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Fauna and Flora Specialists 

PO Box 886 

Irene, 0062 

Tel: 012-345 4891 

Fax: 086 675 6136 

Email: Vanessam@lantic.net 

Flora Assessment 

of 

MOKOLO – CROCODILE RIVER 

WATER PIPELINE PHASE 1 

April 2009 

Report edited by: Ms. Vanessa Marais of Galago Environmental 

Report author: Dr. J.V. Van Greuning, (Pri. Sci. Nat: D.Sc) 

Flora Report: Mokolo Phase 1 April 2009 1 of 19 pages

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 3 

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY............................................................. 3 

3. SCOPE OF STUDY .............................................................................. 3 

4. STUDY AREA ....................................................................................... 3 

5. METHODS ............................................................................................ 4 

6. RESULTS.............................................................................................. 5 

6.1 Plant communities .............................................................................5 

6.2 Medicinal species ..............................................................................5 

6.3 Alien species .....................................................................................5 

6.4 Orange listed species ........................................................................5 

6.5 Red listed species .............................................................................5 

6.6 Limpopo Sweet Bushveld (Annexure A) ............................................6 

6.7 Waterberg Mountain Bushveld (Annexure A) ....................................9 

7. FINDINGS AND POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS ................................... 13 

8. RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASSURES .................................. 14 

9. CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 15 

10. REFERENCES.................................................................................... 15 

ANNEXURE A: VEGETATION MAP OF THE STUDY ROUTE ..................... 16 

ANNEXURE B: PLANT SPECIES RECORDED ON PIPELINE ROUTE ....... 17 

FIGURES: 

Figure 1: Locality map of the study site...................................................................... 4 

Figure 2: The Phase 1 pipeline route indicating the location of waypoints ............... 5 

Figure 3: Trees and shrubs growing on sandy loam. ................................................. 6 

Figure 4: Acacia species and Spirostachys africana growing on clayey soils............ 7 

Figure 5: Vegetation on rocky, shallow sandy soil. .................................................. 10 

Figure 6: Vegetation on low-lying, deep sandy soil. ................................................ 10 

Figure 7: Kirkia accuminata growing at the Waterberg Mountain Bushveld............. 11 

TABLES: 

Table 1: Plant species recorded in the Limpopo Sweet Bushveld....................... 7 

Table 2: Plant species recorded in the Waterberg Mountain Bushveld............. 11 


1. INTRODUCTION 

Galago Environmental CC was appointed to undertake a botanical study along the 

proposed route for the Mokolo-Crocodile river pipeline phase 1. The objective of the 

study was to delimit and map plant communities along the proposed pipeline route 

and to list the plant species occurring in each community. Special attention was paid 

to the presence or possible presence of Red Data species, Orange Listed species, 

alien species and medicinal species. The current ecological status and the 

conservation priority of the vegetation on the site were assessed. 

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 

• To assess the current habitat and conservation status on the study site. 

• To list the species on the site and to recommend necessary actions in case of 

occurrence of endangered, vulnerable or rare species. 

• To highlight potential impacts of the development on the vegetation of the 

pipeline route. 

• To provide management recommendations to mitigate negative and enhance 

positive impacts should the proposed development be approved. 

3. SCOPE OF STUDY 

• All plant species discernable at the date of the survey are listed. 

• Medicinal and alien species are indicated with symbols in the tables. 

• The ecological sensitivity and conservation priority of the vegetation are 

evaluated. 

• Measures to minimize the negative impact of development on the vegetation 

are suggested. 

4. STUDY AREA 

The pipeline route is located in several quarter degree grid squares ranging from 

Steenbokpan in the west to Lephalale in the east and then south to Mokolo dam 

(Figure 1; Annexure A). It extends from west to east over the Limpopo Sweet 

Bushveld and Waterberg Mountain Bushveld to the south. In the area of waypoint 

031 some elements of Central Sandy Bushveld such as Acacia burkei, Combretum 

zeyheri and Terminalia sericea occur but the vegetation still closely resembles 

Waterberg Mountain Bushveld. 

The Limpopo Sweet Bushveld extends from the Crocodile and Marico rivers down 

the Limpopo river valley into the tropics past Tom Burke. The landscape features 

plains, some areas undulating or irregular with thickets of Acacia erubescens, Acacia 

mellifera and Dichrostachys cinerea in disturbed areas. The vegetation unit is 

considered least threatened. Less than 1% is statutorily conserved and about 5% 

transformed, mainly by cultivation (Mucina & Rutherford, 2006). 

Waterberg Mountain Bushveld is located in the Waterberg Mountains, including the 

foothills, escarpment and tablelands south of the line between Lephalale and 

Marken. The landscape consists of rugged mountains with vegetation grading from 


Faurea saligna-Protea caffra bushveld on higher slopes to Burkea africana- 

Terminalia sericea savanna in the lower-lying valleys. The grass layer is moderately 

developed. The conservation status is regarded least threatened. About 9% is 

statutorily conserved mainly in the Marakele National Park and Moepel Nature 

Reserve. More than 3% is transformed by cultivation (Mucina & Rutherford, 2006). 

N 

5. METHODS 

Study route 

for phase 1 

Figure 1: Locality map of the study site. 

The survey was carried out on 25 and 26 March 2009. Eleven waypoints were 

randomly chosen along the Phase 1 pipeline route and the plants in a strip plot 100m 

long and 50m wide were identified at each waypoint (Figure 2). The locations of 

waypoints were precisely determined with GPS and plotted on the pipeline route with 

GIS. The delimitation of vegetation units is indicated on the satellite maps provided in 

Annexure A. 

The site was scrutinised for Red Data and Orange Listed species that might occur in 

this habitat. Attention was also paid to the occurrence of alien species and declared 

weeds. 


Figure 2: The Phase 1 pipeline route indicating the location of waypoints 020 to 032. 

6. RESULTS 

6.1 Plant communities 

It was not attempted to delimit communities in a study area of such vast extent. 

However, the different vegetation units were mapped and the variation in species 

composition as a result of differences in edaphic factors, moisture and altitude in 

each unit discussed. 

6.2 Medicinal species 

Medicinal plant species are indicated in tables 1 and 2. Of the 166 plant species 

recorded on the pipeline route, 10 species were reported to have medicinal 

properties (Van Wyk et al. 2002; Van Wyk & Wink, 2004). 

6.3 Alien species 

The alien plant species are indicated in the tables with an asterisk. The diversity of 

alien species is low because of the natural condition of the vegetation. The names of 

Category 1 Declared weeds are printed in bold and the removal of these plants is 

compulsory by law. 

6.4 Orange listed species 

No Orange Listed species were found on the study site. 

6.5 Red listed species 

No Red Data species were found on the study site. 


6.6 Limpopo Sweet Bushveld (Annexure A) 

The soil is predominantly sandy loam with dominant tree species Combretum 

apiculatum, Acacia erubescens, Acacia nigrescens and Commiphora species; 

dominant shrub species are Grewia monticola, Grewia bicolor, Grewia flava and 

Euclea undulata. Eragrostis rigidior, Urochloa mosambicensis and Eragrostis 

congesta are the most abundant grass species (Figure 3). In disturbed areas and low 

-lying clayey areas thickets of Acacia erubescens, Acacia mellifera, Dichrostachys 

cinerea and Spirostachys africana are dominant (Figure 4). 

Of the 117 species recorded, nine species are known to have medicinal properties. 

Only four alien species were recorded of which Cereus jamacaru is a Category 1 

Declared weed and must be eradicated. No Red Data or Orange Listed species were 

found. 

Except for the zone running through the town of Steenbokspan and the developed 

areas near Lephalale, the vegetation along the pipeline route can be regarded as 

sensitive and has a high conservation priority. The occurrence of protected trees 

such as Sclerocarya birrea is of importance. 

Figure 3: Trees and shrubs growing on sandy loam. 


Figure 4: Acacia species and Spirostachys africana growing on clayey soils. 

Table 1: Plant species recorded in the Limpopo Sweet Bushveld. 

Alien species are indicated by * and medicinal species by ♥. 

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME 

Acacia burkei Black monkey thorn 

Acacia caffra Common hook-thorn 

Acacia erioloba Camel thorn 

Acacia erubescens Blue thorn 

Acacia karroo♥ Sweet thorn 

Acacia mellifera subsp. detinens Black thorn 

Acacia nigrescens Knob-thorn 

Acacia nilotica Scented pod 

Acacia robusta subsp. rubusta Broad-pod robust thorn 

Acacia tortilis subsp. heteracantha Umbrella thorn 

Achyranthes aspera var. aspera* Burweed 

Albizia anthelmintica♥ Worm-bark false-thorn 

Albizia harveyi Bushveld false-thorn 

Aloe chabaudii 

Ammocharis coranica Seeroogblom 

Aristida adscensionis Annual three-awn 

Aristida congesta subsp. barbicollis Spreading three-awn 

Aristida congesta subsp. congesta Tassel three awn 

Aristida stipitata Long-awned grass 

Asparagus sp. Wild asparagus 

Bauhinia petersiana subsp. macrantha Kalahari bauhinia 

Blepharis integrifolia var. integrifolia 

Boscia albitrunca Shepherd tree 

Boscia foetida subsp. rehmanniana Foetid shepherd tree 

Bothriochloa insculpta Pinhole grass 

Burkea africana Wild seringa 

Carissa bispinosa Forest num-num 

Cenchrus ciliaris Foxtail buffalo grass 



Cereus jamacaru* Queen of the night 

Chamaecrista capensis var. capensis 

Chloris virgata Feather-top chloris 

Clerodendrum ternatum 

Combretum apiculatum Red bush-willow 

Combretum hereroense Russet bush-willow 

Combretum zeyheri Large-fruited bush-willow 

Commelina africana 

Commelina benghalensis 

Commelina sp. 

Commiphora angolensis Sand corkwood 

Commiphora mollis Velvet-leaved corkwood 

Commiphora pyracanthoides Common corkwood 

Crotalaria eremicola subsp. eremicola 

Cucumis zeyheri Wild cucumber 

Cyperus margaritaceus var 

margaritaceus 

Dicerocaryum eriocarpum Devil’s thorn 

Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana Small-leaved sickle bush 

var. africana 

Dicoma tomentosa 

Digitaria eriantha Common finger grass 

Diheteropogon amplectens Broad-leaved bluestem 

Dombeya rotundifolia var. rotundifolia♥ Wild pear 

Ehretia rigida Puzzle bush 

Elephantorrhiza elephantina♥ Elephant’s root 

Enneapogon cenchroides Nine-awned grass 

Eragrostis gummiflua Gum grass 

Eragrostis pallens Broom love grass 

Eragrostis rigidior Curly leaf 

Eragrostis superba Saw-tooth love grass 

Eragrostis trichophora Hairy love grass 

Euclea natalensis subsp. angustifolia Natal guarri 

Euclea undulata♥ Small-leaved guarri 

Evolvulus alsinoides 

Gardenia volkensii subsp. spathulifolia Bushveld gardenia 

Grewia bicolor White raisin 

Grewia flava Velvet raisin 

Grewia flavescens Sandpaper raisin 

Grewia monticola Grey raisin 

Gymnosporia buxifolia Spike-thorn 

Harpagophytum zeyheri subsp. zeyheri♥ 

Hermbsteadtia odorata var. odorata Rooiaarbossie 

Heteropogon contortus Spear grass 

Heteropogon melanocarpus 

Hibiscus cannabinus* Wild stockrose 

Indigofera daleoides var. daleoides 

Ipomoea magnusiana 

Ipomoea obscura var. obscura Wild petunia 

Justicia flava 

Kyphocarpa angustifolia 



Lannea discolor Live-long 

Lantana rugosa Bird’s brandy 

Maerua angolensis Bead-bean 

Melhania forbesii 

Melinis repens subsp. grandiflora Natal red top 

Monsonia angustifolia Crane’s bill 

Ocimum americanum subsp. americanum 

Ozoroa paniculosa var. paniculosa Resin tree 

Panicum maximum Guinea grass 

Pavetta lanceolata Bridal bush 

Perotis patens Cat’s tail 

Phyllanthus parvulus Dye bush 

Pogonarthria squarrosa Herringbone grass 

Portulaca kermesina 

Portulaca quadrifida* Wild purslane 

Rhoicissus revoilii Bushveld grape 

Rhynchosia totta 

Sarcostemma viminale subsp. viminale Melktou 

Schmidtia pappophoroides Sand quick 

Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra♥ Marula 

Setaria ustilata 

Sida alba Spiny sida 

Sida dregei Spider-leg 

Solanum panduriforme Poison apple 

Solanum tettense var. renschii 

Spirostachys africana Tamboti 

Sterculia rogersii Star chestnut 

Stipagrostis uniplumis var. uniplumis Silky bushman grass 

Tephrosia rhodesica var. rhodesica 

Terminalia sericea♥ Silver cluster-leaf 

Tragia rupestris 

Tylosema esculentum 

Urochloa mosambicensis Bushveld signal grass 

Vernonia poskeana subsp. botswanica 

Waltheria indica 

Xenostegia tridentata subsp. angustifolia 

Ximenia americana var. microphylla Blue sourplum 

Ximenia caffra var. caffra Sourplum 

Ziziphus mucronata♥ Buffalo thorn 

Zornia milneana 

6.7 Waterberg Mountain Bushveld (Annexure A) 

The soil is mainly coarse-grained shallow and sandy, alternated by outcrops of 

sandstone and conglomerate. Diplorhynchus condylocarpon, Bridelia mollis, 

Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia and Albizia brevifolia are common tree species on 

rocky, shallow-soiled areas (Figure 5). In low-lying areas deep, fine-grained sandy 

soil is the preferred substrate for Terminalia sericea, Peltophorum africanum, 

Combretum zeyheri and Dombeya rotundifolia which are common for Sandy 

Bushveld (Figure 6). An interesting phenomenon is the occurrence of Kirkia 

acuminata which is common in the Mopane Bushveld (Figure 7). 


Seven of the 112 species recorded are known to have medicinal value and three 

alien species were found. No Red Data or Orange Listed species occur in this 

vegetation unit. 

The zone along the existing pipeline is already transformed; therefore it is not 

sensitive. The vegetation either side of the route and that of the section between 

Steenbokpan and Lephalale is natural primary savannah and are considered 

ecologically sensitive. 

Figure 5: Vegetation on rocky, shallow sandy soil. 

Figure 6: Vegetation on low-lying, deep sandy soil. Note the abundance of Silver 

cluster-leaf. 


Figure 7: Kirkia accuminata growing at the margin of Waterberg Mountain Bushveld. 

Table 2: Plant species recorded in the Waterberg Mountain Bushveld. 

Alien species are indicated by * and medicinal species by ♥. 


Acacia burkei Black monkey thorn 

Acacia erubescens Blue thorn 

Acacia mellifera subsp. detinens Black thorn 

Acacia nigrescens Knob-thorn 

Acacia nilotica Scented pod 

Acacia robusta subsp. robusta Broad-pod robust thorn 

Acacia senegal var. rostrata Bushy three-hook thorn 

Acalypha indica 

Achyranthes aspera var. aspera* Burweed 

Albizia brevifolia Rock false-thorn 

Albizia tanganyicensis Paper-barked false-thorn 

Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii Mountain aloe 

Aristida congesta subsp. barbicollis Spreading three-awn 

Aristida congesta subsp. congesta Tassel three-awn 

Aristida stipitata Long-awned grass 

Boscia albitrunca Shepherd tree 

Brachiaria nigropedata Black-footed grass 

Bridelia mollis Velvet sweet-berry 

Chamaecrista capensis var. capensis 

Chloris virgata Feather-top chloris 

Chrysopogon serrulatus Golden beard grass 

Combretum apiculatum Red bush-willow 

Combretum imberbe Leadwood 

Combretum molle Velvet bush-willow 

Combretum zeyheri Large-fruited bush-willow 

Commelina sp. 

Commiphora mollis Velvet-leaved corkwood 

Corchorus kirkii 


SCIENTIFIC NAME 

Corchorus longipedunculatus 

COMMON NAME 

Croton gratissimus var. gratissimus Lavender fever-berry 

Dicerocaryum eriocarpum Devil’s thorn 

Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana Small-leaved sickle bush 

var. africana 

Digitaria eriantha Common finger grass 

Diplorhynchus condylocarpon Horn-pod tree 

Dombeya rotundifolia var. rotundifolia♥ Wild pear 

Elephantorrhiza elephantina♥ Elephant’s root 

Englerophytum magalismontanum Stem-fruit 

Eragrostis aspera Rough love grass 

Eragrostis pallens Broom love grass 

Eragrostis rigidior Curly leaf 

Eragrostis trichophora Hairy love grass 

Euclea natalensis subsp. angustifolia Natal guarri 

Euclea undulata♥ 

Euphorbia neopolycnemoides 

Small-leaved guarri 

Ficus abutilifolia Large-leaved rock fig 

Flueggea virosa subsp. virosa White-berry bush 

Gardenia volkensi subsp. spathulifolia Bushveld gardenia 

Gomphocarpus fruticosus♥ Milkweed 

Gomphrena celosioides* Bachelor’s button 

Grewia bicolor White raisin 

Grewia flava Velvet raisin 

Grewia flavescens Sandpaper raisin 

Grewia monticola Grey raisin 

Gymnosporia buxifolia Spike-thorn 

Gymnosporia tenuispina 

Hermannia grisea 

Bell spike-thorn 

Heteropogon contortus Spear grass 

Hexalobus monopetalus var. 

Shakama plum 

monopetalus 

Hibiscus trionum Bladderweed 

Indigofera daleoides var. daleoides 

Indigofera oxytropis 


Kirkia acuminata White seringa 


Lannea discolor Live-long 

Limeum sp. 

Melhania burchellii 


Melinis repens subsp. grandiflora Natal red top 

Mimusops zeyheri Moepel 

Mundulea sericea Cork bush 

Ochna inermis Stunted plane 

Ozoroa paniculosa var. paniculosa Resin tree 

Panicum maximum Guinea grass 

Pappea capensis Jacket-plum 

Pavetta lanceolata Bridal bush 

Pellaea calomelanos var. calomelanos 



Peltophorum africanum African wattle 

Perotis patens Cat’s tail 

Phyllanthus parvulus Dye bush 

Plumbago zeylanica* Wild white plumbago 

Pogonarthria squarrosa 


Herringbone grass 

Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. 

maprouneifolia 

Kudu-berry 

Pterocarpus rotundifolius subsp. 

Round-leaved bloodwood 

rotundifolius 

Pupalia lappacea var. lappacea 

Rhoicissus revoilii Bushveld grape 


Sarcostemma viminale subsp. viminale Melktou 

Schotia bracypetala Weeping boer-bean 

Sclerocarya birea subsp. caffra♥ Marula 


Sida cordifolia Flannel weed 

Sida dregei Spider-leg 

Solanum panduriforme Poison apple 

Spermacoce senensis 

Spirostachys africana Tamboti 

Strychnos madagascariensis Black monkey orange 

Tephrosia longipes subsp. longipes 

Terminalia sericea♥ Silver cluster-leaf 


Tricholaena monachne Blue-seed grass 

Trichoneura grandiglumis Small rolling grass 

Triumfetta rhomboidea var. rhomboidea 

Vernonia poskeana subsp. botswanica 

Vigna vexillata 


Ximenia americana var. microphylla Blue sourplum 

Ximenia caffra var. caffra Sourplum 

Ziziphus mucronata♥ Buffalo thorn 

Zornia linearis 


7. FINDINGS AND POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS 

The vegetation along the Phase 1 route, outside the pipe reserve has a high 

conservation priority. Land use is aimed mainly on game farming which is not a 

degrading practice. Most of the areas adjacent to the pipeline zone are primary 

natural vegetation; consequently ample connectivity with natural vegetation exists. 

Protected trees occurring in the study area are Acacia erioloba, Boscia albitrunca, 

Combretum imberbe and Sclerocarya birrea subsp. africana. These species may not 

be harmed in any way or, if this is unavoidable, the necessary permit must be 

obtained from the Department of Forestry to remove some of the mentioned trees. 


8. RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASSURES 

• An Ecological Management Plan (to be included in the Environmental 

Management Plan (EMP) must be developed for the construction and 

operational phase of the development and should: 

o include an ongoing monitoring and eradication programme for all nonindigenous 

species, with specific emphasis on invasive and weedy 

species 

o ensure the persistence of all Red and Orange List species 

o minimize artificial edge effects (e.g. water runoff from developed areas 

and application of chemicals) 

o result in a report back to the Directorate of Nature Conservation on an 

annual basis. 

• Where possible, trees naturally growing on the site should be retained as part 

of the landscaping, with specific emphasis on the following species: Acacia 

erioloba, Boscia albitrunca, Combretum imberbe, Sclerocarya birrea subsp. 

caffra. Measures to ensure that these trees survive the physical disturbance 

from the development should be implemented. A tree surgeon should be 

consulted in this regard. A qualified botanist must mark trees when the route 

is pegged and permits obtained from DWAF before any protected trees are 

removed. 

• The crossing of natural drainage systems should be minimized and only 

constructed at the shortest possible route, perpendicular to the natural 

drainage system. Where possible, bridge crossings should span the entire 

stretch of the buffer zone. 

Pipelines 

• The appropriate agency should implement an ongoing monitoring and 

eradication program for all invasive and weedy plant species growing within 

the servitude. 

• Rehabilitation of natural vegetation should proceed in accordance with a 

rehabilitation plan compiled by a specialist registered in terms of the Natural 

Scientific Professions Act (No. 27 of 2003) in the field of Ecological Science. 

• Any post-development re-vegetation should use species indigenous to South 

Africa. Plant species locally indigenous to the area are preferred. As far as 

possible, indigenous plants naturally growing along the route, but would 

otherwise be destroyed during construction, should be used for re-vegetation. 

• Where a pipeline is to traverse a wetland, measures are required to ensure 

that the pipeline has minimal effect on the flow of water through the wetland, 

e.g. by using a high level clear span bridge or box culverts rather than pipes. 

• Disturbance to any wetlands during construction should be minimized. A plan 

for the immediate rehabilitation of damage caused to wetlands should be 

compiled by a specialist registered in accordance with the Natural Scientific 

Professions Act (No. 27 of 2003) in the field of Ecological Science. This 

rehabilitation plan should form part of the EMP and a record book should be 

maintained on site to monitor and report on the implementation of the plan. 


9. CONCLUSION 

The vegetation on the pipeline route is considered sensitive and precautions should 

be taken to inflict as little damage as possible during the construction phase. Spilling 

of oil and fuel, dumping of rubble and water pollution must be strictly monitored. All 

Category 1 Declared weeds must be eradicated and protected trees should be left 

intact as far as possible. 

10. REFERENCES 

Bromilow, C. 2001. Problem plants of South Africa. Briza, Pretoria. 

Germishuizen, G., Meyer, N.L., Steenkamp, Y., & Keith, M. 2006. A checklist of 

South African plants. SABONET report no. 41, Pretoria. 

Golding, J.S.(ed.). 2002. Southern African plant red data lists. NBI, Pretoria. 

Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. ARC, Pretoria. 

Low, A.B. & Rebelo, G. 1996. Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. 

Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. 

Mucina,L. & Rutherford, C. (eds.). 2006. The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and 

Swaziland. South African Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. 

Pfab, M.F. & Victor. J.E. 2002. Threatened plants of Gauteng, South Africa. South 

African Journal of Botany 68: 370-375. 

Van Oudshoorn, F. 2002. Guide to grasses of southern Africa. Briza Publications, 

Pretoria. 

Van Wyk B-E, van oudshoorn b & gericke n 2002. Medicinal plants of South Africa. 

Briza Publications, Pretoria. 

Van Wyk, B. & Malan, S. 1988. Field guide to the wild flowers of the Witwatersrand 

and Pretoria region. Struik, Cape Town. 

Van Wyk, B-E & Wink, M.2004. Medicinal plants of the world. An illustrated guide to 

important medicinal plants and their uses. Briza Publications, Pretoria. 


ANNEXURE A: VEGETATION MAP OF THE STUDY ROUTE 


ANNEXURE B: PLANT SPECIES RECORDED ON PROPOSED 

PHASE 1 PIPELINE ROUTE 

ACANTHACEAE 

Blepharis integrifolia 


AMARANTHACEAE 

Achyranthes aspera 

Gomphrena celosioides 

Hermbstaedtia odorata 


Pupalia lappacea 

AMARYLLIDACEAE 

Ammocharis coranica 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Lannea discolor 

Ozoroa paniculosa 

Sclerocarya birrea 

ANNONACEAE 

Hexalobus monopetalus 

APOCYNACEAE 

Carissa bispinosa 

Diplorhynchus condylocarpon 

Gomphocarpus fruticosus 

Sarcostemma viminale 

ASTERACEAE 

Dicoma tomentosa 

Vernonia poskeana 

BURSERACEAE 

Commiphora angolensis 

Commiphora mollis 

Commiphora pyracanthoides 

CACTACEAE 

Cereus jamacaru 

CAESALPINIACEAE 

Bauhinia petersiana 

Burkea africana 

Chamaecrista capensis 

Peltophorum africanum 

Schotia brachypetala 

Tylosema esculentum 

CAPPARACEAE 

Boscia albitrunca 

Boscia foetida 

Maerua angolensis 

CELASTRACEAE 

Gymnosporia buxifolia 

Gymnosporia tenuispina 

COMBRETACEAE 

Combretum apiculatum 

Combretum hereroense 

Combretum imberbe 

Combretum molle 

Combretum zeyheri 

Terminalia sericea 

COMMELINACEAE 

Commelina africana 

Commelina benghalensis 

CONVOLVULACEAE 

Evolvulus alsinoides 

Ipomoea magnusiana 

Ipomoea obscura 

Xenostegia tridentata 

CUCURBITACEAE 

Cucumis zeyheri 

CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus margaritaceus 

EBENACEAE 

Euclea natalensis 

Euclea undulata 

EHRETIACEAE 

Ehretia rigida 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Acalypha indica 

Croton gratissimus 

Euphorbia neopolycnemoides 

Spirostachys africana 



FABACEAE 

Crotalaria eremicola 

Indigofera daleoides 

Indigofera oxytropis 

Mundulea sericea 

Pterocarpus rotundifolius 


Tephrosia longipes 

Tephrosia rhodesica 

Vigna vexillata 


Zornia linearis 

GERANIACEAE 

Monsonia angustifolia 

KIRKIACEAE 

Kirkia acuminata 

LAMIACEAE 

Clerodendendrum ternatum 

Ocimum americanum 

LILIACEAE 

Aloe chabaudii 

Aloe marlothii 

Asparagus sp. 

LIMEACEAE 

Limeum sp. 

MALVACEAE 

Hibiscus cannabinus 

Hibiscus trionum 

Melhania burchellii 


Sida alba 

Sida cordifolia 

Sida dregei 

MIMOSACEAE 

Acacia burkei 

Acacia caffra 

Acacia erioloba 

Acacia erubescens 

Acacia karroo 

Acacia mellifera 

Acacia nigrescens 

Acacia nilotica 

Acacia robusta 

Acacia senegal var. rostrata 

Acacia tortilis 

Albizia anthelmintica 

Albizia brevifolia 

Albizia harvei 

Albizia tanganyicensis 

Dichrostachys cinerea 

Elephantorrhiza elephantina 

MORACEAE 

Ficus abutilifolia 

OCHNACEAE 

Ochna inermis 

OLACACEAE 

Ximenia americana 

Ximenia caffra 

PEDALIACEAE 

Dicerocaryum eriocarpum 

Harpagophytum zeyheri 

PHYLLANTACEAE 

Bridelia mollis 

Flueggea virosa 

Phyllanthus parvulus 

Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia 

POACEAE 

Aristida adscensionis 

Aristida congesta subsp. barbicollis 

Aristida congesta subsp. congesta 

Aristida diffusa 

Aristida stipitata 

Bothriochloa insculpta 

Brachiaria nigropedata 

Cenchrus ciliaris 

Chloris virgata 

Chrysopogon serrulatus 

Digitaria eriantha 

Diheteropogon amplectens 

Enneapogon cenchroides 

Eragrostis aspera 

Eragrostis gummiflua 

Eragrostis pallens 

Eragrostis rigidior 

Eragrostis superba 

Eragrostis trichophora 

Heteropogon contortus 

Heteropogon melanocarpus 

Melinis repens 

Panicum maximum 

Perotis patens 

Pogonarthria squarrosa 

Schmidtia pappophoroides 


Stipagrostis uniplumis 

Tragus berteronianus 

Tricholaena monachne 


Trichoneura grandiglumis 

Urochloa mosambicensis 

PORTULACACEAE 


Portulaca quadrifida 

PTERIDACEAE 

Pellaea calomelanos 

RHAMNACEAE 

Ziziphus mucronata 

RUBIACEAE 

Gardenia volkensii 

Pavetta lanceolata 

Spermacoce senensis 

SAPINDACEAE 

Pappea capensis 

SAPOTACEAE 

Englerophytum magalismontanum 

Mimusops zeyheri 

SOLANACEAE 

Solanum panduriforme 

Solanum tettense 

STERCULIACEAE 

Dombeya rotundifolia 

Hermannia grisea 

Sterculia rogersii 


STRYCHNACEAE 

Strychnos madagascariensis 

TILIACEAE 

Corchorus kirkii 

Corchorus longipendunculatus 

Grewia bicolor 

Grewia flava 

Grewia flavescens 

Grewia monticola 

Triumphetta rhomboidea 

VERBENACEAE 

Lantana rugosa 

VITACEAE 

Rhoicissus revoilii

Fauna and Flora Specialists - DWA Home Page

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