A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus.

A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus.

Mrs. Pallavi Nemgonda Patil* 1, Dr. Santosh K.Sing2, Dr. Kiran A.Wadkar3

1, 2.Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajastan India.

Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACT-

Cissus woodroii grows in hilly regions in Maharashtra (Pune, Kolhapur, Pasarni ghat area Satara), Andhra India. It belongs to genus Cissus, family vitaceae. Cissus woodroii also serves as a good source of Maximum per cent yield (13.49%), total phenolic content (24.14 mg TAE/g dry weight), and total flavonoid content (18.45 mg QE/g dry weight) were recorded in the methanolic leaf extract. Proximate analysis of fruits showed a calorific value of 168.86 kcal/100 g dry weight (DW). These fruits were found to be rich in macro- (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) and micro- (iron, manganese, zinc, and copper) mineral elements and vitamins (carotenoids and ascorbic acid)( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.2022). Such plants are termed as “underutilized” as scientific evidence regarding their potential is lacking. Taxonomically, it is a unique plant species of Cissus due to its shrub-like habit ( Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al 2020).cissus woodroii is also used for various treatments like Antioxidant activity, nutritional value of underutilized wild C. woodrowii fruits. This article throws light on various recent knowledge of scientific research in various aspects of this genus cissus (Gabriel Fernandes et al.,2012) and cissus woodroii and remarkable pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and antitumour.

Keywords: Antioxidant, nutraceuticals, flavonide, Cissus woodroii, Phytochemical and pharmacological study, Cissus,Vitaceae.

INTRODUCTION (Shankara Rao K et al.,2019), ( SingN.P et al 2000)

The plant designed as medicinal is implied that it is useful as a drug or therapeutic agent or an active ingredient of a medicinal preparation.

Various medicinal plants have been applied for years in daily life to treat disease all over the world (Nair et al.2004).The low or no harmful effect of medicine derived from natural sources has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries (Lawal D et al.2013). According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, herbal plants are widely used to treat and manage dangerous ailments (by approximately 80% of the world’s population) (WHO 2019).Medicinal plants are important for pharmacological research and drug development because plant constituents are not only used directly as therapeutic agents, but also as starting materials for the synthesis of drugs or as models for pharmacologically active compounds. Herbal-derived remedies need a powerful and deep assessment of their pharmacological qualities and safety issues due to the large and growing use of natural-derived substances all over the world, which cannot rely only on the traditional knowledge. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. On the other hand, there are several plants which possess various phytochemicals that can be beneficial to humans but are not explored yet. (Murthy HN et al.2020).

Vitaceae (the grape family) consist of 16 genera and ca. 950 species (Jun Wen et al 2018)and represented by the woody climbers with leaf opposed tendrils, some of them are shrubs and succulents too. Genus Cissus belongs to the family Vitaceae consists of about 350 species, among these a number of species used globally in traditional medicine to treat various ailments.( M. Manokariet al 2019) (Tasadduq R et al.2017; Dhanasekaran S et al.2020).

The present plant Cissus woodroii grows in hilly regions in Maharashtra (Pune,Kolhapur), on Buleshwar hill, near Yawat, Pune, Peddamandyam mandal, Chittoor district, in Andhra Pradesh. Andhra. It belongs to genus Cissus, Vitaceae family. It has erect shrubs with stems terete or obscurely angled, leaves large and more or less orbicular.The leaf-size is used to key out them (Lamina 20-30 × 20-25 cm and petioles 15-25 cm; these measurement may be of basal leaves while our herbarium specimens have distal leaves which are usually smaller characterize C. woodrowii.

It is shrub and wild variety. According to information collected in local area of Kolhapur it was observed that, it’s flowering season start’s in month of September and bears fruits from month of October and losses leaves from November to December. The baby leaves comes in month of May to June. It’s roots are used traditionally as a antitumor in animal treatment in Maharashtra. In Andhra Pradesh the paste of the stem is applied externally to relieve rheumatic pains.

To date, hundreds of plant species of Cissus have been explored for their phenolic

compounds and antioxidant activities, since it is associated with cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc.( Coulibaly AY et al.2014; Liguori I et al.2018).

Cissus woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau is commonly known as ‘Woodrow’s grape tree’. (Shankara Rao K et al.2019). Taxonomically, it is a unique plant species of Cissus due to its shrub-like habit, while the remaining taxa of the Vitaceae are woody lianas.( Cooke T.1902)

Bioprospecting of Cissus woodrowii for its phytochemicals and bioactivities is unnoticed.

Sr.No.	Tribe	Genus	Species
1	Ampelopsideae	Ampelopsis Michx. Nekemias Raf. Clematicissus Planch. Rhoicissus Planch.	18 9 6 14
2	Cisseae	Cissus L.	300
3	Cayratieae	Cayratia Juss. Causonis Raf. Acareosperma Gagnep. “Afrocayratia” Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston Pseudocayratia J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Z.D. Chen Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch.	25 30 1 7 200 5 100
4	Parthenocisseae	Parthenocissus Planch. Yua C.L.Li	14 2
5	Viteae	Vitis L. Ampelocissus Planch. (including Nothocissus and Pterisanthes)	75 115

Table 1 –Phylogenetic Tribal Classification of Vitaceae with Tribes and genera. (Jun Wen et al 2018)

1.	Cissus acreensis		1.	Cissus fuliginea	1.	Cissus pileatus
2.	Cissus acris		2.	Cissus furcifera	2.	Cissus pingtungensis
3.	Cissus acuminata		3.	Cissus fusifolia	3.	Cissus pinnatifolia
4.	Cissus adamii		4.	Cissus gambianus	4.	Cissus planchoniana
5.	Cissus adeyana		5.	Cissus gardneri	5.	Cissus planchonii
6.	Endeavour River-vine – Cissus adnata		6.	Cissus geniculata	6.	Cissus platanifolia
7.	Venezuela treebine – Cissus alata		7.	Cissus glandulosa	7.	Cissus pobeguini
8.	Cissus albida		8.	Cissus glaucophylla	8.	Cissus poilanei
9.	Cissus albiporcata		9.	Cissus glaucotricha	9.	Cissus politus
10.	Cissus amapaensis		10.	Cissus glossopetala	10.	Cissus polyantha
11.	Cissus ambongensis		11.	Cissus glyptocarpa	11.	Cissus polydactyla
12.	Cissus amoena		12.	Cissus gongylodes	12.	Cissus populnea
13.	Cissus anemonifolia		13.	Cissus gossweileri	13.	Cissus producta
14.	Cissus angustata		14.	Cissus gossypiifolia	14.	Cissus prunifera
15.	Cissus anisophylla		15.	Cissus goudotii	15.	Cissus pseudofuliginea
16.	Cissus annamicus		16.	Cissus grandifolia	16.	Cissus pseudoguerkeana
17.	Cissus antandroy		17.	Cissus granulosa	17.	Cissus pseudopolyantha
18.	Kangaroo vine – Cissus antarctica		18.	Cissus grisea	18.	Cissus pseudoverticillata
19.	Cissus anulata		19.	Cissus guerkeana	19.	Cissus psoralifolia
20.	Cissus apendiculata		20.	Cissus haematantha	20.	Cissus pteroclada
21.	Cissus aphylla		21.	Cissus hamaderohensis	21.	Cissus pubinervis
22.	Cissus aphyllantha		22.	Cissus hastata	22.	Cissus pulcherrima
23.	Cissus apoensis		23.	Cissus heteroma	23.	Cissus pynaertii
24.	Cissus araguainensis		24.	Cissus heterophylla	24.	Veldt grape – Cissus quadrangularis
25.	Cissus aralioides		25.	Cissus heterotoma	25.	Cissus quadricornuta
26.	Cissus arguta		26.	Cissus hexangularis	26.	Cissus quarrei
27.	Cissus aristata		27.	Cissus heyneana	27.	Cissus quinquangularis
28.	Cissus aristolochiifolia		28.	Cissus hookeri	28.	Cissus reniformis
29.	Cissus aristolochioides		29.	Cissus humbertianus	29.	Cissus repanda
30.	Cissus arnottiana		30.	Cissus humbertii	30.	Cissus – Cissus repens
31.	Cissus assamica		31.	Five-leaved Grape – Cissus hypoglauca	31.	Cissus reticulata
32.	Cissus astrotrichus		32.	Cissus incisa	32.	Cissus retivenia
33.	Cissus atacorensis		33.	Cissus integrifolia	33.	Cissus rhamnoidea
34.	Cissus aubertiana		34.	Intermediate treebine – Cissus intermedia	34.	Cissus rheifolia
35.	Cissus auricomus		35.	Cissus inundata	35.	Cissus rhodotricha
36.	Cissus austroyunnanensis		36.	Cissus javalensis	36.	Cissus robinsonii
37.	Cissus bachmaensis		37.	Cissus javana	37.	Cissus rondoensis
38.	Cissus bahiensis		38.	Cissus kawensis	38.	Cissus rostrata
39.	Cissus barbeyana		39.	Cissus kerrii	39.	Venezuelan treebine – Cissus rotundifolia
40.	Cissus barteri		40.	Cissus koordersii	40.	Cissus rubiginosa
41.	Cissus bathyrhakodes		41.	Cissus kouandeensis	41.	Cissus rubricaulis
42.	Cissus bauerlenii		42.	Cissus kouilouensis	42.	Cissus rubropilosa
43.	Cissus bequaertii		43.	Cissus lamprophylla	43.	Cissus rufescens
44.	Cissus bicolor		44.	Cissus laneus	44.	Cissus ruginosicarpa
45.	Cissus biformifolia		45.	Cissus lanyuensis	45.	Cissus ruspolii
46.	Cissus blanchetiana		46.	Cissus latifolia	46.	Cissus sagittifer
47.	Cissus blumeana		47.	Cissus lebrunii	47.	Cissus saponaria
48.	Cissus boivinii		48.	Cissus leemansii	48.	Cissus schmitzii
49.	Cissus boliviana		49.	Cissus lemuricus	49.	Cissus schumanniana
50.	Cissus bosseri		50.	Cissus lenticellata	50.	Cissus sciaphila
51.	Cissus bracteosa		51.	Cissus leonardii	51.	Cissus senegalensis
52.	Cissus brevipes		52.	Cissus leucophlea	52.	Cissus serroniana
53.	Cissus cactiformis		53.	Cissus lineata	53.	Cissus serrulatifolia
54.	Cissus cacuminis		54.	Cissus lonchiphylla	54.	Cissus setulosa
55.	Cissus caesia		55.	Cissus longicymosa	55.	Cissus siamica
56.	Cissus calcicola		56.	Cissus louisii	56.	Cissus silvestris
57.	Cissus camiriensis		57.	Cissus luzoniensis	57.	Cissus simsiana
58.	Cissus campestris		58.	Cissus macrobotrys	58.	Cissus smithiana
59.	Cissus cardiophylla		59.	Cissus macrophylla	59.	Cissus spectabilis
60.	Cissus carrissoi		60.	Cissus madecassa	60.	Cissus spinosa
61.		Cissus cerasiformis	61.	Cissus marcanii	61.	Long-leaved Grape – Cissus sterculiifolia
62.		Cissus clematidea	62.	Cissus mauritiana	62.	Cissus stipulata
63.		Cissus coccinea	63.	Cissus megacarpa	63.	Minature grape ivy – Cissus striata
64.		Cissus cochinchinensis	64.	Cissus mexicana	64.	Cissus subaphylla
65.		Cissus colombiensis	65.	Cissus microcarpa	65.	Cissus suberecta
66.		Cissus comosus	66.	Cissus microdonta	66.	Cissus subhastata
67.		Cissus compressiflora	67.	Cissus miegei	67.	Cissus subramanyamii
68.		Cissus conchigera	68.	Cissus migeodii	68.	Cissus subrhomboidea
69.		Cissus convolvulacea	69.	Cissus milnei	69.	Cissus subtetragona
70.		Cissus cornifolia	70.	Cissus mirabilis	70.	Cissus sue
71.		Cissus corylifolia	71.	Cissus modeccoides	71.	Cissus sulcicaulis
72.		Cissus coursii	72.	Cissus morifolia	72.	Cissus sulfurosus
73.		Cissus craibii	73.	Cissus narinensis	73.	Cissus sumatrana
74.		Cissus crusei	74.	Cissus neei	74.	Cissus surinamensis
75.		Cissus cucumerifolia	75.	Cissus nervosa	75.	Cissus sylvicola
76.		Cissus cucurbitina	76.	Cissus nicaraguensis	76.	Cissus teysmannii
77.		Cissus cuspidata	77.	Cissus nigropilosa	77.	Cissus thalictrifolia
78.		Cissus cussonioides	78.	Cissus nobilis	78.	Cissus tiliacea
79.		Cissus darik	79.	Javanese treebine – Cissus nodosa	79.	Cissus tiliiformis
80.		Cissus dasyantha	80.	Cissus novemfolia	80.	Cissus timoriensis
81.		Cissus dealbata	81.	Cissus nymphaeifolia	81.	Cissus tinctoria
82.		Cissus debilis	82.	Cissus obliqua	82.	Cissus touraensis
83.		Cissus decaryi	83.	Cissus oblonga	83.	Cissus trianae
84.		Cissus decidua	84.	Cissus oblongifolia	84.	Sorrelvine – Cissus trifoliata
85.		Cissus descoingsii	85.	Spoonleaf treebine – Cissus obovata	85.	Cissus trigona
86.		Cissus dewevrei	86.	Cissus oliveri	86.	Cissus triloba
87.		Cissus dichotoma	87.	Cissus oreophila	87.	Cissus triternata
88.		Cissus diffusiflora	88.	Cissus osaensis	88.	Cissus trothae
89.		Cissus dinklagei	89.	Cissus oxyodonta	89.	Cissus tweedieana
90.		Cissus diversilobata	90.	Cissus palmata	90.	Cissus ulmifolia
91.		Cissus doeringii	91.	Cissus palmatifida	91.	Cissus umbellata
92.		Cissus duarteana	92.	Cissus paniculata	92.	Cissus ursina
93.		Cissus duboisii	93.	Cissus paraensis	93.	Cissus uvifer
94.		Cissus egestosa	94.	Cissus parviflora	94.	Cissus venezuelensis
95.		Cissus ellenbeckii	95.	Cissus patellicalyx	95.	Princessvine – Cissus verticillata
96.		Cissus elongata	96.	Cissus paucinervia	96.	Cissus vinosa
97.		Caro de tres hojas – Cissus erosa	97.	Cissus paullinifolia	97.	Cissus viridescens
98.		Cissus evrardii	98.	Cissus peltata	98.	Cissus vitiginea
99.		Cissus fanshawei	99.	Cissus penninervis	99.	Cissus voanonala
100.		Cissus farinosa	100.	Cissus pentaclada	100.	Cissus wallacei
101.		Cissus faucicola	101.	Cissus pentagona	101.	Cissus wellmanii
102.		Cissus flavens	102.	Cissus perrieri	102.	Cissus welwitschii
103.		Cissus flaviflora	103.	Cissus peruviana	103.	Cissus wenshanensis
104.		Cissus flavifolia	104.	Cissus petiolata	104.	Cissus woodrowii
105.		Cissus floribunda	105.	Cissus phymatocarpa	105.	Cissus wrightiana
106.		Cissus forsteniana	106.	Cissus picardae	106.	Cissus xerophila
107.		Cissus fragilis	107.	Cissus parviflora	107.	Cissus youngii
Total=107+107+108=322species					108.	Cissus zombitsy

Table 2 –Cissus genus Classification of Vitaceae family.

( https://observation.org/taxa/10104/?genus=Cissus)

Synonym

Cissus woodroii, Vitis woodroii (Stapf ex Cook) Santapaue

Common names

Woodrow’s grape tree, Girnool

Taxonomy of Cissus woodroii L. (flora of Bombay Presedency) (India Biodiversity portal)

Kindom-Plantae

Phylum-Tracheophyta

Class : Magnoiliopsida

Order : Vitales

Family : Vitaceae

Genus : Cissus

Species : woodroii

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF CISSUS WOODROII-(Cooke. T 1902,Tetali, et al. 2000) (Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020),( Sharma BDet al 1984,1988)

It is an erect shrub 5 -6 ft. high ;trunk 3—4 in. thick at the base ; bark rough, grey ; lower branches2—3 ft. long, annual , ecirrhose , slightly tomentose at t he apex. Leaves up to 9 in. long and broad, pale green, cordate-ovate or cordate -rotund( with a broad sinus), usually shortly (rarely obscurely) 3 —lobed, acute or acuminate,re pand-cre nat e (t he cre nature s re curve d) ,at first sparingly tomentose , at length glabrate ,rather firm, palmi—nerved ; petiole s nearlye quallingt he blade,more or less tomentose when young ; stipules triangular-ovate , reddish,caducous. Flow e rs tetrame rous,in compoundumbe ls ; peduncle s 1 in. or afterwards 2 in. long ; primary rays usually 4 about —5 in. long at time of flowering, afterwards up t o 1 ; in.“long ;pedice ls at time of flow e ring 71ih . , afterwards in. long, thick, straight. Calyx sauce r-shaped : limb membranous, truncate or very obscurely lobed. Petal s 4 calyptrately deciduous, hooded and thickened at t he apex. Disk 4-lobed. Style the root contains starch-granule s in abnudance , of variable form,also raphides.

Which are pointed at one end and 2—3-furcate at the other Large shrubs or small trees, 1.5-3.0m high, bark rough, grey.Leaves, large, 8-20 cm as long as broad, ovate, sometimes obscurely3-lobed, apex acute, acuminate, base cordate, margins crenate-repand. Flowers green, apex tinged red, 0.3 –0.5 cm across, in compound umbels; calyx saucer shaped; petals deciduous. Berries 0.7 –1.0 cm across, subglobose, reddish when ripe.

Fig. 1. Cissus woodroii( Vitis woodroii) (Stapf ex Cook) Santapaue plant growing under natural conditions.

Fig. 2. Cissus woodroii( Vitis woodroii) (Stapf ex Cook)-1,Habit, 2.Flower, 3.Fruit, 4.&.5Inflorescence,6.Leaf-Dorsal view.

STUDY OF SOME SPECIES FROM GENUS CISSUS-

(Bhanumathi Natarajan et al.,2000),( Chidambara Murthy KN et al,.2003), ( Rein Hui,2007), ,( AA Ahmadu et al 2010), (Anna Trias-Blasi et al.,2010),(Gabriel Fernandes et al., 2012),(Kashikar ND et al,. 2012),(Atiku, I et al 2013),( Sani, Y.M.1 etal.,2014),( Jacek Drobnik et al., 2015), ( Ganapathymuru Ganalagu Lakshmanan et al., 2016,( Hari Sasidharan et al., 2016),( Ganalagu Lakshmanan et al.,2016),( Poornima R et al., 2016),( Sujata Tetali et al., 2016), ( Alina K Sebastian et al 2017),( Harisha C. R et al.,2017),( Md. Nazim Uddin Chy et al., 2017), ( Selvi P et al 2017),( Sudha Parimala et al., 2017), ( Chukwuebuka et al., 2018), (Marielba de los et al., 2019), ( M. Manokari et al 2019) ,( Mosaib MG et al., 2020),( Ozimede et al 2020) ( Jayanthi Chenniappan et al,. 2020),( María del Rayo Camacho-Corona et al., 2020),( Arti Singh et al,.2021), (LailyRahamawatiet al.,2021),( India Biodiversity portal),( Rajesh kumar S et al., 2021).

Sr.no	Name of species	Location	Common name	Chemical constituent	Pharmacological activity	Part used	Habitat
1.	Cissus adnata	Bhatiary, Chittagong-Bangladesh	Bhatia lot,down –rang in Assamees ,pani-lara in Nepali	alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, proteins, amino acid, glycosides, and terpenoids	antibacterial, pesticidal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents	leaves	Climber
2.	Cissus aralioides	Cameroon ,Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria	kindamina	alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, cardiac glycoside, proteins and reducing sugar	anti-microbial and toxicological agent against microorganisms of the gastrointestinal and urogenital ,tracts, arthritis, edema, treatment for fever and malaria	Leaf, roots	climber
3.	Cissus araneosa	India : Evergreen forests of western Ghats, up to 1500 m. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.	Hindi: Kamraj; Mar.: Bendri, Bendervel, Ghorvel; Tarn.: Kattuthiratcha	Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids			Slender, far climbing shrub
4.	Cissus amplexicaulis	Thailand					Slender climber
5.	Cissus aristata	hilly regions of Mangad, Thrissur Kerala, India		alkaloids, tannins (condensed), flavanoids, phytosterols, triterpenoid, lactones, volatile oil and saponin.	antibacterial activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.	dried root and stem	Scandent shrub
6.	Cissus arnottiana	Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem ,Tamil Nadu, India	“Nanaminukki” in Tamil and “Nelagummadi” in Telugu	(Eugenol, Phenol, 4-(ethoxymethyl)-2- methoxy, 3, 5-Cyclohexadiene-1, 2-dione, 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl), Diisooctyl phthalate)	antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antiasthma, diuretic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant, protection against chronic diseases, anti-viral activity.	Stem,root	erect woody tree ,erect shrubs
7.	C. Assamica	china, india, cambodia, bhutan, nepal, thailand		lupeol, n-hexacosinc acid, isolariciesinol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, dauco stenin, 3,3’-dimethyl ellagic acid, b sitosterol and bergenin	anti-snake venom
8.	Cissus austroyunnanensis	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids
9.	Cissus cornifolia baker (planch)	Kufenia, Zaria,Arica ,Zimbabwe	splanch and riigarbirri	Saponin, flavonide,glycoside,alkaloid, hydroquinone, resorcinol, vanillin and n – hexanoic	Anti- inflammatory, diabetes, gonorrhea, sedative malaria, septic tonsils, and pharyngitis, central nervous system depressants and sedative	leaf and root	semi-scandent woody shrub
10.	Cissus discolor	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia	“Sangharhmai”	Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids	treat stomach troubles and is also applied to itching sores	leaves	Creeping or climbing shrubs
11.	C. Debilis	Cameroon		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids	antiproliferative activity on human CaCo-2 cells		slender climber
12.	Cissus elongata	Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia	Talbot	Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids	skin and nerve diseases, gastrointestinal abnormalities, infections, cardiac ailments, antipoisonous	tubers	very large glabrous climber
13.	C. Hamaderohensis	Yemen, West Asia		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids	inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), neutral endopeptidase (NGP) and aminopeptidase N (APN) ,anti-viral, anti ace, ngp and apn
14	Cissus hexangularis	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids
15	C. Hypoglauca	australia	jungle grape, water vine, five leaf water vine	Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids	sore-throat
16.	C. Ibuensis hook	Nigeria (africa)		Flavonoids, Kaempferol, Quercitin ,Stilbenes, triterpenoids and steroids	rheumatism, arthritis, gastrointestinal disturbance	Leaves, stem,fruit
17.	Cissus incisa	northern mexico	ivy treebine, marine ivy, or grape ivy	fatty acyls, sphingolipids, sterols, glycerolipids, prenol lipids, and terpenes	antimicrobial, cytotoxic skin infections, abscesses and tumors
18.	Cissuss icyoides	Nigeria	Cipopuca, Bejuco de porra, Bejucocaro, Puci, and Aniltrepador	flavonoids, Linalool, and α-tocopherol, coumarin glycoside 5,6,7,8- tetrahydroxycoumarin- 5β – xylopyranoside which was obtained together with known coumarinsabandin, two flavonoids kaempferol 3- rhamnoside and quercetin 3- rhamnoside, and two steroids, itosterol and 3β-O-β-dglucopyranosylsitosterol	anti-inflammatory Anti –Diabetic,
19.	Cissus kerrii	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids
20	Cissus javana	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids
21.	Vitis latifolia	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia	Panibel;	Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids			climbing shrubs
22	Cissus lageniflora Gilg	Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria		Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides
23	Cissus luzoniensis	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids
24.	C. Populnea	nigeria (africa), Brazil and the Caribbean	food gum, ager, okoho , Ager	phenolic content	increase proliferation of sertoli cells, antibacterial	Leaves, stem and root, bark
25.	Cissus petiolata(Cissus pallid)	Obio/Akpor Local Govern, Nallamalla forest of Kurnool district, Telangana, India ment Area of Rivers State, Nigeria	In tamil Nanaminukki,in Irula-Malangikodi.	Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides, , flavonoids -Gallic acid and Quercetin, .	anticancer activity, antioxidant action, protective effect on the haemopoietic system	stem & roots	Climbing shrub
26	Cissus polyantha	Turunku, Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Nigeria		carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, tannins steroids and triterpenes.	conjunctivitis and inflammation.	root
27	Cissus pteroclada	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		b-sitosterol, bergenin, 11-O-galloylbergenin, 11-O-(4-hydroxy benzoyl) bergenin, gallic acid and daucosterol The leaves of C. ibuensis contained Quercetin 3-O and flavanoid
28.	C. Quadrangularis	sri lanka (asia) india, Nigeria	veldt grape ,climbing cactus, cactus vine, Edible stemmed Vine	alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, phytoestrogen steroids, cardio glycosides and terpenoids. Flavanoids , carotenoids, steroids, calcium ,flavonoids Beta-sitosterol and luteolin8 , Triterpenoids, lead, iron, potassium, zinc, calcium, sodium, cadmium, copper and magnesium, parthenocissus, resveratrol, piceatannol, pallidol, alicyclic lipids, calcium, phosphorous and phytoestrogenic steroids	fracture healing, increases bone strength, protects bone from postmenopausal bone loss, Anti-ulcer activity Anxiolytic, antipyretic and antidiabetic properties Antibacterial activity Women health and osteoporosis Anti-inflammation Antioxidant	Stem,leaves,root	a moderate grower. It flourishes in sun or light shade in a warm tropical climate
29.	Cissus repens	Southern China, Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan		Stilbene C glucosides	snake bites, rheumatic pain nephritis, long-term coughs, and diarrhea ,hepatoprotective	roots and stems,leaf	perennial climber
30.	Cissus repanda	Kuman to Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, and Western Ghats	“Panivel”		hpatoprotective	leaf	large climber
31.	C. Rotundifolia	africa, south America,Endau hill, Kitui County, Kenya	Arabian wax Cissus, Peruvian grape Ivy	Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids	Anti-parasitic ,diabetic	Leaves,stem,root
32.	C. Rubiginosa	congo		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids	anti dysentery, anti diarrhoea
33.	Vitis rugosa	India : Himalaya, from Garhwal eastwards and Khasia Hills, between 1200-2500 m. Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. Nepal and Myanmar		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids			Climbing or scrambling shrubs
34	C. Sicyoides	brazil (south america)	princess vine, curtain ivy, millionaire vine	Flavanoids, linalool and a- Tocopherol, carotenoids and phenolic compounds (resveratrol, coumarins, and tannins)	anti-diabetic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anxiolyte, stroke, abscesses, arthritis	leaf
34	Cissus subtetragona	Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan,(Laos, Vietnam) China	si leng ,bai fen teng	Flavonoid- kaempferol, genistin, and apigenin)	anti-inflammatory effects, gastritis, acute lung injury	aerial parts- dried branch with leaves
36	Cissu sverticillata	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		terpenoids	decrease blood sugar level
37.	C. Triloba	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids
38	Cissus trifoliata			alcohols, alkanes, esters, fatty acids, terpenes and phenolic compounds	e management of infectious diseases and tumors,	stems
39.	C. Verticillata	trinidad and tobago (carribean)		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids quercetin	anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, antioxidant activity, action to teeth and gums	Root, sole bark
40.	Cissus vitiginea L.	south India and Sri Lanka	south indian treebine	alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, coumarin, tannins, sugar, proteins	cure wounds, diabetes, cardiovascular illness, cancers, particularly bone diseases and arthritis	leaves and stem	woody Climber
41.	Cissus wenshanensis	tropical regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia		Sterols, Quinones, and Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids
42.	Cissus woodroii	Girnool, ‘Woodrow’s grape tree’.	Kolhapur, Mumbai, Nasik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Satara, Sindhudurg,Thane,Andhra India.	phenolic, and flavonoid content	antioxidant activities,nutraceutical, The roots were made into a powder and applied to cut wounds where puss had formed	Fruit,leaves, roots	Woody shrub

PHYTOCHEMISTRY-( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.,2022, Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020)

The moisture, ash, and crude fiber content of C. woodrowii fruits were 13.71%, 23.88%, and 21.15 g/100 g DW, respectively. In C. woodrowii fruits, fat, protein, and carbohydrates contents were 2.71 g/100 g DW, 5.78 g/100 g DW, and 15.23 g/100 g DW, respectively.Based on this analysis, the oxidizable energy of the C. woodrowii fruits was 706.54 kJ/100 g DW or 168.86 kcal/100 g DW. Presence of sodium (37.23 mg/100 g DW), potassium (71.9 mg/ 100 g DW), calcium (78.29 mg/100 g DW), magnesium (118.77 mg/ 100 g DW), and phosphorus (30.45 mg/100 g DW) was recorded in C. woodrowii fruits .

Higher phenolic and flavonoid contents in the methanolic extract of C. woodrowii. LC-HRMS analysis has revealed 20 phenolic compounds in the leaves of C. woodrowii . Profiling of phenolic compounds in methanolic leaves extracts of C. woodrowii by LCHR-MS on (a) positive like Rutin, Quercitrin, Cosmosiin, Dihydrorobinetin, Hesperetin and (b) negative mode like Catechin, Rutin, Gallic acid, Diosmetin, Phloridzin, Ellagic acid, Rhoifolin, Cosmosiin, Epicatechin, Centaurein, Norstictic acid pentaacetate, Quercitrin, Naringenin-7-o-glucoside, Dihydroquercetin, Lomatin, Cosmosiin hexaacetate, Dihydrorobinetin, Hesperetin, Embelin, Harderoporphyrin, Rhoifolin

5.PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES–( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.,2022, Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020)

Nutritional value-

Clinical trials have shown that the intake of macro-mineralsfrom fruit helps to reduce the chances of non-communicable diseases.

Antioxidant activity-

20 phenolic compounds in the leaves of C.woodrowii which might play an important role in the

antioxidant activity.

6.TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL USES/ETHANOBOTANICAL USES–

From survey of local regeion of distribution of C.woodrowii in Kolhapur district found that the root ofplant is used for treatment of tumor in veterinary practice.

7.CONCLUSION-

C.woodrowii has been claimed for a antioxidant activity,nutritional value and number of ethanobotanical uses or traditional medicinal uses. The phytoconstituents presented in this review could help researchers to explore the plant at next extent. Emphasis should be laid on the novel methods of propagation of this plant and further exploration in drug research. By considering majority of species in Cissus shows activity on bone fracture healings,dibetis,hepatoprotective,antibacterial activity, Anti-Ulcer Activity ,obesity, gastrointestinal tract(Gabriel Fernandes et al 2012) and the medicinal values and other uses of C.woodrowii so there is future scope for research on C.woodrowii. therefore conservation of this plant is also recommended.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS –

Authors are grateful to the Suresh Gyan Vihar Univrsity, Jaipur, India, Principal Dr.Shitalkumar S.Patil providing support to their work..

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A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus.

A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus.

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