13. CAESALPINIACEAE
DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS
DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS OF CAESALPINIACEAE
⚫ Leaves are Pinnately Compound with Pulvinous –Swollen leaf
base.
⚫ Inflorescence is a Racemose – Corymb
⚫ Flowers are Perigynous and Zygomorphic.
⚫ Presence of Ascendingly Imbricate Aestivation of Petals.
⚫ Ten Stamens are in two Whorls.
⚫ Fruits are Legume.
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14. CAESALPINIACEAE
GENERAL CHARACTERS
GENERAL CHARACTERS OF CAESALPINIACEAE
⚫ PLANTS are mostlyTrees or Shrubs.
⚫ LEAVES are Compound, Stipulate, Alternate and Pulvinate.
⚫ STEM is Aerial and Woody.
⚫ INFLORESENCE is Racemose – Corymb or Panicle.
⚫ FLOWER are Pedicellate, Bracteate, Bisexual, Zygomorphic and
Perigynous
⚫ CALYX -Sepals- 5, Polysepalousand Imbricate Aestivation
⚫ COROLLA -Petals-5, Polypetalous and Ascendingly Imbricate
Aestivation
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15. CAESALPINIACEAE
GENERAL CHARACTERS
GENERAL CHARACTERS OF CAESALPINIACEAE
ANDROECIUM
⚫ STAMENS are 10 and Free
⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous and Dehisce longitudinally
GYNOECIUM
⚫ OVARY is Monocarpellary, Unilocular, Half-inferior with Many
Ovules in Marginal Placentation.
⚫ STYLE is Simple and Terminal
⚫ STIGMA is Capitate.
POLLINATION is Entomophily
FRUIT is Legume
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16. CAESALPINIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION -VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF CAESALPINIACEAE
VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY
DISTRIBUTION
⚫ Mostly in Tropics.
⚫ 2800 Species under 152 Genera
HABIT
⚫ Mostly Trees - Delonix
⚫ Some Shrubs - Caesalpinia
⚫ Few Herbs - Cassia tora
HABITAT
⚫ Mostly Mesophytes
⚫ Few Xerophytes- Parkinsonia
ROOT -Branched Tap Root System.
STEM
⚫ Aerial Erect and Woody
⚫ Woody Climbers- Bauhinia vahlii
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17. CAESALPINIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION -VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY
LEAVES
⚫ PinnatelyCompound, Stipulate, Alternate, Pulvinate and
Reticulate Venation.
Leaves are
⚫ Pinnately Compound - Tamarindus
⚫ BiPinnately Compound - Delonix
⚫ BiFoliate Compound - Bauhinia
Phyllode
⚫ In Parkinsonia, the leaflets are reduced
in size, the photosynthesisis done by the flat,
green, Rachii, called Phyllode.
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18. CAESALPINIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION -REPRODUTIVE MORPHOLOGY
REPRODUTIVE MORPHOLOGY
INFLORESENCE
⚫ Terminal
⚫ Racemose -Mostly Corymb
⚫ Pendulous Raceme – Cassia fistula.
FLOWER
⚫ Pedicellate, Bracteate, Ebracteolate, Complete, Bisexual, Irregular,
Zygomorphic, Pentamerous and Perigynous.
CALYX
⚫ Mostly Sepals–5, Irregular, Polysepalous and Valvate or Imbricate
Aestivation.
⚫ In Calyx, Mostly Odd Sepal is Larger, Hooded and Anterior in Position.
⚫ Sepals are Four in Tamarindus.
⚫ Sepals are Petaloid in Caesalpinia pulcherrima.
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19. CAESALPINIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION -REPRODUTIVE MORPHOLOGY
REPRODUTIVE MORPHOLOGY
COROLLA
⚫ Petals –5, Irregular, Polypetalous and Ascendingly Imbricate Aestivation.
⚫ In Corolla, Mostly the Posterior Petal is Clawed.
⚫ Petals are Three in Tamarindus and two are reduced into bristles.
⚫ Petals are absent (apetalous) in Saraca.
ANDROECIUM
STAMENS
⚫ Stamens are 10, Free, Unequal, Diplostamonous.
⚫ In Tamarindus, Three Stamens are Fertile and Monoadelphous.
⚫ In Cassia, Three Stamens are Staminodes.
ANTHER is Dithecous, Introse, Basifixed or Versatile and Dehisce Longitudinally
or Porous in Cassia
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20. CAESALPINIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION -REPRODUTIVE MORPHOLOGY
REPRODUTIVE MORPHOLOGY
GYNOECIUM
OVARY
⚫ Monocarpellary, Unilocular, Half Superior with Many Ovules on Marginal
Placentation. The ovary has a small stalk called Gynophore.
STYLE is Simple and Terminal.
STIGMA is Capitate.
POLLINATION
⚫ Entomophily- Flowers are Large, Showy and Attractive.
FRUIT
⚫ Legume
SEED
⚫ Non-Endospermous
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21. CAESALPINIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF CAESALPINIA Sp.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF Caesalpinia sp.
HABIT
⚫ Highly branched Shrubs.
HABITAT
⚫ Mesophytes
ROOT
⚫ Branched Tap Root System.
STEM
⚫ Aerial Erect and Woody
LEAVES
⚫ Pinnately Compound, Stipulate, Alternate, Reticulate Venation and
Pulvinate.
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23. CAESALPINIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF CAESALPINIA Sp.
INFLORESENCE
⚫ Terminal
⚫ Racemose – Corymb.
FLOWER
⚫ Pedicellate, Bracteate, Ebracteolate, Complete, Bisexual, Irregular,
Zygomorphic, Pentamerous and Perigynous.
CALYX
⚫ Sepals–5, Polysepalous and Imbricate Aestivation
COROLLA
⚫ Petals –5, Irregular, Polypetalous, Ascendingly Imbricate Aestivation and
Petal are Clawed.
ANDROECIUM
⚫ STAMEN are 10 and Polyandrous.
⚫ ANTHER is Dithecous and Dehisce longitudinally
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24. CAESALPINIACEAE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF CAESALPINIA Sp.
GYNOECIUM
⚫ OVARY is Monocarpellary, Unilocular, Half Superior Ovary with
Many Ovules on Marginal Placentation
⚫ STYLE is Simple and Terminal
⚫ STIGMA is Capitate
POLLINATION
⚫ Entomophily
FRUIT
⚫ Legume
SEED
⚫ Non-Endospermous
Floral Formula:
⚫ Br, Ebrl, O, %, K5, C5, A10, G(1)
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25. CAESALPINIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Tamarindus indica (Tamarind)
⚫ Fruits are Edible.
⚫ Pulpy Mesocarp is used for Cooking.
⚫ Fruits are Laxative.
Saraca indica (Ashok Tree)
⚫ It is Grown as an Ornamental Trees in the Gardens for its Bunch Orange
Flowers.
Delonix regia (Gulmohur)
⚫ It is Grown as an Ornamental Trees in the Gardens for its Showy Red
Flowers.
Peltophorum sp
⚫ It is Grown as an Ornamental Trees in the Gardens for its attractive clusters
of Yellow Flowers.
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26. CAESALPINIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Cassia angustifolia (Indian Seena)
⚫ Leaves and Fruits are used as a Laxative and Purgative.
⚫ Powder of dried Flowers is used to Reduce the Sugar Level in Diabetes.
Cassia fistula
⚫ The Pulp of Fruit is used as a Laxative and Purgative.
⚫ It is Grown as an Ornamental Tree in the Gardens for its Pendulous Yellow
Flowers.
Cassia sp. & Bauhinia sp.
⚫ The Bark, Leaves, Fruits, and Seeds are the Main Source of Tannins.
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27. CAESALPINIACEAE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Haematoxylon sp.
⚫ The Heart Wood is a source of Dye called Haematoxylin that is used for
Staining Nucleus.
CAESALPINIA PULCHERRIMA (PEACOCK FLOWER)
⚫ Leaves are Purgative.
⚫ Flowers are used for Bronchitis , Asthma and Malarial Fever.
CAESALPINIA CORIARIA (DIVIDIVI)
⚫ Decoction of Pods is used to stop Bleeding in Piles.
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