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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

330.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5476; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac.: 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; M. Flinders, Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Reveal, Bot. Rev (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria toSyst. Pl.: 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég.: 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahreber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; V. V. D. d´Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 289 (1789), nom. cons., Family
330.8109 Genus Kosteletzkya J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 130 (1835), nom. cons.
Distribution: North, Central, and South America; S-Europe (1 Spain, Italy); Balearic Isl.; Corsica; tropical and South Africa; Malesia; 1 S-European part of Russia, Caucasus
Species listed in database: 20
= Pentagonocarpus Mich. ex Parl.; Fl. It. v 105 (1872)
= Polychlaena Garcke; Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 56 (1867), nom. illeg.
= Thorntonia Rchb.; Consp. 202 (1828) (nom. rej.)
species :
Kosteletzkya adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Mast.; Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 192 (1868)
Distribution: Gambia; W-Cameroon; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; ?Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Zanzibar; SW-Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Madagascar
22 GAM 23 CMN RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Alcea africana Lour.; Fl. Cochinch.: 421 (1790)
= Althaea africana (Lour.) Lam. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 467 (1831)
= Hibiscus adoensis Hochst.; Flora 24: I. Intell. 29 (1841)
= Hibiscus adoensis Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 54 (1847)
= Hibiscus katangensis De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 5: 33 (1915)
= Hibiscus terniflorus Garcke; Bot. Zeit. 7: 833 (1849)
= Kosteletzkya adoensis f. repens Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 31: 89 (1961)
= Kosteletzkya adoensis var. hirsuta Oliv.
= Kosteletzkya adoensis var. hispidissima Garcke; G. A. Schweinfurth, Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 56 (1867)
= Kosteletzkya hispida Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 98 (1883), nom. illeg.
= Pentagonocarpus adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus bakerianus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 73 (1891)
= Polychlaena adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Garcke; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 56 (1867)
species :
Kosteletzkya batacensis (Blanco) Fern.-Vill.; Blanco, Fl. Philipp. ed. III. Nov. App. 24 (1880)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus batacensis Blanco; Fl. Filip. ed. I. 544 (1837)
species :
Kosteletzkya begoniifolia (Ulbr.) Ulbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 684(1924)
Distribution: Cameroon; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia
23 CMN ZAI 24 ERI ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus begoniifolius Ulbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 182 (1917)
species :
Kosteletzkya blanchardii Fryxell; Phytologia 37(4): 292 (1977)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Kosteletzkya borkouana Quézel; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 48: 87 (1957)
Distribution: N-Chad (Mares de Bourkou)
24 CHA
species :
Kosteletzkya buettneri Gürke ex Büttner; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 31: 92 (1889)
Distribution: Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; SW-Chad; South Sudan; Uganda; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana
22 BKN GAM GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SIE 23 CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 CHA SSU 25 UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus liebrechtsianus De Wild. & T.Durand; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(1, Comp. Rend.): 22 (1899)
= Kosteletzkya augusti Hochr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61(Mém. 8e): 252 (1917)
= Kosteletzkya flava Baker f. ex Scott Elliot; J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 74 (1894)
species :
Kosteletzkya depressa (L.) O.J.Blanch., Fryxell & D.M.Bates; Gentes Herb. (Ithaca) 11(5): 357 (1978)
Name: White fenrose; Malva mulata (Cuba)
Distribution: USA (Florida, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Colombia (Bolívar, Córdoba, Magdalena); Ecuador; Peru
77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS JAM 82 CLM 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus cordatus (C.Presl) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 4: 829 (1847)
= Hibiscus hastatus Cav.; Diss. 3: 144 (1787), nom. illeg.
= Hibiscus hispidus (C.Presl) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 4: 829 (1847)
= Hibiscus pentaspermus Bertero ex DC.; Prod. 1: 447 (1824) (nom. illeg., non Nutt. 1822)
= Hibiscus preslii D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 4: 829 (1847)
= Hibiscus sagittatus (C.Presl) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 4: 829 (1847)
= Hibiscus tampicensis Moric.; Pl. Nouv. Am. 20. t. 14 (1830)
= Kosteletzkya asterocarpa Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31: I. 191 (1858)
= Kosteletzkya cordata C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 132 (1835)
= Kosteletzkya hastata C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 130 (1835)
= Kosteletzkya hispida C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 132 (1835)
= Kosteletzkya pentasperma (Bertero ex DC.) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 83 (1859)
= Kosteletzkya sagittata C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 131. t. 70 (1835)
= Kosteletzkya stellata Fernald; Coult. Bot. Gaz. 20: 532 (1895)
= Kosteletzkya tampicensis (Moric. ex Ser.) Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 319 (1905)
= Kosteletzkya violacea Rose; U. S. Dept. Agric. Contrib. Nat. Herb. 8: 319 (1905)
= Melochia depressa L.; Sp. Pl. 674 (1753)
= Melochia diffusa Bertero ex Colla; Hortus Ripul. [Colla] 88 (1824)
= Pavonia berteroi Spreng.; Syst. 3: 99 (1826)
= Pentagonocarpus cordatus (C.Presl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus cordatus (C.Presl) Parl.; Fl. Ital. (Parl.) 5(1): 106 (1873)
= Pentagonocarpus hastatus (C.Presl) Parl.; Fl. It. 5: 106 (1873)
= Pentagonocarpus hispidus (C.Presl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus hispidus (C.Presl) Parl.; Fl. It. 5: 106 (1873)
= Pentagonocarpus pentaspermus (Bertero ex DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus sagittatus (C.Presl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus sagittatus (C.Presl) Parl.; Fl. Ital. (Parl.) 5(1): 106 (1873)
= Riedlea depressa (L.) DC.; Prod. 1: 491 (1824)
= Sida carnea DC.; DC., Prodr. 1: 473 (1824)
= Sida mocinoana D.Dietr.; Syn. 4: 858 (1847)
= Visenia depressa (L.) Spreng.; Syst. 3: 30 (1825)
species :
Kosteletzkya diplocrater (Hochr.) Hochr.; Fl. Madag., Fam. 129, 100 (1955)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus diplocrater Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 78 (1917)
= Hibiscus diplocrater var. sinuatilobus Hochr.; Candollea 12: 167 (1949)
= Hibiscus pseudodiplocrater Hochr.; Candollea 2: 131 (1925)
= Kosteletzkya diplocrater var. sinuatiloba (Hochr.) Hochr.; Fl. Madagasc. 129: 102 (1955)
variant :
var. bathiei (Hochr.) Hochr.; Fl. Madagasc. 129: 102 (1955)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Kosteletzkya bathiei (Hochr.) Hochr.; Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord, Hors-ser. 2: (Trav. Bot. dedies a Rene-Maire) 157 (1949)
= Hibiscus bathiei Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 20: 75 (1917)
species :
Kosteletzkya flavicentrum Fryxell & S.D.Koch; Aliso 11(4): 549 (1987)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Sinaloa)
79 MEX
species :
Kosteletzkya grantii (Mast.) Garcke; Linnaea 38: 697 (1874) 43: 53 (1880 publ. 1882)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Burkina Faso; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Uganda; N-Angola
22 BKN GNB GUI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 SSU 25 UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus adenosiphon Ulbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 181 (1917)
= Hibiscus grantii Mast.; Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 203 (1868)
= Hibiscus vilhenae Cavaco; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 26: 639 (1954)
= Kosteletzkya adenosiphon (Ulbr.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 29(Suppl.): 571 (1959), in obs.
= Kosteletzkya chevalieri Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 22 (1906)
= Pentagonocarpus grantii (Mast.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus palmatus (C.Presl) Parl.; Fl. Ital. 5: 106 (1873)
species :
Kosteletzkya hispidula (Spreng.) Garcke; Eichl. Jahrb. 1: 223 (1881)
Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus hispidulus Spreng.; Syst. 3: 99 (1815)
= Kosteletzkya coulteri A.Gray; Pl. Wright. 1: 23 (1852)
= Kosteletzkya digitata A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 289 (1870)
= Pavonia hispida Spreng.; Syst. 3: 99 (1826)
= Pavonia parviflora Desf.; Tabl. École Bot. 221 (1804)
= Pavonia pilosa Willd.; Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willd.] 50 (1814)
= Pentagonocarpus coulteri (A.Gray) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus digitatus (A.Gray) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 73 (1891)
species :
Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 1: 437 (1842)
Name: Virginia saltmarsh mallow
Distribution: E-Spain; Baleares; Corsica; Italy; E-European Russia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (N-Iran); USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia); Cuba
12 BAL COR SPA 13 ITA 14 RUS 33 AZE 34 IRN 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 CUB
Remarks: American and European populations are indistinguishable
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus althaeifolius Shuttlew. ex A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 23 (1852), nom. inval.
= Hibiscus boscai Sennen ex Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. 28: 61 (1929)
= Hibiscus clypeatus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 177 (1788)
= Hibiscus pentacarpos L.; Sp. Pl.: 697 (1753)
= Hibiscus pentacarpos var. albiflorus Sacc. ex Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 165 (1926)
= Hibiscus pentaspermus Nutt.; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 5: 298 (1822)
= Hibiscus smilacifolius Shuttlew. ex A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 23 (1852), nom. inval.
= Hibiscus virginicus L.; Sp. Pl. 697 (1753)
= Kosteletzkya althaeifolia (Chapm.) A.Gray ex S.Watson; Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot. 1: 136 (1878)
= Kosteletzkya boscae Sennen; Cavanillesia 2: 13 (1929)
= Kosteletzkya pentacarpos var. albiflora (Sacc. ex Fiori) P.P.Ferrer & O.J.Blanch.; Novon 24(3): 244 (2015)
= Kosteletzkya pentacarpos var. smilacifolia (Chapm.) S.N.Alexander; Castanea 77(1): 115 (2012)
= Kosteletzkya smilacifolia (Chapm.) Chapm.; Fl. South. U. S., ed. 2. 610 (1883), isonym
= Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) C.Presl ex A.Gray.; Gen. Amer. Bor. 2: 80 (1849)
= Kosteletzkya virginica f. alba C.F.Reed; Castanea 16: 128 (1951)
= Kosteletzkya virginica var. althaeifolia Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S.: 57 (1860)
= Kosteletzkya virginica var. aquilonia Fernald; Rhodora 43: 607, tab. 688, figs. 3, 4 (1941)
= Kosteletzkya virginica var. smilacifolia Chapm.; Fl. South. U. S. 57 (1860)
= Malva abutiloides Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 454 (1813)
= Pavonia pentacarpos (L.) Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 4: 335 (1816)
= Pavonia veneta Spreng.; Syst. 3: 98 (1826), nom. superfl.
= Pavonia virginica (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Spreng.] 3: 98 (1826)
= Pentagonocarpus althaeifolius (Chapm.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus pentacarpos (L.) Rchb. ex Nyman; Consp. 127 (1878)
= Pentagonocarpus pentacarpus (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus virginicus (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 73 (1891)
= Pentagonocarpus virginicus (L.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. 5: 106 (1873)
= Pentagonocarpus zannichellii Parl.; Fl. Ital. (Parl.) 5(1): 106 (1873)
species :
Kosteletzkya racemosa Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 31: 88 (1961)
Distribution: S-D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Remarks: only known from the type collected in 1957
species :
Kosteletzkya ramosa Fryxell; Phytologia 37(4): 294 (1977)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Kosteletzkya reclinata Fryxell; Phytologia 37(4): 294 (1977)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Kosteletzkya rotundalata O.J.Blanch.; Phytotaxa 88(2): 31 (2013)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Kosteletzkya semota O.J.Blanch.; Novon 18(1): 6 (2008)
Distribution: Ghana; Benin; SW-Nigeria
22 BEN GHA NGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Kosteletzkya stellata Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 270 (1928), Hutch. & Dalziel in Kew Bull. 299 (1928), non Fernald (1895)
species :
Kosteletzkya thurberi A.Gray; Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 314 (1887)
Distribution: Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Guanajuato)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Kosteletzkya madrensis M.E.Jones; Contrib. Western Bot. 12: i (1908)
= Kosteletzkya malvaviscana Rose; U. S. Dept. Agric. Contrib. Nat. Herb. 8: 319 (1905)
species :
Kosteletzkya tubiflora (DC.) O.J.Blanch. & McVaugh; Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 11(5): 280 (1978)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Sonora, Yucatan, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus tubiflorus (Moc. & Sessé) ex DC.; Prod. 1: 447 (1824)
= Kosteletzkya hibiscifolia Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, Bot. Ser. 11: 168 (1936)
= Kosteletzkya paniculata Benth.; Pl. Hartw. 285 (1843)
= Pentagonocarpus paniculatus (Benth.) Parl.; Fl. It. 5: 106 (1873)
species :
Kosteletzkya wetarensis Borss.Waalk.; Blumea 14: 87 (1966)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Wetar)
42 LSI
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life