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Rice wild species

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Bhavya Sree

crop wild relatives (cwr) are gaining so much importance in plant breeding as they are the sources for so many valuable alleles that are not available in cultivated germplasm. these alleles can be introgressed to cultivated species for crop improvemnt

Science
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PREPARED BY, Bhavyasree R K
ORYZA GENUS • Two cultivated (2 n = 24, AA) – Oryza sativa – O. glaberrima • 22 wild species (2 n = 24, 48) - AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG, KKLL, and HHJJ genome types
Sanchez et al, 2013
Oryza sativa “Asian rice”
Oryza glaberrima “African rice” Tolerance to drought, acidity, Fe toxicity, P deficiency; Resistance to  BB,  blast,  RYMV,  African gallmidge,  nematodes,  weed competitiveness
Oryza nivara Resistance to:  grassy stunt virus  BB
Oryza rufipogon Resistance to BB, Blast BPH tungro virus Moderately tolerant to Shb Tolerance to aluminum and soil acidity,  increased elongation under deep water;  source of CMS and yield enhancing loci
Oryza barthii Resistance to GLH BB drought avoidance tolerance to heat and drought
Oryza longistaminata Resistance to BB,  nematodes Stemborer drought avoidance
Oryza meridionalis Elongation ability drought avoidance tolerance to heat and drought
O. glumaepatula Oryza minuta source of CMS tolerance to heat Resistance to BB Blast BPH GLH
Oryza alta Oryza brachyantha Resistance to striped stemborer high biomass production Resistance to  BB,  yellow stemborer  leaf folder whorl maggot tolerance to laterite soil
Oryza coarctata Oryza officinalis Tolerance to salinity Resistance to thrips BPH GLH WPH  BB, stem rot tolerance to heat
Oryza punctata Oryza ridleyi Resistance to  BPH, BB zigzag leafhopper tolerance to heat and drought Resistance to Blast BB tungro virus stem borer whorl maggot
Figure 1: Undehusked seeds of African Oryza species. (a) Oryza longistaminata (b) Oryza glaberrima 1 (c) Oryza glaberrima 2 (d) Oryza brachyantha (e) Oryza eichingeri (f) Oryza punctata (g) Oryza barthii. Wambugu et al. 2013
Species 2 n Geno me No. of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . sativa complex O . sativa 24 AA 96,564 Cultigen high yielding O . glaberrima 24 A g A g 1,562 West Africa Cultigen;tolerance to drought,acidity, iron toxicity,P deficiency;resistance to BB,blast, RYMV, African gallmidge,nematodes, weed competitiveness O . nivara 24 AA 1,260 Tropical and subtropical Asia Resistance to grassy stunt virus, BB O . rufipogon 24 AA 858 Tropical and subtropical Asia,tropical Australia Resistance to BB, blast, BPH, tungro virus; moderately tolerant to Shb, tolerance to aluminum and soil acidity, increased elongation under deep water; source of CMS and yield enhancing loci ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
Species 2 n Genome No. of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . breviligulata O . barthii 24 A g A g 218 Africa Resistance to GLH, BB; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought O . longistaminat a 24 A l A l 203 Africa Resistance to BB, nematodes,stemborer, drought avoidance O . meridionalis 24 A m A m 56 Tropical Australia Elongation ability; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought O . glumaepatula 24 A gp A gp 54 South and Central America Elongation ability; source of CMS; tolerance to heat ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
Species 2 n Genome Number of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . officinalis complex O . punctata 24, 48 BB, BBCC 71 Africa Resistance to BPH, BB, zigzag leafhopper; tolerance to heat and drought O . minuta. 48 BBCC 63 Philippines and Papua New Guinea Resistance to BB, blast, BPH,GLH O . officinalis 24 CC 265 Tropical and subtropical Asia tropical Australia Resistance to thrips, BPH, GLH, WPH, BB, stem rot; tolerance to heat O . rhizomatis 24 CC 19 Sri Lanka Drought avoidance, resistance to blast; tolerance to heat ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
O . eichingeri 24 CC 30 South Asia and East Africa Resistance to BPH, WBPH, GLH O . latifolia 48 CCDD 40 South and Central America Resistance to BPH, BB, high biomass production O . alta 48 CCDD 6 South and Central America Resistance to striped stemborer;high biomass production O . grandiglumi s 48 CCDD 10 South and Central America High biomass production O . australiensis 24 EE 36 Tropical Australia Resistance to BPH, BB, blast; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
O . meyeriana complex O . granulata 24 GG 24 South and South Asia Shade tolerance, adaptation to aerobic soil O . meyeriana 24 GG 11 Southeast Asia Shade tolerance; adaptation to aerobic soil O . ridleyi complex O . longiglumis Jansen 48 HHJJ 6 Irian Jaya, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea Resistance to blast, BB O . ridleyi Hook . F . 48 HHJJ 15 South Asia Resistance to blast, BB, tungro virus, stem borer, whorl maggot O . brachyanth a 24 FF 19 Africa Resistance to BB, yellow stemborer, leaf folder, whorl maggot; tolerance to laterite soil ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
Unclassified O . schlechteri 48 KKLL 1 Papua New Guinea Stoloniferous O . coarctata 48 KKLL 1 Asian Coastal Area Tolerance to salinity,stoloniferous Leersia perrieri 24 UNKN OWN 1 Africa –Shade tolerance, stoloniferous ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
Rice wild species

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Rice wild species

  • 2. ORYZA GENUS • Two cultivated (2 n = 24, AA) – Oryza sativa – O. glaberrima • 22 wild species (2 n = 24, 48) - AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG, KKLL, and HHJJ genome types
  • 3.
  • 6. Oryza glaberrima “African rice” Tolerance to drought, acidity, Fe toxicity, P deficiency; Resistance to  BB,  blast,  RYMV,  African gallmidge,  nematodes,  weed competitiveness
  • 7.
  • 8. Oryza nivara Resistance to:  grassy stunt virus  BB
  • 9. Oryza rufipogon Resistance to BB, Blast BPH tungro virus Moderately tolerant to Shb Tolerance to aluminum and soil acidity,  increased elongation under deep water;  source of CMS and yield enhancing loci
  • 10. Oryza barthii Resistance to GLH BB drought avoidance tolerance to heat and drought
  • 11. Oryza longistaminata Resistance to BB,  nematodes Stemborer drought avoidance
  • 12. Oryza meridionalis Elongation ability drought avoidance tolerance to heat and drought
  • 13. O. glumaepatula Oryza minuta source of CMS tolerance to heat Resistance to BB Blast BPH GLH
  • 14. Oryza alta Oryza brachyantha Resistance to striped stemborer high biomass production Resistance to  BB,  yellow stemborer  leaf folder whorl maggot tolerance to laterite soil
  • 15. Oryza coarctata Oryza officinalis Tolerance to salinity Resistance to thrips BPH GLH WPH  BB, stem rot tolerance to heat
  • 16. Oryza punctata Oryza ridleyi Resistance to  BPH, BB zigzag leafhopper tolerance to heat and drought Resistance to Blast BB tungro virus stem borer whorl maggot
  • 17.
  • 18. Figure 1: Undehusked seeds of African Oryza species. (a) Oryza longistaminata (b) Oryza glaberrima 1 (c) Oryza glaberrima 2 (d) Oryza brachyantha (e) Oryza eichingeri (f) Oryza punctata (g) Oryza barthii. Wambugu et al. 2013
  • 19. Species 2 n Geno me No. of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . sativa complex O . sativa 24 AA 96,564 Cultigen high yielding O . glaberrima 24 A g A g 1,562 West Africa Cultigen;tolerance to drought,acidity, iron toxicity,P deficiency;resistance to BB,blast, RYMV, African gallmidge,nematodes, weed competitiveness O . nivara 24 AA 1,260 Tropical and subtropical Asia Resistance to grassy stunt virus, BB O . rufipogon 24 AA 858 Tropical and subtropical Asia,tropical Australia Resistance to BB, blast, BPH, tungro virus; moderately tolerant to Shb, tolerance to aluminum and soil acidity, increased elongation under deep water; source of CMS and yield enhancing loci ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
  • 20. Species 2 n Genome No. of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . breviligulata O . barthii 24 A g A g 218 Africa Resistance to GLH, BB; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought O . longistaminat a 24 A l A l 203 Africa Resistance to BB, nematodes,stemborer, drought avoidance O . meridionalis 24 A m A m 56 Tropical Australia Elongation ability; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought O . glumaepatula 24 A gp A gp 54 South and Central America Elongation ability; source of CMS; tolerance to heat ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
  • 21. Species 2 n Genome Number of accessions Distribution Useful traits O . officinalis complex O . punctata 24, 48 BB, BBCC 71 Africa Resistance to BPH, BB, zigzag leafhopper; tolerance to heat and drought O . minuta. 48 BBCC 63 Philippines and Papua New Guinea Resistance to BB, blast, BPH,GLH O . officinalis 24 CC 265 Tropical and subtropical Asia tropical Australia Resistance to thrips, BPH, GLH, WPH, BB, stem rot; tolerance to heat O . rhizomatis 24 CC 19 Sri Lanka Drought avoidance, resistance to blast; tolerance to heat ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
  • 22. O . eichingeri 24 CC 30 South Asia and East Africa Resistance to BPH, WBPH, GLH O . latifolia 48 CCDD 40 South and Central America Resistance to BPH, BB, high biomass production O . alta 48 CCDD 6 South and Central America Resistance to striped stemborer;high biomass production O . grandiglumi s 48 CCDD 10 South and Central America High biomass production O . australiensis 24 EE 36 Tropical Australia Resistance to BPH, BB, blast; drought avoidance; tolerance to heat and drought ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
  • 23. O . meyeriana complex O . granulata 24 GG 24 South and South Asia Shade tolerance, adaptation to aerobic soil O . meyeriana 24 GG 11 Southeast Asia Shade tolerance; adaptation to aerobic soil O . ridleyi complex O . longiglumis Jansen 48 HHJJ 6 Irian Jaya, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea Resistance to blast, BB O . ridleyi Hook . F . 48 HHJJ 15 South Asia Resistance to blast, BB, tungro virus, stem borer, whorl maggot O . brachyanth a 24 FF 19 Africa Resistance to BB, yellow stemborer, leaf folder, whorl maggot; tolerance to laterite soil ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS
  • 24. Unclassified O . schlechteri 48 KKLL 1 Papua New Guinea Stoloniferous O . coarctata 48 KKLL 1 Asian Coastal Area Tolerance to salinity,stoloniferous Leersia perrieri 24 UNKN OWN 1 Africa –Shade tolerance, stoloniferous ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS