2. • The Papaveraceae, or the poppy family
• Many plants in the Papaveraceae are
economically important plants, widely grown
for their attractive flowers .
3. • Papaveraceae plants are mostly herbaceous.
It comprises comprising about 44 genera and
770 species
• HABIT:
The plants may be annual, biennial, or
perennial herbs with milky or yellowish latex.
• HABITAT:
It is widely distributed all over the
temperate regions. Most species are found in
Northern hemispheres.
4. • STEM:
Herbaceous, erect, cylindrical, and
branched.
• LEAVES:
Radical rather large, alternate or the upper
one sometimes opposite, simple lobed or
deeply divided or compound.
5. • INFLORESCENCE:
The terminal flowers solitary in most species. In
others the terminal inflorescence is cymose or
racemose
• FLOWER:
Hermaphrodite, actinomorphic or zygomorphic,
Hypogynous, di or trimerous. Ebracteate and
pedicellate, large and showy
• CALYAX:
Sepals 2-3, free, caducous, inferior
6. • COROLLA:
Petals 4 or more, free in two whorls.
• ANDROCEIUM:
Stamens numerous occasionally 4 or 2, free,
alternating, whorls.
9. •
• BOTANICAL ORIGION: Papaver
somniferum
• Common Name: Crude Opium, Gum opium,
post, Afim.
• Part used: Dried milky latex obtained by
incision from unripe capsules.
• Habit: Annual herb
• Habitat: Found in Turkey, India, Pakistan,
Iran, Thailand.
10. COLLECTION
• OCT – MARCH
• Unripe capsules are
incised longitudinally
up to 1mm depth.
• Latex turns brown
when come in contact
with air
11. • Constituents:
It contains more than 30
alkaloids and 6 main ones are6 main ones are
• MorphineMorphine
• CodeineCodeine
• ThebaineThebaine
• NoscapineNoscapine
• NarceineNarceine
• papaverinepapaverine
12. • Morphine Type:
of benzyl isoquinoline system.
Morphine
Pseudo or oxymorphine
Codeine
Thebaine
belongs to phenantherene ring system
Codeine is an ether of morphine and is used
medicinally
15. • MEDICINAL USES:
Opium & Morphine:
Relieve pain
Hypnotics (affect the sensory nerve cells of the
cerebrum).
Opium (closely resembles morphine) – exerts
action more slowly – preferable to morphine
(e.g in diarrhoea).
Opium: also a diaphoretic
16. Codeine
Milder sedative
Relieve cough
Habitual use may cause constipation
Both Morphine & Codeine decrease
metabolism
Codeine – was used to treat diabetes (before
the introduction of insulin
18. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Sangunaria
canadensis
• Common Name: Blood root, Red root
• Part used: Dried rhizomes and roots
• Habit: Perennial herb
• Habitat: United states of America and Canada
• Constituents:
Mainly contain
Isoquinoline alkaloids
