Fig 1 - uploaded by Majid Aminzare
Content may be subject to copyright.
Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch plant (a) (Mandegari et al., 2012) and seeds (b). (Seeds were collected after flowers blooming and browning of seeds indicates maturation).
Source publication
Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch as a plant of the Apiaceae family grows in different regions of Asia such as Central Asia, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. This plant has significant medicinal, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties which indicate its high potential for use in the medicine and food industry. In traditional medicine, it...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... plant is called with different names throughout the world as "Great pignut", ''Black zire''," Black caraway", ''Carum carvi'', ''Persian Cumin'', "Zire kuhi", " Shah zira "," Kala Zeera", "Jira", "Wild caraway" and "wild cumin". B. Persicum (BP) has small (30 cm) to tall (80 cm) varieties which squeezed or expanded with large or small branches ( Figure 1a) (Mandegari et al., 2012;Sofi et al., 2009). Seeds of the plant are brown or dark brown called Zireh kuhi in Iran meaning wild cumin (Figure 1b) (Iacobellis et al., 2005). ...
Context 2
... Persicum (BP) has small (30 cm) to tall (80 cm) varieties which squeezed or expanded with large or small branches ( Figure 1a) (Mandegari et al., 2012;Sofi et al., 2009). Seeds of the plant are brown or dark brown called Zireh kuhi in Iran meaning wild cumin (Figure 1b) (Iacobellis et al., 2005). 1000 seeds of this plant weigh about 2 grams (Sofi et al., 2009). ...
Similar publications
Background
Zoonotic leishmaniosis, caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, is a public and animal health problem in Asia, Central and South America, the Middle East and the Mediterranean Basin. Several phlebotomine sand fly species from the subgenus Larroussius are vectors of L. infantum. Data from dogs living in endemic areas of leishmaniosis...
The Evaluating Eden project aimed to address three overall research questions: What has CWM achieved for wildlife and for people? How do social, political, economic and environmental factors influence the efficacy of CWM? And, what are the key characteristics of successful CWM and how can these be spread? This document summaries the overall conclus...
Additional energy demand is needed to accomplish the mega-projects of the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI). As energy consumption is one of the prime determinants of environmental degradation, the present study investigates the impact of energy inequalities on environmental degradation along with financial development. The entropy approach is applied t...
The genus Zoegea L. belongs to Asteraceae family and has about 10 species in the world. This genus is considered to be an Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean element and is distributed in southwestern and central Asia and in the central, southern, northwestern and southwestern parts of Iran as well. The subspecies classification of the genus is not co...
The search for a green and low-carbon economy has been a guide to current energy and environmental research. Using current panel cointegration approaches, our study examines the interaction between trade and an environmental pollution proxy of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by integrating economic growth and energy usage as major potential determin...
Citations
... One valuable species of Apiaceae is Kala zeera (Bunium persicum (Bioss.) B. Fedtsch.), which is widely distributed in Central and Western Asia and in some regions of Europe, North Africa, and South America (Hassanzadazar et al., 2018). The species is an herbaceous perennial with small white flowers and a height of 30 to 80 cm. ...
Bunium persicum is an important medicinal plant, but the requirements for seed dormancy break and germination are not well known. Based on available information, we hypothesized that seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and physiological dormancy (PD), and hence morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and that populations of this species may have different degrees of MPD which demand different germination requirements. In this study, we evaluated embryo growth in seeds from four B. persicum populations at different temperatures and tested germination at varying constant temperatures, with or without GA 3 and cold stratification. Seeds from the four populations had a fully differentiated, small, linear but underdeveloped embryo. The initial embryo‐to‐seed length ratio was 0.14–0.17, but it increased to 0.71–0.75 before germination at 5°C. Little embryo growth occurred at 15°C and no growth occurred at 25°C. GA 3 effectively increased germination percentages, replaced cold stratification, reduced the required period for cold stratification, and in combination with cold stratification increased the maximum temperature of germination. Therefore, seeds from the four populations have intermediate complex MPD. Additionally, the germination responses of seeds from the four populations to GA 3 , cold stratification, or both were different, suggesting variation in the degree of PD. Bunium persicum seeds developed in cool and wet conditions were more dormant than those developed under warm and dry conditions. Thus, we showed that different climates can affect the depth of PD in a species whose seeds have MPD, resulting in variation in the degree of intermediate complex MPD at the population level.
... Based on the results of numerous articles, black caraway has antioxidant, hypoglycemic, weight-reducing, antihypertensive, and antidyslipidemic properties. Possible mechanisms include (1) the reduction of ghrelin (appetite-stimulating hormone); (2) the reduction of production of visceral fat and, thereby lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in these tissues (by carvacrol) (28)(29)(30)(31). ...
Background: The prevalence of obesity has almost tripled since 1975, and obesity places a heavy economic burden on healthcare systems. There is a high tendency to use a variety of complementary medicine modalities for weight management among obese patients. Persian Medicine is an ancient medical school practiced for thousands of years in Iran. Found in reliable Iranian traditional resources, Komouni formulation (KF) is a compound medicine that can be effective in the treatment of obesity. It comprises black caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller), and ajwain (Trachyspemum ammi L.) Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of KF on anthropometric indices and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese women. Methods: This triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 70 overweight or obese women aged 20 - 40 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 - 34.9 kg/m2. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (each group n = 35) to receive a calorie-restricted diet with 2 g/day (500 mg 30 minutes before breakfast, 1000 mg 30 minutes before lunch, and 500 mg 30 minutes before dinner) KF or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, food intake, and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and after the intervention. Results: A total of 60 women (intervention = 30; placebo = 30) completed the trial. After the intervention, the KF group experienced a significant reduction in weight (-4.8 vs. -3.2 kg; P = 0.0001), BMI (-1.8 vs. -0.79 kg/m2; P = 0.0001), waist circumference (-5.28 vs. -3.20 cm; P = 0.004), hip circumference (-0.018 vs. -0.008 cm; P = 0.047), fasting blood sugar (-5.6 vs. 0.33; P = 0.025), and low-density lipoprotein (-11.7 vs. 6.7; P = 0.0001), compared to the placebo group. None of the patients in the intervention and placebo groups reported any side effects. Conclusions: Using KF, along with a calorie-restricted diet, can reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the efficacy of KF as a complementary therapy in obesity.
... Based on the results of numerous articles, black caraway has antioxidant, hypoglycemic, weight-reducing, antihypertensive, and antidyslipidemic properties. Possible mechanisms include (1) the reduction of ghrelin (appetite-stimulating hormone); (2) the reduction of production of visceral fat and, thereby lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in these tissues (by carvacrol) (28)(29)(30)(31). ...
Background
The prevalence of obesity has almost tripled since 1975, and obesity places a heavy economic burden on healthcare systems. There is a high tendency to use a variety of complementary medicine modalities for weight management among obese patients. Persian Medicine is an ancient medical school practiced for thousands of years in Iran. Found in reliable Iranian traditional resources, Komouni formulation (KF) is a compound medicine that can be effective in the treatment of obesity. It comprises black caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller), and ajwain (Trachyspemum ammi L.)
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the effects of KF on anthropometric indices and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese women.
Methods
This triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 70 overweight or obese women aged 20 - 40 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 - 34.9 kg/m². The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (each group n = 35) to receive a calorie-restricted diet with 2 g/day (500 mg 30 minutes before breakfast, 1000 mg 30 minutes before lunch, and 500 mg 30 minutes before dinner) KF or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, food intake, and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and after the intervention.
Results
A total of 60 women (intervention = 30; placebo = 30) completed the trial. After the intervention, the KF group experienced a significant reduction in weight (-4.8 vs. -3.2 kg; P = 0.0001), BMI (-1.8 vs. -0.79 kg/m²; P = 0.0001), waist circumference (-5.28 vs. -3.20 cm; P = 0.004), hip circumference (-0.018 vs. -0.008 cm; P = 0.047), fasting blood sugar (-5.6 vs. 0.33; P = 0.025), and low-density lipoprotein (-11.7 vs. 6.7; P = 0.0001), compared to the placebo group. None of the patients in the intervention and placebo groups reported any side effects.
Conclusions
Using KF, along with a calorie-restricted diet, can reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the efficacy of KF as a complementary therapy in obesity.
... γ-Terpinene is a very potent antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [67], especially Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria [68]. Lavender volatile oil compounds with antimicrobial character are α-pinene [65], eucalyptol [66], nerolidol [72], p-Cymene [73], β-caryophyllene, camphor [69], terpinen-4-ol [70], linalool [71], and linalyl acetate [74]. Studies have shown that nerolidol has potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [72]. ...
... Studies have shown that nerolidol has potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [72]. The antimicrobial character of volatile mint oil is provided by compounds such as α-pinene [65], β-myrcene, eucalyptol [66], eugenol [75,76], p-Cymene [73], γ-Terpinene [67,68], β-caryophyllene [69], pulegone [77], menthone [78], sabinene [79], and linalool [71]. Eugenol has been reported to have high antibacterial activity [75], inhibiting the growth of several test microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Salmonella typhi [76]. ...
The present study was designed to determine the changes in the chemical composition of kefir enriched with encapsulated volatile oils by enzymatic methods and the antimicrobial activity of volatile oils. Using encapsulated volatile oils (fennel, mint, and lavender) and cow’s milk, we created three different forms of kefir. To highlight the antiseptic capacity of the volatile oils, we performed their antimicrobial analysis on three types of molds (Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger) and one Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli). The technique used to determine antimicrobial activity was Kirby–Bauer. The changes in the chemical composition of kefir samples with encapsulated volatile oils were analyzed using enzymatic methods and were compared with a control sample of kefir. The main analyzed chemical compounds were lactose, D-glucose, D-galactose, acetic acid, ethanol, L-lactic acid, and L-glutamic acid. The kefir samples enriched with volatile oils obtained superior results compared to the control sample during the whole analysis period. The main advantage of using encapsulation is that the bioactive compounds of the volatile oils are gradually released in the kefir sample due to the protection provided by sodium alginate. As a result, products with high nutritional values were obtained that are beneficial to the consumer’s health and have a longer shelf life thanks to the volatile oils’ antimicrobial properties.
... Essential oils are natural preservatives that have acceptable antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Bunium persicum with vernacular name of Zireh siah, is a plant belong to Umbelliferae family that grows spontaneously in some parts of the world, such as Iran (12). Cheddar cheese is a pale yellow to off-white semi-hard British cheese that is very popular globally, and has a relatively long ripening period. ...
Introduction: Tyramine and Histamine, are two major biogenic amines that could be formed in different types of cheese. Methods: Bunium persicum essential oil (BPEO) in different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% (v/v)) was added to milk. The amount of biogenic amines (tyramine and histamine) was specified by reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) after extraction from the cheese. Different microbiological analyses (mesophilic lactobacilli, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, lactococci, enterococci, and yeasts) were performed during the ripening cheese. Results: The amounts of biogenic amines were lower in cheese samples containing 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% BPEO in comparison with control samples. Tyramine quantity increased from 8.90 mg/kg on started day up to 172.40 mg/kg on last day of ageing in the control group also the mean concentration of histamine was 6.31 mg/kg then reached to 41.16 mg/kg in the control samples at the end of study period. The most microbiological decrease was detected in yeasts, and the minimum microbiological decrease was observed in Enterobacteriaceae population. All the cheese samples were acceptable to the panelists. The increase of BPEO concentrations in cheese samples caused a further reduction in biogenic amines quantity and microbial population. Cheddar cheese sample with 0.2% BPEO demonstrated the highest acceptability and quality among all the cheese samples. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed Bunium persicum EO could be utilized as a reducing agent of biogenic amines, and a natural antimicrobial and flavoring agent in Cheddar cheese, for improving consumers' health
... B. persicum is also known as ''Persian Cumin'', "Shah Zira", "Jira", "Zire kuhi", ''Carum carvi'', "Black caraway", "Great pignut", "Kala Zeera", "wild cumin" and "Wild caraway" throughout the world (Bansal et al. 2021). Black Zira is an important medicinal plant in the food and pharmacology industries because of various chemical compounds such as phenolic acids, avonoids, and aldehydes, as well as a high content of mono-terpenes and sesquiterpenes existed in essential oil (Hassanzad Azar et al. 2018). B. persicum has the properties of restorative, diuretic, stimulants, fracture treatment, gastric ulcer treatment, fat reduction, anti-allergy, and carminatives; and proved very useful in treating diarrhea, dyspepsia, ureteric disorders, convulsion, and asthma (Shah et al. 2019). ...
Black Zira ( Bunium persicum ) is an important endemic medicinal plant in Iran. This research was conducted out to assay breaking seed dormancy, develop new protocols for callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, and artificial seed. Seeds were treated with ultrasonic waves in different periods (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 min). Then, two experiments with IBA (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L − 1 ) and a combination of different levels of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/l) and BAP (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/l) were designed. Different concentrations of sodium alginate (2, 3, and 4%) and CaCl 2 (50, 75, and 100 mM) were prepared for artificial seed production. According to the results, the 7 min ultrasonic waves had the maximum effect on germination (81.87%), while the highest negative effect on germination (2.5%) was reported from 9 min exposure time. In the IBA experiment, the highest percentages of callogenesis, callus weight, and adventitious root were obtained from MS medium containing 4 mg/l IBA. Moreover, 1 mg/l IBA resulted in the highest embryogenesis percentage. In the second experiment, the highest percentage of callus formation and callus weight were achieved in 1 mg/l BAP + 4 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l BAP + 4 mg/l 2,4-D, and 2 mg/l 2,4-D media. The maximum embryogenesis percentage was seen in 0.5 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l BAP + 2mg/l 2,4-D, and 1 mg/l 2,4-D media. The highest germination rate (77.77%) was obtained from encapsulated embryos with 3% sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl 2 .
... In Persian traditional medicine, it is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal (diarrhea and flatulence) and respiratory tract (asthma and orthopnea) disorders. It is also considered a potent analgesic and antiseptic agent [7,8]. Cuminaldehyde (4-isopropyl benzaldehyde) (Fig. 1c), an oxidized aldehyde monoterpene, is a major essential oil component in cumin seeds [9] which has been shown different promising medical effects, such as antitumor [10], antidiabetic [11], anti-inflammatory [12], antimalarial [13,14], and antimicrobial [15] activity, as well as antinociceptive, and neuroprotective effects [16,17]. ...
PurposeCuminaldehyde (CA), an oxidized aldehyde monoterpene, is a major essential oil component in cumin seeds, which has shown different promising medical effects. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the antileishmanial potential of Bunium persicum (Boiss) B. Fedtsch (Apiaceae) and one of its main essential oil constituents, CA, focus on the mechanisms of action.Methods
We used a molecular docking approach to examine the capability of CA for binding to IL-12P40 and TNF-α. The colorimetric assay was performed to assess the effect of B. persicum crude extract, essential oil, and CA, against Leishmania major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The expression of IFN-γ, IL-12P40, TNF-α, and IL-10 genes was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction qPCR.ResultsDocking analyses in the current study indicated CA binds to IL-12P40 and TNF-α. These products were safe, extremely antileishmanial, and significantly promoted Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12P40, TNF-α), while downregulating the Th2 phenotype (IL-10).Conclusion
Cumin essential oil and its major component, CA, possessed powerful antileishmanial activity. The primary mechanism of activity involves an immunomodulatory role toward Th1 cytokine response. Therefore, cumin essential oil and CA deserve further explorations as promising medications for treating leishmaniasis.
... This plant is popular as a spice [352]. The roots and seeds are used as spices that provide flavor to the food [360]. About 70% of the world's cumin is produced in India (725.42 thousand tons) [104]. ...
Medicinal or herbal spices are grown in tropical moist evergreen forestland, surrounding most of the tropical and subtropical regions of Eastern Himalayas in India (Sikkim, Darjeeling regions), Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, a few Central Asian countries, Middle East, USA, Europe, South East Asia, Japan, Malaysia, and Indonesia. According to the cultivation region surrounded, economic value, and vogue, these spices can be classified into major, minor, and colored tropical spices. In total, 24 tropical spices and herbs (cardamom, black jeera, fennel, poppy, coriander, fenugreek, bay leaves, clove, chili, cassia bark, black pepper, nutmeg, black mustard, turmeric, saffron, star anise, onion, dill, asafoetida, celery, allspice, kokum, greater galangal, and sweet flag) are described in this review. These spices show many pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and antioxidant activities. Numerous bioactive compounds are present in these selected spices, such as 1,8-cineole, monoterpene hydrocarbons, γ-terpinene, cuminaldehyde, trans-anethole, fenchone, estragole, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, piperine, linalool, malabaricone C, safrole, myristicin, elemicin, sinigrin, curcumin, bidemethoxycurcumin, dimethoxycurcumin, crocin, picrocrocin, quercetin, quercetin 4’-O-β-glucoside, apiol, carvone, limonene, α-phellandrene, galactomannan, rosmarinic acid, limonene, capsaicinoids, eugenol, garcinol, and α-asarone. Other than that, various spices are used to synthesize different types of metal-based and polymer-based nanoparticles like zinc oxide, gold, silver, selenium, silica, and chitosan nanoparticles which provide beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, enzyme retardation effect, and antimicrobial activity. The nanoparticles can also be used in environmental pollution management like dye decolorization and in chemical industries to enhance the rate of reaction by the use of catalytic activity of the nanoparticles. The nutritional value, phytochemical properties, health advantages, and both traditional and modern applications of these spices, along with their functions in food fortification, have been thoroughly discussed in this review
... [16] Several therapeutic effects are explained for this plant in traditional and modern medicine. B. persicum is used for treating gastrointestinal and urinary disorders such as stomatitis stimulant, flatulent indigestion, dyspeptic headache, relieve of heartburn, colic, and diarrhea as well as dyspepsia, hysteria, and for improving live [17] but still needs further research to isolate the specific phytoconstituent to target the specific chronic disease. [16] Despite a variety of phytochemical and experimental research on it, there is no considerable update on all related outcomes. ...
Background: Considering the side effects of common drugs used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), researchers have turned their attention to natural compounds, including medicinal plants. Foeniculum vulgare has estrogenic properties and has been traditionally used to treat gynecological disorders. Bunium persicum has medical aspects that have not yet been evaluated, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with these extracts on clinical symptoms of women with PCOS.
Materials and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, 70 women with PCOS referred to infertility clinics, were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received B. persicum capsule 60 mg plus F. vulgare capsule 25 mg) twice daily for 4 months and the control groups received routine intervention. Before and after the intervention, levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels, hirsutism score, and menstrual pattern were recorded and endometrial thickness and follicle count were determined by ultrasound. Data were analyzed by the SPSS21 software.
Results: Treatment with B. persicum and F. vulgare extracts significantly decreased LH and DHEAS levels, hirsutism score, and significantly increased menstrual duration compared to the control group. Before the intervention, 5.7% of the intervention and control groups had the normal menstrual pattern, while after the intervention 31.4% of the intervention group and 25.7% of the control group had the normal pattern.
Conclusion: Regarding the effect of these extracts combination and because they have no side-effects, which is a great advantage over chemical drugs, using of these plants recommend.
... Some essential oils come from plants that are already widely used in food, therefore studies tend to neglect their possible adverse effects. An example of this is B. persicum oil, which doesn't stimulate mayor concern about the toxicity due to its large use as flavoring compound in people's diet (Hassanzadazar et al. 2018), and although their low-toxic in rats, histological changes in kidney, lung and liver were demonstrated in a sub-acute assay (Tabarraei et al. 2019). ...
Essential oils are highly concentrated compounds extracted from plants that are frequently used for flavor and preservative properties due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Besides its large use, there is a lack of studies regarding its its safety as food ingredient. In this book chapter, we summarized the main essential oils used as food ingredient, describing its chemical composition, antioxidant activity and potential against food-borne pathogens, as well as studies reporting care in the safety of its use. In research using PubMed database with the keywords “essential oil”, “food”, and the list of oils Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by Food and Drug Association (FDA), the four oils with the highest research numbers were Origanum spp. (461), Thymus vulgaris (138), Citrus aurantium (113), and Rosmarinus officinalis (109). Most of the information available regarding safety are related to oral toxicity tests in laboratory animals. Overall, the data confirms most of the oils listed in GRAS as safety, although some of them have no data available or have study describing toxicity. This chapter highlights essential oils potential as natural alternative for increasing food shelf-life through multiple pathways of action, although clinical and toxicological studies can be improved.KeywordsEssential oilFoodAntimicrobialAntifungalAntioxidantToxicity
Origanum
Thymus vulgaris
Rosmarinus officinalis
Citrus aurantium
