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Mayacaceae fluminensis. A–B, Original plate of Vellozo’s Coletia madida: A, line drawings of habit; B, line drawings of androecium and gynoecium; C–D, Mayaca fluviatilis: C, detail of the flower, showing the stamens without apical tubes; D, detail of an anther from a herbarium specimen, showing the ornamentation of the pore; E–F, Mayaca sellowiana: E, detail of the flower, showing the stamens with an evident apical tube; F, detail of the flower from a herbarium specimen, showing the lighter apical tubes and darker anther sacs. — Photo of the Coletia madida plate modified from the Biodiversity Heritage Library; C by M. Blanco; D–F by M.O.O. Pellegrini.
Source publication
A great deal of doubt surrounds the name Coletia madida concerning its identity, application and relation to Mayaca sellowiana. In order to better understand this issue we analyzed Vellozo’s original description and plate, as well as the original description for M. sellowiana. We conclude that C. madida is a synonym of M. fluviatilis and that M. se...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... al., 2015;Pellegrini & Forzza, in prep.). Since none of Vellozo's original specimens have been located, and in accordance with the requirements of the Code (McNeill & al., 2012: Art. 9.3), the original illustrations, although only published later in 1831, are considered part of that author's original material. . -For images of the lectotype, see Fig. 1A & B; for a field photo, see Fig. 1C; for a photo of herbarium material, see Fig. ...
Context 2
... Since none of Vellozo's original specimens have been located, and in accordance with the requirements of the Code (McNeill & al., 2012: Art. 9.3), the original illustrations, although only published later in 1831, are considered part of that author's original material. . -For images of the lectotype, see Fig. 1A & B; for a field photo, see Fig. 1C; for a photo of herbarium material, see Fig. ...
Context 3
... have been located, and in accordance with the requirements of the Code (McNeill & al., 2012: Art. 9.3), the original illustrations, although only published later in 1831, are considered part of that author's original material. . -For images of the lectotype, see Fig. 1A & B; for a field photo, see Fig. 1C; for a photo of herbarium material, see Fig. ...
Context 4
... due to the difference in sporangia position in both spe cies, where M. fluviatilis possesses late bisporangiate anthers due to fusion of the vertically arranged microsporangia; while M. sellowiana is clearly tetrasporangiate with microsporangia arranged in pairs (Carvalho & al., 2009). Furthermore, the anthers depicted by Vellozo (1831: t. 79) (Fig. 1A, B) do not possess an apical tube, which is characteristic of M. sellowi- ana and is perceptible to the naked eye without a hand lens (Fig. 1E, F). The apical tube in M. sellowiana is generally 1⁄3 to 1⁄2 the length of the anther sacs and lighter than the anther sacs, with a mild constriction at its base-and is easily seen in herbarium ...
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... vertically arranged microsporangia; while M. sellowiana is clearly tetrasporangiate with microsporangia arranged in pairs (Carvalho & al., 2009). Furthermore, the anthers depicted by Vellozo (1831: t. 79) (Fig. 1A, B) do not possess an apical tube, which is characteristic of M. sellowi- ana and is perceptible to the naked eye without a hand lens (Fig. 1E, F). The apical tube in M. sellowiana is generally 1⁄3 to 1⁄2 the length of the anther sacs and lighter than the anther sacs, with a mild constriction at its base-and is easily seen in herbarium material, where the tube becomes light yellow and the anther sacs become dark yellow to ochre when dried (Fig. 1E, F). Since Vellozo's plates were ...
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... to the naked eye without a hand lens (Fig. 1E, F). The apical tube in M. sellowiana is generally 1⁄3 to 1⁄2 the length of the anther sacs and lighter than the anther sacs, with a mild constriction at its base-and is easily seen in herbarium material, where the tube becomes light yellow and the anther sacs become dark yellow to ochre when dried (Fig. 1E, F). Since Vellozo's plates were mostly prepared based on presseddry specimens (H.C. de Lima, pers. comm.), the apical tubes would have been evident and would hardly have been missed by Vellozo's illustration artist. Furthermore, the proportion between the ovary and the anthers is congruent with that of M. fluviatilis. Indeed, in that ...
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... specimens (H.C. de Lima, pers. comm.), the apical tubes would have been evident and would hardly have been missed by Vellozo's illustration artist. Furthermore, the proportion between the ovary and the anthers is congruent with that of M. fluviatilis. Indeed, in that species the anthers are smaller to approximately the same size as the ovary (Fig. 1B, C), whereas in M. sellowiana the anthers are much larger than the ovary (Fig. E, ...
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Citations
... Several authors have dealt previously with the typification and/or application of Vellozo's names published in Florae Fluminensis in selected taxonomic groups (e.g. Gentry, 1975;Cervi and Rodrigues, 2010;Buzzato et al., 2013;Pastore, 2013;Knapp et al., 2015;Pellegrini et al., 2015;Pellegrini and Carvalho, 2016;Chagas et al., 2018;Kessous et al., 2018). However, prior to the recent clarification of Vellozo's itinerary and consequent resolution of the likely provenance of the materials upon which his taxa were based (Pastore et al., 2021), proper identification of the illustrations in Florae Fluminensis, which are often of poor quality, was very difficult. ...
Recommendations on the proper typification of names published in Vellozo's Florae Fluminensis are provided, using as examples the friar's published names for taxa of Eriocaulaceae, Polygalaceae and Violaceae, which were based on specimens that likely originated in the municipality of Cunha, in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. We designate as lectotypes illustrations from the unpublished iconography of Florae Fluminensis, preserved at the Biblioteca Nacional in Rio de Janeiro for the previously untypified names Polygala bonavisio, P. quinqueangularis, P. multicaulis, P. glandulosa, Viola diffusa and V. exigua. We also illuminate parallel illustrations from an incomplete copy of the iconography housed at the Torre do Tombo (Lisbon) but conclude that the materials in Biblioteca Nacional are in general more accurate in their depictions, and thus preferred as lectotypes. When needed, epitypes are chosen from specimens collected in the region of Vellozo's likely type localities in order to assist proper application of his names. Besides typifications, taxonomic notes on Vellozo's taxa and photographs of them in the field are provided. Pastore et al. (2021) addressed the provenance of plant specimens now lost for which 303 new names were published by Friar José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo in his Florae Fluminensis (Vellozo, 1829, 1881) and provided a detailed analysis of his itinerary and type localities in Brazil. The evidence provided by Pastore et al. (2021) strongly supports the origin of such materials from localities within or near the small modern municipality of Cunha in the Brazilian state of São Paulo (SP). The section of the modern road BR-459 connecting the city of Cunha, the seat of the municipality Cunha, and Paraty, a city on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, largely (at least three-quarters of it) traces the route of the XVIII century Estrada Real (Royal Road) that formed part of Vellozo's itinerary.
... However, the aforementioned deficiencies can be partially justified by the absence of a bibliography and scientific support at the time (Atala 1961, Leme 1998. Recently, several authors have contributed to the revision of Vellozo's names, including lectotypification and epitypification when needed (Cervi & Rodrigues 2010, Buzzato et al. 2013, Pastore 2013, Knapp et al. 2015, Pellegrini et al. 2015, Pellegrini & Carvalho 2016. ...
In the eighteenth century, José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo in his work Flora Fluminensis, sought to expand the floristic knowledge of Rio de Janeiro and surroundings. This was the first flora of Brazil written and edited by a native naturalist. However, the existence and location of the type material of species described in this work are not known. Furthermore, the protologues associated with the plates of some taxa are not descriptive enough. The nomenclatural revision of the two Vriesea species (basionym: Tillandsia) currently accepted, described in Vellozo’s Flora Fluminensis are presented here. Two epitypes, a new synonym and two excluded names are proposed. In addition, a brief taxonomic history, nomenclatural and taxonomic notes are presented.
... GeoCAT (Bachman et al., 2011) was used for calculating the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and the Area of Occurrence (AOO). The typification of Vellozo's names for Commelina followed the same methodology used by Pellegrini (2015), Pellegrini et al. (2015) and Pellegrini & Carvalho (2016). ...
A synopsis for the genus Commelina in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is presented here, including a new species, ten new synonyms, five designated lectotypes, two designated epitypes and an excluded name. Commelina huntii, a new species, is remarkable due to the combination of rusty to rusty-brown hairs at the margin of its leaf-sheaths, connate spathes, white flowers with auriculate medial petal, ovaries with sparse black papillae and dehiscent fruits. Additionally, we provide an identification key, illustrations, and conservation status for the species of Commelina recorded in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Our analysis of Vellozo's itineraries and his manuscript annotations show that ca. 1/4 of the names described in his Florae Fluminensis were based on plants collected in the municipality of Cunha, state of São Paulo. This region, within the Atlantic Forest domain, encompasses various vegetation formations, such as montane ombrophilous forests, mixed ombrophilous forests, and high-altitude open savanna enclaves. Using Vellozo's manuscripts, we traced his collecting itinerary, correlating his descriptive terms for the vegetation types to the toponyms and dates. In contrast to the term "maritimus", associated in Florae Fluminensis with the Atlantic Forest vegetation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the term "mediterraneus" is associated with the vegetation along the Royal Road (Estrada Real) in the region of Cunha, state of São Paulo and is usually related to the term "transalpinus" of the region of mountain-tops delimiting the border between the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Maps of Vellozo's itinerary, as well as a discussion of species names most likely described from the state of São Paulo are provided.
This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of Mayacaceae family species occurring in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The work is based on the morphological analysis of materials deposited in herbarium collections and field, as well as on a review of the relevant literature. Two species were recorded: Mayaca fluviatilis and M. sellowiana. Identification key, description, habitat data, and geographic distribution are also provided.
