264.0000
Family
Rhamnaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 376 (1789), nom. cons.
72 genera, ca. 1150 spp. Phylogeny: Hauenschild et al. 2016, Wang et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 1193; hybrids: 27
= Frangulaceae DC.; Lam. & DC., Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4(2): 619 (1805)
= Gouaniaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 73 (1837)
= Phylicaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 186 (1858)
= Ziziphaceae Adans.; T. E. von Post & C. E. Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan.: 665, 714 (1903)
264.0902
Genus
Ziziphus Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. (1754)
Distribution: tropics and subtropics; 1 from Southeast Europe to China; 28 Caucasus and Middle Asia. The Ziziphus-pubescens-group belongs into another genus near Bathiorhamnus, but recombinations are not yet available.
Species listed in database: 66
= Decorima Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 31 (1838)
= Mansana J.F.Gmel.; Syst. 580 (1791)
species :
Ziziphus abyssinica
Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 136 (1847)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; São Tomé; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
22 BEN BKN GHA GUI NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN SAO ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus atacorensis A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appliq. 27: 479 (1947)
= Ziziphus atacorensis var. oblongifolia A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 479 (1947)
= Ziziphus baguirmiae A.Chev.; Etudes Fl. Afr. Centr. Franc. 1: 59 (1913), nomen subnud.
= Ziziphus jujuba f. obliquifolia Engl.; Abh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Phys.-Math. Cl. 1891: 294 (1892)
= Ziziphus jujuba var. abyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Fiori; Boschi Piante Legnose dell´Eritrea: 234 (1912)
= Ziziphus jujuba var. nemoralis Sim; Forest Fl. Port. E. Afr.: 35 (1909)
= Ziziphus jujuba var. obliquifolia Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 351 (1901), nom. illeg.
= Ziziphus mauritiana var. abyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Fiori; Boschi Piante Legnose dell´Eritrea: 234 (1912)
species :
Ziziphus affinis
Hemsl.; Hook. Icon. pl. 16: t. 1544 (1886)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Perak); Borneo
42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus macrophylla Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 494 (1931), non Schimp. (1874)
= Ziziphus ridleyana Rasingam & Karthig.; Phytotaxa 454(1): 71 (2020), nom. nov. for Z. macrophylla Ridl. 1931
species :
Ziziphus andamanica
Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 89 (1990), nom. nov.
Distribution: India (Assam); Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars)
40 IND 41 AND NCB
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus glabra King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 65: 376 (1897) (non Roxb., 1824)
species :
Ziziphus angustifolia
(Miq.) Hatus. ex Steenis; Nova Guinea, Bot., no. 3, 13 (1960)
Distribution: Myanmar; peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Perak, Pahang); Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Masbate, Biliran, Samar, Leyte, Mindanao); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.
41 MYA THA 42 BOR BRN LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM 43 SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Solenostigma angustifolium Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 412 (1861)
= Ziziphus forbesii Baker f. [J.Bot.61: Suppl.10 (1923)]
= Ziziphus grewioides (Warb.) L.M.Perry; Blumea 7: 595 (1954)
= Ziziphus inermis Merr.; Philipp. Gov. Lab. Bur. Bull. 35: 37 (1906)
species :
Ziziphus apetala
Hook.f. ex M.A.Lawson; Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 635 (1875)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh
40 BAN BHU IND NEP
species :
Ziziphus attopensis
Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 4: 316 (1894)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan, W-Guangxi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus trichocarpa Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatsen. 41 (1959)
= Ziziphus attoensis "Pierre" ex Weberb.; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. fam. 3: 5: 402 (1895), sphalm.
species :
Ziziphus bhandarii
Gholave & S.P.Gaikwad; Syst. Bot. 48(4): 540 (2023)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Ziziphus bhansalii
Gholave & S.P.Gaikwad; Syst. Bot. 48(4): 541 (2023)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Ziziphus borneensis
Merr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 178 (1929)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ziziphus brunoniana
C.B.Clarke ex Brandis; Indian Trees, 170 (1906)
Distribution: India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Myanmar (Kayin, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia
40 BAN IND 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus oenopolia var. brunoniana (C.B.Clarke ex Brandis) Tardieu; Fl. Indo-Chine, Suppl. 1(7): 829 (1928)
species :
Ziziphus budhensis
Bhattarai & M.L.Pathak; Indian J. Pl. Sci. [Jaipur] 4(2): 73 (2015)
Distribution: Nepal
40 NEP
species :
Ziziphus calophylla
Wall.; Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 366 (1824)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Singapore; Sumatra (incl. Bangka Isl.); Borneo
41 CBD THA VIE 42 BOR MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Berchemia calophylla Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Syst. 2: 28 (1832)
= Ziziphus ornata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 642 (1856)
species :
Ziziphus cambodiana
Pierre; Fl. For. Cochinch. Fasc. 20 (1894) t. 315a.
Distribution: Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; S-Vietnam
41 CBD LAO THA VIE
species :
Ziziphus crebrivenosa
C.B.Rob.; Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 201 (1908)
Distribution: Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Samar, Mindanao)
42 BOR PHI SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus lenticellata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 532 (1922)
species :
Ziziphus cumingiana
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1: Suppl. 206 (1906)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah); Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Alabat, Mindoro, Leyte, Samar, Mindanao)
42 BOR PHI PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus bulusanensis Elmer ex Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 2: 522 (1923), pro syn.
variant :
var. pilosa
Merr.; Engl. & Prantl., F. P. 2: 522 (1923)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro)
42 PHI
species :
Ziziphus djamuensis
Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 330 (1922)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ziziphus elegans
Wall.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2: 366 (1824)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Melaka); Singapore
42 MLY SNG
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
species :
Ziziphus fungii
Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 13(1): 61-62 (1934), et ex Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 63 (1958), descr. ampl.
Distribution: China (Hainan, S-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ziziphus funiculosa
Buch.-Ham. ex M.A.Lawson; Fl. Brit. India 1: 636 (1875)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Philippines
40 BAN IND 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus venulosa Wall.; Numer. List no. 4235 (1831), nomen
species :
Ziziphus glabrata
(B.Heyne ex Schult.) B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.: 162 (1834)
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind); India (Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.
40 BAN IND PAK 41 AND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus roxburghii F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 9: 312 (1838)
= Ziziphus sororia var. glabrata B.Heyne ex Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 5: 337 (1819)
= Ziziphus trinervia Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 354 (1824), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 3: 606 (1832)
= Ziziphus trinervia var. glabrata (B.Heyne ex Schult.) Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 159 (1821)
species :
Ziziphus globularis
Wall.; Numer. List no. 4248 (1831)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Ziziphus hajarensis
Duling, Ghaz. & H.D.V.Prendergast; Kew Bull. 53(3): 733 (1998)
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
species :
Ziziphus hamur
Engl.; Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 19 (1897)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; NE-Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
species :
Ziziphus havilandii
Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 495 (1931)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus borneensis var. kinabalui Suess.
species :
Ziziphus hoaensis
Pierre; Fl. For. Cochinch, t. 315 (1894)
Distribution: S-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Ziziphus horrida
Roth; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 5: 341 (1819)
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind); India (Maharashtra)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus bhunder Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 168 (1835), nomen
species :
Ziziphus horsfieldii
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: I. 643 (1856)
Distribution: Borneo; Palawan
42 BOR PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus palawanensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1828 (1913)
species :
Ziziphus hutchinsonii
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 4: 288 (1909)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Ziziphus incurva
Roxb.; Fl. Ind., ed. 1820 2: 364-365 (1824)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, S-Guizhou, Guangxi); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Assam, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Paliurus virgatus D.Don; Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2535 (1824)
= Ziziphus paniculata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 190 (1825), nomen
= Ziziphus virgata (D.Don) D.Dietr.; Syn. Plant. 1: 810 (1839)
= Ziziphus yunnanensis C.K.Schneid.; Pl. Wils. 2(1): 212-213 (1914)
species :
Ziziphus javanensis
Blume; Cat. Gew. Buitenz. 58 (1823), et Bijdr. 1142 (1826-1827)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
species :
Ziziphus jujuba
Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8, 1 (1768) [non Lam. 1789]
Name: Common jujube (EN); Indische Dattel (DE)
Distribution: France [I]; Monaco [c]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Malta [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; former Yugoslavia [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Libya [I]; Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Sal Isl. [I], Ilha da Boa Vista [I], Ilha de Maio [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Comores [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Seychelles [I]; Agalega Isl. [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia [I], N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, NE-Iraq [I]); Iran (E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan [I]); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan Herat, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Parwan); Cyprus (S-Cyprus, E-Cyprus [I]); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Kurram, Dir, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Rawalpindi); Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir); Maldives; Myanmar; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Philippines [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Moluccas [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Queensland [I]); Fiji [I]; Guam [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Texas [I], Utah [I]); Mexico [I] (Campeche [I]); Belize [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Colombia [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]
12 fra mco sar 13 alb bul cro grc ita mlt nma rom sic slv 20 alg lby mor 21 cvi 29 aga com mau reu rod sey 32 kaz KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO ncs 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI 38 jap kor tai 40 IND MDV NEP PAK 41 CBD LAO MYA VIE 42 lsi mol phi 50 aus 60 fij 62 gum 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz nic pan 81 cub his jam 82 clm frg guy sur
Synonyms: hidden
= Girtanneria jujuba (Mill.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. 2: 121 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Jububa mediterranea Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 376 (1897)
= Mansana arborea J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis].: 580 (1791)
= Paliurus lucidus Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 37: 380 (1866)
= Rhamnus circumcissa Russell ex Wall.; Numer. List no. 4245 C (1831), nomen
= Rhamnus lucida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 139 (1796)
= Rhamnus mauritiana Soy.-Will.; Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 20 (1796)
= Rhamnus soporifera Lour.; Fl. Cochinch.: 158 (1790)
= Rhamnus vulgaris Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 240 (1805)
= Rhamnus zizyphus L.; Sp. Pl.: 194 (1753)
= Ziziphus chinensis Lam. ex Prenger; Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Spreng.] 1: 770 (1824)
= Ziziphus flexuosa Wall.; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 365 (1824)
= Ziziphus jujuba f. allochroa C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 7 (1994)
= Ziziphus jujuba f. apyrena C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 8 (1994)
= Ziziphus jujuba f. carnosicalycis C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 8 (1994)
= Ziziphus jujuba f. heteroformis C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 8 (1994)
= Ziziphus jujuba f. lageniformis (Nakai) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 313 (1939)
= Ziziphus jujuba f. tortuosa C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 7 (1994)
= Ziziphus lucidus Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 139 (1796)
= Ziziphus melanogona Bojer; Hortus Maurit.: 69 (1837)
= Ziziphus natsme Siebold; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 12: 48 (1830), nomen
= Ziziphus nitida Roxb.; Fl. Ind. 2: 358 (1824)
= Ziziphus officinarum Medik.; Bot. Beob. 1782: 333 (1783)
= Ziziphus sativa Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 202 (1788)
= Ziziphus sativa var. lageniformis Nakai; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 1: 8 (1934)
= Ziziphus sinensis Lam.; Encycl. (Lam.) 3: 316 (1789)
= Ziziphus soporifera (Lour.) Duhamel; Traité Arbr. Arbust., nouv. éd. 3: 56 (1806)
= Ziziphus sororia Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 5: 337 (1819)
= Ziziphus trinervia Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 168 (1821), nom. superfl.
= Ziziphus vulgaris Lam.; Encycl. [Lam.] 3: 316 (1789)
= Ziziphus vulgaris var. macrocarpa Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 54 (1826)
= Ziziphus vulgaris var. oblonga Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 54 (1826)
= Ziziphus vulgaris var. praecox Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 54 (1826)
= Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten]: 870 (1882) nom. rej. prop.
= Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) Meikle; Fl. Cyprus 1: 358, 806 (1977), nom. rej. prop.
= Zizyphon jujubum (Mill.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880)
variant :
var. inermis
(Bunge) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 3(4): 220 (1922)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus sativa var. inermis (Bunge) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 261 (1909)
= Ziziphus vulgaris var. inermis Bunge; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 88 (1833)
variant :
var. spinosa
(Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow; Fan. Trees Hopei 307, f. 118 (1934)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang); South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus acidojujuba C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 3 (1994)
= Ziziphus acidojujuba f. granulata C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 5 (1994)
= Ziziphus acidojujuba f. infecunda C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 5 (1994)
= Ziziphus acidojujuba f. trachysperma C.Y.Cheng & M.J.Liu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 5 (1994)
= Ziziphus jujuba subsp. spinosa (Bunge) J.Y.Peng, X.Y.Li & L.Li; Agric. Sci. China 9: 1278 (2010)
= Ziziphus sativa var. spinosa (Bunge) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 261 (1909)
= Ziziphus spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex Chen; Ill. Manual Chin. Trees & Shrubs 750 (1937), not St.-Lag. (1880)
= Ziziphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge; Mem. Savantes Etranges Acad. Petersbourg 2: 88 (1833)
species :
Ziziphus kunstleri
King; J. As. Soc. Beng. 65: 373 (1897)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Borneo
41 THA 42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus cupularis Suess. & Overkott; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 330 (1941)
species :
Ziziphus laui
Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 14(1): 32-33 (1935)
Distribution: China (Hainan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
species :
Ziziphus leucodermis
(Baker) O.Schwartz; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 152 (1939)
Distribution: Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut); Yemen (Inner Hadhramaut)
35 OMA YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus leucodermis Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 316 (1896)
species :
Ziziphus linnaei
M.A.Lawson; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 635 (1874)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Girtanneria napeca (L.) Neck.; Elem. 2: 121 (1790), sphalm. nopeca
= Rhamnus napeca L.; Sp. Pl. 194 (1753)
= Ziziphus lucida Moon; Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 17 (1824), nomen, Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 74 (1858)
= Ziziphus napeca (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl. 1: 1104 (1798)
= Ziziphus napeca var. lucida Trimen; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 1: 281 (1893)
species :
Ziziphus lotus
(L.) Lam.; Encycl. 3: 317 (1789)
subspecies :
subsp. lotus
Name: Zickzackdorn
Distribution: SE-Spain; Sicily; Greece; Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Mauritania; Mali; Burkina Faso; Niger; Turkey (S-Anatolia); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, SE-Cyprus); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen)
12 SPA 13 GRC SIC 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 22 BKN MLI MTN NGR 34 CYP IRN ISR JOR SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus lotus L.; Sp. Pl.: 194 (1753)
= Ziziphus lotoidea St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 137 (1880), orth. var.
= Ziziphus sylvestris Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 2 (1768)
subspecies :
subsp. saharae
(Batt. & Trab.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 179 (1929)
Distribution: Morocco; S-Algeria; Mauritania
20 ALG MOR 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus saharae Batt. &Trab.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53, Session Extr.: 26 (1907)
= Ziziphus nummularia var. saharae (Batt. & Trab.) A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 474 (1947)
species :
Ziziphus mauritiana
Lam.; Encycl. 3(1): 319 (1789)
Name: Indian jujube; Guinda, Llunlluvina, Yuyube
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Burkina Faso; Togo; Benin; São Tomé [I]; Central African Republic; Chad (incl. Tibesti); Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Madagascar [I]; Iran [I]; Afghanistan [c]; China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; Bhutan; India (throughout, Jammu & Kashmir); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andamans, South Andamans); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); USA [I] (California [I], Florida [I]); Mexico [I] (Campeche [I], Yucatan [I], Quintana Roo [I]); Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I]); Anguilla [I]; St. Martin/St. Maarten [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; Antigua [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I] (incl. La Désirade [I]); Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Grenada [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Brazil [I]
20 ALG MOR 22 BEN BKN GAM GNB GUI MTN SEN TOG 23 CAF sao 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 26 moz zam zim 29 mdg 34 afg irn 36 CHI 38 tai 40 BAN BHU IND LDV NEP PAK SRL 41 AND LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY NWG 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos els gua hon nic pan 81 aba agu bah bbd cay cub dom gdl gre his jam mar mts pue sba stl stm trt vir 82 clm ven 84 bra
Synonyms: hidden
= Paliurus mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(341-345): 535 (1913)
= Rhamnus jujuba L.; Sp. Pl. 197 (1753)
= Sarcomphalus mauritianus (Lam.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur.: 29 (1838)
= Ziziphus hysundrica (Edgew.) Hole; Indian Forester 44: 505 (1918)
= Ziziphus insularis C.Sm.; Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 250 (1818), nomen
= Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 203 (1788)
= Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Lam.; Encycl. 3(1): 318-319 (1789) (non Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: Ziziphus n 1 (1768))
= Ziziphus jujuba var. hysundrica Edgew.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 201 (1863)
= Ziziphus jujuba var. stenocarpa Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 121 (1891)
= Ziziphus macrocarpa W.P.Fang ex Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 48(1): 136 (1982)
= Ziziphus mairei (H.Lév.) Browicz & Lauener; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 27: 281 (1967), nom. illeg.
= Ziziphus mauritiana subsp. orthacantha (DC.) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 32: 576 (1952)
= Ziziphus mauritiana var. deserticola A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 477 (1947)
= Ziziphus mauritiana var. hysundrica (Edgew.) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 1: 255 (1996)
= Ziziphus mauritiana var. muratiana (Maire) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 32: 574-577 (1952)
= Ziziphus mauritiana var. orthacantha (DC.) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 477 (1947)
= Ziziphus muratiana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 30: 337 (1939 publ. 1940)
= Ziziphus orthacantha DC.; Prodr. 2: 21 (1825)
= Ziziphus poiretii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 26 (1832), nom. superfl.
= Ziziphus rotundata DC.; Prodr. 2: 21 (1825)
= Ziziphus tomentosa Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 3: 192 (1813)
variant :
var. fruticosa
(Haines) Sebastine & A.N.Henry; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 57 (1961)
Distribution: Pakistan (Rawalpindi, Hazara); India (Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus jujuba var. fruticosa Haines; For. Fl. Chota Nagpur 270 (1910)
= Ziziphus mauritiana var. fruticosa (Haines) Raizada & H.O.Saxena; Indian For. 92: 326 (1966) (isonym)
= Ziziphus mauritiana var. fruticosa (Haines) R.R.Stewart; Annot. Cat. Vasc. Pl. W. Pakistan & Kashmir: 46 (1972), et in Kew Bull. 29(2): 444 (1974) (isonym)
variant :
var. pedunculata
Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 101 (1990)
Distribution: India (Bihar, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh)
40 IND
variant :
var. pubescens
Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 102 (1990)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
variant :
var. spontanea
(Edgew.) R.R.Stewart ex Qaiser & Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan, 140: 11 (1981)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus jujuba var. spontanea Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 44 (1846)
= Ziziphus mauritiana var. spontanea (Edgew.) R.R.Stewart; Annot. Cat. Vrsc. Pl. W. Pakistan & Kashmir: 469 (1972)
species :
Ziziphus montana
W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10(46): 78 (1917)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
species :
Ziziphus mucronata
Willd.; Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. 251 (1809)
subspecies :
subsp. mucronata
Name: Buffalo-thorn
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; ?Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Niger; ?Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; NE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Yemen (W-Yemen)
22 BEN BKN GAM IVO MLI MTN NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 MDG 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus adelensis Delile; Rochet, Sec. Voy. Choa 341 (1846)
= Ziziphus baclei DC.; Prod. 2: 20 (1825)
= Ziziphus bubalina Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. 5: 334 (1819)
= Ziziphus madecassa H.Perrier; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 17 (1943)
= Ziziphus mitis A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 137 (1847)
= Ziziphus mucronata f. obliqua Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 39 (1898)
= Ziziphus mucronata f. pubescens (Sond.) Chiov.; Fl. Somala 1: 127 (1929)
= Ziziphus mucronata f. subcordata Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 39 (1898)
= Ziziphus mucronata var. glabrata Sond.; Harv. et al., Fl. Cap. 1: 476 (1860)
= Ziziphus mucronata var. glauca Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 29: 195 (1903)
= Ziziphus mucronata var. inermis Engl.; Engl. & Drude, Veg. Erde 9(III 2): 307 (1921)
= Ziziphus mucronata var. pubescens Sond.; Harv. et al., Fl. Cap. 1: 476 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. rhodesica
R.B.Drumm.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 39: 57 (1965)
Name: Hairy Buffalo-thorn
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana
26 MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM
species :
Ziziphus naikii
Gholave & S.P.Gaikwad; Syst. Bot. 48(4): 541 (2023)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Ziziphus nummularia
(Burm.f.) Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 162 (1834)
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kabul, Laghman, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); Israel (Rift Valley); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir, Nejd Desert); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia); Kuwait; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Hazara); Nepal; India (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Andaman Isl.; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)
34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR 35 KUW QAT SAU UAE 40 IND NEP PAK 41 AND CBD LAO VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus microphylla Roxb.; Fl. Ind. 1: 613 (1820), nom. illeg.
= Rhamnus nummularia Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. 61 (1768)
= Ziziphus microphylla Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 362 (1824), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 613 (1832)
= Ziziphus nummularia DC.; Prod. 2: 21 (1825), Wight & Arn. Prod. 162
= Ziziphus rotundifolia Lam.; Encycl. 3: 319 (1789)
variant :
var. glabrescens
Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 103 (1990)
Distribution: India (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Ziziphus oenopolia
(L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Ziziphus 3 (1768) ("oenoplia")
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan, Guangxi); Nepal; India (Assam, Gujarat, Kerala, Rajastan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andamans, South Andamans); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); +Singapore; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY NWG SNG SUL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Girtanneria oenopolia (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. 2: 121 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Hovenia inaequalis DC.; Prodr. 2: 40 (1825) (Synonymy fide Nesom 2023)
= Rhamnus oenopolia L.; Sp. Pl.: 194 (1753)
= Ziziphus albens Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 355 (1824), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 607 (1832)
= Ziziphus celtidifolia DC.; Prod. 2: 20 (1825)
= Ziziphus ferruginea B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List no. 4246 B (1831), nomen
= Ziziphus latifolia Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. 2.: 121 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Ziziphus lotus Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. II. 121 (1845)
= Ziziphus napeca Roxb.; Fl. Ind. 1: 612 (1820), non Willd.
= Ziziphus oenopolia var. fasciculata Bhandari & Bhansali; M. P. Nayar & al., Fasc. Fl. India 20: 105 (1990)
= Ziziphus oenopolia var. pallens Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 106 (1990)
= Ziziphus oenopolia var. pedicellaris Bhandari & Bhansali; M. P. Nayar & al., Fasc. Fl. India 20: 107 (1990)
= Ziziphus pallens Wall.; Numer. List no. 4247 (1831)
= Ziziphus pedicellala Wall.; Numer. List no. 4243 (1831)
= Ziziphus rufula Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: I. 643 (1856)
= Ziziphus scandens Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), et in Wall. Cat. n. 7269 (1832)
species :
Ziziphus oligantha
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 338 (1939)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ziziphus otanesii
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. Bot. 10: 40 (1915)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ziziphus oxyphylla
Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 43 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Baluchistan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Rawalpindi, Jhelum); Nepal; NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh)
34 AFG IRN 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus acuminata Royle; Ill. B. Him. 168 (1835), nom, nud.
variant :
var. pedicellaris
Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 108 (1990)
Distribution: India (Uttar Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Ziziphus papuana
Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57: 329 (1922)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ziziphus pernettyoides
Ridl.; Fl. Mal. Penins. 1: 463 (1922), Ridl. in J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 293 (1922)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Perak, Selangor)
42 MLY
species :
Ziziphus poilanei
Tardieu; Not. Syst., ed. Humbert 12: 166 (1946)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Ziziphus pubescens
Oliv.; H. Johnst. Kilim. Exped, App. (1886) 339, nomen, et in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. 2: 330 (1887)
subspecies :
subsp. pubescens
Distribution: Cameroon; NE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus espinosa Büttner; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand 32: 48 (1890)
= Ziziphus jujuba var. scheffleri Engl.; Engl. & Drude, Veg. Erde 9(III 2): 305 (1921)
subspecies :
subsp. glabra
R.B.Drumm.; Bol. Soc. Brot. sér. 2, 39: 59 (1965)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Ziziphus pubinervis
Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 18(3): 218 (1937)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, W-Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Strychnos esquirolii H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 262 (1915)
species :
Ziziphus quadrilocularis
F.Muell.; Fragm. 3: 57 (1862)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Ziziphus rivularis
Codd; Bothalia 7: 31 (1958)
Name: False Buffalo-thorn
Distribution: S-Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
species :
Ziziphus robertsoniana
Beentje; Kew Bull. 51(1): 197 (1996)
Distribution: SE-Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Ziziphus rubiginosa
D.G.Long & Rae; Edinb. J. Bot. 47(3): 355 (1990), as ´Ziziphus´
Distribution: Bhutan; Myanmar (Kachin)
40 BHU 41 MYA
species :
Ziziphus rugosa
Lam.; Encycl. 3: 319 (1789)
Distribution: China (Hainan, S-Yunnan); Pakistan (Sind); Nepal; India (Aridhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (widespread); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Melaka); Singapore; Java
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY SNG
Conservation Status: endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus glabrata B.Heyne; Wall. Cat. n. 7479 (1832)
= Ziziphus buraea Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List no. 4240 G (1831)
= Ziziphus glabra Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 364 (1824), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 614 (1832)
= Ziziphus latifolia Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 355 (1824), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 607 (1832)
= Ziziphus obliqua Roth; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 5: 341 (1819)
= Ziziphus paniculata Roth; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 5: 341 (1819)
= Ziziphus roxburghiana Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calc. 146 (1845)
= Ziziphus rugosa var. glabra Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 109 (1990)
= Ziziphus tomentosa Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 360 (1824), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 611 (1832)
variant :
var. indoglabrescens
Karthik. & V.S.Kumar; Phytotaxa 475(4): 296 (2020), nom. nov.
Distribution: India (Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus rugosa var. glabrescens Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 110 (1990)
variant :
var. siamensis
Craib; Fl. Siam. 1(2): 299 (1926)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Ziziphus spina-christi
(L.) Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 201 (1798)
Distribution: Algeria [I]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [I]; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Soqotra; Kenya; South Africa [I]; Madagascar; Comores [I]; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Laghman, Nangarhar); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert, Hejaz); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); Mexico [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]
20 alg EGY lby tun 22 BEN BKN MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN 23 CAF CMN 24 CHA ERI ETH SOC SOM SUD 25 KEN 27 saf 29 com MDG 34 AFG CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 79 mex 81 aru bon cur
Synonyms: hidden
= Girtanneria spina-christi (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. 2: 121 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Rhamnus divaricata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 204 (1775)
= Rhamnus heterogenea Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. 61 (1768)
= Rhamnus napeca Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 204 (1775), nom. illeg.
= Rhamnus recta Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 204 (1775)
= Rhamnus spina-christi L.; Sp. Pl. 195 (1753)
= Ziziphus africana Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 4 (1768)
= Ziziphus amphibia A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 480 (1947)
= Ziziphus heterogenea Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 3: 193 (1813)
= Ziziphus iroensis A.Chev.; Etudes Fl. Afr. Centr. Franc. 1: 59 (1913), nomen
= Ziziphus napeca (Forssk.) Lam.; Encyc. 3: 320 (1789)
= Ziziphus sphaerocarpa Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 8: 119 (1857)
= Ziziphus spina-christi var. inermis DC.; Prodr. 2: 20 (1825)
= Ziziphus spina-christi var. longipes Engl.; Engl. & Drude, Veg. Erde 9(III 2): 307 (1921)
= Ziziphus spina-christi var. microphylla Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 136 (1847)
= Ziziphus spina-christi var. mitissima Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 139 (1932)
variant :
var. aucheri
(Boiss.) Qaiser & Nazim.; Fl. Pakistan, 140: 16 (1981)
Distribution: Iran; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Rawalpindi)
34 IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus aucheri Boiss.; Diagn. Ser. I. 2: 5 (1843)
species :
Ziziphus subquinquenervia
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 330 (1861)
Distribution: Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars); Sumatra
41 NCB 42 SUM
species :
Ziziphus suluensis
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 30: 408 (1926)
Distribution: Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines (Tawitawi)
42 BOR PHI SUM
species :
Ziziphus talanae
(Blanco) Merr.; Sp. Blancoanae, 244 (1918)
Distribution: Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao)
42 PHI PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus talanae Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. I. 170 (1837)
= Rhamnus zonulata Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. I. 172 (1837)
= Ziziphus zonulatus (Blanco) Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. II. 120 (1845)
species :
Ziziphus timoriensis
DC.; Prod. 2: 20 (1825)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor); Society Isl. (Tahiti)
42 LSI 61 SCI
species :
Ziziphus trinervis
(Cav.) Poir.; Encyc. Suppl. 3: 192 (1813)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Celtis ferruginea Walp.; Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19: Suppl. 1: 424 (1843)
= Decorima trinervis (Cav.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 31 (1838)
= Rhamnus trinervis Cav.; Ic. 6: 3 (1800)
= Ziziphus exserta DC.; Prod. 2: 21 (1825)
species :
Ziziphus truncata
Blatt. & Hallb.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 26: 234 (1918)
Distribution: NW-India (Rajasthan)
40 IND
species :
Ziziphus williamii
Bhandari & Bhansali; Fasc. Fl. India 20: 111 (1990)
Distribution: India (Gujarat, Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Ziziphus xiangchengensis
Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou; Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 88 (1979)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Ziziphus xylopyrus
(Retz.) Willd.; Sp. Pl. 1: 1104 (1789)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh
40 BAN IND NEP SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhamnus rotundifolia Pers.; Syn. 1: 240 (1805)
= Rhamnus xylopyrus Retz.; Obs. B. 2: 11 (1781)
= Ziziphus caracutta Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 361 (1824), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 612 (1832)
= Ziziphus cuneata Wall.; Numer. List no. 7268 (1831)
= Ziziphus elliptica Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 17 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 359 (1824), Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 1: 610 (1832)
= Ziziphus glaberrima (Sedgw.) Santapau; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51: 803 (1954)
= Ziziphus heterogenea Russell ex Wall.; Numer. List no. 4239 (1831), nomen
= Ziziphus orbicularis Roem. & Schult.; Syst. 5: 338 (1819)
= Ziziphus rotundifolia (Pers.) Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 160 (1821)
= Ziziphus ruminata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List no. 4236 (1831)
= Ziziphus xylopyrus var. glaberrima Sedgw.; Indian For. 45: 71 (1919)
= Ziziphus zonulata Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. 2.: 120 (1845)
species :
Ziziphus zeyheriana
Sond.; Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 1: 476 (1860)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State)
26 ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ziziphus helvola Sond.; Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 1: 476 (1860)
