Habitat: bank, cliff, coast, dry, forest, lowland, pasture, roadside, rock outcrop, shaded, shrubland, silt, slope, terrace, track, wasteland

Dispersal: Seed

 Recognition
  • a herbaceous perennial forming dense clumps with short rhizomes.
  • its leaves are strap-like, up to 80 cm long, green and with an unpleasant odour when crushed.
  • its inflorescence is up to about 80 cm long with the flowers usually amongst the leaves.
  • its flowers are up to 10 cm across, usually with dull yellow and greenish-brown markings.
  • its capsule is about 6 cm long and when it opens two rows of scarlet seeds are exposed.
 References
Biosecurity New Zealand 2012: Regional Pest Management Strategies Database. http://www.biosecurityperformance.maf.govt.nz/
Howell, C. 2008: Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. DOC Research & Development Series 292: 42.