Beekeeping practices in ethiopia
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Hello dear audience I made this video just to share what I know with anyone interested to know about beekeeping especially the Ethiopian beekeeping practices. Some of the picture I used in the slides are not mine and I got them from online published research articles and reports. I apologize the owners for not asking for their permission to use on my slides. Dear audience, do not hesitate to contact me with any communication media you want to give comment or suggestion or to ask me any question related to beekeeping.
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Beekeeping practices in ethiopia
- 1. BEEKEEPING PRACTICES OF ETHIOPIA Arse GebeyehuWode Nov 3, 2015
- 2. Content of the slides Introduction to Ethiopia Ethiopian agro-ecology and biodiversity History of Beekeeping in Ethiopia Honeybees’ forages resource Honeybee races in the country Beehives and its production capacities Honey and beeswax production Socio-econonmic importance Contemporary challenges
- 3. Introduction to Ethiopia Located: on the horn of Africa (GPS coordinate: 9.0167° N, 38.7500° E) Population: 96.51 million by 2014, 2nd populous nation in Africa 13th populous nation in the world Area: 1.1 million square kilometer Area: 26th largest country in the world GDP: 9th largest economy in Africa Became the most populous landlocked country in the world after Eritrea seceded Ethiopia: Land of beauties
- 4. Ethiopian agro-ecology and biodiversity Ethiopia have 18 different agro-ecological zones Ethiopia has a wide range of altitudes favoring the existence of different types of natural vegetation that includes dense forests, bushes, herbs, weeds and undergrowth Its woodland and natural forests consist of various species of plant that provide surplus nectar and pollen to foraging bees So, it’s home for most diverse flora and fauna in Africa
- 5. Ethiopian agro… continued There are about 7,000 plants species that have been identified to exist in the country, out of which more 400 are identified as nectar and pollen sources As a result, Ethiopia has the largest bees population in Africa with over 10 million bee colonies, of which up to 7.5 million are estimated to be hived while 2.5 million lives in the forest and crevices These all indicates Ethiopia has a huge natural resource base for honey production
- 6. Worth knowing: The lowest altitude in Ethiopia is a place called Danakil and has 125 meters below sea level, 6th lowest places on earth The highest altitude in Ethiopia is mount Ras Dashen and has 4,625 meter above sea level, 23rd tallest mountain in the world
- 7. Ethiopian agro… continued Some forests are magical places of rich biodiversity
- 8. History of Beekeeping in Ethiopia History books: beekeeping has started in the country between 3,500 - 3,000 BC Ethiopian practices beekeeping as an integral part of other agricultural activities Currently more than 2 million households practices beekeeping as their major livelihood But beekeeping sector is mainly dominated by small-scale farmers In rural area both men and women carry out beekeeping in home gardens and even in houses There is no a single ethnic group or tribe in Ethiopia who doesn't practice beekeeping
- 9. History of Beekeeping in Ethiopia continued Honey Hunting is common in few remote west and southwest parts of the country There is Forest Beekeeping System that is still being practiced in the forest covered areas Backyard beekeeping is the most common type of beekeeping in the country including urban areas Beekeeping is mostly practiced in traditional way, in small scale
- 10. Honeybees’ forage resources So far, more than 400 plants have been identified as major honeybees’ forage but their presence varies from one part of the country to the other Therefore, it is expected to have a very diversified honey types from this diversified honeybee forages
- 11. Serial number Scientific name local name Common name Plant Type 1 Maytenus obscura Gora Spike thorn Shrub 2 Duranta repens Kombolcha Golden dewdrop Shrub 3 Vernonia amygdalina Ebicha Bitter leaf Shrub 4 Vernonia auriculata Reji Ironweed Shrub 5 Hypoestes forskali Dergu Herb 6 Syzgium guineense Badessa Waterberry Tree 7 Eucalyptus spp bargemo Tree 8 Apodytes dimidiate Oda beda Tree 9 Acacia sibirana Lafto Tree 10 Prunus Africana Miessa Tree 11 Schefflera abyssinica Gatame Tree 12 Croton macrostachys Mokonisa Afrikankrotoni Tree 13 Guizotia scabra Adala Sunflecks Herb 14 Cordia Africana Wodesa Tree 15 Dovalis abyssinica Koshim Shrub 16 Caucanthus auriculatus Gale Climber 17 Schinus molle Turimanturi Peruvian pepper Tree Honeybeeforages
- 12. Honeybee races in the country The honeybee colonies in Ethiopia are grouped in to five different honeybee races occupying ecologically different areas of the country Ex: Apis mellifera jemenitica mainly found in the northwest and eastern part of the country Apis mellifera scutellata mainly found in the west, south and southwest part of the country Apis mellifera bandasii, in the central part of the country Apis mellifera monticola from the northern mountainous highlands Apis mellifera woyi-gambella in south western parts of the country Currently, about 10,000,000 colony exists in the country Ranks 1st in Africa and 9th in the world
- 13. Beehives and its production capacities Traditional beekeeping is mostly practiced with different types of traditional hives Hives are very much diversified in shape, volume and the materials used depending on the cultural differences and the local materials available for construction Colonies in traditional beehives account for about 90% of the total hived honeybee population The productivity of traditional hives is low and the average yield is only about 5–8kg(11-17.6lbs)/per colony/per annum The annual honey production in the country is increasing and has reached quite higher than 71,200MT in 2014
- 14. Beehives and its production capacities continued Three types beehives are being used in the country 1. Traditional hives – no frame 2. Transitional or intermediate hives – moveable top-bar 3. Modern hives (only langstroth) – moveable frame In proportion of the above 3 types of hives: 90% 3% and 7% of traditional, intermediate and modern hives respectively
- 15. Traditional hives Traditional hives: are cylindrical in shape with a little bit over 1m (3.28 foot) in length and diameter of around 20cm (0.66 foot)
- 16. Intermediate / Transitional hives
- 17. Intermediate/transition hives in the backyard apiary
- 18. Beehives and its production capacities Traditional hive produces 64% nationally produced honey with 5.5kg (12.1lb) honey per hive per harvest Intermediate hive contributes about 6% of national production but 20kg (44lb) honey per hive harvest Modern hives contributes about 30% of national production with 33kg (72.7lb) honey per hive harvest
- 19. Honey and beeswax production Honey production: 1st in Africa and 9th in the world Beeswax production:1st in Africa and 3rd largest in the world More than 5,200MT beeswax being produced, 3rd in the world
- 20. Honey production Ethiopia Honey: 71,220MT Honeybees Colony: 7.5 million U.S.A Honey 80,000MT Honeybees Colony 2.74 million Canada Honey: 75,488MT Honeybees Colony : 672 thousand • But 85% of the honey is locally consumed for the brewing of ‘Tej’ (honey-wine, a mild alcoholic beverage popular throughout Ethiopia) leaving only 15% for export • There are generally two honey harvesting seasons: the major one that lasts from October to November and the secondary one from April to June • In addition to these major harvesting periods, there are many small harvesting periods which depend on the type of flowering plants and rainfall patterns
- 21. Honey production and consumption Table honey is also widely consumed in Ethiopia No family celebration or gathering can take place in Ethiopia without Tej, honey-wine The largest portion of honey produced in the country comes from forest beekeeping; the practice of honey collection from colonies in forest Honey is also considered as medicine to cure some ailments
- 22. Beeswax production There is an annual beeswax (honey comb) production of 5,200MT It is largely collected from traditional hives rather than modern hives The beeswax yield from traditional hives is 8 - 10 percent of the honey yield, compared to 0.5 - 2 percent from modern hives Ethiopian beeswax is a by-product of the Tej production and mainly exported and also used in religious ceremonies and floor waxing After China and Mexico, Ethiopia is the 3rd largest wax producing country
- 23. Beeswax processing Purifying wax
- 24. Socio-economic importance Dietary use: Honey is a useful source of high-carbohydrate food, and usually contains a rich diversity of minor constitutes (minerals, vitamins, and proteins), adding nutritional quality to human diets Source of income: The most important income-generating activities in the rural communities Pollination service: Play a significant role in increasing yield of crop Social benefits: Has considerable socio-cultural significance, Tej (honey wine)
- 25. Places where beekeepers place their hives Backyard Hanging on tree near home stead Hanging on trees in the forest
- 26. Apiary farm
- 27. Modern (Langstroth) hives at backyard Running beekeeping side by side with other agricultural activities
- 28. Contemporary challenges Recently seen diseases American foulbrood European foulbrood Wax-moth Varoa-mites Agricultural related problems Lack of affordable beekeeping equipment Climate change causing drought Agro-chemincal intoxication Lack of necessary beekeeping skills Reduction of honeybee colony due agro-ecology disturbance Market problem – deflation Already existing problems Pest and predators Absconding/migration Frequent swarming Diminishing forests
- 29. Name: Arse Gebeyehu Wode Phone: +1-647-706-0571 Email: arse.gebeyehu@yahoo.com Twitter: ArseGebeyehu Facebook: Arse Gebeyehu LinkedIn: Arse Gebeyehu Communication