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Flora of Oman
An updated Checklist of the Families, Genera and Species of the Flowering Plants of Oman
Families: 114Genera:
Taxa:
References
ACANTHACEAE
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 235 (1864) subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu, in J.H. Seyani & A.C. Chikuni (eds.) Proceed. XIII Plenary Meet. AETFAT, Zomba, Malawi 1991 1: 343 (1994).A. coromandeliana Nees var. micrantha Nees (1847).
Tropical and S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Comoros, Madagascar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., Denkshr. Akad. Wein. Math.-Nat. 71: 435 (1907).
Sceura marina Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Al Luhayyah, Forsskål 317 and Forsskål s.n, (BM, C, syn.).
Coastal Eastern Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula to Australia. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Barleria acanthoides Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 1: 47 (1790). –Type: Yemen, Forsskål 3779 (C, lecto.; K, photo).
North and Tropical east Africa, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Barleria argentea Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12(113): 86 (1883).
Somalia diffusa Oliv. (1886); Barleria diffusa (Oliv.) Lindau (1894).
Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Barleria candida Nees, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 240 (1847). –Type: Oman, Muscat, [Mascate], Aucher-Éloy 5223 G, K, P, W, syn.).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Barleria hochstetteri Nees Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 231 (1847).
Barleria aucheriana Nees (1847). –Type: Oman, Muscat, Aucher-Éloy 5222 (G, K, P, syn.).
North and Tropical east Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Kenya), Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Barleria proxima Lindau, Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 72 (1896).
Ethiopia, Djibouti, N Kenya. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Barleria samhanensis Knees, A.G.Miller & A.Patzelt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 64(1): 107 (2007). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Jabal Samhan, on cliffs and rocky outcrops on the headwaters of NW draining wadis, 1404 m, 25 ix 2006, A. Patzelt, I. Edwards, S.Knees, S. Laser, A. Miller, L. Morris & D. Rae 2688 (ON, holo.; E, K, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Barleria sp. A
Southern Oman, rocky slopes and on coastal cliffs on Jebal Qamar, near Khor Mughsayl; alt. ± 10 m. Not known elsewhere. Known only from a single gathering near Khor Mughsayl, Miller 2776 (E). It comes closest to Barleria sp. B in Flora Ethiopia (p. 413), but distinguishable in the characters of its axillary spines and in having larger flowers. This is a species to be formally named and described when more material becomes available.
Blepharis ciliaris (L.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 94 (1956).
Ruellia ciliaris L. (1767).
Arabian Peninsula, Palestine, Iran, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Blepharis scindica T.Anderson, J. Linn. Soc. 7: 36 (1863).
Blepharis edulis sensu T.Anderson (1867) non (Forssk.) Pers. (1806); B. linariifiolia sensu C.B.Clarke (1899), p.p.; Miller & Morris, Pl. Dhofar: 8 (1988).
Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India. Oman.
Blepharis dhofarensis A.G.Mill., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(1): 63 (1988). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Gerzid, 600 m (2000 ft.), 1895, J.T. Bent110 (K, holo.).
Regional endemic. Oman. Yemen.
Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) I.Darbysh., Kew Bull. 62(1): 122 (2007).
Dianthera paniculata Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Forsskål 385 (C, lecto.; K, microfiche 38: III 3–4).
Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt (1983).
Tropical and Subtropical Africa, from Cape Verde and Mauritiana east to Egypt and Ethiopia and south to Namibia and Zimbabwe, Arabia and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Dyschoriste dalyi A.G.Mill., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(1): 66 (1988). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Jebel Qara, c. 15 km SE of Jibjat, dry rocky wadi with Anogeissus dhofarica, Commiphora spp., 900 m, 30. ix 1979, Miller 2377 (E, holo.; K, ON, iso.)
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston, in Trimen, Hand-Book Fl. Ceylon 6. Suppl., 229 (1931).
Justicia viridis Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Wadi Sordud, 1763, Forsskål, s.n. (BM, lecto.).
NE tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Hypoestes forsskaolii (Vahl) R.Br., Voy. Abyss. [Salt] Append. 53 (1814), as 'forskålei'.
Justicia forskaolii Vahl (1790), as “forskalei”.
Tropical and southern Africa, NE Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Justicia areysiana Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 225 (1896). –Type: Yemen, Jebal Al-Areys (Bil Fodhli), Deflers 956 (P, holo.).
Bentia fruticulosa Rolfe (1894) non Justicia fruticulosa Lindau. –Type: Yemen, Lunt 221 (K, holo.); Justicia bentii V.A.W.Graham (1988). –Type as for Bentia fruticulosa Rolfe; J. calyculata sensu Ghazanfar (1992) non Deflers.
A regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Justicia heterocarpa T.Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 41 (1864).
Eastern tropical Africa, Egypt, Somalia, Ethiopia, tropical Arabia to Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra UAE, Yemen.
Justicia odora (Forssk.) Lam., Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 1(2): 629 (1785).
Dianthera odora Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Sordoud, 1753, Forsskål 384, (C, microfiche 38: III 1, 2).
S Africa, NE Tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Lepidagathis calycina Hochst. ex DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 252 (1847).
East and northern eastern Africa, Pakistan to Myanmar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Megalochlamys violacea (Vahl) Vollesen, Kew Bull. 44(4): 608 (1989).
Dianthera violacea Vahl (1790); Ecbolium violaceum (Vahl) Hillcoat & J.R.I.Wood (1983).
NE Tropical Africa, Kenya. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Meiosperma debile (Forssk.) I.Darbysh. & E.Tripp, Kew Bull. 77: 257 (2022).
http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77254330-1
Dianthera debilis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 9 (Forsskål 1775); Justicia debilis (Forssk.) Vahl (1791: 15); Gendarussa debilis (Forssk.) Nees (1842: 302); Monechma debile (Forssk.) Nees (1847: 411). Type: Yemen,“Tais”, Forsskål herb. 391 [microfiche 38: II. 3–4] (lectotype C [C10013032], selected by Wood et al., Kew Bull. 83: 444 (1983).
Africa: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania. Asia: Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen.
Neuracanthus robecchii (Lindau) C.B.Clarke, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5(1): 140 (1899).
Leucobarleria robecchii Lindau (1896).
subsp. atratus Bidgood & Brummitt, Kew Bull. 53(1): 67 (1998)
E Ethiopia, Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Neuracanthus spinosus Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 222 (1896). –Type: Yemen, Deflers 383 (P, lecto.; G, isolecto.).
A regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Rostellularia diffusa (Willd.) Nees, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 371 (1847).
Justicia diffusa Willd. (1797).
Eritrea to Ethiopia, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent to S China and Indo-China, Taiwan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ruellia carnea Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 85 (1884).
NE Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Ruellia discifolia Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 16: t. 1511 (1886) et in F.L. James, Unkn. Horn of Afr., Append. 321, t. 2 (1888).
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ruellia forsskolii Thulin, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 38: 142 (2016).
R. grandiflora (Forssk.) Blatter; R. longiflora Vahl.
This a distinct species found in Yemen, Saudi Arabia which has leaves ± similar to R.discifolia, but are not as grey-green, and has much longer corolla tube to 10 cm. This species has been recorded from Dhofar. The record needs confirmation.
Ruellia patula Jacq., Misc. Austriac. [Jacquin] 2: 358 (1781).
Tropical and S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Ruellia prostrata Poir., Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 6(1): 349 (1804).
Angola and eastern Africa to South Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Arabian Peninsula, India, Sri Lanka and South Pacific Islands. Oman, Yemen.
Ruellia linearibracteolata Lindau, Ann. Ins. Bot. Roma 6: 70
Dipteracanthus longifolius Stocks (1852); Ruellia sindica Ghafoor & Heine (1986).
NE Tropical Africa to Kenya, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan. Yemen, Oman.
Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 470 (1847).
Justicia pectinata L. (1756); Rungia parviflora (Retz.) Nees (1832).
S Arabian Peninsula, Tropical & Subtropical Asia. Oman, Yemen.
Ruttya fruticosa Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20(1–2): 45 (1894).
Eastern tropical Africa (Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania). Oman, Yemen.
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AIZOACEAE
Aizoanthemopsis hispanica (L.) Klak, Taxon 66(5): 1165 (2017).Aizoon hispanicum L. (1753); Aizoanthemum hispanicum (L.) H.E.K.Hartmann (2001)
Iraq, Iran, N Africa, Palestine, Jordan, Spain, Italy. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Aizoon canariense L., Sp. Pl.: 488 (1753).
Glinus chrystallinus Forssk. (1775).
Tropical and N Africa, Arabia, Palestine, Jordan, Canary Islands, Iraq, Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L., Sp. Pl. 481 (1753).
Chlorophytum nodiflorum L. (1753).
Cape Provinces, N Africa, Arabia through Syria to Iran, Turkey Mediterranean region. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Trianthema portulacastrum L., Sp. Pl.: 223 (1753).
Trianthema monogyna L. (1767).
A pantropical weed; tropical America, W Asia, Sri Lanka, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Trianthema triquetrum Willd., Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 181 (1803).
N Africa, SW Asia from Iran to Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Zaleya pentandra (L.) C.Jeffery, Kew Bull. 14 (2): 238 (1960).
Triathema pentandra L. (1767).
Tropical Africa, Palestine, Madagascar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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AMARANTHACEAE
Achyranthes aspera L., Sp. Pl.: 204 (1753).Achyranthes aspera var. indica L. (1753); A. indica L. (1768).
Tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen. Also found in.
Aerva artemisioides Vierh. & O.Schwartz subsp. batharitica A.G.Mill., Edinburgh J. Bot. 51 (1): 35 (1994). – Type. Oman, Dhofar, A.G. Miller 6421 (E, holo.; K, KUTH, ON, UPS, iso.).
Endemic to Oman.
Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg. ed. 15, 5: 565 (1819).
Iresine javanica Burm.f. (1768); Aerva tomentosa Forssk. (1775); Achyranthes javanica (Burm.f.) Pers. (1805).
Drier tropics of the Old World. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra Yemen.
Agriophyllum minus Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 170 (1839).
Agriophyllum montasirii El-Gazzar (1988).
Iran and Iraq to C Asia. Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 59 (1884).
Native to S America, introduced into the Old World. Cultivated and found as an escape. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Alternanthera pungens Kunth, Nova Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 206 (1818).
Native of tropical America, naturalized and widespread in the tropics and subtropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Amaranthus dubius Mart ex Thell., Fl. Advent. Montpellier: 38: 203 (1912).
Tropical regions of the world. Oman.
Amaranthus graecizans L., Sp. Pl.: 990 (1753).
Warm temperate and tropical regions of the Old World. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Several subspecies are recognized based on the length of leaves and shape of the perianth segments. Miller & Cope (1996) recognize three subspecies: A. graecizans subsp. thellungianus (Nevski) Gusev (1972), in which the perianth segments are aristate, and the leaves linear to rhombic-spatulate, A. graecizans subsp. graecizans, in which the perianth segments are mucronate and the leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong, and A. graecizans subsp. silvestris (Villars) Heukels (1934), in which the perianth segments are mucronate and the leaves elliptic to broadly ovate.
Amaranthus hybridus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 990 (1753).
A cosmopolitan weed of warm and temperate places. Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Amaranthus sparganiocephalus Thell., in Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. v. 312 (1914), in obs.
E and NE tropical Africa. Oman, Soqotra Yemen.
Amaranthus viridis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1405 (1763).
Amaranthus gracilis Desf. (1804).
Pantropical. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Anabasis setifera Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 164 (1840).
Salsola setifera (Moq.) Akhani (2007) nom. illegit.
SW Asia, Egypt. Bahrain, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Arthrocaulon macrostachyum (Moric.) Piirainen & G.Kadereit, Taxon 66(1): 123 (2017).
Salicornia macrostachya Moric. (1820); S. glauca Del. (1813) non Stokes (1812); Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K.Koch, Hort. Dendrol. 96, no. 3 (1853); Arthrocnemum glaucum Ung.-Sternb. (1876).
S Portugal, Spain, N Africa, E Mediterranean to Iran and Pakistan. Bahrain, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Atriplex farinosa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 123 (1775).
Atriplex hastata Forssk. (1775), non L.
NE tropical Africa, Jordan, Egypt. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Atriplex leucoclada Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 12: 95 (1853).
Atriplex inamoena Aellen (1939).
Iran, Palestine, Egypt, Syria, Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Atriplex stocksii Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 2, 4: 73 (1859).
A. griffithii var. stocksii (Boiss.) Boiss. (1879); A. sokotranum Vierh. (1903); A. griffithii Moq. subsp. stocksii (Boiss.) Boulos (1991).
NE Africa, Pakistan (Sind). Oman, Soqotra Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Bassia muricata (L.) Aschers. & Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 1: 187 (1867).
Salsola muricata L. (1767); Kochia muricata (L.) Schrad. (1809).
N & NE Africa, SW Asia eastwards to Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Beta maritima L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 322 (1762).
Beta vulgaris L. (1753); B. vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. (1882).
W Europe, Mediterranean region, W Asia and Sri Lanka. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Caroxylon cyclophyllum (Baker) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168(6): 947 (2007).
Salsola cyclophylla Baker (1894).
From Egypt to Iraq, Sudan, Ethiopia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.) Moq., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 177 (1849).
Salsola imbricata Forssk. (1775); Chenopodium baryosmon Schult. ex Roem & Schult. (1820); Caroxylon foetidum Moq. (1849); Salsola baryosma (Roem. & Schult.) Dandy (1950); Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.) Akhani & Roalson (2007).
N and E Africa, Arabia eastwards to India and northwards to Syria. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Caroxylon spinescens (Moq.) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168(6): 948 (2007).
Salsola spinescens Moq. (1849).
NE Africa. Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Celosia argentea L., Sp. Pl.: 205 (1753).
A pantropical weed of cultivation. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Celosia trigyna L., Mant. Pl. Altera 212 (1771).
Tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Chenopodium album L., Sp. Pl.: 219 (1753).
Cosmopolitan. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Chenopodium vulvaria L., Sp. Pl.: 220 (1753).
Europe, N Africa and Asia; introduced into N America, Australia and New Zealand. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen(N).
Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, Willdenowia, 42(1): 14 (2012).
Chenopodium murale L. (1753).
Cosmopolitan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Cornulaca aucheri Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 163 (1840).
Cornulaca leucacantha Charif & Aellen (1950).
Iraq, Iran, and from Baluchistan to Afghanistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Cornulaca monacantha Delile., Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 206 (1813).
Cornulaca arabica Botsch. (1969).
Western tropical and N Africa, SW Asia eastwards to Pakistan. Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Digera muricata (L.) Mart., Nova Acta Ohys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Nat. Curi. 13: 285 (1826).
Achyranthes muricata L. (1762); Digera arvensis Forssk. (1775).
Widespread in Asia, S, C and E tropical Africa and Madagascar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pallas) M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 3 (1819).
Salicornia strobilacea Pallas (1771).
Mediterranean region, eastwards to C Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Halopeplis perfoliata (Forssk.) Bunge ex Schweinf & Asch., Fl. Aethiop. 289, nomen; et ex Ung.-Sternb in Ati. Congr. Bot. Firenze, 874, 329 (1876).
Salicornia perfoliata Forssk. (1775).
Palestine eastwards to S and SW Pakistan. Bahrain, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Halothamnus bottae Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 2(14-16): 50, t. 136 (1845).
Caroxylon bottae (Jaub. & Spach) Moq. (1849); Salsola bottae (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. (1879).
Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula where it is found in Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen (N and S), UAE.
Hammada salicornica (Moq.) Ilgin, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948).
Caroxylon salicornicum Moq (1849); Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: 949 (1879).
N Africa, Egypt, Arabia, Iraq to Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Kaviria rubescens (Franch.) Akhani, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168(6): 948 (2007).
Salsola rubescens Franch. (1882); S. hadramautica Baker (1894); S. leucophylla Baker (1894).
Somalia. Oman, UAE, Yemen(S).
Psilotrichum virgatum C.C.Town., Kew Bull. 35(2): 377 (1980).
Somalia, NE Africa, India. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen(S).
Pupalia lappacea (L.) A.Juss., Ann. Mus. Par. I2, 132 (1803).
Achyranthes lappacea L. (1753); Pupalia velutina Moq. (1849); P. lappacea (L.) A.Juss. var. velutina (Moq.) Hook.f. (1885).
Throughout the Old World tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Salsola drummondii Ulbr. Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 16c: 265 (1934).
Salsola obpyrifolia Botsch & Akhani (1989).
E Arabian Peninsula, S Iran, Pakistan and India. Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Salsola omanensis Boulos, Kew Bull. 46(2): 297, t. 1 (1991). – Type: Oman, Dhofar, cliffs above Schuaimiyah, 27.ix.1984, Miller 6409 (E, holo.; K, ON, iso.).
Endemic to Oman.
Salsola schweinfurthii Solms-Laub., Bot. Zeitung. 2, Abt. 59: 173, in obs. (1901).
Egypt, Palestine, Jordan. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Sevada schimperi Moq., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (2): 154 (1849).
Suaeda schimperi (Moq.) Martelli (1888); Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. var. puberula C.B.Clarke (1909).
NE Tropical Africa, Egypt. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 635 (1957).
Chenopodium aegyptiacum Hasselq. (1757); Suaeda hortensis Forssk. ex J.F. Gmelin (1791); Suaeda baccata Forssk. ex J.F. Gmelin (1791); Schanginia hortensis (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmelin) Moq (1840); Schanginia baccata (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmelin) Moq. (1840); Schanginia aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Aellen (1964).
NE tropical Africa, Cyprus, Arabia to Pakistan; naturalized in S Australia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. in Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: 798 (1776).
Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. in Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: 798 (1776); S. vermiculata Forssk. (1775) nom. inval. (generic name validated in 1776); S. vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 1791, 2: 503 (1791); Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. (1791); S. paulayana Vierh. (1903); S. volkensii C.B. Clarke (1909).
Macaronesia, S. Medit. to Sahara and Arabian Peninsula, India, Sri Lanka. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Soqotra, Yemen.
Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis]. 2(1): 503 (1791).
Eastern Africa, Cape Verde Islands, Egypt to Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Suaeda moschata A.J.Scott, Kew Bull. 36(3): 558 (1981). – Type: Oman, Dhofar, 45 km N of Salalah, 6 Oct. 1977, Radcliffe-Smith 3538 (K, holo.).
Endemic to Oman.
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AMARYLLIDACEAE
Pancratium maximum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 72 (1775).Sudan and SW Arabia. Oman, Yemen.
Crinum zeylanicum (L.) L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 236 (1767).
Native of tropical Asia, introduced to several warm regions. Cultivated in Oman.
ANACARDIACEAE
Lannea malifolia (Chiov.) Sacleux, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 1934, Ser. Ll. Vi. 453, in obs., 454, in clavi.Odina malifolia Chiov. (1929).
NE Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?Yemen.
Pistacia falcata Becc. ex Martelli, Fl. Bogos. 24 (1886).
Ethiopia to Somalia and SW Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Searsia aucheri (Boiss.) Moffett, Bothalia 37(2): 167 (2007).
Rhus aucheri Boiss. (1843). –Type: Oman, reg. Mascat, Aucher-Éloy 4324 (K, G, P, syn.).
Endemic to northern Oman; expected to occur the UAE.
Searsia gallagheri (Ghaz.) Moffett, Bothalia 37(2): 168 (2007).
Rhus gallagheri Ghaz. (2002). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, hills above Sharbitat, 190 m, 24 December 1986, MP Hughes & MD Gallagher 7895/2 (K, holo., E, ON, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Searsia retinorrhoea Steud. ex Oliv., 37(2): 172 (2007).
Rhus retinorrhoea Steud. ex Oliv. (1847).
SW Arabia. Oman, (Yemen).
Searsia somalensis (Engl.) Moffett 37(2): 172 (2007).
Rhus somalensis Engl. (1892).
Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
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APIACEAE
Adenosciadium arabicum (T.Anders.) H.Wolff, Pflanzenr. [Engler], Umbellif.-Apioid.-Ammin.365 (1927).
Ptychotis arabica T.Anders. (1860).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Ammi majus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 243 (1753).
Macronesia, Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula, Turkey Iran; naturalized in Africa and Americas.
Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Apium graveolens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 264 (1753).
Tropical and temperate regions. Wild celery. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 1: 341 (1844).
Zozimia anethifolia DC. (1830), non Link.
Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia; expected to occur in UAE.
Pimpinella etbaica Schweinf., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 667 (1886).
Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia. Oman.
Pimpinella schweinfurthii Aschers., Verh. Bot. Brand. 21: 67 (1880).
Egypt. Oman, Yemen.
Pycnocycla prostrata Hedge & Lammond, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37(1): 62 (1978). Type: Northern Oman, Birkat Sahfan, Mandaville 6624 (BM, holo., ON, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Pycnocycla aucheriana Decne. ex Boiss., Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, 2: 88 (1844). var. aucheriana.
Iran, Pakistan, Oman. Oman, UAE.
Pycnocycla caespitosa Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss., Fl . Orient. [Boissier] 2: 953 (1872).
Iran. Oman, UAE.
Scandix pecten-veneris L., Sp. Pl.: 256 (1753).
Scandix persica Mart. (1837).
W & C Europe, N Africa, SW Asia east to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?Yemen.
Torilis stocksiana (Boiss.) Drude Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 3(8): 156 (1898);
Caucalis stocksiana Boiss. (1859).
Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, to Caucasus. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?Yemen.
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APOCYNACEAE
Bruyns et al. (2017) followed here, expanded the circumscription of Ceropegia to include Brachystelma and the succulent stapeliads in Ceropegia.Bruyns, P.V., Klak, C. and Hanáček, P., 2017. A revised, phylogenetically-based concept of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae). S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 399–436.
1. Gynostegium absent; coronal structure absent; anthers with usually sterile basal portions and lignified margins; pollen shed as monads Apocynoideae:
- Adenium, Carissa, Nerium, Rhazya
- Gynostegium present; coronal structure present; pollen shed as tetrads or aggregated into pollinia (2 per locule) 2
- Staminal filaments fused to form a tube; anther margins lignified; pollen aggregated into pollinia (1 per locule) Asclepiadoideae: Calotropis, Ceropegia, Cibirhiza, Glosonema, Gomphocarpus, Leptadenia, Pergularia, Pentatropis, Sarcostemma
Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. Ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 411 (1819).
Nerium obesum Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Melham, Forsskål 235 (C, holo.).
Tropical East Africa and from Senegal to Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2 [W.T. Aiton] 2: 78 (1811).
Asclepias procera Ait. (1789).
Subtropical Africa and SW Asia. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Carissa spinarum L., Mant. Pl. Altera 559 (1771).
Antura Forssk. (1775) without epithet. –Type: Yemen, Mt Hadie, Forsskål 234 (C, holo.; BM, S, iso.); Carissa edulis Vahl. (1790).
Tropical Africa (from Senegal to Somalia, Sudan to South Africa and Namibia), Madagascar, tropical Asia and Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ceropegia L.
Bruyns, Klak & Hanáček (2017) in their revision of Ceropegia L. show that the highly succulent stapeliads and species of Brachystelma R.Br. ex Sims are nested within Ceropegia. In establishing the monophyly of Ceropegia, they have proposed a new classification, placing Brachystelma and all genera of the stapeliads in an expanded Ceropegia (717 species in 63 sections) found in Macaronesia, Africa, southern Europe, Arabian Peninsula, southern Iran, Afghanistan to SE Asia, Himalaya to China to northern Australia, Madagascar.
Sections of Ceropegia and their respective species in Oman
- Section Phalaena subsect. Junceae: C. botrys K.Schum.
- Section Esculentae: C. bulbosa Roxb.
- Section Desmidorchis: C. adenensis (Deflers) Bruyns, C. arabensis Bryuns, C. awdeliana (Deflers) Bruyns, C. flava (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, C. hexagona (Lavranos) Bruyns, C. impostor (Jonkers) Bruyns, C. lavrani (Rauh & Wertel) Bruyns, C. penicillata (Deflers) Bruyns, C. retrospiciens (Ehrenb.) Bruyns
- Section Caudanthera: C. edulis (Edgew.) Bruyns
- Section Edithcolea: C. quadrangula (Forssk.) Bryuns
- Section Rhytidocaulon: C. fulleri ( Lavranos & Mortimer) Bruyns
- Section Echidnopsis subsect Vadosciocoronae: C. scutellata (Deflers) Bruyns, subsp. dhofarensis (Bruyns) Bruyns
- Section Anomalluma: C. maccoyi (Lavranos & Mies) Bruyns
- Section Orbea: C. luntii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, C. wissmannii (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns
Ceropegia botrys K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. 33: 328 (1903).
Ceropegia mansuriana Chaudhary & Lavranos (1985). –Type: Saudi Arabia, Abu Arish, Chaudhary 900A (E; RIY).
Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Not common, but perhaps over-looked due to its overall similarity to C. bulbosa and not collected; known from at least 4 localities in Dhofar (see Collenette in Asklepios 83: 20, 2001).
Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1(1): 11, t. 7 (1795).
C. vignaldiana A.Richard (1851).
Northeast Africa (type from Somalia), Arabia, India and Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ceropegia adenensis (Deflers) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 413 (2017).
Boucerosia adenensis Deflers (1896). –Type: Yemen, Aden peninsula, Scham-Scham Mt., Deflers 65 & 518; Wadi Abyad, near Schoukra, Deflers 506, 863, 917, 1019; Mt Heys, Deflers 1163 (P, syn.).
Caralluma adenensis (Deflers) A.Berger, Stapel. & Klein. 79 (1910); Caralluma kalmbacheriana Lavranos (1965); Caralluma rauhii Lavranos (1965); Crenulluma adenensis (Deflers) Plowes (1995); Crenulluma kalmbacheriana (Lavranos) Plowes (1995); Crenulluma rauhii (Lavranos) Plowes (1995); Desmidorchis adenensis (Deflers) Meve & Liede (2002).
Oman, Yemen.
Caralluma arabica N.E.Br. (1895). –Type: Yemen (S), Wadi Raida, near Saihut, Hirsch 28 (K, holo.); Crenulluma arabica (N.E.Br.) Plowes (1995); Desmidorchis arabica (N.E.Br.) Meve & Liede, (2002) (as “arabicus”).
Oman, ?Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Boucerosia awdeliana Deflers (1896). –Type. Yemen, Nakha Mt., close to Bilad Awdeli, Deflers 485 (P, holo.); Caralluma awdeliana (Deflers) A.Berger, Stapel. & Klein. 81 (1910); Crenulluma awdeliana (Deflers) Plowes (1995); Desmidorchis awdeliana (Deflers) Meve & Liede (2002).
Oman, Yemen, but not recorded by Wood (Fl. Yemen: 1997).
Ceropegia edulis (Edgew.) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 413 (2017).
Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. & Hook.f. (1876);
Boucerosia edulis Edgew. (1862); Boucerosia stocksiana Boiss. (1879); Cryptolluma edulis (Edgew.) Plowes (1995); Caudanthera edulis (Edgew.) Meve & Liede (2002).
N Africa, through Arabia to SW Pakistan (Baluchistan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Caralluma flava N.E.Br. (1894). – Type: Yemen, Hadhramaut (Hadrhamaut), Wadi Hadiea, Lunt 184 (K, holo.); Crenulluma flava (N.E.Br.) Plowes (1995); Desmidorchis flava (N.E.Br.) Meve & Liede (2002); Desmidorchis tardellii Mosti & Raffaelli (2004). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Raysut, 30 m, 16 Sep. 2003, m; fl. Raffaelli, Tardelli & S. Mosti s.n. (FT, holo.).
Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Ceropegia fulleri ( Lavranos & Mortimer) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 414 (2017).
Rhytidocaulon fulleri Lavranos & Mortimer (1970). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, 14 Nov. 1963, 3000 ft., A.B.I. Fuller in Fuller & Lavranos 7133 (PRE, holo.).
Oman, Yemen.
Ceropegia macroloba (Lavranos) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 414 (2017).
Rhytidocaulon macrolobum Lavranos (1967).
Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ceropegia hexagona (Lavranos) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 413 (2017).
Caralluma hexagona Lavranos (1963). −Type: Yemen, Audhali Plateau, 3 miles S of Al Madhan, Lavranos 1829 (K, holo.; PRE, iso.).
Caralluma foulcheri-delboscii Lavranos (1964); Caralluma shadbhana Lavranos (1977); Sulcolluma hexagona (Lavranos) Plowes (1995); Monolluma hexagona (Lavranos) Meve & Liede (2002).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ceropegia impostor (Jonkers) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 413 (2017).
Desmidorchis impostor Jonkers, Bradleya 28: 76 (2010). –Type: Oman, Wadi Mistal, 400 m, 29 Sep. 1989, Jonkers 76 (ON holo. (in spirit).
Endemic. Oman.
Caralluma lavrani Rauh & Wertel in Kakt. and. Sukk. 16: 62 (1965); Desmidorchis lavranii (Rauh & Wertel) Meve & Liede (2002).
A regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Ceropegia luntii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 427 (2017).
Orbea luntii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns (2001; dated 2000); Caralluma luntii N.E.Br. (1894). –Type. Yemen, Hadhramaut (Hadramawt), hills near Dobaibah, Feb. 1894, Lunt 209 (K, holo.).
Pachycymbium luntii (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert (1990); Angolluma luntii (N.E.Br.) Plowes (1994).
A regional endemic; Oman, Yemen
Ceropegia maccoyi (Lavranos & Mies) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 414 (2017)
Pseudolithos mccoyi Lavranos & Mies (2001). – Type. Oman, Dhofar, near Mirbat, 80 m, T. McCoy 2305 (MO, holo.); Anomalluma mccoyi (Lavranos & Mies) Meve & Liede (2002).
Oman, Yemen.
Ceropegia penicillata (Deflers) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 413 (2017).
Boucerosia penicillata Deflers (1889); Caralluma penicillata (Deflers) N.E.Br. (1892).
Desmidorchis penicillata (Deflers) Plowes (1995).
Distributed in NE Africa and Southern Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ceropegia quadrangula (Forssk.) Bryuns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 412 (2017).
Stapelia quadrangula Forssk. (1775). −Type: lecto(icono) type designated by Gilbert, 1990 of Forsskål 1776: Icon. Rer. Nat., t. 6; Boucerosia quadrangula (Forssk.) Decne (1844); Caralluma quadrangula (Forssk.) N.E.Br. (1892); Echidnopsis quadrangula (Forssk.) Deflers (1896); Desmidorchis quadrangula (Forssk.) Gilbert & Raynal (1980); Monolluma quadrangula (Forssk.) Plowes (1995).
Oman, Saudi Arabia,Yemen.
Desmidorchis retrospiciens Ehrenb. (1831); Desmidorchis acutangula Decne. (1838). –Type: Senegambia (P, destroyed; Mali, de Wally 4872 (P, Neo.); Boucerosia acutangla (Decne.) Decne. (1844); Boucerosia russeliana Brongn. (1860); Caralluma acutangla (Decne.) N.E.Br. (1892); Caralluma retrospiciens (Ehrenb.) N.E.Br. (1892); Caralluma retrospiciens Ehrenb. ex N.E.Br. subsp. tombuctuensis (A.Cheval.) A.Cheval. (1934); Caralluma retrospiciens Ehrenb. ex N.E.Br. var. acutanganla (Decne.) White & Sloane (1937); Caralluma russeliana (as russelliana) (Brongn.) Cufod. (1969).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ceropegia scutellata (Deflers) Bruyns, subsp. dhofarensis (Bruyns) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 418 (2017).
Echidnopsis scutellata subsp. dhofarensis Bruyns (1988). – Type. Oman, Dhofar, on road from Thamrait to Salalah, Agabat al Hatab, 700 m, 4 Oct. 1979, A.G Miller 2811 (E, holo.); Echidnopsis yemenensis Plowes (1993); Echidnopsis globosa Thulin & Hjerson (1995).
Ceropegia wissmannii (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns, S. Afr. J. Bot. 112: 428 (2017).
Caralluma wissmannii O.Schwartz. (1939.); Orbea wissmannii var. parviloba Bruyns (2001). −Type: Yemen, Jebel Raymah, 21 Mar.1984, Miller & King 5336 (E, holo.); Orbea parviloba (Bruyns) Meve (2009; comb. illeg. Art. 11.2); Orbea nardii Raffaelli, Mosti & Tardelli (2008). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, coastal road beyond Al Mughsayl, 10 Sep. 2002 m; fl. Raffaelli, Tardelli, S. Mosti s.n. (FT, holo.).
Oman, Yemen.
Cibirhiza dhofarensis Bruyns, Notes Roy. Bot .Gard. Edinburgh 45(1): 51 (1988). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, cliff tops of Ras Hamar, 15 km W of Salalah, 18 Sept. 1985, A.G. Miller 7525 (E, holo., K, ON, OXF, UPS, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Glossonema varians (Stocks) Benth. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India [J.D. Hooker] 4(10): 16 (1883).
Mastostigma varians Stocks (1851). –Type from Persia and Baluchistan; Glossonema edule N.E.Br. (1895). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, at foot of the mountains, J.T. Bent 175 (K, holo.); G. arabicum Deflers (1896).
Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton, Hort. Kew [W.T. Aiton] ed. 2, 2: 80 (1811) subsp. setosus (Forssk.) Goyder & Nichlos, Kew Bull. 56(4): 787 (2001).
Asclepias fruticosa L. (1753); Asclepias setosa Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Al Hayiyah, Forsskål 264 (holotype C); Gomphocarpus setosus (Forssk.) R.Br. ex Schult. (1820).
Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne., Ann. Sc. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 9: 269 (1838).
Cynanchum pyrotechnicum Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Wadi Mawr (“Mor”), Forsskål, type not traced.
Tropical Africa, eastwards through Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan to Pakistan and Sind. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Nerium oleander L., Sp. Pl. 1: 209 (1753).
N. odorum Soland (1789); N. mascatense A.DC. (1844).
Northern Africa and the Mediterranean region to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen; also cultivated.
Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.) Sm., Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) 25: [sine page no.] Oxystelma sp. no. 1 (1813); Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 89 (1820).
Periploca esculenta L.f. (1782) (1781 publ. Apr 1782).
Tropical and subtropical Asia, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Pentatropis bentii (N.E.Br.) Liede, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 114(1): 91 (1994).
Strobopetalum bentii N.E.Br. (1894). –Type: Yemen, T.J. Bents’s Hadramaut Expedition 1893–94, Chail-bawazis, 1.2. 1894, No. 229 (K, holo.).
Somalia.Oman, Yemen.
Pentatropis nivalis (G.F.Gmel.) D.V.Field & J.R.I.Wood, Kew Bull. 38: 215 (1983).
Asclepias nivea Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Forsskål 272 (C, holo.); Asclepias forskaolii Schult. (1820).
Africa, Mediterranean east from Arabia to Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen. Plants growing near coasts tend to have succulent leaves, and can be confused with the P. bentii.
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov., Res. Sci. Somalia Ital. 1: 115 (1916).
Asclepias daemia Forssk. (1775).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Pergularia tomentosa L., Mant. Pl. 53 (1767).
Northern Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula to SW Pakistan. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Periploca aphylla Decne., Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4(Bot.): 109, t. 116 (1844).
N Africa to W Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Periploca visciformis (Vatke) K.Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 4, 2: 216 (1895).
Leptadenia visciformis Vatke (1876); Socotora visciformis (Vatke) Bullock (1955). −Type: Somalia, Hildebrandt 1432 (BM, holo.); Socotora aphylla Balf.f. (1883).
Somalia, Ethiopia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Raphionacme arabica A.G.Miller & Biagi, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(1): 61 (1988). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, 10 km E of Taqah, 11 Jan. 1985, I.M. McLeish 480 (E, holo.).
Regional endemic; Oman, SE Yemen.
Rhazya stricta Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 4: 80 (1835).
Throughout Arabia, extending from southern Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan to NW India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 464 (1810).
Euphorbia viminale L. (1753).
- subsp. stipitaceum (Forssk.) Meve & Liede, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120(1): 32 (1996).
Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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ARACEAE
Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 40 (1860).Ethiopia to western China. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Remusatia vivipara Schott in Schott & Endlich., Melet. Bot.: 18 (1832).
Tropical Asia, Africa and Madagascar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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ARECACEAE (Palmae)
Nannorrhops ritchieana (Griffith) Aitch., J. Linn. Soc. 19: 187 (1882).Arabia to northwest India. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Phoenix dactylifera L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1188 (1753).
Native to the Arabian Peninsula, cultivated throughout the warm regions of the world.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam., Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 1(1): 258 (1783).Aristolochia bracteata Retz. (1788).
E and NE Africa, westwards to Nigeria; Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan, India and Myanmar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Hydnora abyssinica A.Braun, Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth]: 217 (1867).
H. johannis Becc. (1871); H. africana sensu auctt. Milller & Morris (1988), Musselman in Fl. Somalia (1993).
Tropical east Africa. Oman.
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ASPARAGACEAE
Asparagus capitatus subsp. gracilis Browicz in Fl. Iran. 165: 175 (1990).Asparagus gracilis Royle ex Baker (1875) nom. illegit.
Northern Oman to eastern Afghanistan and western Himalayas. Oman.
Asparagus africanus Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 1: 295 (1783).
NE Africa to South Africa and from Arabia to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Asparagus racemosus Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 152 (1799).
Tropical Africa, through to India and Nepal; also found in Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Asparagus sp. A. Type. Oman, Dhofar, Ayun rd., 10 km W of turnoff from Salalah to Thamrait road, gravelly wadi bed, 700 m, 5 Oct. 1979, Miller 2571 (E; K).
Likely to be endemic to Dhofar.
This taxon is clearly a new species coming closest to A. stipularis (which is dioecious), but lacking the rigid spine-tipped cladodes.
Chlorophytum laxum R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 277 (1810).
Chlorophytum laxiflorum Baker (1876).
NE tropical Africa (Chad, Ethiopia) and from India to western Malesia and northern Australia. Oman, Yemen.
Dipcadi biflorum Ghaz., Kew Bull., 51(4): 803-807 (1996). – Type. Oman, Masirah Island, Bryan s.n. (K, holo.; ON, SQUH, iso.).
A regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Dipcadi serotinum (L.) Medik., Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 431 (1790).
Hyacinthus serotinus L. (1753).
Egypt through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan to India. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Specimens with short, brown perianth segments have been identified as D. erythraeum Webb & Berthel. (=D. unicolor (Stocks) Baker) but this distinction is not constant and does not justify an independent taxonomic status
Dipcadi viride (L.) Moench, Suppl. Meth. 267 (1802).
Hyacinthus viridis L. (1759).
Tropical and southern Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Dracaena hanningtonii Baker, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 7(3): 438 (1898).
Sansevieria ehrenbergii Schweinf. ex Baker (1875).
Tropical E and NE Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Dracaena serrulata Baker, Kew Bull. 1894: 342 (1894).
Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Drimia sp. A
Southern Oman,
Leopoldia longipes (Boiss.) Losinsk., V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 4: 410 (1935).
incl. L. longipes subsp. negevensis Feinbrun & Danin (1986).
Muscari longipes Boiss. (1854); Bellevalia longipes (Boiss.) Bornm. (1939) nom. illeg.
Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan to Iraq, Iran, and southern Turkey. Oman, UAE.
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ASPHODELACEAE
Aloe collenetteae Lavranos, Cact. Succ J. Amer. 67: 33 (1995).Endemic. Oman.
An Arabian endemic found also in the Al-Mahra province of Yemen.
Aloe praetermissa McCoy & Lavranos, Cact. Succ. J. Amer.74: 51 (2002).
Aloe inermis sensu auctt. non Forssk. (1775); Miller & Morris (1988); A. luntii sensu auctt. non Baker (1895)
Endemic to Dhofar, where it has been observed from Sarfayt in the west to near Mirbat in the east.
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Fl. Indica: 83 (1768).
A. perfoliata L. var. vera L. (1753); A. barbadensis Mill. (1768).
Arabian endemic. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Asphodelus fistulosus L., Sp. Pl., 309 (1753).
Mediterranean region, Morocco to Caucasus, Arabia, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Mauritius; naturalized in New Zealand, Mexico, southwestern United States. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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ASTERACEAE
Acanthospermum hispidum DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 522 (1836).Native of South America, now a widespread weed in tropical and subtropical regions. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Ageratum conyzoides L., Sp. Pl.: 839 (1753).
Native to Central and South America, naturalised throughout the tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Anthemis odontostephana Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 6: 85 (1846).
Anthemis gayana Boiss. (1875); A. gayana Boiss. var. multiramosa Parsa (1948).
Iraq to Pakistan. Oman, UAE.
Artemisia sieberi Besser, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 9: 80 (1836).
Seriphidium sieberi (Besser) K.Bremer & Humphries ex Y.R.Ling (1991); Artemisia herba-alba Asso var. laxiflora Boiss. (1875); A. herba-alba auct., non Asso.
E Mediterranean across SW Asia to SW Pakistan and C Asia. Kuwait(?), Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE.
Atractylis arabica Rech.f., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 72: 281 (1959).
Iraq to Arabian Peninsula, Sinai, Pakistan. Oman.
Atractylis cancellata L., Sp. Pl. 2: 830 (1753).
Canary Islands across the Mediterranean area to the Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Atractylis kentrophylloides (Baker) F.G.Davies, Kew Bull. 36: 142 (1981). –Type: Dhofar mountains, 800 m (2600 ft), J.T. Bent 192 (K, holo.).
Carduncellus kentrophylloides Baker (1895); Atractylis yemensis Podlech (1982).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Bidens pilosa L., Sp. Pl.: 2: 832 (1753).
A cosmopolitan weed found in most tropical and subtropical regions. Oman, Yemen.
Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 293 (1929).
Coreopsis biternata Lour. (1790); Bidens chinensis (L.) Willd. (1803).
A pantropical weed. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson, Blumea 6: 350 (1950).
Verbesina acmella L., Sp. Pl.: 901 (1753); Blainvillea dichotoma (Murr.) A.Stewart (1911); Verbesina dichotoma Murr. (1779); B. rhomboidea Cass. (1823); B. gayana Cass. (1827).
tropical South America and pantropically naturalised in moist habitats. Oman, Soqotra.
Blepharispermum hirtum Oliv., Hooker's Icon. P1. 25: t. 2435 (1896). –Type: [Oman], Dhofar Mts, Wadi Derbat, 300 ft, 1895, J.T. Bent 122 (K, holo.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind.: 14 (1834).
Conyza lacera Burm.f. (1768).
Tropical Africa and Australasia. Oman, ?Yemen.
Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 434 (1836).
Conyza axillaris Lam. (1786); Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merrill (1910).
Tropical Africa and Asia, also on New Caledonia. Oman, Yemen.
Calendula arvensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1303 (1763).
Mediterranean region and widely naturalised in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Carduus pycnocephalus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1151 (1763).
Carduus australis L.f. (1782), C. arabicus Jacq. ex Murray (1784).
Mediterranean and extending to western, central and northern Europe, and to SW and western C Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Carthamus tinctorius L., Sp. Pl. 2: 830 (1753).
Turkey to Iran. Known only as a cultivated plant in the Arabian Peninsula, and other parts of the world. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Centaurea dhofarica Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 182 (1895). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Hafa, J.T. Bent 35 (K, holo.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Centaurea solstitialis auct. non L.
Iran, Iraq, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE.
- subsp. niebuhrii Wagenitz, Notes Roy. bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 459 (1984).
Centaurea wendelboi Wagenitz, Fl. Iranica [Rechinger], 139b: 370 (1980).
Iran. Oman, UAE.
Cichorium intybus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 813 (1753).
Europe, N Africa, W and C Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE as a rare weed or ruderal.
Crepis kotschyana (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 852 (1875).
Barkhausia kotschyana Boiss. (1846).
Syria across Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan to Turkmenistan and W Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 103(1): 252 (1900).
Conyza cinerea L. (1753); Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (1829).
Widespread in the Old World tropics and widely introduced in other tropical and subtropical regions. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Cymbolaena griffithii (A.Gray) Wagenitz, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 119: 402 (1971).
Stylocline griffithii A.Gray (1873); Micropus longifolius Boiss. & Reut. (1875); Cymbolaena longifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) Smoljan. (1955).
Sinai, Jordan to Syria, E Turkey, Armenia, Iraq, Iran, Northern Oman, Afghanistan and Pakistan to C Asia. Oman.
Dicoma schimperi (DC.) Baill. ex O.Hoffm.,in, Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 4(5): 339 (1893).
Hochstetteria schimperi DC. (1838).
Horn of Africa region (Djibouti, Somalia), Sudan, Egypt, Sinai, Jordan, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Dicoma chatanensis N.Kilian has been described from the coastal mountains just across the border with Yemen. Its occurrence also in western Dhofar is likely.
Doellia bovei (DC.) Anderb., Willdenowia 25(1): 21 (1995).
Conyza bovei DC. (1834).; Erigeron bovei (DC.) Boiss. (1875).
E Africa to Sinai, Israel/Palestine and Jordan, and across the Arabian Peninsula to Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Echinops atrox Kit Tan, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32: 117 (1995). –Type: Oman, [Musandam], Ayn Sih, Wadi al Ayn,± 456 m, 19.3.1982, D. Gallagher 639/13 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Echinops erinaceus Kit Tan, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32(2): 124 (1995). –Type: Oman, West Hajar Mts, near Firaah, at top of Wadi Sahtan below Jabal Akhdar, stony limestone slopes, 1000 m, 26.3.1980, J.R. Edmondson 3496 (E, holo.; ON, iso.).
Echinops sp. Jongbloed sensu auct., The comprehensive guide to the wild flowers of the United Arab Emirates: 143 (2003); E. spinosissimus sensu auct. Ghazanfar (1992: 44); Pickering & Pazelt, Field guide to the wild plants of Oman: 22 (2008).
Endemic to Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Mant. Pl. Altera: 286 (1771).
Verbesina prostrata L. (1753); Verbesina alba L. (1753); Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (1848).
Pantropical weed of moist, disturbed land. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Erigeron bonariensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 863 (1753).
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (1934); Erigeron linifolius Willd. (1803); Conyza linifolia (Willd.) Täckh. [non L. ]. (1956).
Native to South America but very widely distributed beyond as a weed and ruderal. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Erigeron trilobus (Decne.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 168 (1875).
Conyza triloba Decne. (1834). Conyza stricta Willd. (1803) [non Erigeron strictus Hook. & Arn. (1836), non Nidorella stricta O. Hoffm. (1902)]; Erigeron pinnatifidus D. Don (1825) [non Thunb. (1800)]; Conyza pinnatifida Roxb. [(1814), nom. nud.] (Oct–Dec. 1832) [non (Thunb.) Less. (Jul–Aug 1832)]; C. stricta var. pinnatifida (D. Don) Kitamura (1966); Nidorella triloba (Decne.) DC. (1836).
Subtropical and tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Euryops arabicus Steud. ex Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4(36): 88, t. 355 (1852).
Euryops socotranus Balf.f. (1882); E. pinifolius auct., non A.Rich.
Somalia, Djibouti, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Filago abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 432 (1847).
Filago vulgaris Lam. var. abyssinica (A.Rich.) Cufod. (1966).
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Filago desertorum Pomel, Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 46 (1874).
Canary Islands across N Africa, Sinai, Arabian Peninsula to Iraq, Iran, Caucasus, C Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Filago pyramidata L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1199 (1753).
W and S Europe to the Crimea and Caucasus, in N Africa, SW and C Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C.Mohr, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6: 810 (1901).
Odera trinervia Spreng. (1800); Flaveria repanda Lag. (1816).
Pantropical weed native to tropical America. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Garhadiolus hedypnois Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 120 (1850).
Garhadiolus angulosus Jaub. & Spach (1850); Rhagadiolus angulosus (Jaub. & Spach) Kupicha (1975).
Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Turkey northwards to the Caucasus and Turkmenistan and eastwards to Pakistan. Oman.
Helichrysum glumaceum DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] . 6: 197 (1838).
Achyrocline glumacea (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern (1877); A. luzuloides Vatke (1875); Helichrysum makranicum (Rech.f. & Esfand.) Rech.f. (1980).
Africa, Arabian Peninsula to S Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Helichrysum luteoalbum (L.) Rchb., Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2, 2(2): 1460 (1829).
Gnaphalium luteoalbum L. (1953); Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & Burtt (1981)
Cosmopolitan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Helichrysum somalense Baker f., J. Bot. 37: 60 (1899).
Helichrysum pumilum (Schinz ex Klatt) Moeser (1910), nom. illeg. [non Hook.f. (1856)]; Achyrocline pumilum Schinz ex Klatt (1895).
Ethiopia, Somalia, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch.Bip. in Webb & Berth., Phytogr. Canar. 2: 310 (1845).
Chrysocoma spicata Forssk. (1775).
Canary Islands and SE Spain across N Africa and SW Asia to Pakistan and NW India. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Iphiona aucheri (Boiss.) Anderb., Contr. Étude Fl. Vég. Déserts d'Iran [Léonard] 4: 37 (1984).
Grantia aucheri Boiss. (1846) ; G. discoidea Bunge ex Boiss. (1875); G. flabellata S. Moore (1900).
Arabian Peninsula, S Iran to SW Pakistan. Oman, UAE.
Iphiona horrida Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 6: 80 (1846). –Type: Oman: ad radices montium Mascatensis, Aucher-Éloy 4725 (G-BOIS, holo.; G, K, MO iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Iphiona scabra DC. ex Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, 2: 263 (1834). –Type: Oman: in monte Mascatensi Chebek, Aucher-Eloy 4726 (G-BOIS, holo.; BM, FI, G, K, P, iso.); Iphiona scabra var. pinnatifida Boiss. (1846).
Arabian Peninsula and along the African and Arabian coast of the Red Sea northwards to Sinai. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Iphiona senecionoides (Baker) Anderb., Nordic J. Bot. 5: 177 (1985).
Grantia senecionoides Baker (1895).
Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Jurinea berardioides' (Boiss.) O.Hoffm., Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 4(5): 321 (1893).
Aegopordon berardioides Boiss. (1846).
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Oman.
Jurinea carduiformis (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 6: 111 (1846).
Outreya carduiformis Jaub. & Spach (1842).
Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Oman.
Kleinia mccoyi L.E.Newton, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 74: 217 (2002). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, 560 m, 31.10.2001, McCoy 2374 (MO, holo.; P, iso.).
Kleinia lauchsii Lavranos & T.A.McCoy (2003); K. butleri Lavranos & T.A.McCoy (2004).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
'Kleinia odora DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 339 (1838).
Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Kleinia saginata P.Halliday, Kew Bull. 37: 633 (1983). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, 43 km N of Salalah on Thumrait Road, near Aqabat al Hatab, 600 m, rock crevices, 21.9.1977, Radcliffe-Smith 5156 (K, holo.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Kleinia squarrosa Cufod., which may vegetatively be confused with K. odora but is distinguished from that species by its cream to pale violet flowers, has been recently reported from SE Yemen (Euphorbia balsamifera zone) and may perhaps also occur in Dhofar.
Kleinia pendula (Forssk.) DC., a species SE Yemen, Somalia, Ethiopia and NE Kenya, was reported erroneously from Dhofar, Oman, due to misidentification of a collection by R. Fiennes, actually referable to K. saginata (or K. mccoyi?).
Koelpinia linearis Pall., Reise Russ. Reich. 3(2): App. 755 (1776).
Spain and Morocco across N Africa, Sinai northeastwards to the Caucasus and C Asia and eastwards across the Arabian Peninsula to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, N India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Lactuca dissecta D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 164 (1825).
Afghanistan across C Asia to the Tien Shan and across Pakistan to the eastern Himalaya.so far only known from the mountains of western Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Lactuca inermis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 144 (1775). –Type: Yemen, J.R.I. Wood 75/833 (BM, neo.).
Lactuca capensis Thunb. (1800); Lactuca yemensis Deflers (1889).
Widely sub-Saharian Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Fl. Orientalis] 3: 819 (1875).
Phaenopus orientalis Boiss. (1841)
E Mediterranean, SW and C Asia. Oman, UAE.
Lasiopogon muscoides (Desf.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 246 (1838).
Gnaphalium muscoides Desf. (1799).
N Africa, Iberian Peninsula and SW Asia eastwards as far as Azerbaijan, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Launaea almahrahensis N.Kilian, Englera 17: 339 (1997). –Type: Yemen, Hadramaut, Umgebung von Nitaua bei Ras Fartak, 7./8.3.1899, Paulay (Wu, holo.).
Oman, Yemen.
Launaea bornmuelleri (Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2, 60: 226 (1939).
Zollikoferia bornmuelleri Bornm. (1894); Launaea spinosa auct., non (Forssk.) Kuntze
Iranian coast in the Strait of Hormoz, Arabian Peninsula to N Somalia. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy in Andrews, Fl. Pl. Anglo-Egypt. Sudan 3: 40 (1956).
Chondrilla capitata Sieber ex DC. (1838). Zollikoferia glomerata Boiss. (1875); Microrhynchus glomeratus Jaub. & Spach (1848); Launaea glomerata Hook.f. (1881).
Eastern Canary Islands, N Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, SE Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan to N India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Launaea castanosperma F.G.Davies, Kew Bull. 33: 294 (1979). –Type: "Oman. Dhofar. Derbal", 1895, J.T. Bent 233 (K, holo.).
Oman, Yemen.
Launaea crassifolia (Balf.f.) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 18: 477 (1966).
Lactuca crassifolia Balf.f. (1882).
Horn of Africa region (N Somalia) and central S Arabia. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Launaea hafunensis Chiov., Fl. Somala 1: 207 (1929).
Crepis sp. Miller & Morris, Pl. Dhofar: 294 (1988).
Arabian Peninsula to Somalia, eastern Ethiopia and the Rift Valley area in Kenya and N Tanzania. Oman, Yemen.
Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 2: 114 (1910).
Lactuca intybacea Jacq. (1784); Launaea remotiflora (DC.) Amin ex Rech.f. (1977).
Tropical Africa, S Iran, Indian subcontinent; introduced in the Carribean and adjacent areas. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Launaea massavensis (Fresen.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 351 (1891).
Heterachaena massavensis Fresen. (1839).
Ethiopian Highlands, Eritrea, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula Iranian side of the Straits of Hormoz. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl., Man. Fl. Egypt 2: 1057 (1912). subsp. mucronata
Leontodon mucronatus Forssk. (1775).
Eastern Canary Islands, N Africa, Arabian Peninsula to Iraq, W and S Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
- subsp. cassiniana (Jaub. & Spach) N.Kilian, Willdenowia 25: 177 (1995).
N Africa, Arabian Peninsula to S Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Launaea omanensis N.Kilian, Englera 17: 343 (1997). –Type: Oman, Buraimi region, 4 km ENE of Mahdah, ± 200 m, 28.4.1989, R.A. Western 1182 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya & Rajagopal, Kew Bull. 23: 465 (1969).
Prenanthes procumbens Roxb. (1832).
Egypt, Arabian Peninsula, central Asian Aralo-Caspian, NW China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, N India, Nepal, N Burma to SW China. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch.Bip., Bonplandia 8: 369 (1860).
Cotula aurea Loefl. (1758).
Mediterranean region and eastwards to the Himalayas. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. [F. Cuvier] 25: 225 (1822).
Carduus syriacus L. (1753).
Mediterranean extending eastwards to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Iran. Oman.
Orbivestus cinerascens (Sch.Bip.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 231 (1999): (1999).
Vernonia cinerascens Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 162 (1867).
Tropical Africa and southern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, NW India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Pallenis hierichuntica (Michon) Greuter, Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997).
Saulcya hierichuntica Michon (1852); Asteriscus hierichunticus ["hierochunticus"] (Michon) Wiklund (1985); A. pygmaeus (DC.) Coss. & Durieu (1853); Odontospermum pygmaeum (DC.) O.Hoffm. (1890).
Canary Islands (Fuerteventura) across N Africa to Egypt, Sinai eastwards to Syria, Iraq, S Iran, SW Pakistan. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Parthenium hysterophorus L., Sp. Pl.: 988 (1753).
Pan(sub)tropical weed of Caribbean origin. Oman, Yemen.
Pegolettia senegalensis Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. [Cuvier] 38: 232(1825).
Kuhnia arabica DC. (1838).
Africa. Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
Pentanema divaricatum Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1818: 75 (1818).
Inula divaricata (Cass.) Boiss. (1875) [non Nutt. (1818)]; Vicoa pentanema Aitch. & Hemsl. (1888) [non V. divaricata Benth. (1873)].
N Syria, Iraq, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan to C Asia and the Himalayas. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Phagnalon schweinfurthii Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 685 (1868).
Phagnalon viridifolium Decne. ex Boiss. (1875); Phagnalon viridifolium var. omanense Qaiser & Lack (1985); P. androssovii B. Fedtsch. (1946); P. schweinfurthii var. androssovii (B. Fedtsch.) Qaiser & Lack (1985).
Egypt, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan to Turkmenistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Pluchea arabica (Boiss.) Qaiser & Lack, Willdenowia 15: 451 (1986). –Type: [Oman], Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 4729 (G-BOIS, holo.; BM, K iso.).
Varthemia arabica Boiss. (1846). Phagnalon arabicum (Boiss.) Boiss. (1875); Pluchea laxa Baker (1895); P. multiflora O. Schwartz (1939).
Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 450 (1836).
Baccharis dioscoridis L. (1755); Conyza dioscoridis (L.) Desf. (1815).
Tropical and subtropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Pluchea ovalis (Pers.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 450 (1836).
Baccharis ovalis Pers. (1807); Pluchea mollis Baker (1895).
NW Africa, Subtropical and Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula to the Indian Subcontinent. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy, Phytologia 25(5): 281 (1973).
Conyza viscosa Mill. (1768). Blumea viscosa (Mill.) Badillo (1974); B. aurita (L.f.) DC. (1834 ); Laggera aurita (L.f.) Sch.Bip. ex C.B.Clarke (1876).
(Sub) Tropical Africa, Asia and Central America. Oman, Saudi Arabia,Yemen.
Psiadia punctulata (DC.) Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 196 (1877).
Nidorella punctulata DC. (1836). : Psiadia arabica Jaub. & Spach (1852).
Southern Africa across E and NE tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. [Cuvier] 44: 94 (1826), s.l.
Inula arabica L. (1753); Tubilium angustifolium Cass., nom. illeg. (1828); Pulicaria inuloides (Poir.) DC. (1836) [non Vahl ex Hornem. (1815)]; P. longifolia Boiss. (1856); P. arabica subsp. inuloides (Poir.) Maire (1934).
Morocco across N Africa (and extending to the southern Saharan mountain ranges and the Horn of Africa), the SE Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Pulicaria argyrophylla Franch. subsp. oligophylla (E.Gamal-Eldin) N.Kilian & P.Hein, Willdenowia 29: 193 (1999).
Pulicaria argyrophylla var. oligophylla E.Gamal-Eldin (1981).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
(subspecies argyrophylla has a disjunct distribution in N Somalia and Hadhramout, Yemen).
Pulicaria edmondsonii E.Gamal-Eldin, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 467 (1984). –Type: Oman, W Hajar Mts, wadi running into Wadi Fida, N of Jabal Wabah, limestone slopes and flats, 430 m, 12.3.1980, J. R. Edmondson 3362 (E, holo.; ON, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Pulicaria gamal-eldiniae N.Kilian & P.Hein, Willdenowia 29(1–2): 173 (1999), so far known from the coastal mountains in Al-Mahra, SE Yemen, may also be present in Southern Oman, Dhofar.
Pulicaria glutinosa (Boiss.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4(35): 77. t. 348 (1852) subsp. glutinosa
– Type: [Oman], Muscat, ad rad. mont., Aucher-Éloy 4728 (G-BOIS, holo.).
Pterochaeta glutinosa Boiss. (1846); Pulicaria cylindrica (Baker) O.Schwartz (1939).
SE Yemen eastwards to N Oman and UAE.
Pulicaria jaubertii E.Gamal-Eldin, Phanerogam. Monogr. 14: 143 (1981). –Type: [Oman], secus rivulos regn. Muscat, Aucher-Éloy 4739 (P, syn.); Pulicaria orientalis Jaub. & Spach (1852), nom. illeg., p.p.
Somalia, Eritrea, Arabian Peninsula. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Pulicaria nobilis E.Gamal-Eldin, Phanerogam. Monogr. 14: 227 (1981). –Type: [Oman], Dhofar, Jabal Qara, rocky places in predesert zone, 3.10.1943, V. Fitzgerald 12428/13 (BM, holo.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Pulicaria omanensis E.Gamal-Eldin, Phanerogam. Monogr. 14: 230 (1981). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Ayun cross roads, 600 m, 6.5.1978, Berkeley 23 (E, holo.).
Pulicaria rauhii E.Gamal-Eldin (1981); P. omanensis subsp. milleri E.Gamal-Eldin (1986); P. hadramautica E.Gamal-Eldin & Boulos (1993).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Pulicaria pulvinata E.Gamal-Eldin, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh43: 481 (1986). –Type: Oman, Khor Dirif, 1.10.1984, A. Miller 6508 (E, holo.; ON, iso.).
Endemic. Central Oman.
Pulicaria samhanensis N.Kilian & P.Hein, Willdenowia29: 189 (1999). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Jabal Samhan, summit plateau, 1300–1400 m, 8.10.1998, P. Hein & N. Kilian NK 5591 (B, holo.; E, K, ON, S, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Pulicaria schimperi DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7(1): 285 (1838).
Somalia, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C. A. von Mayer). 79 (1831). subsp. undulata
Inula undulata L. (1767); Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.) Oliv. subsp. crispa (1873); Francoeuria crispa (Forssk.) Cass. subsp. crispa(1825).
Canary Islands across N Africa (extending to the Horn of Africa), SE Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula, Iraq to India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht.: 35 (1787).
Scorzonera tingitana L. (1753). Reichardia orientalis (L.) Hochr. (1904); R. arabica (Hochst. & Steud. ex DC.) Fiori (1913); R. tingitana var. arabica (Hochst. & Steud. ex DC.) Asch. & Schweinf. (1887).
Canary Islands across the Mediterranean to NE tropical Africa and NW India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Rhanterium epapposum Oliv., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 14: t. 1367 (1881).
Asteriscus arabicus Velen. (1911).
SW Iraq, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait (national flower), Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Sclerocarpus africanus Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 17, t. 176 (1781).
A widespread, weedy, palaeotropical herb. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Senecio breviflorus (Kadereit) Greuter, Willdenowia 37: 182 (2007).
Senecio flavus subsp. breviflorus Kadereit (1984);Senecio mohavensis A.Gray subsp. breviflorus (Kadereit) Coleman (2001).
Distributed from Sinai, Israel, Jordan and southern Syria eastwards across the Arabian Peninsula to southern Iran and Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Senecio glaucus L. subsp. coronopifolius (Maire) C.Alexander, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 412 (1979).
Senecio coronopifolius Desf. (1799), non Burm. f. (1768); S. desfontainei Druce (1928).
S Mediterranean area, N Africa, SW Asia to W Himalaya. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1:47 (1769)
Temperate Eurasia, N Africa to Somalia. Weedy from most countries of the Arabian Peninsula including UAE, Saudi Arabia. No record from Oman seen, but its occurrence is likely.
Sonchus oleraceus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 794 (1753).
Cosmopolitan weed and ruderal. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Sonchus maritimus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 1192 (1759).
Mediterranean and western Irano-Turanian region; introduced into southern Africa and E Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Tagetes erecta L., Sp. Pl.: 887 (1753).
Native to the Americas, widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, sometimes naturalised. Oman (garden escape), N Yemen.
Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1295 (1903).
Hymenatherum tenuilobum DC. (1836); : Dyssodia tenuiloba (DC.) B.L.Rob. (1913).
Native to NW Mexico and SW Texas, introduced (as an ornamental or unintentionally) and adventive beyond in other parts of the Americas, Africa and Asia. ?Oman.
Tridax procumbens L., 2: 900 (1753).
Native to Mexico to Tropical America, introduced and weedy in tropical Africa, SW Asia and Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Tripteris vaillantii Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 2: 260 (1834).
Osteospermum vaillantii (Decne.) Norl. (1943).
E Africa, Sinai, Jordan, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Urospermum picroides (L.) F.W.Schmidt, Samml. Phys.-Ökon. Aufsätze 1: 275 (1795).
Tragopogon picroides L. (1753).
Originating from the E Mediterranean and SW Asia, introduced to cultivated areas of the entire Mediterranean and adjacent regions, in the Middle East eastwards to Pakistan, in Africa south of the Sahara and in South America. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Vernonia arabica F.G.Davies, Kew Bull. 32: 775 (1978).
Vernonia atriplicifolia auct., non Jaub. & Spach (1852).
N Somalia and southern Arabia. Oman, Yemen, UAE.
Volutaria dhofarica Wagenitz, Candollea 46: 409 (1991). –Type: Oman: Dhofar, 43 km N of Salalah on Thumrait road, 21.9.1977, Radcliffe-Smith 5139 (K, holo.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Volutaria sinaica (DC.) Wagenitz, Candollea 46: 409 (1991).
Amberboa sinaica DC. (1838). Amberboa leucantha Coss. ex Batt. (1903); Volutaria leucantha (Coss. ex Batt.) Maire (1934); Volutaria lippii auct., Amberboa lippii auct.
Morocco across N Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to Oman. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 978 (1753).
Native to N and S America, introduced to many regions of the Old World. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Zoegea purpurea Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 86, t. 5 (1833).
Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Israel and Syria through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan to C Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
SPECIES EXPECTED TO OCCUR IN OMAN
Anvillea garcinii (Burm. f.) DC.A cushion forming, intricately branched shrublet with whitish branches and ± adpressed-tomentose, spathulate, dentate leaves, conspicuously radiate yellow-flowered capitula single at the end of branches with leaf-like outer phyllaries.
Gymnarrhena micrantha Desf.
An acaulescent ephemeral forming a rosette of entire lanceolate leaves and with a few disciform capitula in the centre of the rosette and a few cleistogamous subterranean capitula.
Scorzonera tortuosissima Boiss.
An intricately branched greyish-green perennial with white latex, terete leaves and ligulate yellow-flowered capitula.
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BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens balsamina L., Sp. Pl. 1: 938 (1753).native of tropical India and SE Asia, widely naturalized in the tropics and subtropics. Oman.
BERBERIDACEAE
Berberis holstii Engl., Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 69 (1894).Back to Families →
BIGNONIACEAE
Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. J. Bot. 1: 18 (1863).S Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan & NW India. Oman, UAE (also cult.).
BORAGINACEAE
Several subfamilies are recognised within the Boraginaceae, of which representatives of subfamiles Boraginoideae, Cordioideae, Ehretioideae and Helitropioideae are found in Oman.1. Style inserted at the base of the 4-lobed ovary (in fruit between the 4 nutlets) Boraginoideae
- (Anchusa, Arnebia, Asperugo, Echiochilon, Gastrocotyle, Lappula, Moltkiopsis, Ogastemma, Paracaryum, Rochelia, Trichodesma)
- Style terminal, inserted at top of drupe or nutlets 2
- Fruit dehiscent, separating into 2 or 4 parts 3
- Annual herbs or shrubs; style not forked; fruit separating into 2 or 4 parts Heliotropioideae
- (Heliotropium, Nogalia)
Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kralik, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 398, 402 (1857).
Lithospermum decumbens Vent. (1799 or 1800).
Canary Islands, N Africa through the Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, Iraq, Iran to Mongolia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Arnebia hispidissima (Sieber ex Lehm.) DC. Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 94 (1846).
Anchusa hispidissima Delile (1813) nom. nud.; Lithospermum hispidissimum Sieber ex Lehm. (1821).
N and NE Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and from Iraq, Iran to Tibet. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Asperugo procumbens L., Sp. Pl. 138 (1753).
Europe, North Africa, Iran to Tibet. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Buglossoides tenuiflora (L.f.) I.M.Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 35(1): 42 (1954).
Lithospermum tenuiflorum L.f. (1782).
E Mediterranean to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Cordia monoica Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1(3) : 43, t. 58 (1796).
Cordia ovalis DC. (1845); C. obovata Baker (1894).
Tropical and S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India to Myanmar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cordia obovata Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 80 (1884).
Type: Socotra, Balfour 277 (K, lecto.; BM, isolecto.).
Somalia. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cordia crenata Delile, Descr. Egypte Hist. Nat. 195, t. 20 (1813) subsp. crenata
Niger, NE Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, India. Oman, Yemen.
Cordia quercifolia Klotzsch, Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6 (Bot., 1): 247 (1861).
Cordia nevillii Alston (1931); C. perrottetii sensu Wight (1848) non A.DC.; C. rothii sensu Balf.f. (1888) non Roem. & Schult.
N & NE Africa, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka. Oman, Soqotra Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Echiochilon arabicum (O.Schwartz) I.M.Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 289 (1957).
Teraedrocarpus arabicus O. Schwartz (1939). – Type: Yemen, Hadramaut, Wadi Himam, May 1931, Wissmann 1234 (HBG, lecto.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Echiochilon callianthum Lönn, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130: 246. (1999).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Echiochilon collenettei I.M.Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 277 (1957).
Somalia. Oman.
Echiochilon jugatum I.M.Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 282 (1957). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Mirbat coast, 1895, J.T. Bent 21 (K, holo.).
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, UAE.
Echiochilon kotschyi (Boiss. & Hohen.) I.M.Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 283 (1957).
Lithospermum kotschyi Boiss. & Hohen. (1844).
Iran. Oman, Qatar, UAE, Yemen.
Echiochilon longiflorum Benth. in Hook.f., Icon. Pl. 13: 60, plate 1277 (1879). –Type: Yemen, Aden, March 1878, W. Perry 9 (K, holo.).
Ethiopia and Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Echiochilon persicum (Burm.f.) I.M.Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 288 (1957).
Heliotropium persicum Burm.f. (1768). Sericostoma strigosa Deflers (1896). –Type: Yemen, Muhafazat Abyan, Bilad Fodhli, on southern slopes of Jebel Urays, April 1893, Deflers 1075 (holotype ?P); Sericostoma persicum (Burm.f.) B.L.Burtt (1949); Echiochilon strigosum (Deflers) I.M.Johnst. (1957). –Type as for Sericostoma strigosa; E. thesigeri I.M.Johnst. (1957). –Type: Oman, Jabal Hafit, 25 April 1948 (holotype BM).
Sudan, Djibouti, Somalia, Arabian Peninsula to Iran and Pakistan. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen; also found on.
Ehretia obtusifolia Hochst. ex DC., Prodr. [A.P de Candolle] 9: 507 (1845).
Ehretia aspera Willd. var. obtusifolia (Hochst. ex DC.) P.J.Parmar (1991); E. obovata R.Br. (1814), nomen; E. dhofarica R.R.Mill. (in sched.)
Tropical Africa, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Euploca rariflora (Stocks) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125(1): 48 (2003).
Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks (1852).
W & NE Tropical Africa, Sudan and Egypt, Arabian Peninsula to Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Euploca strigosa (Willd.) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125(1): 49 (2003).
Heliotropium strigosum Willd. (1798).
E & NE Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula to tropical Asia and Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Gastrocotyle hispida (Forssk.) Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7: 405 (1854).
Anchusa hispida Forssk. (1775).
Arabian Peninsula to India and China. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 38 (1775) sensu lato. –Type. Yemen, Lohaja [Al Luhayyah], 1. 1763, Forsskål 1329 (C, holo.).
Heliotropium ramosissimum (Lehm.) DC. (1845); H. undulatum Vahl var. ramosissimum Lehm. (1831); H. kotschyi Bunge (1869) nomen nudum; H. tuberculosum (Boiss.) Boiss. (1879); H. persicum auct.: Boiss. (1879), non Lam. (1789); H. lignosum Bornm. (1937) nomen nudum; H. fartakense O.Schwartz (1939). –Type: Yemen, Hadramaut & Ras Fartak, el Hami S. 162, Paulay s.n.; H. undulatum sensu Schwartz (1939); H. bacciferum Forssk. subsp. lignosum (Vatke) Kazmi var. fartakense (O.Schwartz) Kazmi (1970).
Taken in the wide sense, this is one of the most common species in Oman; it is an extremely variable species, widespread in distribution, with many intermediary forms. I have included H. fartakense O.Schwartz under H. bacciferum as a morphological variant of this large group though this inclusion must be considered tentative until the group is studied thoroughly. According to Schwartz it is closely related to H. undulata Vahl with difference in its decumbent habit, and small yellowish glossy nutlets. According to Miller & Morris (Plants of Dhofar 1988: 74) H. fartakense is probably endemic to southern Arabia, mainly along coasts with its characteristic short inflorescence that does not elongate.
N Africa and the Arabian Peninsula through to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Turkmenistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Heliotropium brevilimbe Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 11: 89 (1849).
Heliotropium calcareum Stocks (1852); H. makranikum Rech.f. & Esfand. (1951); H. multiflorum Rech. f. & Esfand. (1951).
Iran, Pakistan. Oman, UAE.
Heliotropium longiflorum (Hochst. & Steud. ex A.DC.) Jaub. & Spach, Illustr. Pl. Orient. 4: t. 360 (1852).
W, NE Tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan and India; introduced elsewhere. Oman, Yemen.
Heliotropium digynum (Forssk.) Asch. ex C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4. No. 3, 14 (1922).
Lithospermum digynum Forssk. (1775)
N Africa through the Arabian Peninsula to Iraq. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Heliotropium europaeum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 130 (1753) sensu lato.
Heliotropium ellipticum Ledeb. (1831); H. lasiocarpum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (1837); H. strictum Ledeb. (1847); H. europaeum L. var. ellipticum (Ledeb.) Regel (1868); H. europaeum L. var. tenuiflorum Boiss. (1879); H. eichwaldii Steud. var. lasiocarpum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) C.B.Clarke (1883); H. ellipticum Ledeb. var. lasiocarpum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Popov (1931); H. europaeum L. var. lasiocarpum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kazmi (1970).
Europe and Egypt eastwards through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and Central Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Heliotropium ophioglossum Stocks ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 145 (1875).
NE Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan. Oman, Yemen.
Heliotropium ovalifolium Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 38 (1775). – Type. Yemen, Haide, Forsskål s.n. (C. holo.).
Tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan and India; introduced elsewhere. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Heliotropium pterocarpum Hochst. & Steud. ex Bunge, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 42(1): 331, in clavi. (1869).
Heliophytum pterocarpum DC. (1845).
Mauritania to Egypt, Somalia, Arabian Peninsula eastwards to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Heliotropium subspinosum Thulin & A.G.Miller, Nordic J. Bot. 23(5): 527 (2005).
Somalia, SW Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk.) Asch. ex Kuntze, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada. 10(1): 215 (1887).
Anchusa spinocarpos Forssk. (1775). – Type: Egypt, Alexandria, Forsskål 304 (holotype C).
Echinospermum spinocarpos (Forssk.) Boiss. (1875); Sclerocaryopsis spinocarpos (Forssk.) Brand (1931).
North Africa, Sudan, Egypt, Syria, through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran to Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia.
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 34: 3 (1953).
Lithospermum ciliatum Forssk. (1775).
N Africa, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan to Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, UAE.
Nogalia drepanophyllum (Baker) Verdc., Kew Bull. 43(3): 432 (1988) subsp drepanophyllum
Heliotropium drepanophyllum Baker (1894). –Type: Yemen, Hadramaut, between Tokham and Ghafit, Lunt 69 (K, holo.).
Egypt, Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Ogastemma pusillum (Coss. & Durieu ex Bonnet & Barratte) Brummitt, Kew Bull. 36(4): 680 (1982).
Megastoma pusillum Coss. & Durieu ex Balansa (1853) nom. nud. ex Bonnet & Barratte (1892–1895).
Canary Islands, northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Paracaryum intermedium (Fresen.) Lipsky, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada xxvi. 487 (1910).
Cynoglossum intermedium Fresen. (1834); Microparacaryum intermedium (Fresen.) Hilger & Podlech (1985).
Egypt, Ethiopia, Somalia, through Jordan, Palestine, Syria, Arabian Peninsula to Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Pseudoheterocaryum szovitsianum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kaz.Osaloo & Saadati, Austral. Syst. Bot. 30(1): 109 (2017).
Echinospermum szovitsianum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (1835); Heterocaryum szovitsianum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) A.DC. (1846); Paracaryum arabicum Velen. (1912);
Arabian Peninsula to C Asia, West Himalaya. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Rochelia disperma (L.f.) C.Koch, Linnaea 22: 649 (1849), emend Karyagin, ISV. Akad. Nauk. Azerb. URSS 12: 13, 14 (1945).
Lithospermum dispermum L.f. (1762).
Mediterranean, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan to Sudan, from Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan to Ladakh. Oman.
Trichodesma africanum (L.) Sm., Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) 36: Trichodesma no. 2 (1817).
Borago africana L. (1753); Borago verrucosa Forssk. (1775).
Africa, from Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, Palestine, Jordan, Israel through the Arabian Peninsula to Iran and Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Trichodesma cinereum Mosti & Selvi, Candollea 62(2): 206 (2007). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Qaftawat–Wanat road, 1059 m, 1 March 2007, Raffaelli,m; fl. & S. Mosti s.n. (FT, holo.; G, iso.).
Trichodesma dhofaricum Ghaz., Kew Bull. 65: 97 (2010). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Aqabat Mushaylah, on road to Wadi Haluf, 690 m, 11 Oct. 1977, A. Radcliffe-Smith 5459 (K, holo.); Trichodesma laecophilum R.R.Mill. in sched.
Endemic. Oman.
Trichodesma ehrenbergii Schweinf. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 281. (1879).
Trichodesma ehrenbergii Schweinf. (1869) nom. nud.; Borago arabica Ehrenb. ex Boiss. (1879); Trichodesma africanum L. var. ehrenbergii (Schweinf. ex Boiss.) Post (1896); T. bentii Baker & C.H.Wright (1905); T. enetotrichum R.R.Mill. in sched.
Sudan, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Trichodesma hildebrandtii Gurke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 61 (1895).
Trichodesma cardiosepalum Oliv. (1895). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, J.T. Bent 115 (K, holo.); T. arabicum Baker. ined.
Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Trichodesma stocksii Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 2, 3: 140 (1856).
Oman, S Iran to Pakistan. Oman.
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BRASSICACEAE
Anastatica hierochuntica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 895 (1763).Canary Islands, Sahara to Iraq and Arabian Peninsula, S Iran to SW Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Arabidopsis pumila (Stephan) N.Busch, Fl. Caucasus Crit. 3(4): 457 (1909).
E Europe, SW and C Asia. Oman.
Brassica tournefortii Gouan, Ill. Observ. Bot. 44. t. 20, f. A (1773).
S and W Europe, N Africa and SW Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Pfl.-Gatt.: 85 (1792).
Cosmopolitan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Cardaria draba (L.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 163 (1815).
Lepidium draba L. (1753).
Throughout the warmer regions of the world, as a weed of cultivation. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Clypeola aspera Turrill, J. Bot. 60: 269, in obs. (1922).
E Central & SE Turkey to Central Asia and W. Pakistan, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Clypeola jonthlaspi L., Sp. Pl.: 652 (1753).
S Europe, N Africa, SW and C Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith, Fl. Brit. 2: 691 (1800).
Lepidium didymum L. (1767).
Cosmopolitan; weedy. Warm regions of the world. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Dichasianthus runcinatus (Lag. ex DC.) V.I.Dorof., Konspekt Fl. Kavkaza 3(2): 450 (2012).
Sisymbrium runcinatum Lag. ex DC. (1821).
Mediterranean region, Northern Africa, Caucasus, Jordan, Palestine, Iraq, Iran, Turmenistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Diplotaxis acris (Forssk.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 389 (1867).
Hesperis acris Forssk. (1775).
E Sahara to S Turkey and N Central Arabian Peninsula. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 388 (1867).
Sinapis harra Forssk. (1775).
N Africa and SW Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Draba verna L., Sp. Pl. 2: 642 (1753).
Erophila verna (L.) DC. (1821).
Europe, Asia, N Africa; introduced into Australia and temperate America. Oman.
Eremobium aegyptiacum (Spreng.) Asch. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] Suppl.: 30 (1888).
Eremobium lineare (Del.) Boiss. (1867); Malcomia aegyptiaca Spreng. (1825).
N Africa, Palestine, Jordan, Iran, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Eruca sativa Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: [unpaged] Eruca no. 1 (1768).
Eruca lativalvis Boiss. (1867).
Native of Europe, introduced and cultivated in N Africa and SW Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Erucaria hispanica (L.) Druce, Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles Rep 3(5): 418 (1914).
Sinapis hispanica L. (1753).
S Europe, N Africa, SW Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Erucastrum arabicum Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 5: 35 (1838).
Brassica schimperi Boiss (1842); Brassica arabica (Fisch. & Mey.) Fiori (1912).
Egypt to Namibia, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Farsetia aegyptia Turra, Farset. Nov. Gen. 5. t. 1 (1765).
Lunaria scarbra Forssk. (1775); Farsetia ovalis Boiss. (1849).
N Africa, Sinai, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Farsetia dhofarica Jonsell & A.G.Mill., Symb. Bot. Uppsal. 25(3): 98 (1986). –Type: Oman, Jazir coast, Popov 68/53 (BM holo.; UPS, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Farsetia heliophila Bunge ex Coss., Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 227 (1887).
Farsetia arabica Boulos (1978).
Iran and Pakistan. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Farsetia latifolia Jonsell & A.G. Miller, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(3): 57 (1986). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Thamrait-Salalah rd., 1.x.79, Miller 2404 (holotype E, isotype UPS).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Farsetia linearis Decne. ex Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 2, 17: 150 (1842). –Type: Oman, Aucher-Éloy 4069 (syntypes BM, FI, K, P).
Cheiranthus linearis Forssk. (1775).
Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Farsetia longisiliqua Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 2, 4: 69 (1835).
Farsetia stylosa (Steud.) T.Anderson (1860), non R.Br. (1826).
Egypt to Somalia (borders of the Red Sea). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen
Farsetia stylosa R.Br., Denh. & Clapp. Trav. App.: 216 (1826).
Farsetia hamiltonii Royle (1834); F. prostrata (Hochst. & Steud.) Hochst. (1848); F. ramosissima E.Fourn. (1864).
Tropical and NE Africa, S Iran, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Lepidium aucheri Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 2, 17: 195 (1842).
Egypt and SW Asia (excluding Turkey). Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia.
Lepidium sativum L., Sp. Pl.: 644 (1753).
Native to Egypt and W Asia, introduced and naturalized elsewhere or cultivated. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Malcolmia africana (L.) W.T.Aitoin, Hort. Kew. ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 4: 121 (1812).
Hesperis africana L. (1753); Strigosella africana (L.) Botsch. (1972).
Mediterranean region, SW Asia and N China. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Fl. Orient. [Bpossier] 1: 386 (1867).
Brassica sinaica Boiss. (1842).
Egypt, Iran, Pakistan (Baluchistan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Morettia parviflora Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, 17: 60 (1842).
Egypt, Sinai, Palestine and Jordan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Morettia philaeana (Delile) DC., Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 426 (1821).
Sinapis philaeana Delile (1813); Morettia asperrima Boiss. (1842).
N and NE Africa south to Somalia. Oman, (?) Saudi Arabia.
Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 162 (1815).
Europe, Russia, Far East, China. Oman, Saudi Arabia
Notoceras bicorne Amo, Fl. Fan. Penins. Iberica 6: 536 (1835).
Notoceras canariensis R.Br. (1812).
Canary Islands, Mauritania, SE Spain, N Africa to W Himalaya and Arabian Peninsula. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Physorhynchus chamaerapistrum Boiss. Fl. Or. [Boissier] 1: 403 (1867).
Zilla chamaerapistrum Boiss. (1842).
W & S Iran, SW Pakistan, reaching westwards to Northern Oman and the hilly areas of the UAE. Oman, UAE.
Raphanus raphanistrum L., Sp. Pl.: 669 (1753).
Europe, N Africa, SW and C Asia. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen (N).
Savignya parviflora Webb, Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-aegypt. 14 (1854).
Lunaria parviflora Delile (1813); Savignya aegyptiaca DC. (1821).
N Africa, SW Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Sinapis arvensis L., Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 668 (1753).
Europe, N Africa, SW and C Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Sisymbrium erysimoides Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 84, t. 158 (1798).
Macaronesia, Spain, northern Africa to E Tanzania; Arabian Peninsula, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Iran, Pakistan. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Sisymbrium irio L., Sp. Pl.: 659 (1753).
SW and C Asia, Europe and N & NE Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Zilla spinosa (L.) Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Englar & Prantl.] 3(2): 175 (1891).
Buias spinosa L. (1769).
N Africa, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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BURSERACEAE
Boswellia sacra Fleuck., Lehrb. Pharmakogn. Pflanzenr.: 31 (1867).Boswellia carteri Birdwood (1883).
Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Commiphora foliacea Sprague, Icon. Pl. 27: t. 3105 (1927).
NE Somalia, Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Christ., Dansk. Bot. Arkiv, 4 (9): 18 (1922).
Amyris gileadensis L. (1764); Synonyms: Amyris opobalsamum L. (1764); Commiphora opobalsamum (L.) Engl. (1883).
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Commiphora kua (R.Br. ex Royle) Vollesen, Nordic J. Bot. 4(1): 37 (1984).
Balsamodendron kua R.Br. ex Royle (1847); Balsamodendron habessinicum O.Berg (1862); Balsamodendron africanum var. abyssinicum (O.Berg.) Oliv. (1868); Commiphora habessinica (O.Berg.) Engl. in DC. (1883), as “C. abyssinica”; C. habessinica (Berg.) Engl. var. crenulata A.Terr. (1893); C. habessinica (O.Berg.) Engl. var. simplicifolia Schweinf. (1899) pro parte; C. crenulate (A.Terr.) Chiov. (1915); C. gowello Sprague (1927); C. kua var. gowello (Sprague) Gillett (1991).
E and NE tropical Africa. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Commiphora myrrha Engl., Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 10 (1883).
Ethiopia to NE Kenya, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari, Bull. Bot. Sur. India 6: 327 (1965).
Basionym: Balsamodendron wightii Arnott (1839); Balsamodendron mukul Baill. (1874-75); Commiphora mukul Engl. in DC. (1883).
SW Pakistan (Baluchistan), Iran, W India. Oman, ?UAE.
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CAMPANULACEAE
Wahlenbergia flexuosa (Hook.f. & Thomson) Thulin, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 21(1): 158 (1975).Cephalostigma flexuosum Hook.f. & Thoms. (1857).
NE tropical Africa to Cameroon and south to Malawi; SW Arabia and India. Oman.
Campanula erinus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 169 (1753).
Mediterranean region, N Africa, Ethiopia, Sudan, and SW Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Campanula akhdarensis Miller & Whitcombe, Edinburgh J. Bot. 41(1): 109 (1983). – Type: Northern Oman, Jabal Akhdar, between An Nid and Masjid Mu’alla, 4 Oct. 1978, R. Whitcombe 379 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Lobelia heyniana Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schiltes] 5: 50 (1819).
Ethiopia, Tanzania, Zambia, Congo (DR), and from India east to China. Oman.
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CANNABACEAE
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2(1–8): 62 (1856).Celtis orientalis L. (1753); Trema guineensis (Schumach.) Engl. var. hochstetteri (Buchinger) Engl. (1915).
Tropical Africa, Madagascar, and tropical Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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CAPPARACEAE
Boscia arabica Pest., Bull. Herb. Boissier 6, App. 3: 127 (1898).Oman, Yemen. A regional endemic.
Cadaba baccarinii Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 13: 377 (1915).
Somalia. Oman.
Cadaba farinosa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 68 (1775).
Egypt, tropical Africa, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cadaba heterotricha Stocks, Icon. Pl. 5: t. 839 (1851).
E and NE Africa, Pakistan, India. Oman, Yemen.
Capparis cartilaginea Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 2, 3: 273 (1835).
Tropical N and E and SW Africa to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew., Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 6: 184 (1862).
Sodada decidua Forssk. (1775); Capparis aphylla Roth. (1821).
N and tropical Africa, Palestine, eastwards to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Capparis macleishii (A.G.Mill.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 139 (2018).
Dhofaria macleishii A.G.Mill., Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(1): 55–60 (1988). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, E of Aqarhanawt, 1600 m, 23.ix.1984, Miller 6330 (E, holo., K, ON, UPS iso.).
Oman, Yemen(?). A regional endemic.
Capparis spinosa L., Sp. Pl.: 503 (1753).
(Including Capparis mucronifolia Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1.: 5 (1843)).
C. leucophylla DC. (1824); C. spinosa L. var. aegyptia (Lam.) Boiss. (1867).
N Africa, S Europe eastwards to Turkey, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Maerua crassifolia Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 103 & 104 (1775).
Maerua uniflora Vahl (1790), nom. illegit; M. arabica J.F.Gmel. (1791).
Tropical and NE Africa, Palestine, Iran and Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 32, t. 5 (1847).
Capparis oblongifolia Forssk. (1775).
Tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lomelosia olivieri (Coult.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 15(1) 75 (1985).Scabiosa olivieri Coult. (1823).
Caucasus, C Asia, east Mediterranean region, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Lonicera hypoleuca Decne., Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4 (Bot.): 81, t. 89 (1843).
Lonicera aucheri Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 137. t. 73 (1845). –Type: Monte Akadar, regni Mascate Arabiae, Aucher-Éloy 4640 (P, syn.; K, W; isosyn.); Lonicera aurea Auch. ex Hook.f. & Thomson (1858). –Type as for L. aucheri.
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan to the western Himalayas. Oman.
Pterocephalus brevis Coult., Mem. Dipsac. 32. T. 1. F. 16
Eastern Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula to Turkey and Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Valeriana discoidea Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 184 (1797).
Valerianella discoidea (Willd.) Loisel. (1810).
Canary Islands, N Africa, Mediterranean Europe to W Iran, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Valeriana szovitsiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 149 (2018).
Valerianella szovitsiana Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (1837).
Egypt, Arabian Peninsula, Turkey to Pakistn, Central Asia and W Himalaya. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
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CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Arenaria leptoclados (Reichb.) Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2(1): 284 (1844).Arenaria serpyllifolia L. var. leptoclados Reichb. (1841); A. foliacea Turrill (1954).
Apr., May.
S and C Europe, Caucasus, Turkey to Iran, and south to NW Africa, Sudan and Ethiopia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cometes abyssinica (R.Br.) in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 18, t. 18 (1829).
NE Africa and Ethiopia to NW India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Cometes surattensis L., Mant. Pl. 39 (1767).
Egypt, Iraq, S Iran, S Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Dianthus cyri Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 4: 34 (1837).
SW Asia, from E Turkey to Afghanistan. Oman, UAE.
Dianthus crinitus Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: 300 (1794).
D. crinitus var. crossopetalus Boiss. (1867).
SE Europe and SW Asia from Turkey to Afghanistan and C Asia. Oman, UAE.
Gymnocarpos decandrus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.- Arab.: 65 (1775) as ‘G. decandrum’.
Paronychia decandra (Forssk.) Rohweder & Urmi-Konig (1975); Gymnocarpos decandrus f. salsoloides (Webb ex Christ) Chaudhri (1968).
N Africa, Canary Islands, Palestine, Jordan, S Iran, SW Afghanistan, SW Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Gymnocarpos dhofarensis Petruss. & Thulin, Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(1): 15 (1996).– Type: Oman, Dhofar, main Salalah to Thamrait rd., 4.x.1976, A.G. Miller 2524 (E, holo., K, iso.).
A regional endemic. Oman, Yemen (E).
Gymnocarpos rotundifolius Petruss. & Thulin, Edinburgh J. Bot. 53: 19 (1996). – Type: Oman, Dhofar, gravel plain W of Sawqirah, 29.iv.76, A.G. Miller 6476 (E, holo., K, UPS, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Gypsophila bellidifolia Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1: 11 (1843). – Type. [Oman], Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 4263 (G, G-Boiss, K, P, syn.).
Saponaria barbata Barkoudah (1962).
SW Pakistan (Baluchistan). Oman, UAE.
Gypsophila montana Balf. f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 11: 501 (1882).
Saponaria montana (Balf. f.) Barkoudah (1962).
Somalia. Oman, Soqotra Yemen.
Herniaria hirsuta L., Sp. Pl.: 218 (1753).
Europe, Asia (except in the north), N Africa. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Herniaria maskatensis Bornm., Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 6: 51 (1894). –Type. Oman, Bornmüller 181 (B, G, JE, syn.).
Oman, Yemen(S).
Holosteum glutinosum (Beib.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminem [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus) 5. 52 (1839).
Arenaria glutinosa Bieb. (1808); Holosteum umbellatum L. var. glutinosum (Bieb.) Gay (1845).
SW Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk., Fl. URSS 6: 488 (1936).
Arenaria hybrida Vill. (1779).
Mediterranean region, SW Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Minuartia meyeri (Boiss.) Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centrabl. Abt. 2. 27(2): 318 (1910).
Alsine meyeri Boiss. (1849).
SW Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Paronychia arabica DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 130 (1813).
Syraia, S Iraq, S Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Polycarpaea jazirensis R.A.Clement, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 53 (1994). – Type: Oman, Dhofar, A.G. Miller 6470 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf ex Asch. Österr. Bot. Z. 39: 26, in obs. (1889).
Corrigiola repens Forssk. (1775).
Distributed from Africa eastwards to Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen, ?UAE.
Polycarpaea robbairea (Kuntz) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12: 189 (1982).
Robbairea prostrata (Forssk.) Boiss. (1867) pro parte, excl. nom. et syn. Forssk.; Polycarpon [“Polycarpa”] robbairea Kuntze (1891); Robbairea delileana Milne-Redhead (1948).
N Africa, Sudan, and Palestine. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Polycarpaea spicata Wight ex Arn., Ann. Nat. Hist. 3(15): 91 (1839).
Egypt, E Africa, S Iran, Pakistan, India. Bahrain, Oman, Soqotra, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Polycarpon succulentum J.Gay, Rev. Bot. Bull. Recueil Mens. 2: 372 (1847).
Egypt, Sinai, Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq. Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia.
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (2): 881 (1759).
Mollugo tetraphylla L. (1753).
W and C Europe, Mediterranean area, Syrian desert, N Iran. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sclerocephalus arabicus (Decne.) Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1 3: 12 (1843). –Type: [Oman], Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 4513 (K, G-Boiss., syn.).
Paronychia sclerocephala Decne. (1835).
N Africa, Egypt through Arabia to W Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Silene apetala Willd., Sp. pl. ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2(1): 703 (1799).
Mediterranean region, SW Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Silene austroiranica Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75(3): 349 (1951).
Iraq, Iran, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Silene conoidea L., Sp. Pl.: 418 (1753).
Circumboreal. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Silene chirensis A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 44 (1847).
S. hochstetteri Rohrb. (1867); S. schweinfurthii Rohrb. (1867); S. arabica F.N.Williams (1896); S. burchellii DC. var. schweinfurthii (Rohrb.) Täckh. & Boulos (1974)
NE Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Silene villosa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 88 (1775).
Palestine, Egypt, W Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Sphaerocoma aucheri Boiss., Fl. Orient [Boissier] 1: 739 (1867).
S Iran, S Pakistan, Sudan. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Spergula fallax E.H.L.Krause in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. (Strum), ed. 2, 5: 19 (1901).
Spergularia fallax var. pentandra Boiss. (1853); Spergularia fallax Lowe (1856).
SW Asia, Arabia, N Africa, Canary Island and the Mediterranean region. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(1, Lief. 11): 849 (1919).
Arenaria bocconii Sol. (1825), nom. nud.; Alsine bocconii Scheele (1843).
Mediterranean region; introduced elsewhere. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Spergularia diandra (Guss.) Heldr. (Guss.) Heldr., Pl. Atticae 1848 s.n. (1851).
Arenaria diandra Guss. (1827).
S Europe, N Africa, SW and C Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: (2/3) 213 (1843).
Arenaria rubra L. var. marina L. (1753).
Throughout the warmer regions of the northern hemisphere. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 3: 615 (1789).
Alsine media L. (1753).
Cosmopolitan. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Xerotia arabica Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2359 (1895).
Oman, Yemen(S).
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CELASTRACEAE
Gymnosporia dhofarensis (Sebsebe) Jordaan, Taxon 55(2): 521 (2006)Maytenus dhofarensis Sebsebe (1985). –Type: Oman, Jebel Qara, Wadi Ayn Arzat, ± 200 m, 23 Sept. 1979, A.G. Miller 2150 (E, holo.; K, iso.).
A regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17(5): 541 (1893).
Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell, Bol. Soc. Brot., ser 2, 26: 223 (1952).
Celastrus senegalensis Lam. (1785).
Throughout Tropical and S Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum demersum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 992 (1753).Cosmopolitan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
CISTACEAE
Helianthemum citrinum Ghaz., Willdenowia 32: 69 (2002). –Type: Oman: Dhofar, Jebel Qamar, 9 Oct. 1979, A.G. Miller 2619 (E, holo.; K, iso.).Oman, Yemen.
Helianthemum kahiricum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 237 (1813).
Cistus stipulatus var. B Forssk. (1775).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. 3: 130 (1802).
Cistus lippii L. (1771) as “lippi”.
E Sudan, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and the southern Mediterranean region. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. Helianthemum no. 21 (1768).
Cistus salicifolius L. (1753).
W and C Europe, Caucasus, Syria, Iran, Palestine. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
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CLEOMACEAE
Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. n.s., i. No. 4, 25 (1905).N Africa & NE Africa, Arabia, Iraq and Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Cleome brachycarpa Vahl ex DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 240 (1824).
Tropical and NE Africa, Egypt, Arabian Peninsula, S Iran to NW India. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Cleome brevipetiolata D.F.Chamb. & J.Lamond, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 49 (1994). –Type: Oman, Miller 6021 (E, holo.; K, ON, UPS, iso.)
Endemic. Oman.
Cleome droserifolia Delile, Fl. Egypt. 250
C. austroarabica D.F.Chamb. & J.Lamond subsp. austroarabica (1994). – Type: Oman, Dhofar, Miller 6247 (E, holo.; K, KTUH, ON, UPS, iso.); C. austroarabica D.F.Chamb. & J.Lamond subsp. muscatensis D.F.Chamb. & J.Lamond, Edinb. (1994). – Type: Oman, Miller & Nyberg 9569 (E, holo.; K, ON, iso.)
Libya, Egypt, Somalia, Somalia, Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Palestine, Syria. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Cleome gynandra L., Sp. Pl. 2: 671 (1753).
Cleome pentahylla L. (1753); Gynandropsis pentaphylla (L.) DC. (1824); G. gynandra (L.) Briq. (1914).
Pantropical. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Cleome omanensis (D.F.Chamb. & J.Lamond) Thulin, Nordic J. Bot. 22(2) 217 (2003).
C. albescens Franchet subsp. omanensis D.F.Chamb. & Lamond (1994). –Type: Oman, Miller & Nyberg 9029 (E, holo.)
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Cleome pallida Kotschy, Sitzungsber. Acad. Wien, Math.-Nat. lii. Abth. I. 262 (1866).
Dipterygium glaucum Decne. (1835); D. glaucum Decne. var. macrocarpa Blatter (1919–1936).
Egypt to Somalia and NW India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Cleome quinquenervia DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 239 (1824).
C. noeana Boiss. (1853); C. dolichostyla Jafri (1957); C. noeana subsp. brachystyla (Deflers) D.F.Chamb. & J.Lamond (1994); Rorida quinquenervia (DC.) Thulin & Roalson (2017).
Arabian Peninsula through Iraq and Iran to Pakistan and C Asia (Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan).
Cleome rupicola Vicary, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 16(2): 1158 (1847).
C. oxypetala var. micrantha Boiss. (1867).
SE Iran and Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Cleome scaposa DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 239 (1824).
Cleome gracilis Edgew. (1847).
N and tropical Africa, to Pakistan & India. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
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COMBRETACEAE
Terminalia dhofarica (A.J.Scott) Gere & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 184(3): 320 (2017).Anogeissus dhofarica A.J.Scott (1979). – Type: Oman, Jebel Qara, Dhofar, 1 Oct. 1943, Vesey-Fitzgerald 12358 (holotype BM, isotype K).
A regional endemic, found in the Mahra region (SE Yemen) in Hauf, and as outlier on Ras Fartak (SE Yemen). Oman, Yemen.
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COMMELINACEAE
Aneilema forskaolii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 71 (1843). – Type. Yemen, Al Hadiyah (“Hadie”, “Bolghose” on field label) Forsskål 31, 32, 33 (C, syn.).Commelina tuberosa sensu Forssk. (1775), non L. (1763); C. paniculata Vahl (1805), non Hill (1773).
Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Commelina forskalaei ['forskalei'] Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 172 (1805). – Type. Yemen, 1763, Forsskål (C, holo.).
NE and E Africa, S Africa, Senegal, Madagascar, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Commelina albescens Hassk., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 210 (1867).
Tropical N and E Africa, India, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
SPECIES EXPECTED TO OCCUR IN OMAN
Commelina erecta L., Sp. Pl. 41 (1753).Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, and in the Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Commelina benghalensis L., Sp. Pl. 41 (1753).
Old World Tropics, and, in the Arabian Peninsula it is recorded from Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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CONVOLVULACEAE
Convolvulus acanthocladus Boiss. & Kotschy., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 7, 27 (1846).SW Pakistan (Baluchistan), Iran. Oman, UAE.
Convolvulus arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 153 (1753).
Convolvulus hastatus Forssk. (1775). – Type: Egypt, Forsskål 1131, 1132, 1133 (C, syn.).
Subtropical and temperate parts of the world. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Soqotra, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Convolvulus cephalopodus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 7, 24 (1846).
Synonym: Convolvulus buschiricus Bornm. (1945).
Iraq, Iran and SW Pakistan.Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Convolvulus fatmensis Kunze, Index Seminum [Leipzig] 1839: 2, adnot. (1839).
Type: Oman, Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Wadi Fatima, Schimper 839 (lectotype LZ, lecto.; GOET, HGB, JE, K, L, P, W, isolecto.).
Egypt, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, ?Jordan, Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Convolvulus glomeratus Choisy, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle]9: 401 (1845).
Convolvulus arabicus Hochst. ex Hallier f. (1893).
Egypt, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Palestine, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen, UAE.
Convolvulus hystrix Vahl., Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 1: 16 (1790).
Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Convolvulus leiocalycinus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. 1, 7: 28 (1846).
Arabian Peninsula, Iran to C, Asia and Pakistan. Oman.
Convolvulus oppositifolia Al Farhan, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 106: 259 (1991). –Type: Oman, Sahil Al Jazir, Wadi Qadam, 50 m, 13 May 1983, Gallagher 6763/2 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 203 (1775). –Type: Yemen, Wadi Mawr (“Mor”), Jan. 1763, Forsskål 438, 446, 1138 (C, syn.).
Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. ex Spreng. (1825); C. desertii Hochst. & Steud. (1837). – Type: Arabia, near Jeddah (Dscheddam), Schimper 738 (K, L, M, MPU, syn.).
Egypt, Sudan, Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Convolvulus ulicinus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 7, 26 (1846). –Type: Oman, Muscat, Aucher–Éloy 4936 (P, holo.; G, K, LE, W, iso.).
SW Pakistan (Baluchistan) and Iran. Oman.
Convolvulus virgatus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 7, 25 (1846).
Convolvulus mascatensis Boiss. (1846). –Type: Oman, Muscat, Aucher–Éloy 4938 (P, holo.; G, K, iso.) ; C. virgatus var. subaphyllus Boiss. (1875).–Type as for C. mascatensis.
Regional endemic. Iran. Oman, UAE.
Cressa cretica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 223 (1753).
N and NE Africa, southern Europe, east to Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Soqotra, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Cuscuta pedicellata Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 293, t. 234 (1829).
Cuscuta arabica Fresen. (1834).
N and NE Africa, Iran, Turkey to C Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Cuscuta planiflora Ten., Fl. Napol. 3 250 (1829) var. planiflora
Cuscuta planiflora var. holstii Baker & Rendle (1906); C. abyssinica A.Rich. (1851); C. planiflora var. abyssinica (A.Rich.) Verdc. (1954); C. somaliensis Yuncker (1932).
Widespread in tropical and N Africa, southern Europe, southern Asia; introduced into Australia. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Hildebrandtia africana Vatke, Schriften Berlin Geo. Nat. Fr. 1876: 8 (1876) subsp. arabica Sebsebe, Kew Bull. 51(3): 529 (1996). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Coastal cliffs of Ras Hamar, west of Salalah, 150 m, 17 Sep. 1984, Miller 6115 (E, holo.; K, iso.).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ipomoea aitonii Lindl., Edward’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1794 (1835).
Ipomoea dichroa Choisy (1845); I. arachnosperma Welw. (1859).
Wood (Fl. Yemen, 1997: 235 (as dichroa)) records that leaves are usually entire in Yemen.
Oman, Yemen.
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 44 (1775). –Type: Yemen, Zabid (Zebid), Forsskål 447 (C, holo.; BM, iso.).
Pantropical. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 287 (1826).
Convolvulus cairicus L. (1759) ; Ipomoea palmata Forssk. (1775). – Type: Egypt, Forsskål 432, 448 (C, syn.).
Throughout tropical Africa and Asia. Oman, Soqotra, Saudi Arabia, Yemen; also found on.
Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 484 (1810).
Ipomoea hispida (Vahl) Roem. & Schultes (1819).
Naturalised throughout tropical Africa and Asia.Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth., Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797).
Convolvulus nil L. (1762).
Native of tropical America, naturalised throughout the Old World tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. Bot. Reg. 3: t. 239 (1817).
Convolvulus obscurus L. (1762).
Tropical and south Africa, Madagascar, Arabia through to tropical Asia to China and Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br., Observ. Congo 58 (1818).
Convolvulus pes-caprae L. (1753); Ipomoea biloba Forssk. (1775). – Type: Yemen, Zabid (Zebid), Forsskål 451, 4–5 April, 1763 (C) & Forsskål s.n. (BM) (see also note in Hepper & Friis, The Plants of Pehr Forsskål’s Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica, 1994, p. 138).
Pantropical.Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen. Recorded on Soqotra in 1957 but not seen or collected recently (Miller & Morris, Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago, 2004: 521).
Ipomoea sinensis (Desr.) Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen. 6: 459 (1834) subsp. blepharosepala (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Meeuse, Bothalia 6: 729 (1958).
Convolvulus sinensis Desr. (1791); Ipomoea blepharosepala Hochst ex A.Rich. (1850).
Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, India.Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Oman plants under subsp. blepharosepala. Subsp. sinensis with larger sepals is found in eastern Africa, Yemen and through tropical Asia eastwards to Taiwan.
Ipomoea turbinata Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 10 (1816).
An Indian species, probably an escape from cultivation. Oman.
Merremia somalensis (Vatke) Hallier f., Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 226 (1893).
Convolvulus somalensis Vatke (1882); C. hadramauticus Baker (1894). – Type: Yemen, between Tokhum and Ghafit, J.T. Bent (K, holo., not located).
Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hall.f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16(4-5): 552 (1893).
Convolvulus dissectus Jacq. (1767).
A native of the Americas cultivated and naturalized in Africa, Asia, Malaysia and Australia. Oman
Seddera glomerata (Balf.f.) Schwartz, Mitt. Inst. Bot. Hamburg 10: 197 (1939) subsp. dhofarensis R.R.Mill, Kew Bull. 64(2): 224 (2009). –Type: Oman, Dhofar: Jebel Qara, Salalah to Thamrait road, 810 m, 22 Sept. 1985, A.G. Miller 7751 (E, holo.; K, ON, iso.).
Oman, Yemen.
Seddera latifolia Hochst. & Steud. [in sched. Schimper Unio It. 1837] (1844: 8, t. 5, f. B & C).
Breweria latifolia Hochst. (1844). –Type: Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, near Ferihe, Schimper 884 (B, holo. destroyed; G–¬DC, K, iso.).
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Niger, Mauritania, Egypt, Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra UAE, Yemen.
Seddera velutina R.R.Mill, Kew Bull. 64(2): 206 (2009). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Afal, 5 Sept. 1989, Miller & Nyberg; M9103 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Seddera retusa R.R.Mill, Kew Bull. 64(2): 205 (2009). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Afal, 50 m, 5 Sept. 1989, Miller & Nyberg M9095 (E, holo.; K, ON, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Stictocardia macalusoi (Mattei) Verdc., Kew Bull. 15(1): 6 (1961).
Ipomoea macalusoi Mattei (1908); Stictocardia tiliifolia (Descr.) Hallier f. (1893) subsp. macalusoi (Mattei) Verdc. (1958); Ipomoea punctata Baker (1895). –Type: Oman, Dhofar mountains, Derbat (Darbat), J.T. Bent 229 (K, holo.).
Native to Somalia; introduced into Kenya, Oman, Yemen, Sri Lanka. Oman, Yemen.
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CRASSULACEAE
Crassula alata (Viv.) A.Berger in Engl. & Prantl., Naturl. Pflanzenfam; fl. ed. 2, 18a: 389 (1930).Tillaea alata Viv. (1831).
N Africa east to Iran, Pakistan and NW India. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE.
Rosularia adenotricha (Wall. ex Edgew.) C.-A.Jansson in Fl. Iranica 72: 29 (1970).
Sedum adenotrichum Wall. ex Edgew. (1846).
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Himalayas. Oman, UAE.
Sedum hispanicum L., Cent. pl. I: 12 (1755).
S & C Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq, N Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Kalanchoe glaucescens Britten, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 2: 393 (1871).
NE and E tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. Candolle] 3: 400 (1828).
Cotyledon horizontalis Guss. (1826).
Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula to Turkey. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen, UAE.
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CUCURBITACEAE
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad., Linnaea 12: 414 (1838).Cucumis colocynthis L. (1753).
N tropical Africa to SW India. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. (1959)., the watermelon is commonly cultivated in farms on the Batinah and is sometimes found as an escape in irrigated and waste places.
Corallocarpus epigaeus (Roettler) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 2(6): 628 (1879).
Bryonia epigaea Rottlb. (1803).
NE and parts of W Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?UAE, Yemen.
Corallocarpus glomeruliflorus (Deflers) Cogn., Pflanzenr. [Engler] 4, 275 (1): 174 (1916); Schweinf. ex Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 304 in syn. (1895).
Phialocarpus glomeruliflorus Deflers (1895); Kedrostis glomeruliflora (Defl.) Jeffrey (1962).
NE Africa and parts of W Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cucumis canoxyi Thulin & A.N.Al-Gifri, Nord. J. Bot. 14(3): 315 (1994).
Regional Endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Cucumis maderaspatanus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1012 (1753).
Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. (1846).
Old World tropics from W Africa to New Guinea and Australia. Oman.
Cucumis melo L., Sp. Pl.: 1011 (1753).
NE and E Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cucumis prophetarum L., Cent. 1: 32 (1755) subsp. prophetarum. –Type: Arabia, Aucher-Éloy 4503 (G, G-Boiss., P), Bornmüller 358 (LY, syn.; K isosyn.).
Cucumis mascatensis Gand. (1918). Type as above.
N Africa, and from Arabia to India. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
C. prophetarum subsp. dissectus (Naud.) C.Jeffrey (1962) is separated on its dense and longer fruit spines (4–6 mm) and deeply dissected leaves.
Cucumis pustulatus Hook.f., Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 2: 544 (1871).
C. figarei sensu auct., non. Del. ex Naud (1859).
Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea. Oman, Yemen.
Cucumis sativus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1012 (1753).
Tropics. Oman, Yemen.
Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15(3): 352 (1962).
Bryonia palmata L. (1753).
Tropical Africa, NW India, China, Australia. Oman, Yemen.
Luffa acutangla (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 713 (1832).
Cucumis acutangla L. (1753).
Pakistan to E Himalaya, Bangladesh. Introduced into Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Zehneria anomala C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15(3): 364, f. 3 (1962).
Tropical C and E & NE Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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CYMODOCEACEAE
Halodule uninervis (Forssk.), Boiss., Fl. Orient [Boissier] 5: 24 (1882).Zostera uninervis Forsskål (1775). –Type. Yemen, Al Mukha (Moccha), Forsskål (not located).
Indian Ocean and the western Pacific, and along the eastern coasts of Africa, from the Red Sea to S Africa. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Syringodium isoetifolium (Aschers.) Dandy, J. Bot. 77: 116 (1939).
Cymodocea isoetifolia Aschers. (1867).
tropical Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles extending throughout Malaysia into the western Pacific. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forssk.) den Hartog, Verh. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Nat., 59 (1): 188 (1970). –Type. Yemen, Al Mukha (Moccha), Forsskål (lecto. C, BM).
Zostera ciliata Forrsk. (1775).
Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean, eastern Malesia, Solomon Islands and shores of Queensland. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE. Possibly also occurs in other coastal areas of the Gulf.
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CYNOMORIACEAE
Cynomorium coccineum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 970 (1753).Canary Islands, N. Africa, Somalia, Arabian Peninsula to Mongolia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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CYPERACEAE
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla, Koch, Syn. Deutsch. Schweiz. Fl. ed. 3, 3: 2531 (1904).Scirpus maritimus L. (1753); Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye (1971).
Africa, through Arabia eastwards to Pakistan; introduced to N America. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl, Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 32 (1809) subsp. mariscus
Schoenus mariscus L. (1753).
Europe, Caucasus and Turkey eastwards to Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and Kashmir; N Africa, through Arabia to Palestine and Syria; Kazakhstan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Cyperus alulatus J.Kern, Reinwardtia 1: 464 (1952).
Afghanistan to Nepal and central India. Oman.
Cyperus amauropus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 33 (1854).
Cyperus leptophyllus (C.B.Clarke) Hochst. ex Kük. (1936); Mariscus amauropus (Steud.) Cufod. (1970).
Eastern Africa (Zambia) to Eritrea. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cyperus arenarius Retz., Observ. Bot. 4: 9 (1786).
Cyperus persicus Boiss. & Hohen. (1854).
Persian Gulf to the western and eastern coasts of India and Sri Lanka. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Cyperus aucheri Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 1, t. 101 (1844).
Northeast tropical Africa. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Endl. ex Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) 24 (1844).
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. (1773).
Tropics and subtropics. Oman.
Cyperus bulbosus Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 342 (1805).
Africa to India and Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 21 (1773). –Type. Arabia, Forsskål, s.n. (C, lecto.).
Africa and western Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Cyperus difformis L., Cent. Pl. 2: 6 (1756).
Africa, southeast Asia and the Pacific. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cyperus dubius Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 20 (1773).
Mariscus dubius (Rottb.) Kük. ex G.E.C.Fischer (1931).
Tropical and south Africa through India to tropical Asia. Oman.
Cyperus esculentus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 45 (1753).
Africa; southern Europe, Turkey to Iran and Pakistan. Oman, Yemen.
Cyperus iria L., Sp. Pl.: 45 (1753).
Cyperus iria L. var. paniciformis C.B.Clarke (1893).
Tropical Africa, Malaysia, Australia; from Arabia to China; introduced in North and South America. Oman.
Cyperus jeminicus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 25 (1773).
Cape Verde, western Africa and Madagascar; India. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cyperus laevigatus L., Mant. Pl. 2: 179 (1771).
Pycreus laevigatus (L.) Nees (1836); Juncellus laevigatus (L.) C.B. Clarke (1893).
Tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cyperus longus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 45 (1753).
Pycreus longus (L.) Hayek (1932); Cyperus fenzelianus Steud. (1854); C. longus L. var. pallidus Boeckeler (1870).
Africa, and from Europe to the Indian subcontinent. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cyperus niveus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 12 (1788).
Tropical East Africa, and from eastern Iran to Myanmar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cyperus nutans Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 363 (1806) var. eleusinoides (Kunth) R.W.Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 898 (1924).
Cyperus eleusinoides Kunth (1837); C. nutans Vahl subsp. eleusinoides (Kunth) T.Koyama (1977).
West, tropical East and North Africa; Palestine to Afghanistan. Oman, Yemen.
Cyperus pseuderemicus Kukkonen & Väre, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 42: 474 (2005).
Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Cyperus rotundus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 45 (1753).
Cyperus tuberosus Rottb. (1773). C. retzii Nees (1834); C. nubicus Error! Bookmark not defined. C.B.Clarke (1901); C. bifax C.B. Clarke (1908); C. rotundus L. subsp. tuberosus (Rottb.) Kük. (1936); C. rotundus L. subsp. retzii (Nees) Kük. (1936).
Africa; India. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Cyperus rubicundus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 308 (1806).
Africa to India; north Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cyperus serotinus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 31 (1773) var. serotinus.
Cyperus glaber Vill. (1787) nom. illeg.
Temperate Eurasia to Indo-China. Oman.
Cyperus squarrosus L., Cent. Pl. II: 6 (1756).
Mariscus squarrosus (L.) C.B.Clarke (1893).
Tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia to North America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cyperus steadii Kükenthal, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 199 (1931).
Iran and Pakistan. Oman.
Cyperus wissmannii O.Schwartz, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 341 (1939).
Northeast tropical Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 150 (1817).
Scirpus geniculatus L. (1753) pro parte; Eleocharis capitata R. Br. (1810), non Scirpus capitatus L.
Tropical and northern Africa through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran to India; Australasia; Americas; introduced into the Pacific. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Erioscirpus comosus (Wall.) Palla, Bot. Zeitung, 2. Abt. 54(1): 148, in obs., 151, in clavi (1896).
Scirpus comosus Wall. (1820).
S Iran to Indo China. Oman.
Fimbristylis cymosa R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 228 (1810) var. spathacea (Roth) T.Koyama, Micronesica 1: 83 (1964).
Pantropical. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 291 (1805) subsp. sieberiana (Kunth) Lye, Nordic J. Bot. 2: (1982).
Fimbristylis sieberiana Kunth (1837).
Tropics and subtropics of the Old World. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 229 (1837).
Scirpus miliaceus L. (1759) nom. rej.; Scirpus quinquangularis Vahl (1805).
Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 13 (1773).
Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. (1844).
Almost cosmopolitan. Oman.
Pycreus dwarkensis (K.C.Sahni & H.B.Naithani) S.S.Hooper, Kew Bull. 40: 467 (1985).
Cyperus dwarkensis Sahni & Naithani (1976).
Somalia, from Oman to Pakistan and NW India. Oman.
Schoenoplectus litoralis (Schrad.) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299 (1888).
Scirpus litoralis Schrad. (1806).
Incl. S. litoralis subsp. thermalis (Trab.) S.S.Hooper, C.J.Saldanha & D.H. Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Distr.: 698 (1976).
Temperate Eurasia to Africa and Madagascar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Two subsp. are recognized: subsp. litoralis and subsp. thermalis (Trab.) S.S.Hooper
C.J.Saldanha & D.H.Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Distr.: 698 (1976), separated on their stems as sharply trigonous in subsp. litoralis or stems terete or distally trigonus in subsp. thermalis. Both taxa are found in Oman.
Schoenus nigricans L., Sp. Pl.: 43 (1753).
Cosmopolitan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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EBENACEAE
Euclea racemosa L., Syst. Veg. ed. 13: 747 (1774) subsp. Euclea schimperi (A.DC.) F.White, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 50(3-4): 399 (1980).Euclea schimperi (A.DC.) Dandy (1950).
S and E Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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ELATINACEAE
Bergia ammannioides Roxb., Hort Bengal. 34 (1814).Tropical and Subtropical region of the Old World. Oman.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha indica L., Sp. Pl.: 1003 (1753).Throughout the Old World tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Andrachne aspera Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 884 (1826).
A. aspera var. glandulosa Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1850).
Cape Verde Islands, W Africa and N Africa to Pakistan. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen; expected to occur in UAE.
The species is variable in its pubescence; densely glandular forms are recorded from Jebel Qara in Oman and completely glabrous forms are recorded from Yemen.
Andrachne telephioides L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1014 (1753).
A. rotundifolia (1831); A. telephioides var. rotundifolia (C.A.Mey.) Muell. Arg. in DC. (1866); A. virescens Stapf (1886).
Cape Verde Islands, Mediterranean Europe, and from N Africa to C Asia. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Chrozophora oblongifolia (Delile) A.Juss. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 850 (1826).
Croton oblongifolius Delile (1812).
NE Africa, Sinai, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Croton confertus Baker, Kew Bull. 1895: 186 (1895). –Type: Oman: Dhofar Mts, Bent 5/95 (K, holo.).
Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Dalechampia scandens L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1054 (1753) var. cordofana (Hochst. ex Webb) Müll.Arg., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1245 (1866).
D. parviflora Lam. (1786); D. cordofana Hochst. ex Webb (1849); D. scandens var. parviflora (Lam.) Müll.Arg. in DC. (1866).
Cape Verde Islands, tropical Africa, S Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Euphorbia arabica Hochst. & Steud. ex T.Anderson, Fl. Aden. 34 (1860).
Anisophyllum arabicum (Hochst. & Steud. ex Anderson) Schweinf. (1867); Chamaesyce arabica (Hochst. & Steud. ex Anderson) Soják (1972).
Kenya, NE Africa, Egypt, Iraq, Iran. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Euphorbia balsamifera Ait., Hort. Kew. [W.Aitin] 2: 137 (1789) subsp. adenensis (Deflers) P.R.O.Bally, Candollea, 20: (2): 390 (1974).
E. adenensis Deflers (1887).
Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Euphorbia cactus Ehrenb. ex Boiss., Prodr. (A.P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 82 (1862).
Ethiopia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Euphorbia cuneata Vahl, Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 53 (1791).
Tirucalli cuneata (Vahl) P.V.Heath (1996).
Tropical Africa (as far east as Mozambique), Sudan, Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Euphorbia dhofarensis S.Carter, Nord. J. Bot. 12(6): 679 (1992). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, E of Mirbat, Wadi NE of Jaffa, 4 Aug. 1985, A.G.Miller 7245 (K, holo.; E, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, SE Yemen.
Euphorbia falcata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 456 (1753).
Macaronesia, Mediterranean Europe and Africa, Arabian Peninsula to C Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia
Euphorbia granulata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 94 (1775) var. glabrata (J.Gay.) Boiss., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 34 (1862).
Chamaesyce granulata (Forssk.) Soják var. glabrata (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao (1978).
NW Kenya, NE Africa, Egypt (Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia). Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Euphorbia hadramautica Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1894(93): 341 (1894).
Euphoria oblongicaulis Baker (1895).
Somalia, Ethiopia, northern Kenya. Oman, Soqotra Yemen.
Euphorbia helioscopia L., Sp. Pl.: 459 (1753) subsp. helioscopia
N Africa, Europe, temperate Asia and Macaronesia; introduced into N America and other parts of the world. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Euphorbia heterophylla L., Sp. Pl.: 453 (1753).
Throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Euphorbia hirta L., Sp. Pl.: 454 (1753).
E. pilulifera L. (1753); Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. (1909).
Syria through to Iraq and eastwards to India, China, Malaysia, Japan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Euphorbia indica Lam., Encycl. J. Lamarck & al.] 2(2): 423 (1788).
Chamaesyce indica (Lam.) Croizat (1942); Euphorbia granulata Forssk. var. decumbens Forssk. (1775).
Native to Tropical and Subtropical America; introduced and naturalised in Tropical Africa, Arabia, Iraq eastwards to India, China, Australia. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Euphorbia larica Boiss., Cent. Euphorb. 24 (1860).
E. masirahensis Ghaz., Novon 3: 258 (1993). –Type: Oman, NE Masirah Island, Wadi Zamji, S.A. Ghazanfar 1515 (BSB, holo.; E, K, ON, SQU-H (Sultan Qaboos University), iso.)
Southern Iran through Oman to the Hadramaut. UAE, Yemen.
Euphorbia longituberculosa Hochst ex Boiss., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15, 2: 1264 (1866).
Somalia, Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Oman, Yemen (S).
Euphorbia orbiculifolia S.Carter, Kew Bull. 45(4): 653 (1990). –Type: Oman: Dhofar, A.G. Miller 6160 (K, holo.; E, iso.).
Endemic to Dhofar and SE Yemen (Al Mahra).
Euphorbia peplus L., Sp. Pl.: 456 (1753).
Europe, SW Asia, C Asia, Madeira, Canary, Tenerife, Azores, N Africa; introduced into China and Japan. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Euphorbia pirottae A.Terracc., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 5: 97 (1894).
Euphorbia gorinii Chiov. (1932).
Somalia, Ethiopia and Tanzania. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?Yemen.
Euphorbia riebeckii Pax, Bot. Jahrb. 28(1): 26 (1899).
Chamaesyce riebeckii (Pax) Soják (1972).
Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, UAE, SE Yemen.
Euphorbia schimperi C.Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 109 (1846).
Endemic to SW Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Euphorbia serpens Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2(5): 52 (1817).
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small (1903).
America to Argentina and Macaronesia. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
This species has been collected only from Musandam, but is expected to occur elsewhere in northern Oman and is perhaps overlooked.
Euphorbia smithii S.Carter, Kew Bull. 40: 821 (1985). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, debouchment of Wadi Arzat onto Salalah coastal plain, 20 Sept. 1977, Radcliffe-Smith 5107 (K, holo.).
A regional endemic. Oman, SE Yemen.
Jatropha dhofarica Radcl.-Sm., Kew Bull. 35(2): 253 (1980).
Endemic. Oman.
Jatropha glandulosa Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 80 (1790).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ricinus communis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1007 (1753).
NE tropical Africa, elsewhere naturalized and cultivated. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
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FABACEAE
Six subfamilies are recognized in the Fabaceae, of which Faboideae and Caesalpinioideae are represented in Oman. The mimosoid clade, formerly Mimosoideae or Mimosaceae – are a subclade under Caesalpinioideae and included in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae.The Faboideae are distinct in their irregular pea-like flowers – corolla differentiated into an outermost petal (standard), two lateral petals (wings) and the two innermost petals united (keel) containing the stamens and ovary.
The Caesalpinioideae has regular flowers, usually bipinnate leaves with nectaries on the petiole (formerly Mimosoideae) or flowers slightly irregular and leaves not bipinnate (formerly Caesalpinioideae s.str.).
Alhagi maurorum subsp. graecorum (Boiss.), Awmack & Lock, Kew Bull. 57(2) 441 (2002).
A. graecorum Boiss. (1949); A. maurorum var. karduchorum Boiss. (1872)
Eastern Mediterranean region, Egypt, and eastwards to Iran. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Alysicarpus glumaceus (Vahl) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 353 (1825).
Hedysarum glumaceum Vahl (1791).
Throughout tropical and NE Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottler ex Spreng.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 233 (1834).
Hedysarum logifolium Rottl. (1826).
SW Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?UAE, Yemen.
Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 353 (1825) subsp. rugosus.
Hedysarum rugosum Willd. (1802).
Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, N Oman, China (Yunnan) to Tropical Asia, N. Australia. Oman.
Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Camdolle] 2: 353 (1825).
Hedysarum vaginale L. (1753).
Sep tropical Africa and tropical Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Argyrolobium crotalarioides Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 19: 43 (1843).
Arabian Peninsula to Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Argyrolobium roseum (Cambess.) Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 2, 19: 51 (1843).
Cytisus roseus Cambess (1828-1832).
Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, India, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Astragalus arpilobus Kar & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15(2): 336 (1842)
subsp. hauarensis (Boiss.) Podlech Sendtnera 2:58 (1994).
A. hauarensis Boiss. (1849); A. gyzensis Delile (1868).
N Africa, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Astragalus crenatus Schultes, Observ. Bot. [Schultes] 186 (1809).
A. corrugatus Bertol. (1810); A. tenuirugis Boiss. (1849).
Egypt to Syria, and eastwards from Iraq to SW Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Astragalus eremophilus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, (2): 54 (1843) subsp. eremophilus
Egypt, SW Pakistan, SW Iran. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Astragalus fasciculifolius Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, (2): 73 (1843)
Astragalus fasciculifolius Boiss. subsp. arbusculinus (Bornm. & Gauba) Tietz (1988).
Astragalus arbusculinus Bornm. & Gauba (1941).
Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Astragalus schimperi Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér 1, 2: 53 (1843).
Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Sinai, Israel, Palestine, Iran, SW Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Astragalus termeanus Maasoumi & Podlech, Iran. J. Bot. 4(1): 87 (1988).
Iran. Oman.
Astragalus tribuloides Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 70 (1813).
A. minutus Boiss. (1849); A. tribuloides var. minutus (Boiss.) Boiss. (1872).
N Africa, Syria, Turkey, Caucasus, Iraq, Jordan, Sinai, Israel, Iran, SW Pakistan, India. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Astragalus vogelii (Webb) Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centrabl., Abt. 2. 33(2): 233, in adnot. (1915); Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 108: 259 (1887).
A. fatimensis Hochst. ex Chiov. (1903); Podlechiella vogelli (Webb) Maassoumi & Kaz. Osaloo (2003)
N Africa, Iran, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Bouffordia dichotoma H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93(3): 180 (2018).
Desmodium dichotomum (Willd.) DC. (1825).
Hedysarum dichotomum Willd. (1802).
Oman to China and Malesia. Oman.
Cadia purpurea (G.Piccioli) Aiton, Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 3: 492 (1789).
Cadia (sp. without epithet) Forssk. (1775); Panciatica puupurea G.Piccioli (1783); C. varia L’Her. (1795); C. arabica Raeusch (1797).
N & E Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, N Kenya. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ceratonia oreothauma subsp. oreothauma Hillc., G.P.Lewis & Verdc., Kew Bull. 35(2): 261 (1980).
Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Crotalaria aegyptiaca Benth., London J. Bot. 2: 473 (1843).
N Africa, Palestine, Israel, Jordan. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Crotalaria leptocarpa Balf.f., Bot. Socotra 66: t. 14/a (1888).
Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Crotalaria medicaginea Lam., Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 2(1): 201 (1786).
Afghanistan, Malaysia, China, Australia. Oman.
Crotalaria persica (Burm.f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 19: 354 (1921).
Cytisus persicus Burm.f. (1768).
Pakistan (Baluchistan), Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Crotalaria pteropoda Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 11: 508 (1882).
Somalia. Oman, Soqotra.
Crotalaria retusa L., Sp. Pl. 2: 715 (1753).
Pantropical. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Crotalaria saltiana Andrews, Bot. Repos.: t. 648 (1811).
NE Africa Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia. Oman.
Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik., Vorles. Churpalz. Phys.-Ocon. Ges 2: 381 (1787).
Psoralea corylifolia L. (1753).
NE Africa (Somalia), westwards through Arabia to China. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cullen plicatum (Delile) C.H.Stirt., Botahlia 13(3–4): 317 (1981)
Psoralea plicata Delile, Fl. Egypt.252, t. 27, f. 3 (1812).
N Africa westwards through Arabia to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.ex DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 416 (1825).
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 53 (1814) nom. inval.; Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (1832), isonym.
Native of SE Asia, cultivated in warm tropical countries and likely to be cultivated in Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Delonix elata (L.) Gamble, Fl. Madras 396 (1919).
Poinciana elata L. (1753).
India to tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Desmodium ospriostreblum Steud. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 204 (1847).
Western and southern tropical Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Denisophytum eriantherum (Chiov.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis, Phytokeys 71: 46 (2016).
Caesalpinia erianthera Chiov. (1929).
NE Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 271 (1834).
Mimosa cinerea L. (1753).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ebenus stellata Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 2: 100 (1843).
Iran, Afghanistan, SW Pakistan (Baluchistan). Oman.
Guilandinia bonduc L., Sp. Pl. 381 (1753).
Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. (1832).
Throughout the tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Hippocrepis areolata Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 329 (1827).
Hippocrepis bicontorta Lois.
N Africa to Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE (expected to occur in Oman).
Hippocrepis constricta Kuntze, Linnaea 16(3): 320 (1842).
Egypt, S Arabia, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L., Sp. Pl. 2: 744 (1753).
Egypt, through Arabia to Iran Turkey, Mediterranean west to Portugal. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Indigofera arabica Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 5(49): 89, t. t. 479 (1856).
NE Tropical Africa, Sinai to Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Indigofera argentea Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 171 (1768).
I. burmanii Boiss. (1872).
Sahara, through Arabian Peninsula to Iran and India. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Indigofera articulata Gouan, Ill. Observ. Bot. 49 (1773).
Indigofera tinctoria Forssk. (1775).
East tropical Africa westwards to Iran, Pakistan. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Indigofera colutea (Burm.f.) Merr., Philipp J. Sci. 19: 355 (1921).
Galega colutea Burm.f. (1768).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Indigofera coerulea Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 377, 864 (1832) var. coerulea
(Incl. I. coerulea var. occidentalis Gillett & Ali (1958).
E Africa, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Mauritius. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Indigofera cordifolia B.Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 357 (1821).
W tropical and NE Africa, Afghanistan to N Australia. Oman, Soqotra.
Indigofera hochstetteri Baker, Flora Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 2: 101 (1871).
Indigofera ornithopodioides Jaub. & Spach (1856), nom. illegit.
Egypt. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Indigofera intricata Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 190 (1872).
Iran, SW Pakistan. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Indigofera nephrocarpa Balf. f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 11: 509 (1882).
NE Somalia, Pakistan. Soqotra, Yemen.
Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.137 (1775).
W and N Africa eastwards through Arabia to India and Sri Lanka. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Indigofera rubromarginata Thulin, Nord. J. Bot. 15(5): 519 (1996).
Coastal parts of southern Yemen and Oman; endemic.
Indigofera semitrijuga Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 137 (1775).
N Ethiopia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Indigofera spiniflora Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 190 (1872).
NE Africa (Ethiopia, Somalia, S. Egypt, Sudan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Indigofera trita L. f., Suppl. Pl. 335 (1782) var. maffei (Chiov.) Ali, Bot. Not. 111559 (1958).
Tropical and Subtropical Old World. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Indigofera volkensii Taub., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C, 210 (1895).
Indigofera phillipsiae Bak.f. (1903); I. insularis Chiov. (1908).
NE and tropical E Africa (Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Leobordea platycarpa (Viv.) B.-E.van Wyk & Boatwr., Taxon 60(1): 173 (2011).
Lotus platycarpos Viv. (1830); Lotononis platycarpos (Viv.) Pic.Serm. (1950).
Africa, E. Mediterranean to the Arabian Peninsula eastwards to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Lotus garcinii DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 212 (1825).
Lotus stocksii Boiss.(1872); Lotus sherifii Rech. f. et Esfand. (1951).
Somalia and Egypt to Arabia, SE Iran and Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE.
Lotus glinoides Delile, Index Seminum [Montpellier] 1836: 26 (1837).
Lotus schimperi Steud. ex Boiss. (1872).
Sudan, Egypt eastwards through Arabia and Iran to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE.
Lotus laricus Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 75(3): 333 (1951).
Iran, SW Pakistan. Oman, UAE.
Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spruner, Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 2: 37 (1843).
Lotus villosus Forssk. (1775), non Burm.f. (1768).
E Mediterranean, Sinai, Syria, Iraq, S Iran. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Lotus corniculatus L., Sp. Pl.: 2: 775 (1753).
Distributed throughout temperate Asia and Europe and N Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Medicago coronata Desr., Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 3(2): 634 (1792).
Mediterranean, Turkey, Jordan. Syria, Iraq, Iran to C Asia. Oman.
Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, n. 5, (1768).
NE Africa through to Pakistan; southern Europe. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Medicago sativa L., Sp. Pl. 2: 778 (1753).
Distributed throughout the warm tropical countries of the world. Widely cultivated throughout Arabia.
Medicago polymorpha L., Sp. Pl. 779, 1200 (1753).
Mediterranean region and Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, ?UAE.
Melilotus alba Desr. in Lam., Encycl. Meth. 4:63 (1796).
NE Africa westwards through Arabia to Turkey and Europe; introduced in southern Africa, America and Australia; a weed of cultivated areas. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Melilotus indicus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 308 (1785).
Arabia westwards to Europe; introduced in many warm temperate areas. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Microcharis tritoides (Baker) Schrire, Bothalia 22(2): 167 (1992).
Indigofera tritoides Baker (1895).
NE tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ononis sicula Guss., Cat. Pl. Hort. Boccadifalco 78 (1821).
Ononis viscosa L. subsp. sicula (Guss.) Hub.-Mor. (1970).
SW Asia from Turkey east to Afghanistan, and south through Arabia to N Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Pleurolobus gangeticus (L.) J.St.-Hil. ex H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 93(3): 184 (2018).
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (1825).
Throughout the Old World tropics. Yemen (expected to occur in southern Oman).
Podolotus hosackioides Benth., Illl. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 198 (1835).
Astragalus hosackioides (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. (1865); Kerstania nuristanica
Rech. f. (1957); Lotus hosackioides (Royle ex Benth.) S.I. Ali (1977).
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, W Himalays. Oman.
Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles Rep. 3(5): 422 (1914).
Mimosa cineraria L. (1753).
Iran, Afghanistan and the desert areas of Pakistan and India. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (1825), introduced as a landscape tree, now naturalised in wadis and coastal plains.
Pseudolotus makranicus (Rech.f. & Esfand.) Rech.f., Biol. Skr. 9, No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. 111.) 2 1 (1958).
Lotus makranicus Rech.f. et Esfand. (1951).
Iran and Baluchistan (SW Pakistan). UAE.
Rhynchosia schimperi Hochst. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 626 (1872). –Type. Oman, “in regno Muscate Arabiae”, Aucher-Éloy 4359 (BM, G, syn.).
Egypt to Arabia, Pakistan, India. Oman.
Rhynchosia pulverulenta Stocks, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 147 (1852).
Rhynchosia memnonia (Delile) DC. forma pulverulenta (Stocks) Terracc. (1893).
Tropical E Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra.
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 385 (1825).
Dolichos minimus L. (1753).
Tropical Africa, Arabia westwards to China; Cape Verde Islands, West Indies and tropical America. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Senegalia hamulosa (Benth.) Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 179(2): 293 (2015).
Acacia hamulosa Benth. (1842).
Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Senegalia laeta (R.Br. ex Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 91(1): 27 (2009).
Acacia laeta R.Br. & Benth. (1842).
Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Palestine. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Senegalia senegal Britton, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 538 (1930).
Mimosa senegal L. (1753); Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. (1806).
W Africa to Somalia, southwards to South Africa and SW Asia to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Senna alexandrina Mill., Gard. Dict. Ed. 8. N. 1 (1768).
Northern Africa to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?UAE, Yemen.
Senna holosericea (Fresen.) Greuter, Willdenowia 15(2): 429 (1986).
Cassia holosericea Fresen. (1839); Cassia oocarpa Baker (1895). – Type. Oman, Dhofar, Mirbat coast, J.T. Bent 69 (K, holo.).
N Africa and SW Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Senna italica Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Senna n. 2 (1768).
Cassia aschrek Forssk. (1775); C. obovata Collad. (1816); C. italica (Miller) F.W.Andrews (1952).
N and W Africa, SW Asia and Macaronesia. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 53: 252 (1982).
Cassia obtusifolia L. (1753); C. tora sensu auct., non L., Anth. (1935).
A pantropical weed (except in Polynesia and Australia). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Senna sophera (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 347 (1832).
Cassia sophera L. (1753).
Native to Tropical America, introduced to Tropical Africa, Iraq to India, Burma, Japan, Australia and Polynesia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.Wight, Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. No. 137, 15 No. 21797 (1909).
Aeschynomene bispinosa Jacq. (1792).
Tropical Africa, Madagascar, SW and SE Asia, Sri Lanka, West Indies and northern South America (probably introduced). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr., Philipp J. Sci., C 7: 235 (1912).
Aeschynomene sesban L. (1853).
Old World tropics; introduced elsewhere. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sesbania sericea (Willd.) Link, Enur. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 244 (1822).
Coronilla sericea Willd. (1809).
Tropical Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies and South America (probably introduced). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Tamarindus indica L., Sp. Pl.: 34 (1753).
Native to Madagascar, introduced and sometimes naturalized throughout the tropics and subtropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Taverniera brevialata Thulin, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(1): 82 (1985). –Type. Oman, 9 km E of Mirbat, 22 October 1977, A. Radcliffe-Smith 5551 (K, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Taverniera cuneifolia (Roth) Arn., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Caes. Leop.-Carol Nat. Cur. 18(1): 332 (1836).
Hedysarum cuneifolium Roth (1821); Taverniera glabra Boiss. (1843); T. stocksii Boiss. (1982).
Iran and SW Pakistan (Baluchistan), India, and coastal Somalia. Oman, UAE.
Taverniera lappacea (Forssk.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 339 (1825).
Hedysarum lappaceum Forrsk. (1775).
Iran, Pakistan, NE Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia), Egypt. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Taverniera multinoda Thulin, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 25(1): 83 (1985).
Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Taverniera spartea (Burm.f.) DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 339 (1825).
Hedysarum spartium Burm. (1768).
Iran and SW Pakistan (Baluchistan). Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(2): 329 (1807) subsp. apollinea (Delile) Hosni & El-Karemy, Sendtnera 1: 248 (1993).
Galega apollinea Delile (1814); Tephrosia apollinea Delile (1822); T. leptostachya DC. (1825); T. persica Boiss. (1843); T. purpurea var. pubescens Baker (1871); T. haussknechtii Börnm (1894).
This subspecies is accepted, and its native range is S. Egypt to Chad, Arabian Peninsula to NW India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Tephrosia humilis Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent. i196 (1832).
Sudan westward to Senegal. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Tephrosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker in Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 2125 (1871) subsp. arabica (Boiss.) Gillett (see note)
Type. – Oman, Muscat, Aucher-Eloy, 4456 (syntypes G, K, P).
Pogonostigma arabicum Boiss. (1843), Type as above; Tephrosia arabica (Boiss.) Martelli (1888), nom. illeg., non Tephrosia arabica Steud. (1841).
Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Tephrosia uniflora Pers., Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(2): 329 (1807).
Tephrosia quartiniana Cufod. ex Greuter & Burdet (1987).
Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Tephrosia strigosa (Dalzell) Santapau & Maheshw., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54(3): 805 (1957).
Macronyx strigosus Dalzell (1850).
Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, W Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Laccadive Is, Maldives. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Tephrosia subtrifolia Hochst. ex Baker, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver & al.] 2: 117 (1871).
Angola, W and tropical E and NE Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan, India, Myanmar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Teramnus repens (Taub.) Baker f., J. Bot. 66 (Suppl. 1): 115 (1928).
Tropical E and C Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Congo) Sudan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Trigonella anguina Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 254, t. 38, f. 2 (1813).
Canary Islands, northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Trigonella hamosa L., Syst. ed. 10, 1180 (1795).
Egypt to Arabia, Turkey, and westwards to India. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Trigonella stellata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 140 (1775).
T. monspeliaca sensu Vahl 1791, non L.
Canary Islands, N Africa, Arabia to Iran and Tukmenistan. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
?UAE, ?Yemen.
Vachellia asak (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4) 512 (2013)
Mimosa asak Forssk. (1775); Acacia asak (Forssk.) Willd. (1806).
NE Africa (Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Vachellia flava (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4) 513 (2013)
Mimosa flava Forssk. (1775); Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne (1827); A. flava (Forssk.) Schweinf. (1896).
Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan westwards to Mali and Mauritiana to Iran. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Vachellia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4) 512 (2013)
Acacia etbaica Schweinf. subsp. uncinata Brenan (1957).
Tropical NE Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia), Egypt, Uganda and Kenya. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Vachellia gerrardii (Benth). P.J.H.Hurter, Mabberley’s Pl.-Book 1021 (2008).
- subsp. gerrardii
Iraq, Sudan, Ethiopia to Natal, and westwards to Nigeria. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
- subsp. negevensis (Zohary) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin, Phytotaxa 162(3): 176 (2014).
Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Jordan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait.
Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb., Mabberley’s Pl.-Book 1021 (2008).
Acacia nilotica (L.) [Willd. ex] Del., Fl. Aegypt. Ill. 79 (1813).
- subsp. nilotica
Throughout tropical and subtropical Africa, to SW Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
- subsp. indica (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4): 515 (2013).
Throughout tropical and subtropical Africa, to SW Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
- subsp. kraussiana (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4): 515 (2013).
Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana (Benth.) Brenan (1957).
Throughout tropical Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Vachellia oerfota (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4): 515 (2013).
Mimosa oerfota Forssk. (1775); A. nubica Benth. (1842); A. aucheri Benth. (1842). A. oerfota (Forssk.) Schweinf. (1896).
NE Africa and from Egypt south to Tanzania, extending though Arabia east to Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 149(1): 150 (2008).
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne (1827). Mimosa tortilis Forssk. (1775).
Throughout Africa, to Palestine and Israel. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Vatovaea pseudolablab (Harms) J.B.Gillett, Kew Bull. 20(1): 104 (1966).
Vigna pseudolablab Harms (1913).
N E Africa, Sudan. Oman, Yemen.
Vicia monantha Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 39 (1783).
Mediterranean Europe and Africa, Arabian Peninsula to India. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia.
Vicia sativa L., Sp. Pl. 2: 736 (1753).
Tropical and temperate regions of the world. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek, Fl. Congo Belge 6: 386 (1954) subsp. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24: 559 (1970).
Phaseolus sublobatus Roxb. (1832).
Tropical Asia, introduced into Africa; often cultivated. Oman.
Zygocarpum dhofarense (Hillc. & J.B.Gillett) Thulin & Lavin, Syst. Bot. 26(2) 312 (2001).
Ormocarpum dhofarense Hillc. & J.B.Gillett (1966). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, Jebel Qara, Oct. 1943, Vesey FitzGerald 12360/2 (BM, holo.).
Regional endemic Oman, Yemen.
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FRANKENIACEAE
Frankenia pulverulenta L., Sp. Pl.: 332 (1753).Siberia, S and SE Europe, Africa, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
GENTIANACEAE
Canscora concanensis C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. [J.D. Hooker] 4(10): 104 (1883).India in the Western Ghats (Maharashtra Province). Oman.
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Hayek ex Hand.-Mazz., Stadlm., Janch. & Faltis, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 70 (1906).
Gentiana pulchella Sw. (1783); Erythraea ramosissima (Vill.) Pers. (1805); Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce, Fl. Berkshire 342 (1897), annotated as “Centaurion”, nom. inval.
C & W Europe through the Mediterranean region, Turkey to India, N & NE Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal, Adansonia sér. 2, 9: 75, t. 2, fig 1–2 (1969).
Gentiana axillaris Poir. ex Lam. (1793).
Tropical Africa and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Exacum affine Balf.f. ex Regel, Gartenfllora 34, t. 1108 (1883).
Exacum gracilipes Balf. (1884). –Type from Soqotra, material grown from seed collected by Schweinfurth on Soqotra in 1881, “ex horto Haage und Schmidt” (LE, K, syn.).
Oman, Soqotra.
Exacum arabicum Thulin, Nord. J. Bot. 21: 245 (2001). –Type. Yemen, Mahra region, Ras Fartaq, Thulin, Beier & Mohammed A. Hussein 9590 (UPS, holo.; K, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
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GERANIACEAE
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L´Hér., Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 2: 414 (1789).Geranium cicutarium L. (1753); Erodium cicutarium subsp. bipinnatum (Cav.) Tourlet (1908); E. cicutarium var. viscidum Nab (1923).
Europe, Mediterranean to the Middle East; a naturalized weed worldwide. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(1): 633 (1800).
Geranium laciniatum Cav. (1787); Erodium laciniatum(Cav.) Willd. var. involucratum (Kunze) Willd. (1880); E. laciniatum (Cav.) Willd. var. glabrescens Post (1896).
Middle East to Arabia, extending east into Pakistan and Afghanistan. Oman, Bahrain, Qatar,
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia.
Erodium malacoides (L.) L´Hérit. Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 2: 415 (1789).
Geranium malacoides L. (1753); G. malacoides Desf. (1789).
Mediterranean region to Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, South Africa; naturalized weed worldwide. Oman,
Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Erodium neuradifolium Del. ex Godr., Mem. Acad. Montp. (Sect. Medic.) i. 425 (1853).
E. aegyptiacum Boiss. (1851); E. subtrilobum Jord. (1852).
East Africa to the Canary Islands, and the
Mediterranean Region, and eastwards to Arabia, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan. Elsewhere in the
Arabian Peninsula found in Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Erodium touchyanum Del. ex Godr., Mem. Acad. Montp. (Sect. Medic). i: 423 (1853).
N Africa, Arabian Peninsula to Iran. Oman, Saudi-Arabia.
Geranium biuncinatum Kokwaro, Webbia 25(2): 639 (1971).
G. yemense sensu Schwartz.
East Africa to southern Arabia. Oman, Soqotra Yemen.
Geranium mascatense Boiss., Pl. Nov. Ser. 1(1): 59 (1842).
East Africa and southern Arabia to Iran and Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Geranium rotundifolium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 638 (1753).
Temperate Europe to Himalaya, N Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Geranium trilophum Boiss., Pl. Nov. Ser. 1(4): 30 (1845).
Geranium yemense Deflers (1889).
East Africa to Arabia and Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra Yemen..
Distribution map: 515.
Monsonia heliotropioides (Cav.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 897 (1867).
Geranium heliotropioides Cav. (1787).
North Africa, Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Monsonia nivea (Decne.) Decne. ex Webb, Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt. 2: 59 (1854).
Erodium niveum Decne. (1835).
Africa, Arabian Peninsula to Iran and Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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GISEKIACEAE
Gisekia pharnaceoides L., Mant. Pl. Altera 562 (1771).Pharnaceum occultum Forssk. (1775).
Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, Iran to India, Thailand. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f., Fl. Tasmaniae 2: 45 (1860).Caulinia ovalis R.Br. (1810).
Tropical East Africa, Madagascar, Pakistan, Australia, western Pacific. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Najas graminea Delile, Descript. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 282 (1813).
Old World Tropics; introduced in Europe and N America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Najas marina L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1015 (1753).
Widespread in continental Europe, Asia, N Africa, Australia, S America. Oman, ?UAE, ?Yemen; expected to occur in Saudi Arabia.
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IRIDACEAE
Gladiolus italicus Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 2 (1768).Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl. (1804).
N Africa through the Arabian Peninsula, Caucasus, Cyprus, eastwards to Turkey and Europe, westwards to Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Iran; introduced in western USA. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Gladiolus candidus (Rendle) Goldblatt, in J.-P. Lebrun & A.L. Stork, Énum. Pl. Fleurs Afr. Trop. 3: 89 (1995).
Acidanthera candida Rendle (1895); A. ukambanensis Baker (1898); Gladiolus ukambanensis (Baker) Marais (1973); G. ukambanensis var. alatus Marais (1973).
NE & E tropical Africa. Yemen.
Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl., Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 1: 241 (1804).
Iris sisyrinchium L. (1753); Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl. (1854).
N Africa, the Mediterranean region to the western Himalayas. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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IXIOLIRIACEAE
Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f., J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 752 (1829).Amaryllis tatarica Pall. (1776).
Sinai Peninsula and Turkey, Caucausus, central Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Palestine to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Kashmir. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia.
JUNCACEAE
Juncus socotranus (Buchenau) Snogerup, Willdenowia 23: 49 (1993).Juncus maritimus Lam. var. socotranus Buchenau (1890). –Type. Socotra, Kisher, 29 Apr 1881, Schweinfurth 604 (K, holo.; WU, iso.)
Middle East to Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Socotra, UAE, Yemen.
Juncus rigidus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 312 (1800).
Juncus maritimus subsp. rigidus (Desf.) Nyman (1882); J. maritimus Lam. var. arabicus Asch. & Buchenau, in Boiss. (1882); J. maritimus var. rigidus (Desf.) Rouy (1912); J. arabicus (Asch. & Buchenau) Adamson (1935).
Africa, from Cyprus, Syria, Israel, Red Sea and the Arabian Peninsula to south Afghanistan and southern Pakistan; Turkmenistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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LAMIACEAE
Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Benth. ex G.Don, Hort. Brit. (Loudon] 483 (1830).Plectranthus barbatus Andrrews (1809).
E and NE Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India and tropical Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Also cultivated.
Coleus cylindraceus (Hochst. ex Benth) A.J.Paton, PhytoKeys 129: 37 (2019).
Plectranthus montanus Benth. (1830); Plectranthus cylindraceus Hochst. ex Benth. (1848); P. marrubioides Hochst. ex Benth. (1848).
N & NE Africa, southern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Endostemon tenuiflorus (Benth.) M.Ashby, J. Bot. 74: 125 (1936).
Orthosiphon tenuiflorus Benth. in DC. (1848). –Type: Yemen, Botta s.n. (P, holo.; K, iso.).
Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Madagascar. Oman, Soqotra Yemen.
Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd, Taxon 17: 239 (1968).
Plectranthus rugosus Wall. ex Benth. (1830).
Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, E Himalaya to Bangladesh. Oman.
Lallemantia royleana (Benth.) Benth., DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 12: 404 (1848).
Dracocephalum royleanum Benth. (1830).
S Russia, southwest and central Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Lamium amplexicaule L., Sp. Pl. 2: 579 (1753).
Temperate Eurasia, northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Lavandula dhofarensis A.G.Mill, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(3): 510 (1985).
subsp. dhofarensis. – Type: Oman, Dhofar, Jabal Qara, Thamrait to Salalah Road, 300 m, 1 Oct.1979, Miller 2394 (E, holo.; K, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
- subsp. ayuensis A.G.Mill., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(3): 512 (1985). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, main Salalah –Thamrait rd., Aqabat al Hatab, 700 m, 4 Oct. 1979, Miller 2534 (E, holo.; K, iso.).
Lavandula hasikensis A.G.Mill., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(3): 526 (1985).
Type: Oman, Dhofar, Jebal Hasik, south of Hasik, Miller 6137 (E, holo.; K, iso.).
Endemic.
Lavandula macra Baker, Kew Bull. 1894: 339 (1894). –Type: Yemen, hillsides at Khailah (Hadhramaut), 3000 ft., 3.i.1894, Lunt 135 (E, holo.; BM, iso.).
Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Lavandula samhanensis Upson & S.Andrews, The genus Lavandula: 390 (2004). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Jebel Samhan, behind cliff face opposite Mirbat, 18 Feb. 1989, McLeish 1032 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Lavandula subnuda Benth. in DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle]12: 148 (1848). –Type: Oman, in regno Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 5220 (G, K, P, syn.).
Lavandula bipinnata Kuntze forma subnuda (Benth.) Kuntze (1891
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Leucas dhofarensis Hedge & O.Sebald, Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40(1): 63 (1982). –Type: Dhofar, Jebel Qara, Vesey-Fitzgerald 12428/3 (BM, holo.; STU, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Leucas inflata Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 744 (1835).
Physoleucas inflata (Benth.) Jaub. & Spach ex Briq. (1896).
Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Leucas urticifolia (Vahl) Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 20 [without pagination] (1812) [generic position suggested by Robert Brown, Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 564 (1810) but new combination not properly made.
Phlomis urticifolia Vahl (1794). –Type: India, Köenig s.n. & Yemen, Forsskål s.n. (C, syn.).
Sudan to Kenya, Mauritiana, Arabian Peninsula to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Mentha longifolia (L.) L., Fl. Monspel.: 19 (1756).
Mentha spicata L. var. longifolia L. (1763).
Africa, Temperate Eurasia. Cultivated and often found as an escape in the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Micromeria imbricata (Forssk.) C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4 (3): 21 (1922).
Thymus imbricatus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 108 (1775). – Type: Yemen, Kurma, Forsskål s.n. (C, holo.); Satureja imbricata (Forssk.) Briq. (1896); Micromeria biflora sensu auct. non (D.Don) Benth. (1834).
West Africa eastwards to Egypt and south to southern Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Ocimum basilicum L., Sp. Pl. 597 (1753).
Probably native to Ethiopia, widely cultivated and naturalised in tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa, and SE Asia. Cultivated throughout the Arabian Peninsula and found as an escape in several countries.
Ocimum forskolei Benth., Gen. Sp. Lab.: 6 (1832).
Ocimum menthiifolium Benth. (1848); O. hadiense sensu E.A.Bruce (1935), non O. hadiense Forssk. = Plectranthus hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Sprenger.
Tropical NE Africa (Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia), Egypt. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Ocimum dhofarense (Sebald) A.J.Paton in R.Hiltunen & Y.Holm (eds.), Basil, Genus Ocimum: 35 (1999).
Becium dhofarense Sebald (1987). – Type: Dhofar mountains, 1895, Th. Bent (K, holo.); Orthosiphon comosus Baker (1895) nom. illeg. non O. comosus Wight ex Benth. (1848).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Orthosiphon pallidus Royle ex Benth., Bot. Misc. 3(pt. 9): 370 (1833).
Ocimum reflexum Schweinf. (1867); Orthosiphon reflexus (Ehrenb. ex Schweinf.) Vatke var. pallidus (Benth.) Terrac. (1893).
W, E and NE Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schauer, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 637 (1847).
NE & E Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Rydingia persica (Burm.f.) Scheen & V.A.Albert, Syst. & Geogr. Pl. 77(2): 235 (2007).
Moluccella persica Burm.f. (1768); Otostegia microphylla Boiss. (1844); O. kotschyi Boiss. (1846).
O. persica (Burm.f.) Boiss., (1879).
Iran, Pakistan. Oman.
Salvia aegyptiaca L., Sp. Pl.: 23 (1753).
NW and N Africa, Arabian Peninsula to Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Salvia hillcoatiae Hedge & Sebald, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40(1): 69 (1982). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Shibun, Ramaida, 11 Feb. 1947, Thesiger s.n. (BM, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Salvia macilenta Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 5: 13 (1844). –Type: Oman, ad radices regni Mascatensis, Aucher-Éloy 5210 (G, holo.; K, W, iso.).
Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Oman, UAE.
Salvia macrosiphon Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 5: 11 (1844).
Salvia kotschyi Boiss. (1846); S. macrosiphon Boiss. var. kotschyi (Boiss.) Boiss. (1879).
SE Turkey to C Asia, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Oman, UAE.
Salvia mirzayanii Rech.f. & Esfand., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 99: 53 (1952).
Iran. Oman, UAE.
Salvia santolinifolia Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 5: 13 (1844).
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, NW India. Oman, UAE.
Salvia sp. A
Endemic.
Oman.
Teucrium mascatense Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 1, 5: 44 (1844). –Type: Oman, Mascate [Muscat], in monte Chebek regni [Jebel Akhdar range], Aucher-Éloy 5172 (G, holo.; BM, K, iso.).
Regional Endemic. Oman, UAE.
Teucrium nummularifolium Baker, Kew Bull. 1895: 185 (1895).
Type: Oman, Dhofar mountains, Wadi Gerzid, 1895, J.T. Bent169 (holotype K).
Synonym: T. paulayanum Schwartz (1939). –Type: Yemen, Wadi Dhaurüten, Ras Fartak, Paulay s.n. (B ?destroyed).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen (Hadramaut).
Teucrium oliverianum Ging. ex Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec. 668 (1835).
Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Teucrium stocksianum Boiss., Diagn, Pl. Orient, sér. 2, 4: 58 (1859). –Type: Pakistan, Baluchistan, Hala, Stocks (G, holo.; BM, K, iso.) subsp. stocksianum
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
- subsp. stenophyllum R.A.King, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(1): 21–42. (1988). –Type: Oman, Dibab, SE of Quryat, Gallagher 7499/8, (E, holo.; ON, iso.).
Teucrium yemense Deflers, Voyage Yemen: 190 (1889). –Type:Yemen, Wadi Schidja, near Menakha, Deflers 443 (P, lecto.).
NE Sudan to NW Somalia, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Vitex agnus-castus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 638 (1753).
Mediterranean region, cultivated and naturalised in many warm regions of the world. Naturalised in Oman, and also found as escape near villages. Widely cultivated in public parks and private homes in several countries of the Arabian Peninsula.
Zataria multiflora Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér., 1, 5: 18 (1844).
Zataria bracteata Boiss. (1859).
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, W Himalaya. Oman.
Ziziphora tenuior L., Sp. Pl.: 21 (1753).
SW and C Asia. Oman.
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LEMNACEAE
Lemna gibba L., Sp. Pl.: 970 (1753).North Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa and through most of the warm regions of the world. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia australis R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 430 (1810).Old world, New Zealand. Oman,Yemen.
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LIMEACEAE
Limeum arabicum Friedrich, Mittl. Bot. Staatssamml. München 2: 156 (1956).Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Limeum humile Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 79 (1775).
SW and NE Africa, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen
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LOPHIOCARPACEAE
Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell, J. Bot. 73: 80 (1935).Orygia decumbens Forssk. (1775).
Dry tropical N Africa, Iran, Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra Yemen.
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LORANTHACEAE
Loranthella deflersii (Tiegh.) S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, Phytotaxa 266(3): 200 (2016).Oncocalyx schimperi (Hoschst. ex A.Rich.) M.G.Gilbert (1985).
Loranthus schimperi Hoschst. (1847).
N E Tropical Agfrica, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Plicosepalus acaciae (Zucc.) Wiens & Polhill, Nordic J. Bot. 5(3): 221 (1985).
Loranthus acaciae Zucc. (1840).
N and NE Africa (Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt) and Palestine. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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LYTHRACEAE
Ammannia auriculata Willd., Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1(1): 7, t. 7 (1803).Asia, tropical and subtropical Africa, southern Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen. A polymorphic species.
Ammannia baccifera L., Sp. Pl.: 120 (1753).
Africa, SW Asia, the Far East, Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Lawsonia inermis L., Sp. Pl.: 349 (1753).
Lawsonia alba Lam; fl. (1789) nom. illegit.; L. spinosa L. (1753).
Throughout the Old World tropics and Australia; introduced to the New World tropics; Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, but cultivated throughout the Arabian Peninsula.
Woodfordia uniflora (A.Rich.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1(4): 334(1881).
Grislea uniflora A.Rich. (1847); Grislea multiflora A.Rich. (1847); Woodfordia floribunda Salisb. var. glabrata Hiern (1871); Woodfordia floribunda Salisb. var. tomentosa; W. fruticosa sensu Collenette Fl Saudi Arabia (1985).
Cameroon, Nigeria, Ethiopia to southern Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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MALPHIGIACEAE
Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3, 488 (1843). – Type: Mascut [Muscat, Oman] 4294 (MO).NE Africa to Arabia, Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
MALVACEAE
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Methodus: 617 (1794).Hibiscus esculentus L. (1753).
Cultivated throughout the tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic., Malvenfam. 46 (1787).
Hibiscus manihot L. (1753).
Cultivated throughout the tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 68 (1847).
Sida (Abutilon) bidentata Hochst. (in sched.).
Tropical Africa, India, Pakistan, China. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 70 (1831).
Africa, (drier regions) to Arabia, NW India, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Abutilon hirtum (Lam.), Sweet, Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 53 (1826).
Sida hirta Lam. (1783).
Iran to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 1: 54 (1826).
Sida indica L. (1756).
Afghanistan to India. Oman.
Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medic., Malvenfam. 28 (1787).
Sida mauritiana Jacq. (1781).
Tropical Africa. Oman.
Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.), Schltdl., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 828 (1851).
Sida pannosa G.Forst.f. (1789); Abutilon glaucum (Cav.) Sweet (1826); Abutilon muticum (DC.) Sweet (1830).
Palestine, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, India, N and NE Africa (Egypt, Sudan), Senegal, Nigeria. Oman, Yemen.
Adansonia digitata L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1190. 1753, nom. inval.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1144, 1382 (1759).
Tropical Africa. Oman, Yemen (N).
Althaea ludwigii L., Mant. Pl. 98 (1767).
W Asia, Mediterranean region, SW Pakistan (Baluchistan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cienfuegosia welshii (T.Anderson) Garcke, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 337 (1883).
Hibiscus welshii T.Anderson (1860).
Endemic to southern Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Corchorus aestuans L., Syst. Nat. ed.10, 2: 1079 (1759).
Tropical Africa. Oman, Soqotra.
Corchorus depressus (L.) Peterm., Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 924 (1845).
C. antichorus L. (1767); Boiss. (1867); C. prostratus Royle (1834).
Egypt to Iran, India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Corchorus olitorius L., Sp. Pl.: 529 (1753).
Native to India and Pakistan, now naturalized throughout the tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Corchorus trilocularis L., Mant. Pl. 77 (1767).
Old World tropics, tropical Australia and America. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Glossostemon bruguieri Desf., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 239, t. 11 (1817).
Iraq, Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Gossypium stocksii Mast., Fl. Brit. Ind. [J.D. Hooker] 1(2): 346 (1874).
Somalia, Pakistan. Oman, Yemen.
G. herbaceum L. and G. hirsutum L. have been cultivated in Oman for the cotton fibre and are sometimes found as escapes.
Grewia bicolor Juss., Ann Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: 90 (1804).
Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India. Oman, Yemen.
Grewia erythraea Schweinf., Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wein 18: 671 (1868).
Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori var. erythraea (Schweinf.) Chiov. (1929); G. tenax subsp. makaranika (Rech. f & Esfand.) Browicz (1981).
NE Africa, Arabian Peninsula Iran to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori, Agric. Colon. 1911, 5, Suppl., 23 (1912).
Chadara tenax Forssk. (1775); Grewia populifoila Vahl (1790).
Tropical and north Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran to India and Bengladesh. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Grewia villosa Willd., Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin iv. 205 (1803).
Tropical Africa to Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Hermannia paniculata Franch., Sert. Somal. 19 (1882).
Somalia, Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Hermannia testacea Vollesen, Kew Bull. 40(3): 643 (1985).
Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Hibiscus scindicus Stocks in Hook.f., Icon. Pl. t. 802 (1951).
August.
SW Pakistan (Sind and Baluchistan). Oman, Soqotra. Distribution map: Fig. 167.
Hibiscus micranthus L.f., Suppl. Pl. 308, 310 (1782).
Hibiscus ovalifolius sensu auct., Boiss. (1867).
Tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar and tropical regions of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Hibiscus palmatus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 126 (1775).
Tropical and southern Africa, NE Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea) and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Hibiscus sidiformis Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 518 (1885) (as sidaeformis).
Distributed from Ethiopia to Zimbabwe to Mozambique, Madagascar. Oman, Yemen.
Hibiscus somalensis Franch., Sert. Somal. 17 (1882).
NE Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia) and NE Kenya. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Hibiscus spartioides Chiov., Fl. Somala 1: 99 (1929).
Somalia and Ethiopia. Oman.
Hibiscus trionum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 697 (1753).
Warmer regions of the Old World; introduced in America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Hibiscus vitifolius L., Sp. Pl. 2: 696 (1753).
Fioria vitifolia (L.) Mattei (1916).
Tropics and subtropics of the Old World; introduced in America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Malva neglecta Wallr., Syll. Pl. Nov. 1:140 (1824).
Cosmopolitan. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Malva parviflora L., Demonstr. Pl. 18 (1753).
S and W Asia, N Africa, Europe. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke, Bonplandia 5(18): 295 (1857).
Malva coromandeliana L. (1753).
Old and New World tropics. Oman, Yemen.
Melhania muricata Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 11: 503 (1882).
Kenya, Somalia. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Melhania ovata (Cav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 32 (1826) var. abyssinica (A.Rich.) Schum., Monogr. afrikan. Pflanzenf. 5 (1900).
Brotera ovata Cav. (1789); Melhania abyssinica A.Rich. (1847–53).
W, NE Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia) to Baluchistan (SW Pakistan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Melhania phillipsiae Baker f., J. Bot. 36: 4 (1898).
N and NE Africa (NE Kenya, Somalia, S Egypt, Niger, Chad). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Pavonia arabica Hochst. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed.2, 2: 279 (1841).
NE Africa (Ethiopia, Somalia), India, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Pavonia flavoferruginea (Forssk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood, Kew. Bull. 38(1): 85 (1983).
P. glechomifolia Garcke, Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 54 (1867).
NE Tropical Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, NE Uganda, Kenya, NE Tanzania), Pakistan, NW India. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Pavonia pirottae Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 13: 401 (1915).
NE Africa (Ethiopia, Somalia). Oman.
Pavonia schweinfurthii Ulbr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 57(2): 165 (1921).
NE Africa (Ethiopia, Somalia). Oman.
Senra incana Cav., Diss. 2, Secunda Diss. Bot. 83(104) (1786).
NE Tropical Africa to Pakistan and Ethiopia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borss.Waalk., Blumea 14: 182 (1966).
Melochia cordata Burm. f. (1768); Sida veronicifolia Lam. (1783).
Tropics and subtropics. Oman.
Sida ovata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 124 (1775).
Africa (dry regions), India, Pakistan, Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Sida spinosa L., Sp. Pl. 2: 683 (1753).
Tropics and subtropics. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Sida urens L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1145 (1759).
Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori, Agric. Colon., Ital. 1911, 5 Suppl. 37 (1912).
Culhamia Forssk. (1775) [species without epithet, see note in Hepper and Friis, 1994]; Triphaca africana Lour. (1790); Culhamia hadiensis J.F.Gmel. (1791); Sterculia arabica T.Anderson (1860).
Old World Tropics. Oman, Yemen.
Triumfetta pentandra A.Rich., Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 93, t. 19 (1831).
Tropical Africa, Pakistan to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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MENISPERMACEAE
Cocculus balfourii Schweinf. ex Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 11: 500 (1882); Balf.f., Bot. Socotra 2, t. 1 (1888).Oman, Soqotra, Yemen(E).
Cocculus pendulus (J.R.Frost & G.Forst.) Diels, Pflanzenreich (Engler) IV, 94(Heft 46): 237 (1910).
Cocculus leaeba DC. (1817); Cebatha pendula (J.R.Frost & G.Forst.) Kuntze (1891).
N Africa, tropical E Africa, S Iran, Pakistan, India. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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MOLLUGINACEAE
Glinus lotoides L., Sp. Pl.: 463 (1753).Mollugo glinus A.Rich. (1847).
Tropics and subtropics of the world. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Hypertelis cerviana (L.) Thulin, Taxon 65(4): 787 (2016).
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. (1824).
Pharnaceum cervianum L. (1753).
Tropics and subtropics of the Old World. Mexico, Peru. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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MORACEAE
Dorstenia foetida (Forssk.) Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 4, App. 2: 120 (1896).Kosaria foetida Forssk. (1775); Dorstenia radiata Lam. (1786); Dorstenia arabica Hemsl. (1897).
Old World tropics, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ficus carica L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1059 (1753).
Cultivated throughout SW Asia, N Africa and S Europe; naturalized in many warm countries. Cultivated throughout the Arabian Peninsula.
Ficus cordata subsp. salicifolia (Vahl) C.C.Berg, Kew Bull. 43(1): 82 (1988).
Ficus salicifolia Vahl (1790).
Throughout Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Ficus ingens Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 288 (1867).
Ficus lutea sensu Miller and Morris (1988) and Schwartz (1939), non Vahl. (1805).
Tropical and southern Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ficus johannis Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 7: 96 (1846).
Ficus persica Boiss. (1846); F. geraniifolia Miq. (1848).
Iran, SW Pakistan, Afghanistan and adjacent regions of Central Asia. Oman, UAE.
Ficus palmata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.- Arab. n. 623, 179 (1775) subsp. palmata
Ficus morifolia Forssk. (1775).
NE Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ficus sycomorus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1059 (1753).
Eastern Mediterranean regions to southern Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ficus vasta Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 1775: 179.
Ficus socotrana Balf. f. (1883).
NE tropical Africa to N Kenya. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
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MORINGACEAE
Moringa oleifera Lam., Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 1(2): 398 (1785).Horse radish tree (Eng.). Often cultivated and found around habitation.
Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori, Agricult. Colon. 5: 59 (1911).
Hyperanthera peregrina Forssk. (1775); Moringa aptera (Forssk.) Gaertn. (1791); M. arabica Pers. (1805).
NE tropical Africa, Jordan to Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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MYRTACEAE
Myrtus communis L., Sp. Pl.: 471 (1753).A southern European species distributed and cultivated in many temperate and warm countries and Arabia.
NEURADACEAE
Neurada procumbens L., Sp. Pl.: 441 (1753).N Africa, Cyprus, desert regions of NE Africa, SW Asia, NW India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
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NYCTAGINACEAE
Boerhavia diffusa L., Sp. Pl.: 3: 1753.Boerhavia. ascendens Willd. (1797); B. coccinea Miller (1768); B. repens L. var. diffusa (L.) Hook. (1885); B. repens var. viscosa Choisy in DC. (1849).
Pantropical. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Boerhavia elegans Choisy, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 453 (1849). – Type: [Oman], Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 5251 (syntypes BM, G, K, P).
Boerhavia rubicunda Steud. (1840) nom. nud.; B. repens L. var. elegans (Choisy) Asch. & Schweinf. (1867); B. elegans Choisy var. stenophylla Boiss. (1879), lectoype, Pakistan, Baluchistan, 1851, Stocks (G-Boiss.), lectotype chosen by Fosberg (1978); B. rubicunda Steud. var. stenophylla (Boiss.) Forberg (1978); B. elegans Choisy subsp. stenophylla (Boiss.) A.G. Miller (1994).
NE and E Africa, Iran, SW Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Commicarpus boissieri (Heimerl.) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 23(Suppl.). 79 (1953).
Boerhavia boissieri Heimerl. (1907).
Pakistan, India. Oman, Soqotra.
Commicarpus helenae (Roemer & chultes) Meikle, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 7(4): t. 3694, p. 1 (1971).
Boerhavia helenae Schultes (1822).
Tropical Africa, Egypt, Palestine, Iran, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Commicarpus mistus Thulin, Nord. J. Bot. 10 (4): 405 (1990).
Commicarpus squarrosus sensu auct., non Heimerl
NE and E Africa. Oman,Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Commicarpus stenocarpus (Chiov.) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 32(Suppl.): 81 (1953).
Boerhavia stenocarpa Chiov. (1929).
NE Africa, Iran, SW Pakistan. Oman.
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OLEACEAE
Jasminum grandiflorum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 9 (1762) subsp. floribundum (R.Br. ex Fresen.) P.S.Green, Kew Bull. 41(2): 414 (1986).Jasminum floribundum R.Br. ex Fresen. (1837).
Tropical NE Africa to SW Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Olea cuspidata Wall. ex G.Don (1837); O. africana Mill. (1768); O. chrysophylla Lam. (1791); Olea somaliensis Baker (1902); O. europaea L. var. cuspidata (Wall. ex G.Don) Cif. (1942); O. chrysophylla Lam. var. aucheri A.Chev. (1948) nom. nud.; O. aucheri A.Chev. ex Ehrend. (1960). –Type: Oman, Aucher-Éloy 4918 (P, holo.; G, K, iso.); O. europaea L. subsp. africana P.S.Green (1979). (Only synonyms relevant to this area are given here).
South to NE Africa to the drier parts of China. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
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ORCHIDACEAE
Epipactis veratrifolia Boiss. & Hohen., Diagn. sér 1, 13: 11 (1853).Epipactis somaliensis Rolfe in Dyer (I897); E. abyssinica Pax (1907).
Cyprus and Turkey in the west, eastwards to the Himalayas, and southwards to the Arabian Peninsula and the horn of Africa. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Eulophia guineensis Lindl., Bot. Reg. 8: t. 686 (1823) var. purpurata Rchb.f. ex Kotschy in Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. Cl. 51: 352 (1865).
Sudan, Ethiopia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Eulophia petersii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f., Flora 48: 186 (1865).
Galeandra petersii Rchb. f. (1847); Orchis viridis Forssk. (I775), non Crantz (1769) nom. illeg. – Type. Yemen, M'harras [Nagd al Ahmar, Taiz-Ibb], Forsskal s.n. (C, holo.).
Tropical Africa from Ethiopia and Sudan to South Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Habenaria cultrata A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 297 (1850).
East Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Habenaria keayi Summerh., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 14: 217 (1951).
East and west tropical Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Habenaria malacophylla Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg.: 97 (1881).
Tropical and south Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Habenaria myodes Summerh., Kew Bull. 16: 287 (1962).
Tropical and southern Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Nervilia bicarinata (Blume) Schltr., Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 45: 405 (1911).
Pogonia bicarinata Blume (1859).
Tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Sāo Tome & Principe, Réunion, Mauritius. Oman, Yemen.
Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Mor.) Seidenf., Dansk Bot. Ark. 32, 2, 151 (1978).
Bolborchis crociformis Zoll. & Mor. (1846).
Tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, Cape Verde Islands, Réunion, Mauritius, India to New Guinea, Australia (Queensland). Oman.
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OROBANCHACEAE
Alectra parasitica A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 117 (1850).Cameroon, Tropical east Africa, S Tropical Africa Somalia, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Buchnera hispida Buch.-Ham ex D.Don., Prodromus Florae Nepalensis 91 (1825).
tropical and subtropical Africa, from West Africa to East Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia; Madagascar and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cistanche rosea Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 339 (1894), nomen; et in Hook. Ic. Pl.: t. 2363, (1895) descr. –Type: Yemen, Tokham near Mokalla, 24 Dec. 1893, Lunt, s.n. (K, holo.; BM, iso.).
Bahrain, Oman, Yemen.
Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4(pt. 11): 324 (1884).
Orobanche tinctoria Forssk. (1775); Phelypaea tubulosa Schenk (1840); Cistanche tubulosa Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] t. 1420 bis (1849); Cistanche tinctoria (Forssk.) Beck (1904).
West coast of Africa and southern Spain, through north Africa, southern Mediterranean and the Middle East to India and Pakistan. Bahrain, ?Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Leptorhabdos parviflora Benth., Prodr. (A.P. de Candolle] 10: 510 (1846).
Gerardia parviflora Benth. (1835).
Northern Oman through Afghanistan, Pakistan to eastern Transcaucasia, Central Asia and Tien Shan. Oman.
Lindenbergia arabica (S.Moore) Hartl., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 102: 82 (1955).
Omania arabica S.Moore (1901). –Type: Oman [without precise locality], 1898, Jayakar s.n. (BM, lecto.).
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Lindenbergia indica (L. )Vatke., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 10 (1875).
Dodartia indica L. (1753). Synonym: Linderbergia fruticosa Benth. (1846). –Type: Oman, Muscat area, Aucher-Eloy 5104 (K, holo.; isotypes FI, FI-WEBB, P, W)
Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, northern Kenya, through the Middle East to Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Lindenbergia muraria (Roxb.ex D.Don) Brühl, Journ. Dep. Sc. Calcutta Univ. 2, Bot., 27 (1920).
Stemodia muraria Roxb. (1825).
Ethiopia, Oman through to India, Bangladesh, Myanmar to Vietnam and China. Oman.
Orobanche cernua L., Sp. Pl. 2: 633 (1753).
Southern Europe, northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula to C Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Orobanche dhofarensis M.J.Y.Foley, Edinburgh J. Bot. 55: 230 (1998). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, west of Ashinhaib, 22.9.1993, Collenette 8887 (ON holo., central specimen & photo; E, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Orobanche perangustata M.Y.J.Foley, Candollea 59(2): 240, plate 1 (2004). –Type: Oman, an Nid, 2500 m, in cultivations of lucerne, 21.3.1976, Radcliffe-Smith 3979 (K, holo.; ON, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Orobanche ramosa L., Sp. Pl.: 633 (1753).
southern Europe, also Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Cyprus. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Striga angustifolia (D.Don) Saldanha, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 70 (1963).
Buchnera angustifolia D.Don (1825).
Tropical eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula to Indo-China, Hainan. Oman, Yemen.
Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 466 (1891).
Buchnera asiatica L. (1753).
Tropical Africa, South Africa, Mascarenes, Arabian Peninsula, Indian subcontinent, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, introduced into USA. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Striga densiflora (Benth.) Benth., Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 363 (1836).
Buchnera densiflora Benth. (1835).
Arabian Peninsula. Indian subcontinent to China. Oman.
Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 11 (1875).
Buchnera gesnerioides Willd. (1802).
Tropical and South Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis corniculata L., Sp. Pl.: 435 (1753).Warm tropical and temperate countries. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
PAPAVERACEAE
Argemone mexicana L., Sp. Pl.: 508 (1753).West Indies and Mexico, now naturalized in the warmer regions of the world; weedy. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Fumaria abyssinica Hammar, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. Ser 3, 2: 275, t. 6 (1856–58).
Tropical E and NE Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Hypecoum pendulum L., Sp. Pl. 124 (1753)
N Africa, Mediterranean area, Arabia to C Asia and W Himalaya. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Papaver decaisnei Hochst. & Steud ex Elkan, Tent. Monogr. Papaver 26 (1839).
Egypt to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Papaver dubium L. var. laevigatum (M.Bieb.) Kadereit, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(2): 244 (1988).
Papaver laevigatum Beib. (1819).
SW Asia, from Jordan to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
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PASSIFLORACEAE
Basananthe berberoides (Chiov.) W.J.de Wilde, Blumea 21(2): 355 (1973).Carania berberoides Chiov., Fl. Somala 1: 176 (1929).
Somalia, Ethiopia, Yemen, Oman (Dhofar).
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PEDALIACEAE
Sesamum indicum L., Sp. Pl.: 634 (1753).Native to tropical Asia, but introduced and cultivated in many parts of the world including S Europe, Tropical Africa, the Middle East, S Asia, China and elsewhere. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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PIPERACEAE
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 64 (1816).Piper pellucidum L. (1753).
Pantropical. Oman, Yemen.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Bacopa monnieri (L. ) (Wettst., Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 4(3b, lief. 67) : 77 (1891).Lysimachia monnieri L. (1756).
Tropics and Subtropics. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Campylanthus antonii Thulin, Nordic J. Bot. 15(2): 191 (1995). –Type: Yemen, Mahrah region, 13 km from Sayhut along road to Qishn, 16 Oct. 1992, Thulin, Eriksson, Gifri & Långström 8407 (UPS holo.; K iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Campylanthus chascaniflorus A.G.Mill., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 380, fig. 2c & 5Ba–d (1980). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Ras Hamar, 28 Sept. 1979, Miller 2312 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Campylanthus hajarensis Hjertson, Henrot & Thulin, Nordic J. Bot. 26: 35–37 (2008). –Type: Oman, above Ta’ab village, in gorge off the road between the coast & Salma plateau, 20 April 2007, Henrot 232 (ON, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Campylanthus mirandae A.G.Mill., Notes Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45: 75, fig. 1Aa–h (1988). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Jabl Qamar, plateau area of western mountains, on southwards facing stony steps above sea cliffs, Sep. 1984, Morris 258 (E, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Campylanthus pungens O.Schwartz, Mitt. Inst. Bot. Hamburg 10: 245 (1939). –Type: Yemen, Hadramaut, Wissmann 661 (HBG, holo.).
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Campylanthus sedoides A.G.Mill., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 382, fig. 2a & 5Aa–e (1980). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Shuwamiyah, 14 Oct. 1979, 600 m, Miller 2727 (E, holo.; K, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Linaria simplex Desf., Tabl. École Bot.: 65 (1804).
Antirrhinum simplex Willd. (1800); Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC. (1805), nom. illeg.
S Europe, N Africa and SW Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Linaria micrantha is likely to be found in Oman; it can be distinguished by its wider leaves (2–3 mm) and larger lilac-blue flowers. It is found in the Mediterranean region, southern Portugal, Iraq and Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan.
Misopates orontium (L.) Rafin., Autikon Botanikon: 158 (1840).
Antirrhinum orontium L. (1753).
Eastern tropical Africa, North and South Africa, Europe, Arabia and parts of Asia. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Nanorrhinum ramosissimum (Wall.) Betsche, Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 71: 132 (1984).
Linaria ramosissima Wall. (1931) nom. illegit. Kickxia ramosissima (Wall.) Janchen (1933); K. chasmophytica Wendelbo (1980).
Myanmar westwards through India, western China, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and Arabia to NE Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, northern Kenya). Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Nanorrhinum hastatum (Benth.) Ghebr., Nordic J. Bot. 20(6): 677 (2001).
Linaria hastata R.Br. ex Benth. (1846).
NE Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia). Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Nanorrhinum heterophyllum (Schousb.) Ghebr., Nordic J. Bot. 20(6): 683 (2001).
Antirrhinum heterophyllum Schousb. (1800). Kickxia heterophylla (Schousb.) Dandy (1956); K. qaraica D.A.Sutton (1988). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Miller 2505 (holotype E; BM, K, iso.).
Canary Islands and Cape Verde Peninsula to northern Africa and NE Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Plantago afra L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 168 (1762)
N Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Plantago albicans L., Sp. Pl. 1: 114 (1753).
Plantago boissieri Hausskn. & Bornm. ex Bornm. (1894).
Southern Mediterranean through Turkey, Syria, Palestine and Iraq, Arabian Peninsula to Egypt and NE Africa. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Plantago amplexicaulis Cav., Icon. [Cavanilles] 2: 22, t. 125 (1793).
N Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran to Pakistan and western India. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Plantago ciliata Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 137. t. 39, f. 3 (1798).
North Africa through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Plantago major L., Sp. Pl. 1: 112 (1753).
Europe and Central Asia, naturalised in most parts of the world. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?UAE, Yemen.
Plantago notata Lag., Gen. Sp. [Lagasca] 7 (1816).
Spain, N Africa, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Iran. Oman.
Plantago ovata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 31 (1775) var. ovata
North Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran to Pakistan and western India; Canary Islands, Madeira, SE Spain. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Soqotra, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Schweinfurthia imbricata Miller, Short & Sutton, Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 40(1): 28 (1982).
Type: Oman, Jabal Akhdar, Al Hijir, Wadi Bani Kharus, 24 Oct. 1979, Miller & Whitcombe 2804 (holotype E; isotype BM, K).
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Schweinfurthia papilionacea (L.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 387 (1879).
Antirrhinum papilionaceum L. (1767).
Arabian Peninsula, Iran to India. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Schweinfurthia pedicellata (T.Anderson) Balf., Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 31: 201 (1888). –Type: Yemen, Aden, J.D. Hooker 87 (K, lecto.); Anarrhinum pedicellatum T.Anderson (1861).
Pakistan, (Sind), Egypt, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Comoro Islands. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Schweinfurthia pterosperma (A.Rich.) A.Braun, [Sitzungs-Ber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1866: (9): 24 (1866), nom nud] Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1866: 872 (1867).
Antirrhinum pterospermum A.Rich. (1851).
NE Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Schweinfurthia spinosa A.G.Mill., M.Short & D.A.Sutton, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40(1): 37, fig. 2, 4, plate 3, C–F (1982). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Jabal Qara, 20 km N of Raven’s Roost on main Thamrait to Salalah road, 13 Oct. 1979, Miller 2726 (E, holo.; BM, K, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Veronica anagalloides Guss., Pl. Rar. (Gussone) 5: t. 3 (1826) subsp. anagalloides
Veronica haussknechtii Boiss. (1879); V. anagallis-aquatica L. subsp. anagalloides (Guss.) Rouy (1909).
S Europe, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan to China, and to Arabia and Egypt. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Veronica polita Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt. 1 (1828).
Veronica didyma auct., vix Ten. (1811).
N & NE Africa, Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan, Europe; introduced into India, China, North and South America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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PLUMBAGINACEAE
Limonium axillare (Forssk.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 395 (1891).Statice axillaris Forssk. (1775).
Egypt (by the Red Sea coast) Pakistan and Ethiopia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen. Also found in.
Limonium carnosum (Boiss.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 395 (1891).
Statice carnosum Boiss. (1879).
NW Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Armenia and Transcaucasia (in the latter two regions it is a montane species occurring from 1000–1500 m. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Limonium milleri Ghaz. & J.R.Edm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 60(1): 15 (2003). – Type: Oman, Dhofar, Salalah to Thamrait, low hills with Euphorbia balsamifera and low grassland, 8 Nov. 1985, A.G. Miller 7530 (E, holo.; K, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Limonium sarcophyllum Ghaz. & J.R.Edm., Edinburgh. J. Bot. 60(1): 13 (2003). –Type: Oman, Ras Shajar, c. 2 km from Bimah, coastal wadi, 7 Nov. 1993, S.A. Ghazanfar 2746 (K, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Limonium stocksii (Boiss.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 396 (1891). –Type: [Oman] Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 5243 (G, G-Boiss, K, P, syn.).
Statice arabicum Jaub. & Spach (1844); Type as above; Statice stocksii Boiss. in DC. (1848).
SW Pakistan (Baluchistan), Afghanistan, Iran. Oman, UAE.
Plumbago indicum (Boiss.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 144 (2018).
Dyerophytum indicum (Gibson ex Wight) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 394 (1891). –Type: [Oman], Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 5258 (G-Boiss., P syn.); Vogelia arabica Boiss. (1848); Vogelia indica Gibson & Wight (1847).
Western India. Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Plumbago zeylanica L., Sp. Pl.: 151 (1753).
Tropical regions of Asia and Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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POACEAE
Acrachne racemosa (B.Heyne ex Roth) Ohwi in Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 1 (1947).Eleusine racemosa B.Heyne ex Roth (1817); E. verticillata Roxb. (1820).
Old World tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 374 (1864).
Dactylis lagopoides L. (1753).
Mediterranean region, eastwards to India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Andropogon distachyos L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1046 (1753).
Tropical Africa and South Africa, shores of the Mediterranean and in Thailand. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Apluda mutica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82 (1753).
A. aristata L. (1756).
Mascarenes, Asia to W Pacific. Oman, Socotra.
Aristida abnormis Chiov., Pirotta, Fl. Eritrea: 48 (1903).
Northeast Africa and southwest Asia. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Aristida adscensionis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82 (1753).
A. paniculata Forssk. (1775). –Type. Yemen (N), Forsskål (C); A. pumila Decne. (1835–); ‒Type. Yemen (N), Decaisne (P); A. ehrenbergii Trin. & Rupr. (1842). ‒Type. Arabia, Ehrenberg (LE); A. caerulescens var. breviaristata Schweinf. ‒Types: Yemen, Schweinfurth 26, 323, 683, 981, 1134, 1524 (B, G); A. caerulescens var. arabica Henrard (1932). ‒Type. Arabia, not specified; A. caerulescens var. exilis Schweinf. ex Blatter (1936). ‒Type. Yemen, Schweinfurth 1957 (K).
Tropics and subtropics. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Aristida fredscholzii H.Scholz & Kürschner, Willdenowia 30: 273 (2000). –Type. Oman, Eastern Hajar, Wadi Muharam south of Sumail, Sumail gap, Kürschner & Scholz 99-39 (B, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 159 (1842).
Tropical Africa to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Aristida migiurtina Chiov., Pl. Nov. Aethiop.: 29 (1928).
Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Aristida mutabilis Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 150 (1842).
A. meccana Hochst. ex Trin. & Rupr. (1842). ‒Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper (LE); (1842); A. schweinfurthii var. boissieri Schweinf. (1894). ‒Types: Yemen, Schweinfurth 94 (K) and Eritrea.
Tropical Africa to India. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Aristida triticoides Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54C: 744 (1933).
Somalia and Pakistan. ?Oman, ?Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Arthraxon cuspidatus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Hochst. ex Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 353 (1889).
Andropogon cuspidatus Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1850).
Ethiopia and India. Oman.
Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 214 (1912).
Phalaris hispida Thunb. (1784).
India eastwards to China and Australia. Oman.
Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. in Flora 39: 188 (1856).
Andropogon lancifolius Trin. (1832); Arthraxon lancifolius var. eremophilus Bor (1971). –Type. Oman, Vesey-FitzGerald 12318/3 (BM, K, syn.).
Tropical Africa eastwards to China and Indonesia. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Arthraxon micans (Nees) Hochst., Flora 39: 188 (1856).
Andropogon micans (Nees) Steud. (1854).
Tropical Africa eastwards to Thailand. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Arthraxon nudus (Nees ex Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188 (1856).
Andropogon nudus Nees ex Steud. (1854).
India to Southeast Asia. Oman.
Arthraxon prionodes (Steud.) Dandy in F.W. Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 399 (1956).
Andropogon prionodes Steud. (1854).
Eastern tropical Africa eastwards to India, China and Thailand. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Arthraxon pusillus Bor in J. Indian Bot. Soc. 50A: 92 (1971). –Type. Oman, Vesey-FitzGerald 12364/7 (BM, K syn.).
Endemic. Oman.
Arundinella pumila (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 114 (1854).
Acratherum pumilum Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1850).
Tropical Africa and tropical Asia. Not found elsewhere in the Arabian Peninsula.
Arundinella nepalensis Trin., Gram. Panic.: 62 (1826).
Tropical Africa eastwards through India to China and Australia. Not found elsewhere in the Arabian Peninsula.
Arundo donax L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81 (1753).
Mediterranean region to Southeast Asia. Introduced in the Arabian Peninsula, found in Oman Qatar, , Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen
Avena barbata Pott ex Link in J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 315 (1799) subsp. barbata.
A. alba auct. non Vahl.
Europe and North Africa eastwards to Central Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
subsp. wiestii (Steud.) Mansf., Kulturpfl. Beih. 2: 479 (1959), with spikelets 4–6(‒8) mm long, and the lowermost lemmas 2–4 mm long, is recorded from Oman, Saudi ArabiaAvena sativa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79 (1753).
Oat is cultivated as a cereal in most temperate countries, and often found as an escape. Oman, Kuwait.
Avena fatua L., Sp. Pl. 1: 80 (1753).
Temperate Old World. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T.Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 80: 62 (1969).
Andropogon bladhii Retz. (1781).
Old World tropics. Oman.
Bothriochloa insculpta (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) A.Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s. 76: 165 (1931).
Andropogon insculptus Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1851).
Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Bothriochloa radicans (Lehm.) A.Camus (Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s. 76: 164, 1931) may be found in Oman, but at pesent its presence in Oman is not confirmed; elsewhere in the Arabian Peninsula, it is found in Saudi Arabia.
Brachiaria ovalis Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.]9: 546 (1919). –Type. Socotra, Balfour 47 (holo. K). [Unplaced name]
Kenya, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Brachypodium distachyum (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 101, 155 (1812).
Bromus distachyos L. (1753).
Mediterranean region eastwards to southwest & central Asia; introduced elsewhere. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Bromus danthoniae Trin. in C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer: 24 (1831).
Eastern Mediterranean region eastwards to central Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia.
Bromus fasciculatus C.Presl, Cyper. Gramin. Sicul.: 39 (1820).
B. fasciculatus var. alexandrinus Thell. (1908).
Mediterranean region and southwest Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Bromus madritensis L., Cent. Pl. I: 5 (1755).
Bromus villosus Forssk. (1775); B. haussknechtii Boiss. (1884); B. madritensis subsp. haussknechtii (Boiss.) H.Scholz (1989).
Mediterranean region and southwest Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Bromus pectinatus Thunb., Prodr. Fl. Cap. 1: 22 (1794).
B. adoensis Steud. (1854).
Northeast tropical Africa eastwards through Egypt to Arabia, and southwards to South Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Bromus pumilio (Trin.) P.M.Sm., Feddes Repert. 79: 338 (1969).
Pappophorum pumilio Trin. (1831).
Egypt to C Asia, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia
Cappillipedium parviflorum (R.Br.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 169 (1917).
Holcus parviflorus R.Br. (1810).
Eastern tropical Africa, tropical Asia and Australia. Oman.
Castellia tuberculosa (Moris) Bor in Indian Forester 74: 90 (1948).
Catapodium tuberculosum Moris (1841).
Mediterranean region, Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia and Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E.Hubb. in Dony, Fl. Bedfordshire: 437 (1953).
Western & southern Europe, North Africa and western Asia; introduced in North & South America, South Africa and Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106(1): 127 (2010).
Panicum glaucum L. (1753); Holcus racemosus Forssk. (1775). ‒Type. Yemen (specimen not located). Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. (1810).
Cultivated cereal (Bulrush millet), native to westerna bd central Africa, widely cultivated in the tropics for fodder and grain, particularly important in the Sahel zone of West Africa. Cultivated in Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cenchrus ciliaris L., Mant. Pl. Altera 302 (1771).
Pennisetum cenchroides Rich. (1805), nom. superfl., based on C. ciliaris L.
Throughout Africa, extending through southwest Asia to India; widely introduced elsewhere in the Old World. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen
Cenchrus divisus (J.F.Gmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler, Phtotaxa 181(1) 59 (2014).
Panicum dichotomum Forssk. (1775), non L. (1753). –Type. Yemen, Forsskål (C); Panicum divisum Forssk. ex. J.F.Gmel (1791); Pennisetum dichotomum Delile (1813), based on Panicum dichotomum Forssk.
Pennisetum divisum (J.F.Gmel.) Henrard (1938).
North Africa, Somalia, through southwest Asia to India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106(1): 128 (2010).
Pennisetum orientale Rich. (1805).
North Africa eastwards to southwest and central Asia; India, Pakistan, Nepal. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. in Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109 (1854).
Eastern and northeastern tropical Africa to India; introduced in Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen
Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106(1): 128 (2010).
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. (1827).
Tropical Africa; introduced in most tropical countries. Oman, ?Saudi Arabia.
Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106(1): 129 (2010).
Phalaris setacea Forssk. (1775); Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. (1923).
North and northeast Africa and southwest Asia. Qatar (introduced), Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 2: 395 (1806).
C. montanus Nees ex Steud. (1854). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 796, 797 (K, syn.).
Eastern & northeastern tropical Africa eastwards to India; introduced elsewhere in the tropics. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Cenchrus sieberianus (Schltdl.) Verloove, Willdenowia 42(1): 78 (2012).
Penicillaria sieberiana Schltdl. (1853); Pennisetum sieberianum (Schltdl.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. (1933).
Ethiopia westwards through the Sahel to Senegal; Angola, Namibia. Introduced into the Arabian Peninsula. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Centropodia forskaolii (Vahl) Cope in Kew Bull. 37: 658 (1983).
Avena forskaolei Vahl (1791); Avena pensylvanica Forssk. (1775), non L. (1753).
Tropical and north Africa to central Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Chloris barbata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 200 (1797).
Tropics. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Chloris gayana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 293, t. 58 (1830).
Tropical and southern Africa. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Chloris quinquesetica Bhide, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n.s. 8: 311, t. 324 (1912).
Pakistan and India. Oman.
Chloris virgata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 203 (1797).
C. meccana Hochst. & Steud. ex Schltdl. (1844). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 802 (K).
Tropics. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1907: 211 (1907).
Andropogon aucheri Boiss. (1844).
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen; also found on Soqotra.
Chrysopogon macleishii Cope in Kew Bull. 49: 533 (1994). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, Above Dhalkut, Cope 514 (K, holo.; ON, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Chrysopogon plumulosus Hochst., Jahresh. Vereins Vaterl. Naturk. Württemberg 3: 62 (1847). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper s.n. (whereabouts uncertain), based on the same gathering as Aristida chrysopila Steud.
Aristida chrysopila Steud. (1840), nom. nud.; A. aristidoides Steud. (1854). –Type. Yemen, Schimper s.n. (P).
Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Cleistachne sorghoides Benth. in Hook., Icon. Pl. 14: t. 1379 (1882).
Tropical and S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India. Oman.
Coelachyrum brevifolium Hochst. & Nees, Linnaea 16: 221 (1842). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 799 (K, syn.).
Eragrostis coelachyrum Benth. (1881), nom. superfl., based on C. brevifolium.
North & Northeast Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Coelachyrum piercei (Benth.) Bor, Kew Bull. 7: 226 (1952).
Eragrostis piercei Benth. (1881); Coelachyrum stoloniferum C.E. Hubb. (1941).
Somalia and Pakistan (Baluchistan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Coelachyrum poiflorum Chiov., Ann. Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 75, t. 3/4 (1897).
C. induratum Pilg. ex Schwartz (1939 p.330). –Syntypes: Yemen, Rathjens 40, 721 (whereabouts uncertain).
Northeast Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Coelachyrum yemenicum (Schweinf.) S.M.Phillips, Kew Bull. 37: 159 (1982).
Eragrostis yemenica Schweinf. (1894).
Somalia and Pakistan (Baluchistan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 211 (1907).
Andropogon commutatus Steud. (1854); Cymbopodon parkeri Stapf (1929); C. schoenanthus subsp. velutinus Cope (1984). –Type. Oman, Radcliffe-Smith 5586 (K, holo.).
Tropical Africa eastwards to Iraq and India. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. subsp. olivieri (Boiss.) Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9: 307 (1977).
Andropogon jwarancusa Jones (1798); A. olivieri Boiss. (1844); Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss.) Bor (1963).
Iraq westwards to Pakistan and Northwest India. Bahrain, Oman, Soqotra, UAE.
Cymbopogon pospischilii (K.Schum.) C.E.Hubb., Kew Bull. 4: 175 (1949).
Andropogon pospischilii K.Schum. (1897).
Eastern Africa southwards to South Africa and eastwards to Pakistan and Nepal. Oman, Yemen.
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 14 (1815) subsp. schoenanthus
Andropogon schoenanthus L. (1753); A. circinnatus Hochst. & Steud. (1854). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 789 (K); Cymbopogon circinnatus (Hochst. & Steud.) Hochst. ex Hack. (1889).
Africa north of the Sahara, Somalia and Djibouti. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 85 (1805).
Panicum lineare L. (1762).
Tropical and warm temperate regions. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Enum. Pl.: 1029 (1809).
Cynosurus aegyptius L. (1753); Eleusine aegyptia (L.) Desf. (1798).
Tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Dactyloctenium aristatum Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 59 (1827).
Cynosurus aegyptiacus Forssk. (1775), non L. (1753). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Forsskål 1179 (C; poor specimen, unidentifi¬able with certainty); Eleusine aegyptia auct. non (L.) Desf.
East Africa to Northwest India. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Dactyloctenium robecchii Chiov., Fl. Somala 1: 337 (1929).
Somalia. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(4): 131 (1859).
D. glaucophyllum Courbai (1862); Eleusine glaucophylla (Courbai) Munro ex Benth. (1881); E. aristata Ehrenb. ex Boiss. (1884), in syn.
Northeast Africa to Northwest India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 632 (1900).
Cynosurus durus Forssk. (1775), non L. (1753); Eragrostis bipinnata (L.) K. Schum. (1895); E. cynosuroides (Retz.) P. Beauv. (1812).
Sahara to Tanzania and Indo-China. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 178 (1917).
Andropogon annulatus Forssk. (1775).
Senegal eastwards to India and Indonesia; introduced in southern Africa, tropical America and Australia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 654 (1939).
Andropogon aristatus Poir. (1811).
Tanzania eastwards through India to Southeast Asia; introduced throughout much of the rest of Africa and other tropical areas. Oman, Yemen.
Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 170 (1960).
Andropogon foveolatus Delile (1813).
Mali and North Africa eastwards to India and Sri Lanka. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Dichanthium micranthum Cope, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 7 & 8: 325 (1977). –Type. Oman, Vesey-FitzGerald 12316/1 (BM, K, syn.).
Endemic. Oman.
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 27 (1802).
Panicum ciliare Retz. (1786); Digitaria sanguinalis auct. non (L.) Scop.; Schwartz (1939); Ghazanfar, Annot. Cat. Vasc. Pl. Oman: 133 (1992).
Throughout the tropics. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE Yemen.
Digitaria neghellensis J.-P. Lebrun, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), sér. 4, 10, sect. B, Adansonia no.
3: 271 (1989).
Ethiopia. Oman.
Digitaria nodosa Parl., Pl. Nov.: 39 (1842).
Panicum commutatum var. nodosum (Parl.) Hack. ex T.Durand & Schinz (1895).
Canary Islands and North Africa; northeastern tropical Africa eastwards to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Digitaria pennata (Hochst.) T.Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 941 (1908).
Panicum pennatum Hochst. (1855).
Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Somalia to northern India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Digitaria stricta Roth ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 474 (1817).
Pakistan, India, Nepal, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Oman.
Digitaria velutina (Forssk.) P.Beauv., Ess Agrostogr.: 51 (1812).
Phalaris velutina Forssk. (1775). –Type. Yemen, Forsskal (C).
Eastern Africa from Egypt southwards to South Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Dignathia hirtella Stapf, Hook.f., Icon. Pl. 30: t. 2950 (1911).
Northeast Africa and India. Oman, Yemen.
Dimeria ornithopoda Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 167, t. 14 (1820).
India, through Southeast Asia to Australia. Oman.
Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 1813: 270, t. 12 (1814).
Cynosurus retroflexus Vahl (1791).
Tropical Africa to Southwest Asia and India. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Diplachne fusca (L.) P.Beauv. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 615 (1817).
Tropics and subtropics, N America. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE.
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 209 (1833
Panicum colonum L. (1759).
Tropics and subtropics. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P.Beauv. (1812),
Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Eleusine africana Kenn.-O’Byrne, Kew Bull. 12: 65 (1957).
E. indica subsp. africana (Kenn.¬O’Byrne) S.M.Phillips (1972).
Uplands of eastern and southern Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 8, t. 1/11 (1788).
Cynosurus coracanus (1759).
Cultivated in the Old World tropics and sub-tropics. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 8 (1788).
Cynosurus indicus L. (1753).
A pantropical weed. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Elionurus royleanus Nees ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 471 (1850).
Andropogon elegantissimus Steud. var. arabicus Steud. (1854). –Type. Yemen, Schimper 831 (K).
Mauritania to Northwest India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Enneapogon cenchroides (Roem. & Schult.) C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. 1934: 119 (1934).
Pappophorum cenchroides Roem. & Schult. (1817).
Africa and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Enneapogon desvauxii P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 82, t. 1 6/11 (1812).
Pappophorum phleoides Trin. (1821). ‒Type. Saudi Arabia (no further details); P. brachystachyum Jaub. & Spach, (1851) ‒Type. Yemen, Botta (P); P. arabicum Hochst. & Steud. (1854). ‒Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper (TUB).
Africa to India and China; Central & South America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen, UAE.
Enneapogon lophotrichus Chiov. ex H.Scholz & P.König, Willdenowia 13: 369 (1983).
Pappophorum molle auct. non (Lehm.) Kunth.
Ethiopia, Somalia, Egypt. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Enneapogon persicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(5): 71 (1844).
Pappophorum persicum (Boiss.) Steud. (1854); Enneapogon elegans (Nees ex Steud.) Stapf (1907).
Tropical Africa; south & southwest Asia to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Enteropogon dolichostachyus (Lag.) Keng ex Lazarides, Austral. J. Bot., suppl. 5: 31 (1972).
Chloris dolichostachya Lag. (1816).
Pakistan and China to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Oman, Yemen.
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn., Cat. Indian Pl. 2: 105 (1834).
Poa amabilis L. (1753); Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. (1817).
Tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 408 (1841).
Poa aspera Jacq. (1776).
Tropical and southern Africa to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau, J. Bot. (Morat) 8: 289 (1894).
Mediterranean region, tropical Africa and Southwest Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. in Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5(9): 110 (1907).
Poa cilianensis All. (1785).
Tropical and warm temperate Old World. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R.Br., Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire, app. 5: 478 (1818).
Poa ciliaris L. (1759); Eragrostis arabica Jaub. & Spach (1851). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 798 (BM, K, syn.); E. ciliaris var. brachystachya Boiss. (1884). –Type. Arabia, Schweinfurth 1091 (G, syn.) and Pakistan.
Tropics. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin., Gram. Gen.: 405 (1830).
Poa japonica Thunb. (1784).
Tropical Africa to Southeast Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?UAE, Yemen.
Eragrostis mahrana Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2, app. 2: 42 (1894) as ‘mabrana’. –Type. Yemen, Schweinfurth 208 (B, K, syn.).
E. fruticans Jedwabn. (1924). –Type as for E. mahrana.
Somalia and possibly also Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Eragrostis minor Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 15 (1809).
E. pooides P. Beauv. (1812), as ‘poaeoides,’ based on Poa eragrostis L.
Subtropical and warm temperate Old World. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Eragrostis papposa (Roem. & Schult.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 564 (1840).
Megastachya papposa Roem. & Schult. (1817); Eragrostis aulacosperma var. perennis Schweinf. (1894). –Types: Yemen, Schweinfurth 1452 (B), 1654 (K) 1946 (B).
Southern Europe and North Africa southwards to northern Tanzania and eastwards to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Eragrostis patula (Kunth.) Steud, Momencl. Bot. ed. 2, 1: 564 (1840).
Poa patula Kunth (1816); Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. (1854).
Tropics. ?Oman, ?Saudi Arabia Yemen.
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 162, 175 (1812).
Poa pilosa L. (1753).
Tropical and warm temperate regions throughout the world. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 264 (1854).
Poa unioloides Retz. (1789).
Pakistan and India eastwards to Southeast Asia. Oman.
Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin., Gram. Gen.: 397 (1830).
E. plumosa auct. non (Retz.) Link.
Tropical Africa eastwards to Indo-China and the Philippines. Oman, Soqotra.
Eriochloa barbatus (Trin.) S.Yadav & M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 6A: 145 (2014).
Helopus barbatus Trin (1821); Panicum fatmense Hochst. & Steud. (1837). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 806 (K); Eriochloa fatmensis (Hochst. & Steud.) Clayton (1975).
Tropical Africa and South Africa, Arabian Peninsula; introduced into India, Thailand. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Euclasta clarkei (Hack.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 704 (1980).
Indochloa clarkei (Hack.) Bor (1954).
India. Oman.
Eustachys paspaloides (Vahl) Lanza & Mattei in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Giardino Colon. Palermo 9: 56 (1910).
Cynosurus paspaloides Vahl (1791).
Tropical and southern Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Fingerhuthia africana Lehm., Sem. Hort. Bot. Hamburg. 1834: 7 (1834) and in Linnaea 10, Litt.: 112 (1836).
F. africana var. minor (Nees) Pilg. ex Schwartz (1939).
Southern Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan; introduced in Aus¬tralia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Garnotia stricta Brongn., Duperrey, Voy. Monde, Phan. 113, t. 21 (1832).
India, through Southeast Asia to Australia. Oman.
Gastridium phleoides (Nees) C.E.Hubb. in Kew Bull. 9: 375 (1954).
Lachnagrostis phleoides Nees & Meyen (1841).
Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya northwards to the southern Mediterranean region and eastwards through Turkey to Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 776 (1891).
Cenchrus granularis L. (1771).
Tropics. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf in Hook., Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2448 (1896).
Desmazeria unioloides Deflers (1889), nom. superfl., based on Uniola mucronata L. (1753).
Coastal Indian Ocean from Mozambique to Sri Lanka. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 836 (1817).
Andropogon contortus L. (1753); Heteropogon hirtus Pers. (1807), nom. superfl., based on Andropogon contortus L.
Tropical and warm temperate regions. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Heteropogon melanocarpus (Elliott) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 71 (1881).
Andropogon melanocarpus Elliott (1816).
Tropical Africa and India; tropical America. Oman.
Hordeum vulgare L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84 (1753).
H. distichon L. (1753).
Cultivated throughout the world in temperate regions. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 315 (1918).
Andropogon hirtus L. (1753).
Mediterranean region eastwards to Pakistan and southwards to South Africa, but absent from much of tropical Africa. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 3: 10 (1797).
Lagurus cylindricus L. (1759); Arundo epigeios Forssk. (1775) non L. (1753).
Old World tropics, extending to the Mediterranean region; South America. Doubtfully recorded from Oman, but it is very likey to be present there. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 778 (1891).
Milium globosum Thunb. (1784).
India to south and southeast Asia and Australia. Oman.
Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench, Methodus: 201 (1794).
Cynosurus aureus L. (1753).
Mediterranean and neighboring regions from Portugal to the Canary Islands, east to Ethiopia and northern India; naturalized in parts of Australia and the Americas; an invasive weed in some areas. Altitude: 1000–1200 m. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen; expected to be found in the UAE.
Lasiurus scindicus Henrard, Blumea 4: 514 (1941).
s. Saccharum hirsutum Forssk. (1775); Triticum aegilopoides Forssk. (1775), nom. dub. –Type not known; Lasiurus hirsutus (Vahl) Boiss. subsp. arabicus Chrtek (1968). –Type. Yemen, Ibrahim s.n. (CAI).
Mali to NE India. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth) Clayton, Kew Bull. 27: 151 (1972).
Latipes senegalensis Kunth (1830).
Tropical Africa and southwest Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Lolium temulentum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83 (1753).
Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia, but widely introduced elsewhere. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Loudetia flavida (Stapf) C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934(10): 429 (1934).
Tropical and S Africa. Oman.
Melanocenchris abyssinica (R.Br. ex Fresen.) Hochst. in Flora 38: 274 (1855).
Eutriana abyssinica R.Br. ex Fresen. (1837); Ptiloneilema plumosa Hochst. & Steud. (1854). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 794 (K).
Northeast Africa to Northwest India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka subsp. grandiflora (Hochst.) Zizka in Biblioth. Bot. 138: 60 (1988).
Rhynchelytrum grandiflorum Hochst. (1844); Rhynchelytrum microstachyum Balfour (1884). –Type. Socotra, Balfour 254 (K); R. microstachyum var. albicomum Balfour (1884). –Type. Socotra, Balfour 124 (K) & Schweinfurth 467 (K); Melinus barbeyana Mez (1921). –Type. Yemen, Schweinfurth 1345 (B).
Tropical Africa. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Microchloa kunthii Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat.: 75 (1831).
M. indica auct. non (L.) P. Beauv. (1812).
Tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp, Reinwardtia 12(2): 139 (2004),
Panicum eruciforme Sm. (1806).
Urochloa eruciformis (Sm.) C.Nelson, J.Sutherl. & Fern.Casas (1998); Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. (1853).
Mediterranean region southwards to South Africa and eastwards to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Ochthochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu in Kew Bull. 36: 560 (1981).
Panicum compressum Forssk. (1775) ‒Type. Yemen, Forsskål (C, holo.); Eleusine arabica Hochst. ex Steud. (1854). ‒Type. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Schimper 800 (K, holo.); E. compressa (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. ex C. Chr. (1922).
Northeast Africa to Northwest India. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 54, 168, 169 (1812).
Panicum burmanni Retz. (1783.)
Tropical Africa, tropical Asia, tropical America. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Oplismenus compositus (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 54, 169 (1812).
Panicum compositum L. (1753).
East Africa through India to eastern Asia and Australasia; also Mexico, Venezuela and Ecuador. Oman, Soqotra Yemen.
Oropetium capense Stapf, Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 742 (1900).
O. capense var. arabicum H.Scholz & P.König (1984). ‒Type. Oman, Baierle et al. 82-229a (B, holo.).
Tropical and southern Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Panicum antidotale Retz., Observ. Bot. 4: 17 (1786/7).
Egypt and Iraq eastwards to Pakistan and India; introduced into tropical Africa as a drought-resistant fodder grass. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Panicum atrosanguineum Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1850 p. 375).
Tropical Africa and northwest India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Panicum coloratum L., Mant. Pl. 1: 30 (1767).
Tropical and subtropical Africa; introduced elsewhere. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Panicum maximum Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 2, t. 13 (1781).
P. atrosanguineum auct. non Hochst. ex A. Rich.; Balfour (1888), in part.
Tropical and southern Africa, but widely introduced in the tropics. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Panicum miliaceum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 58 (1753).
Originally from the Indian Subcontinent but introduced to parts of Africa, Europe, North & South America, Australia and Central & southern Asia, and widely naturalized. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Panicum trichoides Sw., Prodr.: 24 (1788).
Tropical America; probably introduced into the Old World. Oman.
Panicum turgidum Forssk., Pl. Aegypt.-Arab 18 (1775).
Morocco, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan eastwards to Southwest Asia and Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb. in Blumea, suppl. 3: 14 (1946).
P. marginata auct. non Runemark (1990).
Western Europe through the Mediterranean region to Southwest Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia.
Paspalidium desertorum (A.Rich.) Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 585 (1920)
Panicum desertorum A.Rich. (1850); P. arabicum Nees ex Steud. (1854). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 807 (K, holo.) (the second specimen cited, Schimper 963, is Echinochloa colona and does not fit the description).
Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 583 (1920).
Panicum geminatum Forssk. (1775).
Throughout the Old World tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Paspalum distichum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 855 (1759).
Tropics and subtropics throughout the world, but absent from the equatorial belt and extending into warm temperate regions. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Paspalum vaginatum Sw., Prodr.: 21 (1788).
P. distichum auct. non L.
Throughout the tropics and extending into the subtropics. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Phalaris minor Retz., Observ. Bot. 3: 8 (1788).
Mediterranean region to Pakistan and the Northwest Himalaya; introduced in temperate countries throughout the world. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Phalaris paradoxa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1665 (1763).
P. paradoxa var. praemorsa (Lam.) Coss. & Durieu (1854).
Europe and the Mediterranean region eastwards to southwest Asia; widely introduced. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841).
Arundo australis Cav. (1799).
a. subsp. australis.
Arundo donax Forssk. (1775), non L. (1753). ‒Type. Yemen, Forsskål (C); Phragmites communis Trin. (1820).
Temperate regions of the World. Elsewere in the Arabian Peninsula found in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
subsp. altissimus (Benth.) Clayton in Taxon 17: 169 (1968).
Arundo maxima Forssk. (1775), nom. dub.
Mediterranean shores, eastwards to Iran and south¬wards to Kenya, Ethiopia and the southern edge of the Sahara. Elsewere in the Arabian Peninsula found in Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Piptatherum holciforme (M.Bieb.) Roem & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 328 (1817).
Eastern Mediterranean and E Europe to C Asia; N and E Africa through Arabian Peninsula to Afghanistan. Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen.
Poa bulbosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70 (1753).
Europe to NW China, northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, UAE,
Poa sinaica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(3) 256 (1854).
E Mediterranean to NW India. Oman, UAE.
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 67 (1798).
Alopecurus monspeliensis L. (1753); Phalaris cristata Forssk. (1775).
Warm temperate regions of the Old World. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE.
Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110 (Sess. Extr.): 56 (1966).
Agrostis viridis Gouan (1762); Phalaris semiverticillata Forssk. (1775).
Mediterranean region eastwards to northwest India; widely introduced. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Pseudodichanthium serrafalcoides (T.Cooke & Stapf) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 271 (1940).
Andropogon serrafalcoides T.Cooke & Stapf (1908).
India (Western Ghats). Oman.
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 47 (1971).
Festuca cristata L. (1753).
Mediterranean region eastwards to northwest India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Rostraria pumila (Desf.) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 48 (1971).
Avena pumila Desf. (1798).
Mediterranean region eastwards to northwest India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Stipa capensis Thunb., Prodr. Fl. Cap. 1: 19 (1794).
Stipa tortilis Desf. (1798).
Mediterranean region to Northwest India; South Africa (probably introduced). Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35: 817 (1981).
Stegosia cochinchinensis Lour. (1790).
Old World tropics; introduced in the New World. Oman, Yemen.
Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 453 (1884).
Pakistan and Afghanistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Saccharum kajkaiense (Melderis) Melderis, Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 70: 515 (1970).
Erianthus kajkaiensis Melderis (1965).
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Oman.
Saccharum ravennae (L.) Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 13: 88 (1774).
Andropogon ravennae L. (1763).
Mediterranean region and the Sahara eastwards to northern India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Schismus arabicus Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 422 (1841). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 391 (B).
Festuca calycina Forssk. (1775), non Loefl. (1758).
Eastern Mediterranean region to central Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman Qatar, , Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 391 (1907).
Festuca barbata L. (1753).
Mediterranean region, Southwest Asia, southern and southwestern Africa. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman Qatar, , Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Büse in Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 359 (1854).
Andropogon brevifolius Sw. (1788).
Throughout the tropics. Oman.
Sehima ischaemoides Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 178 (1775). –Type. Yemen, Forsskål (whereabouts unknown).
Andropogon sehima Steud. (1854), nom. superfl., based on S. ischaemoides Forssk.
Tropical Africa eastwards to Pakistan. Oman, Yemen.
Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 489 (1817).
India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka; introduced in East Africa. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 891 (1817).
Panicum pumilum Poir. (1816).
Tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 51, 178 (1812).
Panicum verticillatum L. (1762); P. adhaerens Forssk. (1775, p. 20). –Type. Yemen, Forsskal (LD); S. verticilliformis Dumort., (1827); Ghazanfar, Annot. Cat. Vasc. Pl. Oman: 138 (1992); S. adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov. (1919); Setaria viridis auct. non (L.) P.Beauv.; Balfour (1888, p. 312).
Tropical and warm temperate regions throughout the world. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 51, 171, 178 (1812).
Panicum viride L. (1759).
Old World temperate regions; introduced into the New World. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Methodus: 207 (1794).
Holcus bicolor L. (1771).
Culivated throughout the tropics, particularly Old World (sorghum, Guinea corn). Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Sorghum deccanense Stapf ex Bor, Grasses Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pak.: 245 (1960).
S. versicolor auct. non Andersson.
India to Southeast Asia. Oman.
Sorghum ×drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 3: 21 (1903).
Andropogon ×drummondii Nees ex Steud. (1854).
Cultivated in the Old World tropics and can occur spontaneously wherever the parents grow together. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 101 (1805).
Holcus halepensis L. (1753).
Mediterranean region eastwards to Pakistan and Kashmir (probably not native in India); culitvated for fodder (Johnson grass) in most warm countries, especially in North America. Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Sporobolus airiformis Chiov., Miss. Biol. Borana, Racc. Bot. Angiosp.-Gymnosp.: 277 (1939).
Ethiopia, Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Sporobolus angustifolius A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 396 (1850).
Tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sporobolus consimilis Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 140 (1837).
Tropical Africa southwards to South Africa and Namibia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sporobolus coromandelianus (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 68 (1829).
Agrostis coromandeliana Retz. (1786).
Old World tropics, but mainly India and southern Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 26, 147, 178 (1812).
Agrostis diandra Retz. (1789).
India and Myanmar to Sri Lanka and Australia. Oman, Soqotra.
Sporobolus gloeoclados Cope, Kew Bull. 47: 656 (1992). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, Jebal Qara, Vesey-FitzGerald 1246/22 (K, holo.; BM, iso.).
Pakistan and China (unconfirmed). Oman, Yemen.
Sporobolus ioclados (Nees ex Trin.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 161 (1841).
Vilfa ioclados Nees ex Trin. (1840); Sporobolus marginatus Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1850); S. arabicus Boiss. (1853). –Type. Oman, Aucher-Eloy 5425 (whereabouts uncertain); S. jemenicus Pilg. ex Schwartz (1939). –Type. Yemen, Rathjens 440, 732 (whereabouts uncertain).
Tropical Africa to India and Sri Lanka. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Soqotra, Yemen.
Sporobolus minimus Cope, Kew Bull. 47: 657 (1992). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Arzat, near Salalah, Oct. 1984, McLeish 145 (holo., E).
Somalia. Oman.
Sporobolus nervosus Hochst. in Flora 38: 202 (1855).
Tropical Africa and Namibia eastwards to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sporobolus pellucidus Hochst., Flora 38: 201 (1855).
Tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 36, t. 80 (1816).
Agrostis indica Forssk. (1775), non L. (1753). –Type. Yemen, Forsskål 79 (holo., C); Sporobolus capensis auct. non (P.Beauv.) Kunth.
Tropical Africa to South Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius; probably introduced in South America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sporobolus ruspolianus Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 5: 64 (1906).
Somalia and Ethiopia. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Sporobolus spicatus (Vahl) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67 (1829).
Agrostis spicata Vahl (1790); A. virginica Forssk. (1775), non L. (1753).
Africa to India. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Sporobolus tenuissimus (Mart. ex Schrank) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 396 (1893).
Panicum tenuissimum Mart. ex Schrank (1822).
Tropical Africa, tropical Asia eastwards to Myanmar and tropical America. Oman.
Sporobolus tourneuxii Coss., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 250 (1889).
North Africa to northwest India. Oman, Yemen.
Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67 (1829).
Agrostis virginica L. (1753).
Tropics and subtropics of the world. Oman, Yemen.
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze, a cultivated lawn grass (Augustine grass) is reported from, Saudi Arabia and UAE, where it has been grown as a lawn grass but escaped. It is not reported from Oman, but is expected to be found there as an escape.
Stipa mandavillei Freitag in Kit Tan (ed.), Davis & Hedge Festschrift: 118 (1989). ‒Type. Oman, Jebal Akhdar, Birkat Sharif, Mandaville 6525 (BM, holo.).
Endemic. Oman.
Stipagrostis acutiflora (Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 133 (1963).
Aristida acutiflora Trin. & Rupr. (1842).
North Africa. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 133 (1963).
Aristida ciliata Desf. (1809).
Macaronesia and North Africa to Southwest Asia. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Stipagrostis dhofariensis Cope, Kew Bull. 47: 660 (1992). ‒Type. Oman, Kuria Muria Islands [Halaniyah Islands], Miller 2757 (holo. E; iso. K, ON).
S. lanata auct. non (Forssk.) De Winter.
Endemic. Oman (Masirah Island to Sahil al Jazir, and coast of Halaniyat Islands).
Stipagrostis hirtigluma (Steud. ex Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 136 (1963).
Aristida hirtigluma Steud. ex Trin. & Rupr. (1842).
Tropical and southern Africa to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Hybridizes with Stipagrostis uniplumis; the hybrids are intermediate in callus indumentum and are male-sterile
Stipagrostis masirahensis H.Scholz, Willdenowia 13: 389 (1983). ‒Type. Oman, Masirah Island, Weisgerber s.n. (holo. B; iso. ON).
Endemic. Oman.
Stipagrostis multinerva H.Scholz, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 117: 289 (1969). ‒Type. Yemen, Philby 22 (BM, holo.).
S. shawii auct. non (H.Scholz) H.Scholz.
Egypt (Sinai) and Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Stipagrostis paradisea (Edgew.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135 (1963).
Aristida paradisea Edgew. (1847). ‒Type. Yemen, Edgeworth (K); Arthratherum caloptilum Jaub. & Spach (1851). ‒Type. Yemen, Botta (P).
Somalia and southwest Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T.Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 1): 40 (1860).
Aristida plumosa L. (1763).
Mediterranean region to south¬west Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Stipagrostis raddiana (Savi) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135 (1963).
Aristida raddiana Savi (1837).
North Africa and Southwest Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Stipagrostis sokotrana (Vierh.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 136 (1963).
Aristida sokotrana Vierh. (1907). ‒Type. Socotra, Paulay (W, holo.).
Arabian Peninsula. Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Stipagrostis uniplumis (Licht.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 136 (1963).
Aristida uniplumis Licht. (1817).
Tropical and southern Africa to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Stipagrostis xylosa Cope, Kew Bull. 47: 660 (1992).
Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiov. in Pirotta, Fl. Eritrea: 28, t. 1 (1903).
Eastern tropical Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Tetrapogon tenellus (K.D. Koenig ex Roxb.) Chiov. in Pirotta, Fl. Eritrea: 352 (1908).
Chloris tenella K.D. Koenig ex Roxb. (1820); C. macrantha Jaub. & Spach (1851), non Desv. (1831). –Type. Yemen, Botta (P).
Tropical Africa and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Tetrapogon villosus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 389, t. 255 (1799).
Macaronesia through north and north¬east Africa to India. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794 (1891).
Anthistiria ciliata L. (1782); Themeda triandra auct. non Forssk.
India, Nepal and Myanmar. Oman, Soqotra.
Tragus berteronianus Schult., Mant. 2: 205 (1824).
T. alienus var. brevispinus Henrard (1921). –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 793 (K, syn.), Kruyt 31 (whereabouts uncertain).
Africa, southwest Asia, China, America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Tragus racemosus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 241 (1785).
Cenchrus racemosus L. (1753); Tragus brevicaulis Boiss. (1853); –Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 792 (K, syn.), and others from Iran and Sudan.
Southern Europe, temperate Asia and northern tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Tricholaena teneriffae (L.f.) Link, Handbuch [Link] 1: 91 (1829)
Saccharum teneriffae L.f., (1782); Trichlolaena mascatensis Gand. –Type. Oman, Aucher-Eloy 5447 (K, P, syn).
Eastern tropical Africa northwards to the Mediterranean region, westwards to Macaronesia and eastwards to India. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Trichoneura mollis (Kunth) Ekman, Ark. Bot. 11(9): 10 (1912).
Leptochloa mollis Kunth (1831); Uralepis arenaria Steud. (1854). ‒Type. Saudi Arabia, Schimper 808 (P, K, syn.).
Senegal and Mauritania, eastwards to the Red Sea coast, and Somalia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra.
Tripogon africanus (Coss. & Durieu) H.Scholz, Willdenowia 14: 376 (1984).
Kralikia africana Coss. & Durieu (1867).
North Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Tripogon capillatus Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 47, t. 332 (1851).
India. Oman.
Tripogon leptophyllus (A. Rich.) Cufod., Enum. Pl. Aethiop.: 1269 (1968).
Danthonia leptophylla A.Rich. (1850).
Sudan and Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Tripogon multiflorus Miré & H. Gillet, J. Agric. trop. Bot. Appl. 3: 737 (1956).
Saharan mountains and eastern tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Tripogon purpurascens Duthie, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 9: 74, t. 92 (1901).
Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwest India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Tripogon subtilissimus Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 5: 66 (1906).
Eastern tropical Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Triraphis pumilio R.Br., Denh. & Clapp. Trav. App. 245.
Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Triticum aestivum L., the bread wheat, is cultivated almost throughout the world up to latitude 69.5°N. Cultivated in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Triticum durum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 114 (1798).
Mediterranean region southwards to Ethiopia, and eastwards to Pakistan. Cultivated in Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Urochloa deflexa (Schumach.) H.Scholz, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia Ser 4, 11(4): 443 (1990).
Panicum deflexum Schumach. (1827); Brachiaria deflexa (Schumach.) C.E.Hubb. ex Robyns (1932).
Tropical and southern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Urochloa lata (Schumach.) C.E.Hubb. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1934(3): 112 (1934).
Panicum latum Schumach. (1827); Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E.Hubb. (1938).
Western tropical Africa eastwards to Ethiopia, Arabian Peninsula, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Urochloa leersioides (Hochst) Torres Gonz. & C.M.Morton, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 37(1): 42 (2005).
Panicum leersioides Hochst. (1855); Brachiaria leersioides (Hochst.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Prain] 9: 551 (1919).
Tropical Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 53, t. 11/1 (1812).
Eastern tropical Africa southwards to South Africa. Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan to China; introduced in Aus¬tralia, S Ameriaca. Oman, Yemen.
Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q.Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966, 13 (1966).
Panicum ramosum L. (1767); Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf (1919).
Tropical Africa southwards to South Africa; tropical Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C.E. Hubb. in Hook, Icon. Pl. 35: t. 3457 (1947).
Vilfa setulosa Trin. (1840). –Type. Arabia, Ehrenberg & Hemprich (whereabouts uncertain); Agrostis elatior Ehrenb. & Hempr. ex Trin. (1840), in syn.–Type as for V. setulosa; Heleo¬chloa dura (Boiss.) Boiss., (1884).
Coastal regions of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea from Northeast Africa to Northwest India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Zea mays L., Sp. Pl. 2: 971 (1753).
Originally from South America, cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics, and in warm temperate zones. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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POLYGALACEAE
Polygala abyssinica R.Br. ex Fresen., Museum Senckenbergianum 2: 273 (1837).E and NE Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Polygala dhofarica Baker, Kew Bull. 1895: 181 (1895). – Type: Oman, Dhofar mts., 300 ft., Bent 186 (K, holo.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Polygala dispar Ghaz., Edinb. J. Bot. 51(1): 59–63 (1994). –Type: N Oman, Ruwi hills, 200 m, 27 March 1992, S.A. Ghazanfar 1828 (ON, holo., SQUH, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Polygala erioptera DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 326 (1824).
Polygala paniculata Forssk. (1775), nom. nud., non L. (1795); P. schimperi Hassk.
(1864).
Distributed in tropical Asia, Africa, Arabia. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Polygala irregularis Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. Sér. 1, 1: 8 (1843)
Polygala arabica Boiss. (1843). P. irregularis var. arabica Boiss.(1867); P. irregularis
var. cordofana Chodat (1893).
NW and NE Africa, Arabia, Iran to India. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen (expected to occur in the UAE).
Polygala mascatensis Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 470 (1867). –Type: Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 4201 (K, P, W, syn.).
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Polygala senensis Klotzsch, Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot., 1): 113 (1861) var. senensis
Polygala obtusissima Hochst. ex Chodat (1893).
Tropical E and NE Africa. Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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POLYGONACEAE
Calligonum comosum L’Her., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1: 80 (1791).C. polygonoides L. subsp. comosum (L ’Herit) Soskov (1975).
N Africa, and from Egypt eastwards to Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Calligonum crinitum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 2, 3 (4): 77 (1859) subsp. arabicum (Soskov) Soskov, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 12: 152 (1973).
C. arabicum Soskov (1973).
Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Calligonum tetrapterum Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 5(47): 80, t. 471 (1855).
Turkey, Iraq, Iran to C Asia (Turkmenistan, Uzbetistan). Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Emex spinosa (L.) Campd., Monogr. Rumex 58, t. 1, f. 1 (1819).
Rumex spinosus L. (1753).
Egypt east to SW Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez, Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278 1896.
Polygonum glabrum Willd. (1799).
Tropical Africa, Asia and America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Pteropyrum scoparium Jaub. & Spach, Illustr. Pl. Orient. 2(11): 10, t. 109 (1844). –Type: [Oman], Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 5720 (BM, K, syn.).
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Rheum cf. palaestinum Feinbrun, Palestine J. Bot. Jerusalem Ser 3: 117 (1944).
Eastern central Oman, in sand and gravel desert, amongst stones; alt. ?500 m; fl. ?Mar., Apr. Recorded by Oman Botanic Garden.
Iraq, Palestine, Saudi Arabia.
Rumex conglomeratus Murray., Prodr. Fl. Gotting. 52: (1770).
Widespread in the temperate regions of the world. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Rumex dentatus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 226 (1771).
Widespread in Europe and Asia as a weed of irrigated and cultivated ground. Native from Tunisia to India. Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Rumex limoniastrum Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 2(11): 6, t. 106 (1844). –Type: Oman, Aucher-Éloy 5280 (BM, P, syn.).
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Rumex vesicarius L., Sp. Pl.: 336 (1753).
Egypt east to SW Asia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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PONTEDERIACEAE
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Monogr. Phan. 4: 527 (1883).Pontederia crassipes Mart. (1824).
Native of Brazil, introduced and naturalised in many tropical countries. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
PORTULACACEAE
Portulaca dhofarica M.G.Gilbert, Kew Bull. 55: 788 (2000). –Type. Oman, Dhofar, north of Jebel Qamar, 28 Aug. 1982, R.M. Lawton 2390 (K, holo., ON, iso.).Oman. Endemic.
Portulaca oleracea L., Sp. Pl.: 445 (1753).
Widespread in the tropics and subtropics. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Portulaca quadrifida L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 328 & Mant. 73 (1767).
Tropical Africa and Asia. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton nodosus Poir., Encycl. [Lamarck & al.]. Suppl. iv: 535 (1816).
Africa, Asia, N & E America, temperate Europe. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Potamogeton pectinatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 127 (1753).
Cosmopolitan., Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Zannichellia palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 969 (1753).
Cosmopolitan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
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PHYLLANTHACEAE
Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 9: 328 (1836); Voight, Hort. Suburb. Calcut. 152 (1845).Phyllanthus virosa Roxb. ex Willd. (1809).
Old World tropics. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra Yemen.
Meineckia phyllanthoides Baill., Étude Euphorb. 587 (1858). subsp. phyllanthoides
Securinega phyllanthoides (Baill.) Muell. Arg., (1866).
NE Africa to SW Arabia. Oman, Yemen.
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 421 (1827).
P. niruri L. var. amarus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Leandri (1958).
Tropical America, Mexico and Florida; introduced elsewhere. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster, Contr. Gray Herb. 176: 53 (1955).
Pakistan to NW India; naturalized in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 982 (1753).
Tropical Africa eastwards to India, Sri Lanka, China and N Australia. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Phyllanthus rotundifolius J.G.Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(1): 584 (1805).
Cape Verde Islands, and from tropical Africa eastwards to India, Sri Lanka. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
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PRIMULACEAE
Dionysia mira Wendelbo, Bot. Not. 112: 500 (1959). –Type: Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 5236 (G, K, P, syn.). Primula aucheri Jaub. & Spach. (1842).Endemic. Oman.
Lysimachia arvensis var. caerulea (L.) Turland & Bergmeier, Willdenowia 41(1): 185 (2011).
Anagallis latifolia L. (1753); Anagallis arvensis L. var. caerula (L.) Gouan
Cosmopolitan in the temperate regions. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Lysimachia ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) U.Manns & Anderb., Willdenowia 39(1): 52 (2009).
Anagallis pumila Sw. (1783).
Egypt. Oman.
Samolus valerandi L., Sp. Pl.: 171)-172) (1753).
Mediterranean region, Balkans, Turkey, Pakistan to China. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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RANUNCULACEAE
Clematis orientalis L., Sp. Pl.: 543 (1753).SE Europe, SW Asia, NW India and C Asia. Oman.
Delphinium ajacis L., Sp. Pl.: 531 (1753).
S Europe to W Himalaya and Central Asia. Saudi Arabia, Oman.
Ranunculus arvensis L., Sp. Pl.: 555 (1753).
Europe to Central Asia and Himalaya, N. Africa. Oman.
Ranunculus muricatus L., Sp. Pl.: 555 (1753).
S Europe, SW Asia, N Africa. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
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RESEDACEAE
Ochradenus arabicus Chaudhary, Hillc, & A.G.Mill., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 494 (1984).Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Ochradenus aucheri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 2, 1: 50 (1854).
Homalodiscus aucheri (Boiss.) Boiss. (1867).
A regional endemic found in Oman, UAE.
Ochradenus baccatus Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 236, t. 31 (1813).
O. baccatus var. rigidus Ghahr. & Mozaff. (2000) nom. inval.
SW Pakistan, Iran, Jordan, Ethiopia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Ochradenus gifrii Thulin, Nordic J. Bot. 14(4): 383 (1994).
A regional endemic, occurring in Dhofar Oman and eastern Yemen.
Ochradenus harsusiticus A.G.Mill., Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 497 (1984). – Type. Oman, Bwai, J.R. Mconochie 3430 (E, holo.; ON, iso.)
Endemic.
Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl. ex Hornem.) J.F.Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 13 (1918).
Reseda linifolia Vahl. ex Hornem. (1815); Oligomerus subulata Delile (1854).
N Africa east to India, westward to Spain, Canary Islands, SW USA. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Reseda aucheri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 1: 5 (1843) var. bracteata (Boiss.) Abdallah & de Wit, Meded. Landbouwhoogeschool Wageningen 78(14): 167 (1978).
Reseda bracteata Boiss. (1845).
Syria, Palestine, Iran to C Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Reseda muricata C. Presl., Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 5, 3: 438 (1845).
Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Iraq. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Reseda sphenocleoides Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 298 (1895).
Endemic to SW Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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RHAMNACEAE
Rhamnus staddo A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 138 (1847).Eritrea to Zimbabwe, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C.Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 49: 378 (1968).
Rhamnus thea Osbeck (1757); Rhamnus theezans L. (1771); Sageretia theezans (L.) Brongn. (1826); Sageretia spinosa Wettst. (1890); Sageretia brandrethiana Aitch. (1865); Rhamnus spiciflora A.Rich.
(1847); Sageretia spiciflora (A.Rich.) Hutchinson & E.A.Bruce (1941).
NE Africa, Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, SW Pakistan and China through to Japan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Ziziphus hajarensis Duling, Ghaz. & Prendergast, Kew Bull. 53(3): 733 (1998). –Type: Oman, Eastern Hajar Mountains, Jebel Bani Jabir, 1400 m, 28March 1996, D.W. Duling 85 (K, holo.; OM, RNG, SQU-H, iso.).
Endemic to Oman.
Ziziphus leucodermis (Baker) O.Schwartz, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 152 (1939).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn., Cat. Ind. Pl. 31 (1833).
Rhamnus nummularia Burm.f. (1768).
NE Africa to India. Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia.
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(2): 1105 (1798).
Rhamnus spina-cristi L. (1753); Ziziphus africana P. Mill. (1768); Rhamnus nabeca Forssk. (1775); Ziziphus nabeca (Forssk.) Lam. (1789); Z. spina-christi (L.) Desf. var. inermis DC. (1825); Z. spina-christi (L.) Desf. var. longipes Engl. (1921); Z. spina-christi (L.) Desf. var. mitissima Chiov. (1932).
Africa westwards to NW India. Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE,
Yemen.
ROSACEAE
Cotoneaster nummularius Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum [St. Petersberg (Petropolitanus) 2: 34 (1893).Morocco, Eritrea, Arabian Peninsula to Turkey, Caucasia, Iran, Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Prunus arabica (Oliver) Meikle, Kew Bull. 19(2): 229 (1965).
Amygdalus arabica Oliver (1804).
Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, N Iraq, N Iran, Turkey. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
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RUBIACEAE
Callipeltis cucullaris (L.) DC., Prodr [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 613 (1830) as “cucullaria”.C. cucullaria (L.) Steven (1829) nom. inval.; Valantia cucullaris L. (1755). Callipeltis cucullaris (L.) Rothm. (1941); C. cucullaris (L.) Rothm. forma aperta (Boiss. et Buhse) Ehrend. (1958).
N Africa, Sinai and southern Arabia to Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, and from Spain, Turkey to Central Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Coptosperma graveolens (S.Moore) Degreef subsp. arabicum (Cufod.) Degreef, Syst. & Geogr. Pl. 71(2): 375 (2002).
N Somalia, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Galium aparine L., Sp. Pl. 1: 108 (1753).
Europe, N, W & E Asia, N America; introduced in many parts of the world. Oman, UAE, Yemen.
Galium ceratopodum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 3: 45 (1843).
Egypt through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan to C Asia. Oman, UAE.
Galium decaisnei Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 6: 69 (1846). –Type: Iran, “hab. in Persia australis prope Gere”, Kotschy 66; in regno Mascatensi, Aucher-Éloy 4660; in monte Sinai, Bové (G, P, K, syn.).
Galium setaceum Lamk. subsp. decaisnei (Boiss.) Ehrend. (1958).
SE Mediterranean, through SW Asia to C Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE.
Kohautia caespitosa Schnitzl., Flora 25 (1, Beibl.) 145 (1842) (incl. var. schimperi (Presl) Bremek.).
Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Oldenlandia retrorsa Boiss. (1875).
Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 119 (1753) var. corymbosa
Oldenlandia biflora Lam. (1786) (non L. 1753); Hedyotis biflora (Lam.) Roth. (1821).
Tropical Africa through Arabia to tropical Asia; introduced to tropical America, Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
- var. caespitosa (Benth.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 30: 298 (1975).
Pavetta longiflora Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 4: 12 (1794). – Type: Yemen, Taiz, Forsskål 1559 (C, holo.).
Pavetta arabica Bremek. (1934); P. deflersii Bremek. (1934).
Endemic to Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 231 (1875).
Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Plocama aucheri (Guill.) M.Backlund & Thulin, Taxon 56(2): 323 (2007).
Jaubertia aucheri Guill. (1841). –Type: Oman, Mascat & Iran, province Laristan, Aucher-Éloy 4680 (P, W, syn.). Gaillonia aucheri (Guill.) Jaub. & Spach (1843); Neogaillonia aucheri (Guill.) Puff (1982).
Sinai, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Oman, UAE.
Plocama calycoptera (Decne.) M.Backlund & Thulin, Taxon 56(2): 323 (2007).
Spermacoce calycoptera Decne. (1834) as “calyptera”. Gaillonia calycoptera (Decne.) Jaub. & Spach (1843); Pterogaillonia calycoptera (Decne.) Lincz. (1973); Jaubertia calyoptera (Decne.) Tackh. & Boulos (1974); Neogaillonia calycoptera (Decne.) Puff (1982).
Egypt, Arabian Peninsula, Sudan, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, through to Iran and Pakistan. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Plocama hymenostephana (Jaub. & Stapf) M.Backlund & Thulin, Taxon 56(2): 324 (2007).
Gaillonia hymenostephana Jaub. & Spach (1843). Pseudogaillonia hymenostephana (Jaub. & Spach) Lincz.; Neogaillonia hymenostephana (Jaub. & Spach) Puff (1982).
Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Oman, UAE.
Plocama yemenensis (Thulin) M.Backlund & Thulin, Taxon 56(2): 325 (2007).
Gaillonia yemenensis Thulin (1998). –Type: Yemen, Hodeida Region, Thulin, Ghebrehiwet & A. Gifri 9365 (UPS, holo.; E, K, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Pyrostria phyllanthoidea (Baill.) Bridson, Kew Bull. 42(3): 629 (1987).
Eritrea to Tanzania, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Rubia infundibularis Hemsl. & Lace, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 324 (1891).
Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, W Himalaya. Oman.
Valantia hispida L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1307 (1759).
Ethiopia, Somalia through Arabia to Iraq and Iran; Turkey, the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, ?Yemen.
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RUPPIACEAE
Ruppia maritima' L. Sp. Pl.: 127 (1753).Salt marshes throughout the warm tropical and temperate regions. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
RUTACEAE
Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 12: 528, plate 17 (t. 4), fig. 10 (1825)“Aplophyllum”); Boiss., (1867); Ruta tuberculata Forssk. (1775).
N and E Africa to the Middle East and eastward to Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Ruta chalepensis L., Mant. Pl. 69 (1767).
Mediterranean region to Pakistan, Somalia, Ethiopia; introduced and cultivated in the Arabian Peninsula, S America. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Thamnosma hirschii Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895(108): 315 (1895).
Rutosma hirschii Schweinf. (1847).
Somalia to Southern Arabia. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Several species of Citrus (lime, orange, sweet lime) are cultivated in Oman.
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SALVADORACEAE
Azima tetracantha Lam., Encycl. [J. Lamarck 7 al.] 1(1): 343 (1783).Tropical and S Africa, India, SE Asia. Oman.
Salvadora persica L., Sp. Pl.: 122 (1753).
Southern Africa, through the Middle East and India to China. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
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SALICACEAE
Salix acmophylla Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 7: 98 (1846).Salix persica Boiss. (1846).
Turkey to India. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
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SANTALACEAE
Osyris sp. A.Southern Oman, Dhofar, in the drier areas; alt. ?± 1500 m; fl. ?Sep.-Oct.
A single collection of this species from Oman from the border area between Oman and Yemen; it is also recorded from the Hauf region in eastern Yemen. The Yemen plants belong to O. lanceolata Hochst. & Steud. in DC., but this species is distinct in being a small shrub with smaller leaves and is densely puberulous.
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SAPINDACEAE
Allophylus rubifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl., Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 292 (1892).Schmidelia rubifolia Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1847).
Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra Yemen.
Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Sp. Pl.: 266 (1753)
var. halicacabum
Pantropical. Oman, Saudi Arabia, ?UAE, ?Yemen.
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 19 (1769).
Ptelea viscosa L. (1753).
D. angustifolia L.f. (1782); D. viscosa var. angustifolia (L. F.) Benth. (1863); D. viscosa
subsp. angustifolia (L. F.) J.G. West (1984).
Pantropical. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. 53 (1834).
Southern and eastern Africa. Oman, S Yemen (Hadhramout).
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SAPOTACEAE
Sideroxylon mascatensis (A.DC.) T.D.Penn. in G.E. Wickens, J.R. Goodin and D.V. Field (eds), Plants for Arid Lands, 273 (1985) as “mascatense”; Penn., The genera of Sapotaceae, 174 (1991). – Type. Mascat, Aucher-Éloy 4916 (G lecto.; K, isolecto.).Edgeworthia buxifolia Falc. (1842); Monotheca mascatensis A. DC. (1844). Type as for Sideroxylon mascatensis; Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A.DC. (1846); Sideroxylon buxifolium Hutch. (1931); Reptonia mascatensis (A.DC.) Radlk. ex O.Schwartz (1939); Sideroxylon buxifolium, non Hutch. (1931).
SW Pakistan, Afghanistan, southern Iran, Arabia to NE Africa (N Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti). Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
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SCROPHULARIACEAE
Anticharis arabica Endl., Nov. Strip. Dec.: 23 (1839). –Type: Yemen, Mts Sidr & Kasr, Geddae, Fischer 17 & Ferihe, Schimper 748 (M, syn.).W, N & NE Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra UAE, Yemen.
Anticharis glandulosa Asch., Monatsb. Acad. Berl.: 880 (1866).
Northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India. Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Camptoloma lyperiiflorum (Vatke) Hilliard, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(3): 341 (1991).
Urbania lyperiiflorum Vatke (1875) as “lyperiaeflora”; Camptoloma villosa Balf.f. (1884).
Somalia. Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Scrophularia arguta [Soland], Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 2: 342 (1789)
North and North East Africa, Macaronesia, S Spain, Madagascar. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Scrophularia deserti Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 240, t. 33, f.1 (1813).
Egypt, Arabian Peninsula to Paksitan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Verbascum sinaiticum Benth., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 236 (1846).
Verbascum cedreti Boiss. (1853).
Somalia, westwards through Arabia to Iraq and northwards to Pakista. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Verbascum omanense Hub.-Mor., Candollea 39(1): 320 (1984). –Type: Northern Oman, Batinah, Hibra, 160 m, 2 Mar. 1980, Edmondson 3203 (E, holo.; E, ON, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
Verbascum akdarense (Murb.) Hub.-Mor., Bauhinia 5(1): 10 (1973).
Celsia akdarensis Murb. (1925).
Regional endemic. Oman, UAE.
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SOLANACEAE
Datura metel L., Sp. Pl. 1: 179 (1753).Datura fastuosa L. (1759).
Native from Texas to Colombia, introduced into tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Datura innoxia Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Datura no. 5 (1768).
Arizona to Texas, Mexico, introduced into S America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Hyoscyamus muticus L., Mant. Pl. 45 (1767).
Scopolia mutica (L.) Dunal in DC. (1852). –Type from Egypt and Arabia, plant grown in the Uppsala Botanical Garden from seed sent by Forsskål. Hyoscyamus datora Forssk. (1775); H. insanus Stocks (1852).
N Africa through Arabia to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan to Pakistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Hyoscyamus A.G.Mill. & Biagi, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(1): 70 (1988). –Type. Oman, Sahel al Jazir, Rima to Ras Madraka road, Khor Dirrif, 1 Oct. 1984, Miller 6509 (E, holo.; K, ON, UPS, iso.).
Endemic. Oman.
Hyoscyamus flaccidus C.H.Wright, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895 (104): 184 (1895). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Gergio, 450 m, 1894, T.J. Bent 168 (K, holo.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen (S).
Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 693 (1819).
Lycium persicum Miers (1854). –Type: Yemen, Aden, 1837, collector unknown, s.n. (K, syn.); L. arabicum Schweinf. ex Boiss. (1879).
N & E Africa, through eastern Africa to South Africa and Swaziland, Mediterranean Europe, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Arabia, Pakistan and western India. Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 237 (1791).
Atropa physalodes L. (1753).
Native of Peru, widely naturalised in tropical America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Naturalized in Oman.
Physalis angulata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 183 (1753).
Physalis minima auctt. non Linn. (1753), Ghazanfar (1994).
Native of South America, now found in North Africa, through Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India to China and Nepal. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Solanum coagulans Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 47 (1775). –Type: Yemen, Wadi Mawr, Forsskål 409, 410 (C, syn.).
Solanum dubium Fresen. (1833).
E Africa, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Solanum cordatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 47 (1775). –Type: Yemen, Forsskål s.n. (not found), Yemen (N), by a water course in Naqil Khailan between Beni Harath and Nehm, northeast of Sana’a, 12 May 1978, J.R.I.Wood 2327 (K, neo.).
Ethiopia, Somalia, Pakistan, India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Solanum incanum L., Sp. Pl.: 188 (1753).
Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Solanum nigrum L., Sp. Pl.: 186 (1753) subsp. nigrum
Possibly native to Eurasia, now widespread in most parts of the world except the polar regions. Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Solanum villosum Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. no. 2 (1768); Lam. Illustr. 2: 18.
Solanum humile Bernh. ex Willd. (1809); S. miniatum Bernh. ex Willd. (1809); S. nigrum var. humile (Bernh. ex Willd.) C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang (1978); S. villosum subsp. miniatum (Bernh. ex Wild.) J.M.Edmonds (1984).
Europe, SW Asia to S Asia, China, India and Nepal. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Solanum virginianum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 187 (1753).
Solanum surattense Burm.f. (1768); S. xanthocarpum Schrad. (1795).
Africa, S and SE Asia, Australia, Polynesia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Withania quaritica A.G.Mill. & Biagi, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(1): 68 (1988). –Type: Oman, Dhofar, cliff tops of Ras Hamar, 80 m, 8 Sept. 1985, Miller 7528 (E, holo.; K, ON, UPS, iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman,Yemen.
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13, 1: 453 (1852).
Physalis somnifera L. (1753) ; Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal var. communis (Nees) Dunal (1852). –Type: Yemen, Schimper 4 April 1836 (P, syn.).
SW Asia, Europe, Canary Islands, Mediterranean region, and Africa. Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen
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TALINACEAE
Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4, App. 2: 172 (1896).Orygra portulacifolia Forssk. (1775).
Africa, India, Assam, Bangladesh. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
TAMARICACEAE
Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karsten, Deut. Fl. (Karsten) 641 (1882).Thuja aphylla L. (1755) p.p.; Tamarix orientalis Forssk. (1775); T. articulata Vahl (1791), nom. illegit.
Mediterranean region to southern Africa, Arabia, Iran Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan. Introduced into the New World. Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Tamarix arabica Bunge, Tent. Gen. Tamar. 55 (1852).
Egypt, NE Africa, Palestine, Jordan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, ?UAE.
Tamarix aucheriana (Decne.) B.R.Baum, Monogr. Rev. Tamarix: 129 (1966).
Trichaurus aucherianus Decne. ex Walpers (1843); Tamarix passerinoides Boiss. (1867), non Del. ex Desv.
Iraq, Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Tamarix mascatensis Bunge, Tent. Gen. Tamar. 60 (1852). –Type: [Oman], Mascate, Aucher-Éloy 4912 (W, holo.; BM, FI, G, P, iso.).
Somalia, Ethiopia, Iran, Pakistan and the Caucasus. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Tamarix stricta Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. sér. 2, 2: 57 (1856).
SW Pakistan, S Iran. Oman.
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THYMELAEACEAE
Daphne mucronata Royle, Illlustr. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 232, t. 81, f. 2 (1836).D. angustifolia C.Koch. (1849); D. acuminata Stocks (1852) & Boiss. (1879).
Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Turkey,Transcaucasia, and from Iraq to NW India. Oman, Saudi Arabia.
Lasiosiphon somalensis (Franch.) H.Pearson, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1.2): 229 (1910).
Arthrosolen spherocephalus Franch. (1882); Gnidia somalensis (Franch.) Gilg. (1896).
NE Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia), SW Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Thymelaea mesopotamica (C.Jeffrey) B.Peterson, Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 95: 8 (1972).
Ligia mesopotamica C.Jeffrey (1969).
Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, Iraq, Iran. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia. Expected to be present in the mountains in the UAE.
TYPHACEAE
Typha domingensis Pers., Syn. 2: 532 (1807).Typha australis Schum. & Thonn. (1827); T. angustata Bory et Chaub. (1833); Typha angustifolia (non L.) Rech.f. (1964); T. grossheimii Pobed. (1949).
Africa and SE Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt eastwards to Arabia, Iraq, Iran and China. Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
URTICACEAE
Forsskaolea tenacissima L., Opobalsamum 18 (1764).Caidbeja adhaerens Forssk. (1775).
SW Europe, SW Asia, N and NE Africa. Kuwait, Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Forsskaolea viridis Ehren. ex Webb., Niger. Fl. [W. J. Hooker] 179 (1849).
Tropical and NE Africa, Cape Verde Islands. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 200 (1965).
World tropics. Oman, Yemen.
Parietaria alsinefolia Delile, Descr. Egypte Hist. Nat.: 137, 281 (1813)
N Africa, SW Pakistan, Afghanistan, SW Russia. Oman, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Pilea tetraphylla (Steud.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 1(1–8): 50 (1856).
Urtica tetraphylla Steud. (1850); Pilea quadrifolia A. Rich. (1850).
Tropical Africa and Madagascar. Oman.
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VERBENACEAE
Chascanum sessilifolium (Vatke) Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 18 (1933).Bouchea sessilifolium Vatke (1882).
N Somalia, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Lantana petitiana A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 169 (1847).
E Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Lantana viburnoides (Forssk.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 1: 45 (1790).
Charachera viburnoides Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Jebel Barad, Forsskål 323, 1086, 1087 (C, syn.).
Northeast and tropical Africa, and other warm temperate and subtropical regions. Oman,Yemen.
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4(20): 46 (1899).
Verbena nodiflorum L. (1753).
Tropicas and Subtropics. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Priva adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1923: 115 (1923).
Ruellia adhaerens Forssk. (1775). –Type: Yemen, Al Hadiyah, Forsskål 1814 (C, holo.); Verbena forskalaei Vahl (1794). –Type as above; Priva cordifolia (L.f.) Druce (1917).
N & E Africa. Oman, Yemen.
Verbena officinalis L., Sp. PL. 1: 20 (–21) (1753).
Old World. Escape from cultivation. Oman.
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VIOLACEAE
Hybanthus durus (Baker) O.Schwartz, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 170 (1939).Somalia and E Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Viola cinerea Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1: 7 (1843).
SW Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen (var. stocksii).
var. cinerea. – Type: Hab. in monte Djebel Akhdar regni Mascatensis, Aucher-Éloy 4199 (G, K, syn.). Oman, UAE.
var. stocksii (Boiss.)W.Becker in Beih. Bot. Zentrabl. 36: 37 (1918).
Viola stocksii Boiss. (1867); V. somalensis Engl (1892).
Oman, UAE, Yemen.
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VITACEAE
Cissus quadrangularis L., Mant. Pl. 39 (1767).Tropical Africa, southern Arabia, India, Sri Lanka, Myanamar, extending to the Philippines. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cissus rotundifolia Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 331 (1792).
Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 3: 19 (1794). isonym
Saelanthus rotundifolius Forssk. (1775). –Type. Yemen (Surdud), Forsskål (C).
Somalia east to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, East Africa south to South Africa. Oman,
Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Cyphostemma ternatum (J.F.Gmel.) Desc. Naturalia MOnspel., Sér. Bot. 18: 229 (1967).
Cyphostemma ternatum (Forssk.)Desc., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 16: 125 (1960), nom inval.; Saelanthus ternatus Forssk. (1775); Vitis apodophylla Baker (1894); Cissus somaliensis Gilg (1905, in part); Cissus bryophyllum Mattei (1908).
NE Africa to southern Arabia. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
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ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Descr. Egypte Hist. Nat.: 221, t. 28, f. 1 (1813).Ximenia aegyptiaca L. (1753).
Africa, Jordan to Syria, Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Yemen.
Kelleronia gillettae Baker f., J. Bot. 36: 6 (1898) as “gillettii”.
Tribulus gillettiae (Baker f.) Chiov. (1929).
Ethiopia, Somalia. Oman, Yemen.
Melocarpum robecchii (Engl.) Beier & Thulin, Pl. Sysyt. Evol. 240: 37 (2003).
Zygophyllum robecchii Engl., Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 14 (1897).
Somalia and Ethiopia. Oman, Yemen.
Seetzenia lanata (Willd.) Bullock, Kew Bull. 19: 204 (1965).
Zygophyllum lanatum Willd. (1799).
Egypt, Libya to Arabia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India; also in S Africa. Oman,
Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Tribulus arabicus Hosni, Bot. Not. 130(3): 261 (1977). –Type: Oman, W of Jebel Samhan, Thesiger s.n. (BM, holo., CAI, iso.); Tribulus omanensis Hosni (1978). Type as above; Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus (Hosni) Hemaid & Jacob Thomas (1996).
Arabian Peninsula. Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Tribulus bimucronatus Viv., Pl. Aegypt. Dec. 4: 9 (1830).
Tribulus inermis Kralik (1849); T. bimucronatus Viv. var. inermis (Kralik)
H.A.Hosni (1985).
N Kenya, N Ethiopia, Somalia, SW Arabia. Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, ?UAE, Yemen.
Tribulus macropterus Boiss., Diagn., Pl. Orient. sér. 1, 1:61 (1843).
Northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula to India, C Asia. Saudi Arabia. Expected to occur in Oman, Yemen.
Tribulus pentandrus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 88 (1775).
Tribulus alatus Del. (1813), nom. nud.; T. longipetalus Viv. (1830).
Somalia. Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Tribulus terrestris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 387 (1753).
Tribulus terrestris var. robusta (Boiss. & Noe) Boiss. (1867); T. terrestris var.
orientalis (A.Kern.) Beck (1892); T. terrestris var. parvispinus (C.Presl) Hemaid & Jacob
Thomas (1996).
Mediterranean, Aegean, N Africa and tropical and S Africa, Arabia eastwards to China, Japan, Australia; introduced in N, C and S America. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, UAE, Yemen.
Zygophyllum album L.f. (1762.
Z. proliferum Forssk. (1775); Tetraena alba (L.f.) Beier & Thulin, Pl. Syst. Evol. 240: 35 (2003).
N & NE Africa to NE Spain. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Soqotra Yemen; expected in the UAE.
Zygophyllum bruguieri (DC.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).
Fagonia bruguieri DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 704 (1824).
Incl. F. bruguieri var. laxa Boiss. (1867)
Pakistan westwards to the arid regions of tropical Africa. Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Zygophyllum decumbens Delile, Egypte, Hist. Nat. 221, t. 27, f. 3 (1813).
Tetraena decumbens (Delile) Beier & Thulin, Pl. Syst. Evol. 240: 35 (2003).
Sudan, Somalia, Egypt. Oman, ?Saudi Arabia, Soqotra, Yemen.
Zygophyllum hamiensis Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 7, App. 11, 277 (1899).
Tetraena hamiensis (Schweinf.) Beier & Thulin, Pl. Syst. Evol. 240: 35 (2003).
Somalia and Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen; expected to occur in the UAE.
Zygophyllum indicum (Burm.f.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).
Fagonia indica Burm.f., Fl. Indica 102, t. 34, f. 1, (1768).
Fagonia ovalifolia Hadidi, Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 98: 2, t. 1. (1972).
Fagonia ovalifolia Hadidi var. qatarensis Hadidi (1978).
Pakistan, Afghanistan westwards to arid tropical Africa. Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Zygophyllum luntii (Baker) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).
Fagonia luntii Baker, Kew Bull. 1894: 330 (1894).
Fagonia nummularifolia Bak. (1895); F. socotrana (Balf.f.) Schweinf. (1899); F. socotrana
var. somalica Sprague (1908).
NE Africa (Somalia, Djibouti). Oman, Soqotra, Yemen.
Zygophyllum mahrana (Beier) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).
Fagonia mahrana Beier, Nordic J. Bot. 21(5): 451, 1 (2002). – Type. Yemen, Mahrah region, M.
Thulin, B.-A. Beier & M.A. Hussein 9729 (UPS, holo.; K. iso.).
Regional endemic. Oman, Yemen.
Zygophyllum paulayanum (J.Wagner & Vierh.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).
Fagonia schweinfurthii (Hadidi) Hadidi, Oester. Bot. Z. 121: 272 (1973).
Fagonia arabica non. L., Edgeworth & Hook f. (1874); F. lahovarii Volkens &
Schweinf. var. spinescens (Schwartz (1939); F. indica Burm.f. var. schweinfurthii Hadidi in
Rech. f. (1972).
NE tropical Africa eastwards to Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
Zygophyllum qatarensis Hadidi, Webbia 32(2): 394 (1978). –Type. Near Doha, Qatar, L. Boulos 10953 (K, holo., CAI, FI, iso.).
Tetraena qatarensis (Hadidi) Beier & Thulin, Pl. Syst. Evol. 240: 36 (2003).
Zygophyllum coccineum auct. non L.; Z. smithii Hadidi, nom. nud. –Type: Masirah Island, Jebel Hamra, Radcliffe-Smith 4233 (K, holo., K, ON, iso.); Z. hamiensis var. qatarensis
(M.N.Hadidi) Jacob Thomas & Chaudhary (2001).
Arabian Peninsula. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
Zygophyllum simplex L., Mant. Pl. 68 (1767).
Tetraena simplex (L.) Beier & Thulin, Pl. Syst. Evol. 240: 36 (2003).
N & NE Africa eastwards to western Asia and India. Oman, ?Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen.
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PLANT FAMILIES
- ACANTHACEAE
- AIZOACEAE
- AMARANTHACEAE
- AMARYLLIDACEAE
- ANACARDIACEAE
- APIACEAE
- APOCYNACEAE
- ARACEAE
- ARECACEAE
- ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
- ASPARAGACEAE
- ASPHODELACEAE
- ASTERACEAE
- BALSAMINACEAE
- BERBERIDACEAE
- BIGNONIACEAE
- BORAGINACEAE
- BRASSICACEAE
- BURSERACEAE
- CAMPANULACEAE
- CANNABACEAE
- CAPPARACEAE
- CAPRIFOLIACEAE
- CARYOPHYLLACEAE
- CELASTRACEAE
- CERATOPHYLLACEAE
- CISTACEAE
- CLEOMACEAE
- COMBRETACEAE
- COMMELINACEAE
- CONVOLVULACEAE
- CRASSULACEAE
- CUCURBITACEAE
- CYMODOCEACEAE
- CYPERACEAE
- EBENACEAE
- ELATINACEAE
- EUPHORBIACEAE
- FABACEAE
- FRANKENIACEAE
- GENTIANACEAE
- GERANIACEAE
- GISEKIACEAE
- HYDROCHARITACEAE
- IRIDACEAE
- IXIOLIRIACEAE
- JUNCACEAE
- LAMIACEAE
- LEMNACEAE
- LENTIBULARIACEAE
- LIMEACEAE
- LINACEAE
- LINDERNIACEAE
- LOPHIOCARPACEAE
- LORANTHACEAE
- LYTHRACEAE
- MALPHIGIACEAE
- MALVACEAE
- MENISPERMACEAE
- MOLLUGINACEAE
- MORACEAE
- MORINGACEAE
- MYRTACEAE
- NEURADACEAE
- NYCTAGINACEAE
- OLEACEAE
- ORCHIDACEAE
- OROBANCHACEAE
- OXALIDACEAE
- PAPAVERACEAE
- PASSIFLORACEAE
- PEDALIACEAE
- PIPERACEAE
- PLANTAGINACEAE
- PLUMBAGINACEAE
- POACEAE
- POLYGALACEAE
- POLYGONACEAE
- PONTEDERIACEAE
- PORTULACACEAE
- POTAMOGETONACEAE
- PHYLLANTHACEAE
- PRIMULACEAE
- RANUNCULACEAE
- RESEDACEAE
- RHAMNACEAE
- ROSACEAE
- RUBIACEAE
- RUPPIACEAE
- RUTACEAE
- SALVADORACEAE
- SALICACEAE
- SANTALACEAE
- SAPINDACEAE
- SAPOTACEAE
- SCROPHULARIACEAE
- SOLANACEAE
- TALINACEAE
- TAMARICACEAE
- THYMELAEACEAE
- TYPHACEAE
- URTICACEAE
- VERBENACEAE
- VIOLACEAE
- VITACEAE
- ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
REFERECES:
Ghazanfar, S.A.2018 - Flora of the Sultanate of Oman, Vol. 4, Hydrocharitaceae-Orchidaceae (Text). Scripta Botanica Belgica series. Belgium: National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise. 306pp.
Photographs of taxa for Volume 4
2015 - Flora of the Sultanate of Oman, Vol. 3, Loganiaceae-Asteraceae (Text + photo CD-ROM). Scripta Botanica Belgica series 55. Belgium: National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise. 386pp.
2007- Flora of the Sultanate of Oman, Vol. 2, Crassulaceae-Apiaceae (Text + photo CD-ROM). Scripta Botanica Belgica. Belgium: National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise. 220 pp.
2003- Flora of the Sultanate of Oman, Vol. 1, Piperaceae-Primulaceae (Text + photo CD-ROM).
Scripta Botanica Belgica Series 25. Belgium: National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise. 262pp.
Index of Latin and vernacular names for all volumes
| Checklists of Families, Genera and Species of plants of the Middle East |
|
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