) on 21 st 

October 2004, which has been confirmed by 

Gordon Rothero (BBSUK), and which is 

therefore the first properly confirmed record 

for the county. In reality, though, this is 

probably just a ‘de-bracketing.’ The first 

county record dates from 27 th July 1892, when 

R. de G. Benson & W.P. Hamilton collected it 

on Wilderley Hill (SJ4100, SHY). In August 

1900 William Hunt Painter collected it at 

Lawley (SJ6708, det. W.P. Hamilton, SHY). 

Richard Benson also recorded it on the 

Stiperstones in about 1902, and Martha 

Newton listed it for Hawkham Hollow 

(SO4397) in 1994. It grows where there is 

base-rich water flowing over a peaty substrate, 

and should be considered a good habitat 

indicator in Shropshire. 

Fiona Gomersall and Tess Pearson found 

Grass Vetchling, Lathyrus nissolia L. at 

Llanfair Waterdine Turbary (SO245803) on 

28 th July 2004 (conf. S.J. Whild). This southern 

species has turned up in disturbed areas in 

Telford in the past, but has not been found in 

semi-natural vegetation in the county before. 

Strawberry clover, Trifolium fragiferum L., is 

reasonably widespread in the south-east of 

Britain and around the coasts, but in Shropshire 

it seems to be only a casual on roadsides. 

Edward Williams recorded it at Harley Bank 

(SJ6000) and Muckley (SO6495) in about 

1800, and it was not seen in the county again 

until John Mason found it on a roadside at 

Sundorne (SJ522148) on 18 th July 2004. 

Janet Stone found Malling Toadflax, 

Chaenorhinum origanifolium (L.) Kostel., in 

the pavement at Honeysuckle Row, 

Shrewsbury (SJ499112) on 2 nd August 2004 

(det. S.J. Whild, Hb. SFG). It is quite a rare 

plant, recorded in just four places in the New 

Atlas, and considered by Stace (1997) to be 

casual. 

Double-flowered Snowdrop, Galanthus 

nivalis forma pleniflorus P.D. Sell is a widely 

naturalised garden escape. It occurs in great 

quantities in Ismore Coppice, SJ555093, where 

they were spotted by Sarah Whild on 1 st March 

2005 (Hb. SFG). 

Pleated Snowdrop, Galanthus plicatus M. 

Bieb., is another garden escape that often 

becomes established in the wild in Britain. 

Sarah Whild found a clump on the roadside at 

Knockin Heath, SJ342221, on 27 th February 

2005 (Hb. SFG) – the first time it has been 

formally recorded in the county, although we 

have yet to confirm that it is not the hybrid. 

A note on Hoof fungi 

Tom Preece 

The record of Hoof Fungus Fomes fomentarius 

given in the last newsletter seems extremely 

unlikely. This is a species that occurs in the north 

of England, mostly on Betula or, rarely, on Fagus. 

I can find no reference to it growing on Salix. Your 

plant is almost certainly Phellinus igniarius, and I 

have concluded that all the old records of F. 

fomentarius in the county (e.g. Phillips 1880 & the 

Victoria County History 1908) are in fact of P. 

igniarius. The record of F. fomentarius in SJ31 on 

the British Mycological Society database should 

also be ignored. However, things in nature 

constantly change, and it may be that 

F. fomentarius has been found in Shropshire, in 

which case you must leave a specimen at Kew. 

[Consider it withdrawn. Alex.] 

3

Meetings for 2005 

Sarah Whild 

For field meetings, please bring sensible clothing and footwear, waterproofs and lunch, including a drink. 

A hand lens is also useful. If the leader has to cancel at short notice, we cannot undertake to inform 

everyone, so to avoid disappointment please call me on 01743 343789 or email s.j.whild@bham.ac.uk a 

day or two beforehand to check. 

Saturday 23 rd April 

Annual General Meeting at Preston Montford Field Centre, 2pm. Speaker: Sarah Whild. 

Saturday 21 st May 

Woodland by the Borle Brook. Meet at the car park at Ray’s Bridge, SO714834, at 11 am, for a walk 

through some spectacular ancient woodland. 

Sunday 5 th June 

Llanhowell meadows: species-rich grassland with orchids and sedges. Meet at 11am at Clun car park. 

Leaders: John Clayfield & Sarah Whild. 

Wednesday 15 th June 

Identification Session at Brown Moss: water plants, heathland species, sedges. Leader: Sarah Whild. Meet 

at 6 pm in the main car park at SJ563394. Bring your tea or come for a chip butty at the Midway 

Truckstop when the light fails. 

Sunday 24 th July 

Llanfair Waterdine Turbary. Park by the triangle at Spoad Hill crossroads, SO254808, at 11 am. Leaders: 

Fiona Gomersall & Sarah Whild. 

Saturday 20 th August 

Gentian counting at Cramer Gutter. Shropshire Wildlife Trust surveyors tell us that although the main 

population of gentians at the south-east end of the reserve has indeed died out, a second population in the 

middle of the field is still thriving. For our field meeting, people should park in the lay-by by the 

Methodist Chapel at SO643797, and meet at 11 am. If the count goes quickly we can explore Catherton 

Common afterwards. Leaders: Fiona Gomersall & Sarah Whild. 

Friday 16 th – Saturday 17 th September 

BSBI conference on Hybrids and Local Change at The Gateway, Shrewsbury. We will bring you more 

details closer to the time. 

4

Notes on the genus Poa L. in Shropshire 

Sarah Whild & Alex Lockton 

Stace (1997) describes 16 species of meadow-grass 

that are found in Britain, although the latest list 

from the BSBI gives 11 more, all of which are rare 

aliens. Only one hybrid is recorded, P. flexuosa x 

alpina = P. x jemtlandica, and that is a very rare 

mountain plant. In Shropshire there are just nine 

species that have been recorded, one of which is 

probably extinct in the county. 

The meadow-grasses are popularly known for the 

boat-shaped tips to the leaves, but this character is 

shared with member of other genera such as 

Dactylis, Glyceria, Catabrosa and Polypogon, so it 

can be misleading. Here is what we currently know 

about the various species that occur in Shropshire. 

Poa angustifolia L. 

Narrow-leaved Meadow-grass 

There are 498 squares for this species in the New 

Atlas (Preston, Pearman & Dines, 2002), and it is 

common in the south-east of England, becoming 

rare in Scotland, Wales & Cornwall, and 

apparently absent from Ireland. Its status and 

distribution in Shropshire is quite unknown. 

Although there are very few records, Sinker (1985) 

suggests that it could be quite frequent in the 

lowlands. Its habitat is described in the New Atlas 

as ‘dry grassland, wall tops, rough ground and 

railway banks,’ on calcareous or sandy soils. 

Historically, there has been a lot of confusion 

about P. angustifolia. Leighton (1841) does not list 

it at all, but that is not surprising as it was barely 

recognised as a distinct taxon in those days. 

Babington’s Manual (2 nd edition, 1867) gives it 

only as a variety of P. pratensis. Lloyd & Rutter 

(1957) fail to mention it either, so the first county 

record turns out to be an undated one by Charles 

Sinker made in about 1970. It was on the base of 

the bridge over the Perry at Mytton (SJ439170). 

This is the only record for the county that was 

known at the time of the Flora. 

In 1979 a team from Monks Wood surveyed some 

railway lines around the county and recorded Poa 

angustifolia in ten sites. The records are difficult to 

assess. It does seem to be a suitable habitat, and 

they could all be correct, but the surveyors seem to 

have made mistakes over the identification of 

some other grasses, and there must be an element 

of doubt. It is easy to misrecord species like this if 

you have been recording in areas where they are 

common, elsewhere in Britain. For now, it seems 

best to accept their records, but it would be good to 

have some more recent records for it along railway 

lines. 

In 1986 Jennifer Baker, from the Field Studies 

Council, recorded it at St. Mary’s Church, 

Battlefield (SJ5117), where Jane Ing and 

colleagues found it again in 2001, on a gravestone. 

In 1988 Ian Trueman recorded it at Edgerley 

(SJ3318) and at the foot of the wall of Bishop’s 

Castle Church (SO3288). Jean Hooson recorded it 

at the old Whitchurch Canal (SJ5241) in 1996. 

John Bingham found it at Cornbrook (SO6075) in 

1997, and members of the Botanical Society 

recorded it at Highley Alveley Country Park 

(SO7483) in 1997. In 1997 it also turned up at 

Llanymynech Rocks (SJ2621, Whild). 

This brings the number of current (1995+) records 

for the county to five, but Sinker is almost 

certainly correct in thinking it is under-recorded. It 

should be looked for on walls, railway lines, in 

limestone quarries and on disturbed ground such as 

roadsides. Voucher specimens would be much 

appreciated, as it is not an easy plant to identify. 

Poa angustifolia 

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Poa annua L. 

Annual Meadow-grass 

The first record for Shropshire was by Edward 

Williams, who described this species as ‘common, 

hic et ubique’ (here and everywhere) in about 

1800. It is an extraordinarily successful plant, 

having spread with human civilisation around the 

world. It is believed to have arisen through 

hybridisation, and found itself perfectly adapted to 

the disturbed habitats that people create. 

It was considered an A species in Sinker’s Flora 

Project and, very sensibly, not mapped. However, 

a few records were accumulated in lists of 

associated species and site recording, so there is a 

5

substantial number of records. The map effectively 

shows how thoroughly the county has been 

recorded since 1985, as it is almost certainly 

present in every tetrad. 

Poa annua 

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Although, on the face of it, P. annua is easy to 

identify, there is a danger that it could sometimes 

be recorded in error for one of the rarer species, 

especially angustifolia or compressa. The crinkled 

leaves are a useful marker, but this character is not 

always present. 

Poa chaixii Vill. 

Broad-leaved Meadow-grass 

The most striking thing about Poa chaixii is its 

size – apart from P. palustris it is the only member 

of the genus that reaches 1m tall; this, and its 

broad shiny leaves immediately separate it from 

other Poas. 

Poa chaixii 

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It is said to have been introduced to Britain in 

1802, and was apparently widely planted in 

country estates as an ornamental plant and as cover 

for game. It appears to be rare in Shropshire, and 

scarce in Britain, with just 78 current squares in 

the New Atlas; and most of those are in Scotland. 

Charles Sinker was the first to record it in the 

county, in 1962, at Pontesford Hill (SJ4105), 

where it still occurs along the path leading to the 

Wildlife Trust’s Earl’s Hill reserve (Whild & 

Lockton, 2004). It has also been recorded on the 

roadside at Mytton (SJ4417) by Joan Connell in 

1975 and by Sinker in 1979, and at Cound Hall 

(SJ5605) by Pat Parker in 1978. 

Poa compressa L. 

Flattened Meadow-grass 

In his account of this species in the New Atlas, 

Simon Leach makes no secret of his doubts about 

the validity of many of the records. He says it is 

often confused with other species of Poa and is 

probably also under-recorded. It is regarded as an 

introduction in Ireland and parts of Scotland, and 

there are a few red dots in England and Wales, too, 

but clearly this is not a systematic or thorough 

analysis of its status. There are 673 dots for it as a 

native plant, mostly in England, and the map is 

somewhat patchy, suggesting that it is recorded 

unevenly between counties. 

It is described as growing on rough and stony 

ground, cinders, dry grassy banks, waysides and 

walls. In his Flora of Shropshire, Sinker adds 

quarry ledges and spoil heaps, and suggests that it 

favours habitats that are winter wet but dry in 

summer. 

The first record was by Edward Williams in about 

1800. He described it as occurring on walls and in 

old meadows, but did not give any specific 

localities. ‘Walls’ is fine, but the ‘old meadows’ 

comment suggests some confusion with Poa 

humilis, perhaps. 

Leighton recorded it on a wall at Wall-under- 

Heywood (SO5192), by the roadside at Longville 

in the Dale (SO5494) and at Wenlock Abbey 

(SJ6200) in about 1841. Since then there have 

been many records (84 in total) but, because it was 

a B species in the Flora, many of them give few 

details. Some of the more interesting ones are 

given below:- 

On walls at Cardington (SO5095, Griffith 

Griffiths, 1870), Moreton Corbet Castle 

(SOSJ5623, John Thompson, 1995) and in Ludlow 

(SO5175, Nicholas & Elizabeth Sturt, 1997). In 

quarries at Oreton (SO6580, Edward Rutter, 1962), 

Poles Coppice (SJ3904, J. Payne, 1977), Llynclys 

Hill (SJ2723, Elizabeth Roberts, 1989), Craig 

Sychtyn (SJ2325, Whild & Lockton, 2000), and 

Llanymynech Rocks (SJ2621, Whild & Lockton, 

2004). On railway ballast at Buildwas Station 

(SJ6404, James Melvill, 1910), Henbarns (SJ3826, 

6

Brendan Carleton & Caroline Howard, 1979), and 

Upper Forge (SO7289, Bill Thompson, 1981). It 

was once recorded quite commonly along Wenlock 

Edge, but there are no recent records; it is 

interesting to see how Poa humilis seems to have 

replaced it there. 

Poa humilis Ehrh. ex Hoffm. 

Spreading Meadow-grass 

This species is better known to many as Poa 

subcaerulea, its old name. It is one of three taxa 

that are sometimes lumped under P. pratensis 

sensu lato. Hubbard (1954) considered it a distinct 

species, however, and most authorities since then 

have agreed with his account. It differs from 

P. pratensis by having long rhizomes, and 

therefore not forming dense patches. Other useful 

characters are the tufts of hairs at the base of the 

leaf sheaths, and the three veins on each of the 

glumes. 

In the New Atlas this is another species with a 

patchy distribution reflecting the interests of the 

county recorders rather than its real distribution. 

Nevertheless, it has 1,579 current dots for Britain, 

so it is well on the way to being recorded 

everywhere. 

Leighton did not mention it, so the first county 

record is credited to Richard Benson, who found it 

in a sand quarry at Stapleton (SJ4704) in 1895. 

The next record was not until 1966, when Charles 

Sinker recorded it at Earl’s Hill, along the ridge 

(SJ4105). He saw it there again in 1970, but noone 

has recorded it since then, possibly because 

Sinker’s own management plan for the site has 

resulted in the sward becoming very short and 

closely grazed. It would be worth looking out for. 

Sinker (1985) describes it as frequent in the 

uplands, and there are plenty of records to 

substantiate this. Sites where it has been recorded 

include Brown Clee (SO6084, Frank Perring, 

1976), Bettws-y-crwyn (SO2081, Kay Gardner & 

Joyce Lee, 1977), Rhos Fiddle (Adrian Hillman & 

Andrew Hearle, 1992), Whitcliffe Common 

(SO5074, Whild & Lockton, 1996), the 

Stiperstones, (SO3697, Whild, 2002), Hopesay 

Hill (SO3983, Kate Thorne, 2004), Sharpstones 

Hill (SJ4909, Whild, Lockton & Wrench, 2004) 

and Titterstone Clee (SO5975, Dan Wrench, 

2004). 

It is, however, just as much a lowland plant, often 

(but not always) in unimproved grassland, with 

records for Ruewood Pastures (SJ4927, Peter 

Welsh, 1981), Candy Valley (SJ2528, Whild, 

1994), Ropewalk Meadow (SJ6605, Whild & 

Lockton, 1996), Morton Pool (SJ3024, Chris 

Walker & Alison Carter, 1996), Melverley Farm 

(SJ5840, Whild & Lockton, 1998), Attingham 

Park (SJ5510, Whild & Lockton, 2004) and 

Whiston Meadows (SJ7802, Whild et al., 2004). 

Once recorders have become familiar with it, it 

seems quite likely that it will be recorded in most 

tetrads throughout the county. 

Poa humilis 

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Poa nemoralis L. 

Wood Meadow-grass 

This woodland grass is very common in England 

& Wales, but becomes scarce in the north of 

Scotland. Leach describes it as also occurring on 

walls and on mountain rock ledges. In Shropshire 

it generally occurs in neutral lowland woods, 

usually on dry banks, and it is absent from the 

more calcareous woodlands along Wenlock edge, 

for instance. 

Poa nemoralis 

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Edward Williams recorded it simply in ‘woods’ in 

about 1800. The first localised records are given in 

Leighton’s Flora in 1841 for Benthall Edge 

(SJ6603, George Lloyd) and Leaton Shelf 

(SJ4718, Leighton). Since then there have been 

7

many records, although it was very patchily 

recorded in Sinker’s Flora, which suggests that 

some people are failing to record it. 

Poa palustris L. 

Swamp Meadow-grass 

This is an introduced species that was once 

occasionally sown for fodder, and has been 

recorded on waste ground and in other disturbed 

areas. There are some 130 dots for it in the New 

Atlas, seemingly randomly distributed. 

In Shropshire it was recorded by Charles Sinker at 

Lower Wigmore Clay pits (SJ3411) in 1961 and 

by Frank Perring at The Yesters (SJ4322). In the 

latter site it was close to the railway line, and may 

conceivably have been introduced from there. It 

has not been seen since, despite several surveys of 

both sites. 

Poa palustris 

Since then it has been recorded often, and the map 

below mostly shows were botanists have been in 

the last twenty years. It is not altogether clear, 

however, that it is always being distinguished from 

P. humilis. 

Poa pratensis 

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Poa pratensis L. 

Smooth Meadow-grass 

What was formerly known as the species Poa 

pratensis has now been split into three – 

P. pratensis sensu stricto, P. angustifolia and 

P. humilis, which means that all old records (and 

many recent ones) have to be considered 

‘aggregate’ records of these three. However, the 

species itself is still considered to be common, 

according to the New Atlas, where it is mapped in 

over 1,500 squares in Britain. It is generally 

considered to be a plant of open, sunny areas such 

as grasslands and walls. 

In Shropshire, P. pratensis is considered to be 

common. Neither Edward Williams nor William 

Leighton gave any specific localities for it. The 

first localised record was by William Phillips in 

1878, for the vicinity of Shrewsbury (SJ4912). It 

was considered an A species for Sinker’s Flora 

project, so was recorded only by 10km square. 

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

Poa trivialis L. 

Rough Meadow-grass 

This must be one of the commonest species in the 

British flora. It is recorded in over 2,600 squares in 

the New Atlas, and is absent only from the highest 

mountains and the very north of Scotland. It occurs 

in grasslands, woodlands and wetlands. 

Williams and Leighton both considered it 

common, so the earliest localised record was by 

Griffith Griffiths in about 1870 at Acton Scott 

(SO4589). It was an A species in Sinker’s Flora, 

but many hundreds of records have been made 

since then. 

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Poa trivialis 

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8

Elizabeth Mary Hignett (1912-2004) 

Ruth Dawes 

Mary Hignett was born in Oswestry, the second daughter of James Hignett. Mary and her older sister, 

Ruth, inherited a love of nature from their parents who took time out from their busy working lives to 

teach the two girls the names of flowers, birds and insects on country walks. Mary and Ruth lost their 

mother at an early age and were brought up by their widower father with some help from close relatives. 

James Hignett was an accomplished entomologist, who refurbished the butterfly collection in the 

Oswestry Museum and supplied the British Museum (Natural History) with several beetles new to the 

British Isles and one new to science, all found locally. 

Mary attended the ‘Ragged School’ (Castlefields Infants' School), followed by the National School and 

then secured a scholarship to attend Oswestry Girls’ High School. The scholarship replaced the required 

fee of £10.00 per year. Mary proved to be an able student and later won one of only three university 

scholarships to be awarded in the county for the grand sum of £50.00. She then obtained a place at 

Birmingham University, the only one where geography could be taken as a science. Her father presented 

her with £10.00 pocket money upon leaving home, which she placed into a newly acquired handbag and 

then promptly lost this unnatural appendage. Fortunately, it was quickly returned by an honest bus 

conductor who came running after her. Travelling by train was a novelty and she sometimes cycled home 

to Oswestry in the holidays. Mary graduated with an honours degree in geography and geology. 

In common with other graduates in the post war depression years of the 1930s, Mary found it difficult to 

obtain suitable work. During a short period of unemployment after her graduation, she assisted at the 

Orthopaedic Hospital as a volunteer in the days of the doughty Dame Agnes Hunt. After 200 unsuccessful 

applications, she began her working life as a teacher in a poorly paid post at a private school, followed by 

a spell in a modern school on a large housing estate in West Bromwich. She assured the Director of 

Education that she would not move on quickly if something better turned up and remained true to her 

word, staying in West Bromwich through many frightening experiences in the war years and emerging 

unscathed and full of relief in 1945. 

In late 1946 she applied for and obtained a post as Geography Mistress at Welshpool High School and 

returned to her beloved Welsh Border. Mary taught at this High School for 27 years (1947 - 1974), 

ultimately as Senior Mistress, and she became affectionately known as ‘Higgy.’ She was President of the 

school Conservation Club which won the Prince of Wales Countryside Award in 1970 and the Coca-Cola 

National Environment Competition in 1973. Her adolescent students took saving wetlands to their hearts 

and their campaign saved ‘The Flash’ at Welshpool from development. When Prince Charles came to 

present the award, Mary took him around the habitat and pointed out the differences between the two 

species of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna and C. laevigata) present on site. 

Her love of natural history also led her to become a founder member of the Montgomeryshire Field 

Society and the Border Field Club. She later became Chairman and then President of both organisations. 

She also served on the steering committee to form the Shropshire Wildlife Trust in 1961 and on the 

executive committee of the Council for the Protection of Rural Wales, plus the Oswestry and District 

committee of the Civic Society. 

Joining the local field clubs brought about friendships with other local naturalists such as Hilda Murrell, 

Janet McNair, Doris Pugh, Margaret Asterley, Marjorie Wainwright and Bill Condry. Mary formed 

lifelong warm friendships with all of them. Her friendship with Janet McNair brought motorised transport 

into Mary's life and this helped her to plan geological trips further afield. In return Miss McNair was able 

to achieve her aim of learning about geology. 

Mary returned to her Oswestry home in Oak Street for her retirement, eventually leaving her old terraced 

house behind and moving into a modern convenient bungalow built in the garden. She never married and 

throughout her life had no enthusiasm for cooking or domestic duties. Fortunately, housekeeping was 

ably taken care of by her widowed sister Ruth, who was an excellent cook. 

During her active retirement Mary found time to write a popular nature column for the Border Counties 

Advertizer for some twenty years and published a number of books, including Walks around Oswestry, 

Green Walks from Oswestry, An Oswestry Childhood and School Days in Welshpool. The latter two 

books published in 1997 and 1999 when Mary was in her late eighties were written and published after 

much persuasion and encouragement from David (Dai) Lewis, former editor of the Border Counties 

Advertizer. He had the foresight to see the value of recording the many interesting and accurate tales he 

10

had heard around the fireside from modest Mary and her sister Ruth. Mary also wrote a detailed report 

with personal anecdotes on the history of the two field clubs which was published in 2003. 

Mary was introduced to the plants of the Oswestry area by her family and in her book ‘An Oswestry 

Childhood’ recalls in the early 1920s pestering an aunt for a much coveted rubber ball. Instead, the 

resourceful aunt took Mary to pick bunches of cowslips (Primula veris) to make a ‘tostie ball’ constructed 

along the lines of a pom-pom for a woollen hat. Mary recalled being most unimpressed with this inferior 

toy at the time, but realised later how much more precious it would be if she could again find enough 

cowslips around Oswestry to make a ‘tostie ball.’ 

Mary was not primarily a botanist, but as one of the old school of general naturalists, she had a broad 

knowledge of wild plants, their uses, and their habitats. She actively recorded plants both for the 

Shropshire Flora and the Montgomeryshire Flora. Few naturalists knew the Oswestry area better and she 

collected records from classic botanical sites in the locality, including Llynclys Common, where she 

found Adder's-tongue Ophioglossum vulgatum and Moonwort Botrychium lunaria in the 1970s where 

they remain to this day. Alas, her record of Dyer's Greenweed Genista tinctoria has not recently been 

seen on Llynclys Hill, but is worth looking out for. Another probable loss is Grass-of-Parnassus 

Parnassia palustris recorded in wetland referred to as “Dolgoch Bog” in 1929 and 1945. She recorded 

Sweet Cicely Myrrhis odorata in a number of places around Oswestry (where it still occurs) and wrote 

about it in Flora Britannica. She told stories in the Border Counties Advertizer of unusual aliens, such as 

Caper Spurge Euphorbia lathyris appearing in the Oswestry area and the readers would respond with 

more records. Mary was familiar with the many sites for Yellow Figwort Scrophularia vernalis in the 

area, which some locals believe was introduced by local botanist Edward Llwyd (aka Lhuyd) or his 

forebears. 

Mary co-ordinated the ten kilometre square SJ12 (Tanat Valley) for the Montgomeryshire Flora and 

contributed to the text of the book. 

Mary will be remembered not only for her great knowledge and dedication to work, but also for her ready 

smile, kindness, calmness, modesty, lively interest in people, quick and gentle humour and her prodigious 

memory - which made her a wonderful story teller. 

Acknowledgements 

I am grateful to Margaret Deadman, Elizabeth Roberts and Peter Williams for their contributions to this 

article and for their help with proof reading. 

References 

Sinker, C.A., Packham, J.R., Trueman, I.C., Oswald, P.H., Perring, F.H. & Prestwood, W.V. 1985. 

Ecological Flora of the Shropshire Region. Shropshire Trust for Nature Conservation, Shrewsbury. 

Trueman, I C, Morton, A & Wainwright, M. 1995. The Flora of Montgomeryshire. Montgomery Field 

Society & Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust, Welshpool. 

Hignett, M. (n.d.) Walks around Oswestry. Bernard Mitchell. Oswestry. 

Hignett, M. (n.d.) Green Walks from Oswestry. Shropshire Books, Shrewsbury. 

Hignett, M. (1997) An Oswestry Childhood. Shropshire Books, Shrewsbury. 

Hignett, M. (1999) School Days in Welshpool. WPG Ltd., Shropshire. 

11

Bryophytes at Shrewsbury Museum 

Alex Lockton 

As mentioned in our last newsletter, Shrewsbury Museum & Art Gallery has some fine botanical 

collections, built up over the last 170 year by many of the county’s most eminent botanists. The main 

bryological collection is that of William Phillips Hamilton (1842-1910), which the staff at the museum 

have photographed and posted on their web site, www.darwincountry.org. It is possibly the world’s first 

virtual moss herbarium, and it is certainly an imaginative venture to present images of things as small and 

scruffy as dried mosses, but it seems to work. Peter Boyd, the collections manager, points out that there 

would be no space to display the entire herbarium in the galleries, and exposure to light for long periods 

would be harmful to the specimens. 

-- Images from the herbarium web site -- 

Because the collection is not indexed, and the names 

given are sometimes out of date, we thought it would 

be useful to list the entire catalogue here, putting all 

the information into print for the first time. The 

nomenclature mostly follows the recent checklist 

issued by the British Bryological Society (http://rbgweb2.rbge.org.uk/bbs/bbs.htm) 

with a few updates 

from the new edition of A.J.E. Smith’s Moss Flora. 

The main collectors are abbreviated to surname only: 

Richard de Gylpyn Benson (1856-1904), John Bishop Duncan (1869-1953), William Hunt Painter (1835- 

1910). Bullets are used to indicate subsequent records of the same species. There are certainly some very 

interesting specimens here, including for instance the first British record of Cinclodotus riparius. 

Members may like to look out for some of these plants in the same localities. 

12

Specimens in the W.P. Hamilton collection at Shrewsbury Museum (SHY) 

Bazzania trilobata, Greater Whipwort, Oaks 

Wood, SJ4104, Hamilton, 1899. 

‣ Buttonoak, SO7578, Duncan, 1910. 

Sphagnum papillosum, Papillose Bog-moss, 

Whixall Moss, SJ4936, Hamilton, 31 May 

1900. 

‣ Shomere Pool, SJ5007, Hamilton, 27 Feb 1902. 

S. palustre, Blunt-leaved Bog-moss, Wilderley 

Green, SJ4301, Hamilton, 27 Jul 1892. 

S. magellanicum, Magellanic Bog-moss, Whixall 

Moss, SJ4936, Hamilton, 11 May 1905. 

S. squarrosum, Spiky Bog-moss, Haughmond Hill, 

SJ5414, Hamilton, 14 Jul 1892. 

‣ Wilderley Hill, SJ4100, Hamilton, 27 Jul 1892 

S. teres, Rigid Bog-moss, Wilderley Hill, SJ4100, 

Benson, Hamilton, 27 Jul 1892. 

‣ Lawley, SJ6708, Painter, Aug 1900, conf. 

Hamilton. 

S. fimbriatum, Fringed Bog-moss, Whixall Moss, 

SJ4936, Benson, 11 Sep 1891, conf. Hamilton. 

S. capillifolium, Red Bog-moss, Callow Hollow, 

SO4292, Hamilton, Oct 1908. 

S. capillifolium ssp. rubellum, Red Bog-moss, 

Shomere Pool, SJ5007, Hamilton & Benson, 

13 Apr 1893. 

S. subnitens, Lustrous Bog-moss, Shelve Hill, 

SO3298, Benson & Hamilton, 4 Aug 1892. 

‣ The Lawley, SO4997, Hamilton, 8 Sep 1902 

S. subnitens, Lustrous Bog-moss, Lawley, SJ6708, 

Painter, 8 Sep 1902. 

S. compactum, Compact Bog-moss, Stapeley Hill, 

SO3199, Hamilton, Benson, 4 Aug 1892. 

S. inundatum, Lesser Cow-horn Bog-moss, 

Stapeley Hill, SO3199, Hamilton, 4 Aug 1892. 

S. denticulatum, Cow-horn Bog-moss, Titterstone 

Clee, SO5977, Hamilton, 16 Jun 1892. 

‣ Ratlinghope, SO4096, Benson, 2 Jul 1892, 

Hamilton. 

‣ Wilderley Hill, SJ4100, Hamilton, 27 Jul 1892. 

S. contortum, Twisted Bog-moss, Betton Pool, 

SJ5107, Hamilton, 19 Oct 1893. 

S. tenellum, Soft Bog-moss, Titterstone Clee, 

SO5977, Weyman, Mr A.W., 16 Oct 1894, det. 

Hamilton. 

S. cuspidatum, Feathery Bog-moss, Whixall Moss, 

SJ4936, Hamilton, 31 May 1900. 

S. pulchrum, Golden Bog-moss, Wilderley Green, 

SJ4301, Benson, 12 Jul 1892, det. Hamilton. 

S. fallax, Flat-topped Bog-moss, Wilderley Hill, 

SJ4100, Hamilton & Benson, 27 Jul 1892. 

‣ Weeping Cross, SJ5110, Hamilton, 4 Oct 1897. 

Andreaea rupestris, Black Rock-moss, Stapeley 

Hill, SO3199, Hamilton & Benson, 4 Aug 

1892, conf. B.M. Murray. 

Pogonatum nanum, Dwarf Haircap, Broom Hill, 

SJ4103, Benson, 4 Mar 1893. 

P. aloides, Aloe Haircap, Redhill Coppice, 

SJ4609, Hamilton, Oct 1889. 

P. urnigerum, Urn Haircap, The Stiperstones, 

SO3598, Hamilton, Jun 1906. 

Polytrichastrum alpinum, Alpine Haircap, 

Titterstone Clee, SO5977, Hamilton, 16 Jun 

1892. 

Polytrichum longisetum, Slender Haircap, Bomere 

Pool, SJ4908, Hamilton, 1884. 

‣ Borle Brook near Highley, SO7383, Duncan, 

Mar 1910. 

P. formosum, Bank Haircap, Haughmond Hill, 

SJ5414, Hamilton, 1898. 

P. commune, Common Haircap, Mytton Dingle, 

SJ3600, Hamilton, Aug 1895. 

‣ Stapeley Hill, SO3199, Hamilton, Aug 1898. 

P. piliferum, Bristly Haircap, Nesscliffe Hill, 

SJ3819, Benson & Hamilton, 9 Jun 1898. 

P. juniperinum, Juniper Haircap, Haughmond Hill, 

SJ5413, Hamilton, Apr 1885. 

Atrichum undulatum, Common Smoothcap, 

Underdale, SJ5013, Hamilton, 23 Feb 1899. 

‣ Caughley Wood, SJ6900, Painter, 12 May 

1902. 

Tetraphis pellucida, Pellucid Four-tooth Moss, 

Bomere Pool, SJ4908, Hamilton, Aug 1904. 

‣ Cox Wood, SJ6604, Painter, 1 May 1905. 

Archidium alternifolium, Clay Earth-moss, Wyre 

Forest, SO7576, Duncan, 1906. 

Pleuridium subulatum, Awl-leaved Earth-moss, 

Shomere Pool, SJ5007, Hamilton, Mar 1891. 

‣ Underdale, SJ5013, Hamilton, 1897. 

Pseudephemerum nitidum, Delicate Earth-moss, 

Pulverbatch, SJ4202, Benson, Sep 1890. 

Ceratodon purpureus, Redshank, Shrewsbury, 

SJ4912, Hamilton, 6 May 1905: “under the 

Kingsland Bridge, Kingsland end.” 

‣ Much Wenlock, SO6299, Painter, 26 May 

1905. 

Rhabdoweisia fugax, Dwarf Streak-moss, The 

Stiperstones, SO3698, Benson, 29 Jun 1892, 

Hamilton: “The Devil's Chair, Stiperstones.” 

R. crispata, Toothed Streak-moss, Titterstone 

Clee, SO5977, Duncan, May 1904. 

Oreoweisia bruntonii, Brunton's Dog-tooth, The 

Wrekin, SJ6308, Painter, 29 Apr 1901. 

‣ Haughmond Hill, SJ5313, Hamilton, Apr 1904. 

Dichodontium pellucidum, Transparent Fork-moss, 

River Severn at The Mount, Shrewsbury, 

SJ4813, Hamilton, 18 May 1904: “on a large 

stone coated with mud, by the Severn, under 

the Mount. c.170ft., alt.” 

13

D. flavescens, Yellowish Fork-moss, Smethcott, 


Dicranella varia, Variable Forklet-moss, 

Belvidere, SJ5112, Hamilton, 1885. 

‣ River Severn at Monkmoor, SJ5114, Hamilton, 

1886. 

D. rufescens, Rufous Forklet-moss, Pulverbatch, 

SJ4202, Benson, Oct 1891. 

‣ Beckbury, SJ7601, Painter, 5 Oct 1905, det. 

H.N. Dixon. 

D. cerviculata, Red-neck Forklet-moss, Bomere 

Pool, SJ4908. 

‣ Whixall Moss, SJ4936, Hamilton, 1900. 

D. heteromalla, Silky Forklet-moss, Ashes 

Hollow, SO4293, Miss E.M. Hamilton, 12 Apr 

1909, det. W.P. Hamilton. 

Dicranum bonjeanii, Crisped Fork-moss, Stapeley 

Hill, SO3199, Hamilton, 4 Aug 1892. 

‣ Wyre Forest, SO7576, Duncan, Feb 1908, 

“Dicranum bonjeanii var. rugifolium.” 

Dicranum scoparium, Broom Fork-moss, The 

Longmynd, SO4293, Hamilton, 26 Oct 1886: 

“wood between Church Stretton and Little 

Stretton.” 

‣ Brown Clee, SO5986, Weyman, Mr A.W., 31 

Mar 1893, det. R. Braithwaite: “Dicranum 

scoparium var. turfosum. Brown Clee Hill.” 

‣ The Wrekin, SJ6308, E.B. Benson, Jul 1896, 

det. W.P. Hamilton, “Dicranum scoparium var. 

orthophyllum.” 

‣ Oaks Wood, SJ4104, Hamilton, 22 May 1899 

D. montanum, Mountain Fork-moss, Alum Brook 

at Hampton Loade, SO7486, Duncan, Apr 

1906.” 

Campylopus fragilis, Brittle Swan-neck Moss, The 

Wrekin, SJ6308, Hamilton, Jun 1889. 

C. pyriformis, Dwarf Swan-neck Moss, 

Haughmond Hill, SJ5414, Hamilton, 21 Apr 

1905. 

‣ Lyd Hole, SJ4105, Hamilton, 24 Apr 1905. 

C. flexuosus, Rusty Swan-neck Moss, Pimhill, 


‣ The Stiperstones, SO3698, Hamilton, 23 May 

1904. 

Fissidens viridulus, Green Pocket-moss, River 

Severn at Belvidere, SJ5212, Hamilton, 26 Sep 

1901. 

F. pusillus, Petty Pocket-moss, Alum Brook at 

Hampton Loade, SO7486, Duncan, Oct 1906. 

F. incurvus, Short-leaved Pocket-moss, Highfields, 

Shrewsbury, SJ5112, Hamilton, Jan 1897. 

‣ Haughmond Hill, SJ5415, Hamilton, 28 Apr 

1898: “Fissidens incurvus var. tamarindifolius. 

Foot of Haughmond Hill, near the Abbey.” 

F. bryoides, Lesser Pocket-moss, Highfields, 

Shrewsbury, SJ5112, Hamilton, 30 Mar 1902. 

F. crassipes, Fatfoot Pocket-moss, Mor Brook at 

Eardington Mill, SO7190, Duncan, Apr 1906. 

F. exilis, Slender Pocket-moss, Weirhill Wood, 

SJ5212, Hamilton, 4 Feb 1884. 

F. osmundoides, Purple-stalked Pocket-moss, The 

Longmynd, SO4695, Hamilton, 26 Feb 1897: 

“valley up from All Stretton.” 

F. taxifolius, Common Pocket-moss, Lower 

Wallop, SJ3207, Phillips, Rev W., May 1888. 

F. dubius, Rock Pocket-moss, Haughmond Hill, 

SJ5313, Hamilton, 1885. 

‣ The Wrekin, SJ6308, Hamilton, Aug 1905. 

F. adianthoides, Maidenhair Pocket-moss, 

Pulverbatch, SJ4202, Benson, 28 Mar 1891. 

Octodiceras fontanum, Fountain Pocket-moss, 

River Severn at Bewdley, SO7875, Duncan, 

1901. 

‣ River Severn in Shrewsbury, SJ4912, 

Hamilton, 11 Oct 1904: “Pengwerne and the 

Schools landing stages, Kingsland.” 

Encalypta streptocarpa, Spiral Extinguisher-moss, 

Much Wenlock, SO6299, Painter, 15 May 

1905. 

E. vulgaris, Common Extinguisher-moss, Norbury, 

SO3692, Benson, 15 Jun 1891. 

Eucladium verticillatum, Whorled Tufa-moss, 

Hope Gutter, SO5078, A.W. Weyman, 30 May 

1891. 

Weissia controversa, Green-tufted Stubble-moss, 

Stapleton, SJ4704, Hamilton, 25 Nov 1897. 


1905. 

W. rutilans, Pointed-leaved Stubble-moss, 

Pulverbatch, SJ4202, Benson, Mar 1892. 

W. brachycarpa, Small-mouthed Beardless-moss, 

Shomere Pool, SJ5007, Hamilton, 13 May 

1893: “large field adjoining Shomere Moss.” 

W. longifolia, Crisp Beardless-moss, Stapleton, 

SJ4704, Hamilton, 25 Nov 1897: “gravel 

cutting near Stapleton.” 

Tortella tortuosa, Frizzled crisp-moss, Church 

Stretton, SO4593, Hamilton, 2 Oct 1890. 

‣ Wyre Forest, SO7576, Duncan, Apr 1904. 

Trichostomum brachydontium, Variable Crispmoss, 

Wyre Forest, SO7576, Duncan, Jul 1900. 


Mar 1910. 

T. tenuirostre, Narrow-fruited Crisp-moss, 

Smethcott Dingle, SJ4500, Hamilton, 9 Jul 

1891. 

T. crispulum, Curly Crisp-moss, Mor Brook, 

SO69, Duncan, May 1902. 

Dialytrichia mucronata, Pointed Lattice-moss, 

Mor Brook at Eardington Mill, SO7190, 

Duncan, Apr 1906. 

Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum, 

Hornschuch's Beard-moss, Ragleth Hill, 

SO4491, Hamilton, 12 Jul 1894. 

P. revolutum, Revolute Beard-moss, Worfield, 

SO7595, Hamilton, 14 Sep 1899. 

14

Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum, Red Beardmoss, 

St. Mary's Water Lane, Shrewsbury, 

SJ4912, Hamilton, 2 Jun 1887. 

Leptodontium flexifolium, Bent-leaved Beardmoss, 

Redhill Coppice, SJ4609, Hamilton, 2 

Dec 1893. 

Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum, Red Beardmoss, 

Shrewsbury Cemetery, SJ4811, 

Hamilton, 25 Oct 1895. 

Gyroweisia tenuis, Slender Stubble-moss, 

Emstrey, SJ5210, Hamilton, 1 Dec 1889. 

‣ Bowhills Dingle, SO7884, Duncan, Apr 1903. 

Barbula convoluta, Lesser Bird's-claw Beardmoss, 

Old Potteries Railway, Redhill, SJ4609, 

Hamilton, 28 Sep 1908. 

B. unguiculata, Bird's-claw Beard-moss, Earl's 

Hill, SJ4104, Hamilton, 26 May 1896. 

‣ Cheswell Grange, SJ7116, Hamilton, 23 May 

1901. 

Didymodon rigidulus, Rigid Beard-moss, Harmer 


D. vinealis, Soft-tufted Beard-moss, Shady Moor, 


‣ Cleobury Mortimer, SO6775, Duncan, 15 May 

1902. 

D. insulanus, Cylindric Beard-moss, Earl's Hill, 

SJ4104, Hamilton, 24 Apr 1905. 

D. luridus, Dusky Beard-moss, Dawley, SJ6907, 

Painter, Aug 1902. 

D. sinuosus, Wavy Beard-moss, Hope Gutter, 

SO5078, A.W. Weyman, 7 May 1892. 

D. tophaceus, Olive Beard-moss, Haughmond Hill, 


‣ Shrewsbury Canal at Uffington, SJ5214, 

Hamilton, 6 Jul 1905. 

D. spadiceus, Brown Beard-moss, Poughnhill, 

SO5373, A.W. Weyman, 2 Apr 1892. 

‣ Mor Brook, SO69, Duncan, Mar 1906. 

D. fallax, Fallacious Beard-moss, Highfields, 

Shrewsbury, SJ5112, Hamilton, 3 Apr 1885. 

‣ River Severn at Monkmoor, SJ5114, Hamilton, 

16 Mar 1899. 


Apr 1910. 

Aloina aloides, Common Aloe-moss, Shelton 

Rough, SJ4614, Hamilton, 11 Oct 1888. 

Tortula subulata, Awl-leaved Screw-moss, 

Haughmond Hill, SJ5413, Hamilton, 19 May 

1904. 

T. acaulon var. schreberiana, Schreberian Earthmoss, 

Pulverbatch, SJ4202, Benson, 4 Mar 

1893. 

T. muralis, Wall Screw-moss, Underdale, SJ5013, 

Hamilton, 23 Mar 1884. 

‣ Selattyn, SJ2633, Hamilton, 8 Sep 1904. 

T. wilsonii, Wilson's Pottia, Pulverbatch, SJ4202, 

Benson, 21 Dec 1892. 

T. modica, Blunt-fruited Pottia, Sharpstones Hill, 

SJ4909, Hamilton, 27 Nov 1887. 

T. marginata, Bordered Screw-moss, Badger 

Dingle, SO7799, Duncan, Apr 1909. 

T. truncata, Common Pottia, Highfields, SJ5112, 

Hamilton, 1 Oct 1905. 

T. acaulon, Cuspidate Earth-moss, Shrewsbury 

Racecourse, SJ5013, Hamilton, 4 Apr 1895. 

Microbryum davallianum, Smallest Pottia, Shady 

Moor, SJ4502, Hamilton, 8 Mar 1905. 

Acaulon muticum, Rounded Pigmy-moss, Nobold, 


‣ Underdale, SJ5013, Hamilton, 29 Aug 1889. 

Syntrichia ruralis, Great Hairy Screw-moss, 

Horderley, SO4086, Hamilton, 25 Apr 1901. 

‣ Haughmond Hill, SJ5313, Hamilton, 7 Sep 

1905. 

S. intermedia, Intermediate Screw-moss, Much 

Wenlock, SO6299, Painter, 24 Jul 1905. 

S. princeps, Brown Screw-moss, Haughmond Hill, 

SJ5414, Hamilton, 3 Mar 1902. 

S. laevipila, Small Hairy Screw-moss, Haughmond 

Hill, SJ5414, Hamilton, 9 Jan 1890. 

S. papillosa, Marble Screw-moss, Priors Halton, 

SO4975, A.W. Weyman, 27 Nov 1891. 

Cinclidotus fontinaloides, Smaller Lattice-moss, 

River Severn at Highley, SO7483, Duncan, 6 

Mar 1910. 

C. riparius, Fountain Lattice-moss, River Teme at 

Ludlow, SO5074, A.W. Weyman, 26 Apr 

1890, det. W.P. Hamilton, R. Braithwaite & H. 

Boswell. 

Schistidium apocarpum, Sessile Grimmia, River 

Severn at Monkmoor, SJ5114, Hamilton, Jun 

1900. 

‣ West Felton, SJ3425, Hamilton, 23 May 1901. 


1905. 

Grimmia montana, Sun Grimmia, The Wrekin, 

SJ6308, E.B. Benson, Mr E.B., Mar 1892. 

G. donniana, Donn's Grimmia, Pennerley, 


G. incurva, Black Grimmia, Titterstone Clee, 

SO5977, Duncan, 4 Oct 1902. 

G. pulvinata, Grey-cushioned Grimmia, Caer 

Caradoc, SO4795, Hamilton, 22 Jul 1897. 

‣ Wellington, SJ6511, Painter, Apr 1902. 

G. pulvinata var. africana, Blunt-beak Grimmia, 

River Worfe at Worfield, SO7595, Duncan, 

Apr 1909: “Bridge over the Worfe near 

Worfield.” 

G. trichophylla, Hair-pointed Grimmia, Lyd Hole, 

SJ4105, Hamilton, 22 Jun 1899. 

Racomitrium aciculare, Yellow Fringe-moss, 

Church Stretton, SO4593, Hamilton, 11 Apr 

1887. 

15

Racomitrium aquaticum, Narrow-leaved Fringemoss, 

Oaks Wood, SJ4104, Hamilton, 26 May 

1892. 


1905. 

R. fasciculare, Green Mountain Fringe-moss, 

Pennerley, SO3699, Hamilton, Jun 1906. 

R. sudeticum, Slender Fringe-moss, Titterstone 

Clee, SO5977, Duncan, May 1904. 

R. heterostichum, Bristly Fringe-moss, 

Meadowtown, SJ3101, Hamilton, 16 Sep 1897. 

‣ Little Wenlock, SJ6406, Painter, 21 Aug 1905. 

R. lanuginosum, Woolly Fringe-moss, Titterstone 

Clee, SO5977, Hamilton, 16 Jun 1892. 

R. ericoides, Dense Fringe-moss, Titterstone Clee, 

SO5977, Weyman, Mr A.W., 19 Apr 1892. 

R. canescens, Hoary Fringe-moss, Haughmond 

Hill, SJ5414, Hamilton, 28 Sep 1886. 

Ptychomitrium polyphyllum, Long-shanked 

Pincushion, Oaks Wood, SJ4104, Benson, 3 

Apr 1893. 

Funaria hygrometrica, Common Cord-moss, 

Shifnal, SJ7407, Hamilton, 26 May 1902. 

Entosthodon fascicularis, Hasselquist's Hyssop, 

Sutton, SJ5010, Hamilton, 8 Mar 1889. 

Entosthodon obtusus, Blunt Cord-moss, 

Haughmond Hill, SJ5414, Hamilton, 1891. 

Physcomitrium pyriforme, Common Bladder-moss, 

Caer Caradoc, SO4795, Hamilton, 25 May 

1893. 

Physcomitrium pyriforme, Common Bladder-moss, 

Lyd Hole, SJ4105, Hamilton, 24 Apr 1905. 

Aphanorhegma patens, Spreading Earth-moss, 

Mere Pool, SJ5110, Hamilton, 5 Aug 1888. 

Ephemerum serratum, Serrated Earth-moss, 

Highfields, Shrewsbury, SJ5112, Hamilton, 31 

Dec 1896. 

Tetraplodon mnioides, Slender Cruet-moss, 

Titterstone Clee, SO5977, Ley, Rev A., 25 

May 1893. 

Splachnum ampullaceum, Cruet Collar-moss, The 

Stiperstones, SO3698, Benson, 30 Jun 1892. 

Schistostega pennata, Luminous Moss, 

Pulverbatch Dingle, SJ4303, Hamilton, 17 Oct 

1901. 

Orthodontium gracile, Slender Thread-moss, 

Hodnet, SJ6129, Hamilton, 28 Apr 1892. 

Leptobryum pyriforme, Golden Thread-moss, The 

Quarry, Shrewsbury, SJ4812, Hamilton, 4 May 

1899. 

Pohlia elongata, Long-fruited Thread-moss, 

Hawkstone Park, SJ5729, Hamilton, 11 Aug 

1892. 

P. cruda, Opal Thread-moss, Titterstone Clee, 

SO5977, Duncan, 1 May 1904. 

P. nutans, Nodding Thread-moss, Mytton Dingle, 


‣ The Wrekin, SJ6308, Hamilton, 6 Apr 1896. 

‣ Whixall Moss, SJ4936, Hamilton, 11 May 

1905. 

P. annotina, Pale-fruited Thread-moss, 

Dudmaston, SO7488, Duncan, May 1901. 

‣ Wyre Forest, SO7576, Duncan, Oct 1908. 

P. melanodon, Pink-fruited Thread-moss, Shelton 

Rough, SJ4614, Hamilton, 19 Apr 1887. 

‣ Sutton, SJ5010, Hamilton, Oct 1906. 

P. wahlenbergii, Pale Glaucous Thread-moss, 

Shelton Rough, SJ4613, Hamilton, 6 Apr 1886. 

Plagiobryum zieri, Zierian Hump-moss, 

Lightspout Hollow, SO4395, W.G. Travis, 

1909. 

Bryum intermedium, Many-seasoned Thread-moss, 

Belvidere, SJ5112, Hamilton, 1886. 

B. capillare, Capillary Thread-moss, Sutton, 


‣ Tong, SJ7907, Hamilton, 13 May 1897. 

‣ Earl's Hill, SJ4004, Hamilton, 7 Jun 1897. 

B. subelegans, Flabby Thread-moss, Hencott Pool, 

SJ4916, Hamilton, 4 Aug 1901. 

B. pseudotriquetrum var. bimum, Bimous Marsh 

Bryum, Old Potteries Railway, Redhill, 


B. caespiticium, Tufted Thread-moss, Redhill, 


‣ River Severn in Shrewsbury, SJ4811, 

Hamilton, 6 May 1905: “under the Kingsland 

Bridge, Kingsland end.” 

B. argenteum, Silver-moss, Madeley, SJ6904, 

Hamilton, 17 Nov 1902. 

B. bicolor, Bicoloured Bryum, Shrewsbury 

Cemetery, SJ4811, Hamilton, Jan 1893. 

B. radiculosum, Wall Thread-moss, Longden 

Manor, SJ4205, Benson, May 1894. 

B. rubens, Crimson-tuber Thread-moss, Stapleton, 

SJ4704, Benson, May 1897, det. H.N. Dixon. 

B. alpinum, Alpine Thread-moss, Lightspout 

Hollow, SO4395, Hamilton, 4 Apr 1887. 

Rhodobryum roseum, Rose-moss, Haughmond 

Hill, SJ5414, Hamilton, 7 Jan 1884. 

Mnium hornum, Swan's-neck Thyme-moss, 

Bomere Pool, SJ4908, Hamilton, 3 Jun 1897. 

‣ Lyd Hole, SJ4105, H.J. Hamilton, 24 Apr 

1904, det. W.P. Hamilton. 

M. marginatum, Bordered Thyme-moss, Bowhills 

Dingle, SO7884, Duncan, May 1905. 

M. stellare, Starry Thyme-moss, Lyd Hole, 


Rhizomnium punctatum, Dotted Thyme-moss, 

Smethcott Dingle, SJ4500, Hamilton, 12 Jun 

1905. 

R. pseudopunctatum, Felted Thyme-moss, 

Pulverbatch, SJ4202, Benson, 25 Apr 1893. 

Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Woodsy Thyme-moss, 

Caughley Wood, SJ6900, Hamilton, 29 May 

1902. 

16

P. affine, Many-fruited Thyme-moss, Haughmond 

Hill, SJ5414, Hamilton, 20 Oct 1901. 

P. undulatum, Hart's-tongue Thyme-moss, Oaks 

Wood, SJ4104, Benson, 4 Apr 1893. 

P. rostratum, Long-beaked Thyme-moss, Earl's 

Hill, SJ4104, Hamilton, 7 Jun 1897. 

Aulacomnium palustre, Bog Groove-moss, The 

Longmynd, SO4595, Hamilton, 8 Jul 1897. 

Aulacomnium androgynum, Bud-headed Groovemoss, 

Huglith Hill, SJ4002, Hamilton, Mar 

1892. 

‣ Weeping Cross, SJ5110, Hamilton, Nov 1897. 

Bartramia pomiformis, Common Apple-moss, 

Earl's Hill, SJ4004, Hamilton, 7 Jun 1897. 

B. ithyphylla, Straight-leaved Apple-moss, The 

Longmynd, SO4493, Hamilton, 26 Oct 1886: 

“wood on hill-side between Church Stretton 

and Little Stretton.” 

Philonotis arnellii, Arnell's Apple-moss, Wyre 

Forest, SO7576, Duncan, Oct 1906. 

P. fontana, Fountain Apple-moss, Lightspout 

Hollow, SO4395, Hamilton, 27 May 1884. 

P. calcarea, Thick-nerved Apple-moss, Stapeley 

Hill, SO3199, Benson & Hamilton, 4 Aug 

1892. 

Breutelia chrysocoma, Golden-head Moss, The 

Longmynd, SO4293, Hamilton, 8 Jul 1890. 

Amphidium mougeotii, Mougeot's Yoke-moss, 


Zygodon viridissimus, Green Yoke-moss, Weeping 

Cross, SJ5110, Hamilton, 22 Jan 1905. 

Z. viridissimus var. stirtonii, Stirton's Yoke-moss, 

Highley, SO7483, Duncan, 1 Jun 1902. 

Orthotrichum lyellii, Lyell's Bristle-moss, 

Meadowtown, SJ3101, Hamilton, 16 Sep 1897. 

O. striatum, Shaw's Bristle-moss, Smethcott, 

SO4599, Hamilton, 8 Mar 1894. 

O. affine, Wood Bristle-moss, Redhill Coppice, 


O. rupestre, Rock Bristle-moss, The Longmynd, 

SO4092, Benson, Jun 1891, “The Longmynd, 

near Wentnor.” 

O. anomalum, Anomalous Bristle-moss, Buildwas, 

SJ6304, Painter, 14 Jun 1904. 

O. cupulatum, Hooded Bristle-moss, Highley, 

SO7483, Duncan, Mar 1910: “red sandstone 

rocks in woods near Highley.” 

O. rivulare, River Bristle-moss, Earl's Hill, 

SJ4004, Hamilton, 1 Aug 1897: “in the stream 

at the old Skin Mill near Pontesford.” 

O. sprucei, Spruce's Bristle-moss, River Severn at 

Monkmoor, SJ5114, Hamilton, 2 Sep 1897: 

“Willows by the Severn, Monkmoor.” 

O. sprucei, Spruce's Bristle-moss, Borle Brook at 

Newlands, SO7481, Duncan, Nov 1909. 

O. diaphanum, White-tipped Bristle-moss, 

Weeping Cross, SJ5110, Hamilton, 26 Jan 

1905. 

Ulota crispa, Crisped Pincushion, Whitcliffe 

Wood, SO5074, A.W. Weyman, 24 Jan 1891. 

‣ Wyre Forest, SO7576, Duncan, Apr 1900. 

‣ Bowhills Dingle, SO7884, Duncan, Apr 1903. 

U. bruchii, Bruch's Pincushion, Hampton Loade, 

SO7486, Duncan & Hamilton, 1910. [DoD 

used (Hamilton)]. 

Hedwigia ciliata, Fringed Hoar-moss, Haughmond 

Abbey, SJ5415, Hamilton, 20 Jul 1889. 

Fontinalis antipyretica, Greater Water-moss, River 

Severn at Monkmoor, SJ5114, Hamilton, 5 

Aug 1897. 

‣ Sutton, SJ5010, Hamilton, Mar 1904. 

F. squamosa, Alpine Water-moss, River Severn at 

Highley, SO7483, Duncan, Sep 1902. 

Climacium dendroides, Tree-moss, Haughmond 

Abbey, SJ5415, E.M. Hamilton, 7 Sep 1905. 

Cryphaea heteromalla, Lateral Cryphaea, 

Wilderley, SJ4301, Benson, 1893. 

Leucodon sciuroides, Squirrel-tail Moss, 

Baschurch, SJ4221, E.B. Benson, May 1901, 

det. R. de G. Benson. 

Neckera crispa, Crisped Neckera, Lyd Hole, 

SJ4105, Benson, 16 Sep 1890. 

N. complanata, Flat Neckera, Preston Boats, 

SJ5211, Hamilton, 5 Sep 1898. 

Homalia trichomanoides, Blunt Feather-moss, 

River Onny, SO48, Hamilton, 25 Apr 1901. 

Thamnobryum alopecurum, Fox-tail Feather-moss, 

Caughley Wood, SJ6900, Hamilton, 29 Apr 

1902. 

Hookeria lucens, Shining Hookeria, Smethcott 

Dingle, SJ4500, Hamilton, 12 Jun 1905. 

Leskea polycarpa, Many-fruited Leskea, 

Monkmoor, SJ5113, Hamilton, 25 Apr 1907. 

Anomodon viticulosus, Rambling Tail-moss, 

Farley Dingle, SJ6302, Painter, 14 Apr 1902. 

Heterocladium heteropterum, Wry-leaved 

Tamarisk-moss, Smethcott Dingle, SJ4500, 

Hamilton, Benson, 5 Mar 1891. 

Heterocladium heteropterum var. flaccidum, 

Slender Tamarisk-moss, Smethcott, SO4599, 

Hamilton, 12 Jun 1905. 

Thuidium tamariscinum, Common Tamarisk-moss, 

Kingsland, SJ4811, Hamilton, 9 Feb 1886. 

Palustriella commutata, Curled Hook-moss, Lyd 

Hole, SJ4105, Hamilton, 2 Aug 1897. 

P. commutata var. falcata, Claw-leaved Hookmoss, 

Earl's Hill, SJ4004, Hamilton, 5 May 

1896. 

Cratoneuron filicinum, Fern-leaved Hook-moss, 

Caer Caradoc, SO4795, Hamilton, 22 Jul 1897. 

‣ Hampton Loade, SO7486, Duncan, Mar 1910. 

Campylium stellatum, Yellow Starry Feathermoss, 

Wilderley Green, SJ4301, Benson, 27 Jul 

1892. 

17

C. stellatum var. protensum, Dull Starry Feathermoss, 

Benthall Edge, SJ6603, Hamilton, 21 

Apr 1903. 

Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Golden Feathermoss, 

Snailbeach, SJ3702, E.B. Benson, 13 

Aug 1901, det. Benson & Hamilton. 

‣ Old Potteries Railway, Redhill, SJ4609, 


Campylophyllum calcareum, Chalk Feather-moss, 

Farley Dingle, SJ6302, Painter, Apr 1907. 

Amblystegium serpens, Creeping Feather-moss, 

Betton Pool, SJ5107, Hamilton, 27 May 1901, 

conf. Dixon, Mr H.N.: “maple trunk, edge of 

Betton Pool.” 

‣ Underdale, SJ5013, Hamilton, Apr 1907, 

“Stone in the stream at the crook of Underdale 

Lane.” 

A. fluviatile, Brook-side Feather-moss, The 

Longmynd, SO4695, Hamilton, 26 Feb 1897. 

Leptodictyum riparium, Kneiff's Feather-moss, 

Bomere Pool, SJ4908, Hamilton, 24 May 1888. 

‣ Stirchley, SJ7006, Painter, 8 Jun 1905. 

Warnstorfia fluitans, Floating Hook-moss, Whixall 

Moss, SJ4936, Hamilton, 18 Sep 1895. 

‣ Whixall Moss, SJ4936, E. Armitage & A.W. 

Weyman, Jun 1898. 

‣ Dawley, SJ6907, Hamilton, 8 Jun 1899. 

‣ Lawley, SJ6708, Painter, Aug 1901. 

‣ The Stiperstones, SO3698, Hamilton, 4 Apr 

1903. 

Drepanocladus aduncus, Kneiff's Hook-moss, 

Mere Pool, SJ5110, Hamilton, 24 Feb 1899. 

‣ Betton, SJ6936, Hamilton, 27 May 1901. 

‣ Ditherington, SJ5014, Hamilton, 10 Nov 1901. 

D. revolvens, Rusty Hook-moss, The Longmynd, 

SO4293, Benson, Jul 1892. 

D. cossonii, Intermediate Hook-moss, Sheppen 

Fields, SJ4201, Hamilton, 27 Jul 1892. 

Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Slender Green Feathermoss, 

Sheppen Fields, SJ4201, Benson & 

Hamilton, 27 Jul 1892. 

Sanionia uncinata, Sickle-leaved Hook-moss, Lyd 

Hole, SJ4105, A.G. Benson, 1899, det. W.P. 

Hamilton. 

Hygrohypnum luridum, Drab Brook-moss, 

Belvidere, SJ5112, Hamilton, 5 Jun 1887. 

H. eugyrium, Western Brook-moss, Titterstone 

Clee, SO5977, Duncan, 1 May 1904. 

Scorpidium scorpioides, Hooked Scorpion-moss, 

The Longmynd, SO4293, E. Cleminshaw, 3 

Jun 1905. 

Calliergon stramineum, Straw Spear-moss, The 

Stiperstones, SO3698, Benson, 29 Jun 1892. 

C. cordifolium, Heart-shaped Spear-moss, Hencott 

Pool, SJ4916, Hamilton, 8 Aug 1889. 

C. giganteum, Giant Spear-moss, Minton Batch, 

SO4191, Benson, 5 May 1893. 

Calliergonella cuspidata, Pointed Spear-moss, 

River Severn at Belvidere, SJ5112, Hamilton, 

31 Mar 1893. 

‣ Rushbury, SO5191, Painter, 27 May 1902. 

Isothecium myosuroides, Slender Mouse-tail Moss, 


I. alopecuroides, Larger Mouse-tail Moss, 

Benthall Edge, SJ6603, Painter, 24 Sep 1906. 

Homalothecium sericeum, Silky Wall Feathermoss, 

Shrewsbury, SJ5012, Hamilton, 4 Apr 

1886. 

H. lutescens, Fellow Feather-moss, Pulverbatch, 

SJ4202, Benson, 1891. 

Brachythecium albicans, Whitish Feather-moss, 

Weeping Cross, SJ5110, Hamilton, 1 Jun 1886: 

“railway bridge near Weeping Cross.” 

B. glareosum, Streaky Feather-moss, Nesscliffe 

Hill, SJ3819, Hamilton, 9 Jun 1898. 

B. rutabulum, Rough-stalked Feather-moss, 

Stirchley, SJ7006, Hamilton, Apr 1897. 

‣ Belvidere, SJ5112, Hamilton, 27 Dec 1897. 

B. rivulare, River Feather-moss, The Longmynd, 

SO4293, Hamilton, 26 Jun 1890. 

‣ Wilderley Hill, SJ4100, Benson, 27 Jul 1892. 

‣ Cleobury Mortimer, SO6775, Duncan, 15 May 

1902. 

B. velutinum, Velvet Feather-moss, Shrewsbury, 

SJ4912, Hamilton, Mar 1902. 

B. populeum, Matted Feather-moss, Lyd Hole, 


B. plumosum, Rusty Feather-moss, Lyd Hole, 


Scleropodium purum, Neat Feather-moss, 

Underdale, SJ5013, Hamilton, 3 Mar 1885. 

S. cespitans, Tufted Feather-moss, River Severn at 

Highley, SO7483, Duncan, Sep 1902. 

S. tourettii, Glass-wort Feather-moss, Nesscliffe, 

SJ3819, Benson, Hamilton, 9 Jun 1898: “on the 

road to Nesscliff, in sandstone cutting at about 

the boundary of Divisions II & III.” 

Cirriphyllum piliferum, Hair-pointed Feathermoss, 

Monkmoor, SJ5113, Hamilton, 31 Jan 

1886. 

Rhynchostegium riparioides, Long-beaked Water 

Feather-moss, Pulverbatch, SJ4202, Hamilton, 

19 Oct 1901. 

R. murale, Wall Feather-moss, The Quarry, 

Shrewsbury, SJ4812, Hamilton, 2 Nov 1899. 

Eurhynchium striatum, Common Striated Feathermoss, 

Redhill, SJ4609, Hamilton, 10 Apr 1888. 

E. pumilum, Dwarf Feather-moss, Underdale, 


E. praelongum, Common Feather-moss, Weeping 

Cross, SJ5110, Hamilton, 11 Nov 1897. 

‣ River Onny, SO48, Hamilton, 25 Apr 1901. 

E. hians, Swartz's Feather-moss, Underdale, 

SJ5013, Hamilton, Dec 1897. 

18

E. schleicheri, Twist-tip Feather-moss, Hampton 

Loade, SO7486, Duncan, Feb 1910. 

E. speciosum, Showy Feather-moss, Woolston, 

SO4287, Hamilton, 23 May 1901: “St. 

Winifred's Well, Woolston.” 

E. crassinervium, Beech Feather-moss, Mor Brook 

at Eardington Mill, SO7190, Duncan, Apr 

1906. 

Rhynchostegiella tenella, Tender Feather-moss, 

Benthall Edge, SJ6603, Hamilton, 17 Aug 

1905. 

R. curviseta, Curve-stalked Feather-moss, 

Hampton Loade, SO7486, Duncan, 15 Mar 

1908, conf. H.H. Knight. 

R. teneriffae, Teesdale Feather-moss, Benthall 

Edge, SJ6603, Hamilton, 21 May 1903. 

Pleurozium schreberi, Red-stemmed Feathermoss, 

The Wrekin, SJ6308, Hamilton, Jul 

1886. 

Plagiothecium latebricola, Alder Silk-moss, Lord's 


‣ Mor Brook, SO69, Duncan, Feb 1908. 

P. denticulatum, Dented Silk-moss, Crudgington, 

SJ6318, Painter, Jun 1898. 

P. nemorale, Woodsy Silk-moss, Pulverbatch, 


P. undulatum, Waved Silk-moss, Little Stretton, 

SO4491, Hamilton, 13 Jul 1886. 

Hypnum cupressiforme, Cypress-leaved Plaitmoss, 

Pulverbatch, SJ4202, Benson, Jan 1897. 

‣ Wilderley, SJ4301, Hamilton, Oct 1901. 

H. lacunosum, Great Plait-moss, Horderley, 

SO4086, Hamilton, 25 Apr 1901. 

H. lacunosum var. tectorum, Roof Plait-moss, The 

Moat, Stapleton, SJ4503, Hamilton, Jun 1901. 

H. resupinatum, Supine Plait-moss, Weeping 

Cross, SJ5110, Hamilton, 10 Apr 1904. 

H. andoi, Mammillate Plait-moss, Redhill, SJ4609, 


H. jutlandicum, Heath Plait-moss, Haughmond 

Hill, SJ5414, Hamilton, 21 Apr 1905. 

H. lindbergii, Lindberg's Plait-moss, Wyre Forest, 

SO7576, Duncan, May 1901. 

Ctenidium molluscum, Chalk Comb-moss, 

Lightspout Hollow, SO4395, Hamilton, 11 Apr 

1887. 

‣ Smethcott, SO4599, Hamilton, 6 Jun 1905. 

Hyocomium armoricum, Flagellate Feather-moss, 

Titterstone Clee, SO6078, Duncan & Hamilton, 

1 May 1904. 

Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Big Shaggy-moss, 

Caer Caradoc, SO4795, Painter, Jul 1899. 

R. squarrosus, Springy Turf-moss, Pulverbatch, 

SJ4202, Benson, Feb 1891. 

R. loreus, Little Shaggy-moss, The Wrekin, 


Hylocomium brevirostre, Short-beaked Woodmoss, 

Snailbeach, SJ3702, E.B. Benson, 13 

Aug 1901, det. R. de G. Benson. 

H. splendens, Glittering Wood-moss, Church 

Stretton, SO4593, Hamilton, Oct 1886. 

19

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20

Rare Plants of Shropshire 

3rd Edition 

A.J. Lockton & S.J. Whild 

Published January 2005 

Price: £14 (+ £2 p&p) payable to ‘Shropshire Botanical Society’ 

Special offer to members of the Shropshire Botanical Society: £12 (+ £2 p & p). 

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