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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

404.0000 Family Molluginaceae Bartl.; Bartl. & H. L. Wendland, Beitr. Bot. 2: 158 (1825), nom. cons.
11 genera, ca. 95 spp. Revision see Thulin et al. (2016). Phylogeny: Sukhorukov et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 98
= Adenogrammaceae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 101 (1942)
= Adenogramminae K.Müll.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42(Beibl. 97): 93 (1908)
= Adenogrammoideae Sond.; W. H. Harvey & O. W. Sonder, Fl. Cap. 1: 122 (1860)
= Glinaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg.: 64 (1835)
= Pharnaceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 477 (1820)
= Polpodaceae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 102 (1942)
= Mollugineae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl.: 302 (1830)
= Mollugininae Fenzl ex Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen.: Tab. Diagn. 130, Comm. 95 (1838)
= Molluginoideae Lindl.; Veg. Kingd.: 498 (1846)
= Pharnaceinae Kitt.; A. Richard, Nouv. Elém. Bot., ed. 3, Germ. transl.: 913 (1840)
= Polpodeae Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 2: 300 (1839)
= Polpodoideae Sond.; W. H. Harvey & O. W. Sonder, Fl. Cap. 1: 121 (1860)
= Adenogrammeae Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 2: 274 (1839)
404.0011 Genus Glinus L.; Sp. Pl.: 463 (1763), Gen. Pl., ed. 5, 208 (1754)
Distribution: tropics and subtropics, mostly Africa. Revision: Sukhorukov et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 10
= Nemallosis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 34 (1837)
= Paulo-wilhelmia Hochst.; Flora 27: 17 (1844)
= Physa Thouars; Gen. Nov. Madag. 20 (1806)
= Plenckia Raf.; Specch. 1: 194 (1814)
= Rolofa Adans.; Fam. 2: 256 (1763)
= Sherardia Boehm.; Defin. Gen. Pl., ed. 3: 408 (1760), nom. illeg.
= Tryphera Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 549 (1826)
= Wycliffea Ewart & A.H.K.Petrie; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria n. s. 38: 167 (1926)
species :
Glinus bainesii (Oliv.) Pax; Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 3: 1b 40 (1889)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
26 MOZ ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Mollugo bainesii Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliv. et al.] 2: 590 (1871)
species :
Glinus hirtus (Thunb.) Sennikov & Sukhor.; PhytoKeys 173: 32 (2021)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; SW-Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; ?Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; SW-Central African Republic; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Chad; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (widespread); ?Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 CAB CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Glinus lotoides subsp. hirtus (Thunb.) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 2: 342 (1998)
= Mollugo hirta Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 24 (1794)
= Pharnaceum hirtum (Thunb.) Spreng.; Syst. 1: 949 (1824)
species :
Glinus lotoides L.; Sp. Pl.: 463 (1753)
Name: Graues Teppichkraut (DE); Lotus Sweetjuice (EN); Damascisa (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Crete; Moldova [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista); Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Central African Republic; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (Aden Desert, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Hainan, Yunnan); Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind, Karachi, Baluchistan, Pakistani Punjab, Lahore, etc.); India (Andhra Pradesh, Dadra, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagar Haveli, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Sumatra; Sulawesi (incl. Selayar); Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Sumba, Timor); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Kansas [I], Louisiana [I], Missouri [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I]); Argentina [I]
12 POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT NMA SIC TUE 14 mld 20 ALG EGY MOR TUN 21 CVI 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 BUR CAF ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 33 AZE 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 OMA SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN IND PAK SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI PHI SUL SUM 50 AUS 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Doosera esculenta Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 362 (1834)
= Glinus astrolasion Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea 15: 207 (1841), nom. inval.
= Glinus dahomensis A.Chev.; Fl. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 323 (1938)
= Glinus dictamnoides Burm.f.; Fl. Indica: 113 (1768)
= Glinus lotoides var. candidus Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1(2): 357 (1836)
= Glinus lotoides var. macrantha Pitot ex Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 84 (1972 publ. 1974)
= Glinus lotoides var. micrantha Pitot ex Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 84 (1972 publ. 1974)
= Glinus lotoides var. pedicellatus Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 95 (1926)
= Glinus lotoides var. virens Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 358 (1836)
= Glinus micranthus Boiss.; Diagn. Ser. I. 10: 11 (1846)
= Glinus ononoides Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 113, t. 36, f. 2 (1768)
= Glinus parviflorus Wall.; Numer. List no. 1519 (1829)
= Mollugo glinus A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 48 (1847) (nom. illeg. superfl.)
= Mollugo glinus var. dictamnoides (Burm.f.) Maire; Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 3: 89 (1933)
= Mollugo glinus var. lotoides (L.) Maire; Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 3: 89 (1933)
= Mollugo glinus var. virens (Fenzl) Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 590 (1871)
= Mollugo hirta var. lotoides (L.) C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 662 (1879)
= Mollugo hirta var. virens (Fenzl) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 416 (1898)
= Mollugo lotoides (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 247 (1882), isonym
= Mollugo lotoides (L.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India 2: 662. (1879)
= Mollugo lotoides (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 264 (1891), isonym
= Pharnaceum pentagonum Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 22 (1814)
= Tryphera prostrata Blume; Bijdr. 549 (1825)
species :
Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug.DC.; Bull. Berb. Boiss. Ser. II. 1: 559 (1901)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; ?Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; W-Chad; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); ?Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius [I]; Seychelles [I]; China (Hainan); Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind, Pakistani Punjab); India (Andhra Pradesh, Daman, Diu, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Pahang); Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria)
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI MTN NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BUR CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 CHA ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM mau MDG sey 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN IND PAK SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SCS SUL SUM 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Glinus denticulatus (Guill. & Perr.) Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 361 (1836)
= Glinus mollugo Fenzl; Ann. Wien. Mus. 1: 359 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Glinus mollugo var. natalensis Sond.; Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 1: 120 (1860)
= Glinus oppositifolius var. parviflorus Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 446 (1949)
= Glinus spergula (L.) Pax; Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 3: 1b 40 (1889), isonym
= Glinus spergula (L.) Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 1: 688 (1840)
= Mollugo denticulata Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 45 (1833)
= Mollugo erecta Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. 32 (1768)
= Mollugo glinoides A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 48 (1847), nom. illeg.
= Mollugo novo-hollandica F.Muell.; Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. 1: 14 (1855)
= Mollugo oppositifolia L.; Sp. Pl. 89 (1753)
= Mollugo parviflora Ser.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 1: 391 (1824)
= Mollugo serrulata Sond.; Linnaea. 23: 15 (1850)
= Mollugo spathulata Poepp. ex Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 359 (1838), nom. inval.
= Mollugo spergula L.; Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 881 (1759)
= Mollugo verticillata Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 9 (1814)
= Nemallosis erecta Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 34 (1837), nom. superfl.
= Nemallosis prostrata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 34 (1836)
= Pharnaceum denticulatum (Fenzl) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 2: 1014 (1840)
= Pharnaceum mollugo L.; Mant. 2: 561 (1771)
= Pharnaceum oppositifolium (L.) Spreng.; Syst. 1: 949 (1824)
= Pharnaceum parviflorum Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 186 (1821)
= Pharnaceum spergula (L.) Dillwyn; Rev. Hortus Malab.: 51 (1839)
= Physa madagascariensis DC.; Prodr. 1: 393 (1824)
= Wycliffea obovata Ewart & A.H.K.Petrie; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n. s. 38: 167 (1926)
variant :
var. glomeratus M.L.Goncalves; Consp. FL. Angol. 4: 317 (1970)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG ZAM
variant :
var. keenanii (C.B.Clarke) Sukhor.; PhytoKeys 173: 67 (2021)
Distribution: Benin; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Madagascar; Vietnam; Australia
22 BEN 23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 29 MDG 41 VIE 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Glinus herniarioides (Gagnep.) Tardieu; Fl. Cambodg., Laos & Vietn., Fasc. 5, 97 (1967)
= Glinus microphyllus Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 445 (1949)
= Glinus oppositifolius var. lanatus Hauman; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 446 (1949)
= Glinus spergula var. rotundifolia (Ewart & A.H.K.Petrie) Ewart & P.H.Jarrett; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n.s. 39: 157 (1926)
= Mollugo herniarioides Gagnep.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 367 (1914)
= Mollugo hirta var. keenanii C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 662 (1879)
= Wycliffea rotundifolia Ewart & A.H.K.Petrie; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n. s. 38: 169 (1926)
species :
Glinus orygioides F.Muell.; Pl. Vict. 1: 203 (1862)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Mollugo orygioides (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. 3: 333 (1867)
species :
Glinus radiatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohrb.; Mart. Fl. Bras. 14(2): 238 (1872)
Name: Shining damascisa, Spreading sweetjuice (EN), Hierba del pollo [Chile]
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, Córdoba, Magdalena); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Zulia); Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Paraíba, Pernambuco); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Cordillera); Uruguay (Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa, Santa Fe); Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía)
74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX RGI 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC 81 CUB HIS JAM 82 CLM FRG GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Glinus cambessedesii Fenzl; Ann. Wien. Mus. 1: 358 (1836)
= Glinus glaber Larrañaga; Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2: 165 (1923)
= Mollugo araucana Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 85: 170 (1893)
= Mollugo cambessedesii (Fenzl) J.M.Coult.; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 2: 138 (1891)
= Mollugo glinoides Cambess.; A. St.-Hil. et al., Fl. Bras. Merid. 2: 171 (1830)
= Mollugo radiata Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Per. 1: 48 (1798)
species :
Glinus runkewitzii Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 83 (1974)
Distribution: Egypt (NW-Egypt)
20 EGY
Remarks: poorly known, probably a synonym of G. lotoides
species :
Glinus sessiliflorus P.S.Short; Telopea 9(4): 761 (2002)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Glinus setiflorus Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 95 (1775)
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; N-Yemen
24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Glinus lotoides var. setiflorus (Forssk.) Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 358 (1836)
= Mollugo setiflora (Forssk.) Chiov.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., 114 (1923)
= Plenckia setiflora (Forssk.) Raf.; Specch. 1: 194 (1814)
species :
Glinus zambesiacus Sukhor.; PhytoKeys 173: 74 (2021)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana
23 ZAI 25 KEN TAN 26 ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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