Habitat: gravel, hill, lake margin, lowland, margin, open, sand, sheltered, silt, stone, track, wetland

Dispersal: Vegetative

 Recognition
  • a submerged aquatic plant with stems up to 5 m long that are usually rooted to the substrate.
  • its small strap-like leaves (5-20 mm long and 2-3 mm wide) are densely arranged in a spiralling pattern along the stems.
  • these leaves are strongly bent downwards and have minute teeth along their margins.
  • its tiny flowers are pink or purplish in colour and borne just above the water surface on long thread-like stalks.

[From: Environmental Weeds of Australia]

 References
Biosecurity New Zealand 2012: Regional Pest Management Strategies Database. http://www.biosecurityperformance.maf.govt.nz/
Biosecurity New Zealand 2008: National Plant Pest Accord. MAF Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington.
Howell, C. 2008: Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. DOC Research & Development Series 292: 42.
Ministry for Primary Industries 23 Feb 2017: Unwanted Organisms Register. Version 02.01.02. https://www1.maf.govt.nz/uor