Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Family-Acanthaceae
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Based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University for B. Sc.II Botany, paper: VII- Taxonomy of Angiosperms.
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Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Family-Acanthaceae
- 2. Classification • Kingdom: Plantae • Subdiv.:Angiosperms • Class: dicotyledons • Sub class: Gamopetalae • Series: Bicarpellatae • Order:Personales • Family:Acanthaceae
- 3. Distribution, Habit and habitat • 250 genera and about 2500 species. • Most are tropical plants. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. • The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. • Can be found in variety of habitats, including forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests. • Mostly herbs. Or shrubs. Few epiphytes.
- 4. Description Leaves-Simple,opposite, decussated leaves with entire (or toothed, lobed, or spiny) margins, exstipulate with cystoliths Inflorescence-Condensed dichasial cyme or solitary,axillary or racemose spike
- 6. Floral morphology • Flowers are perfect, zygomorphic to actinom orphic • Typically, a colorful bract subtends each flower. • The calyx usually has four or five lobes; • Corolla tubular, two-lipped or five-lobed. • Androecium-stamens number either two or four, arranged in pairs and inserted on the corolla. • Gynoecium- ovary is superior and bicarpellated, with axile placentation
- 7. Description-2 • The fruit is a two- celled capsule, dehiscing somewhat explosively. • seeds are attached to a small, hooked stalk (a modified funiculus called a jaculator or a retinaculum) that ejects them from the capsule
- 10. Economic Importance • Ornamentals- Barleria, Crossandra, Justicia Ruellia, Thunbergia. • Dye yielding: Blue dye from leaves of Strobilanthes cusia. • Medicinal:1.Adhatoda vasica-leaf extracts used for cough, bronchitis, asthama. 2.Seeds of Barleria cristata used to treat snakebite.3.Leaves and seeds of Hygrophylla spinata used to cure jaundice.