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Synonyms: Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons.; Raphanaceae Horan.; Stanleyaceae Nutt.; Thlaspiaceae Martinov
Common name: Mustard Family.
Number of genera 351. Number of species 3000.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule a dehisced fruit, or an intact or entire fruit, or a partial fruit (a segment of an entire fruit), or a seed.
Fruits
Pistil(s) simple; 1; 1-pistillate. Fruit pericarpium; simple; achene (Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell.), or bilomentum (Raphanus raphanistrum L. & 4 families Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Papaveraceae (listed as Fumariaceae), Goodeniaceae), or carcerulus (Guiraoa arvensis Coss.), or urticle (Lesquerella angustifolia (Nutt.) S. Watson), or capsule; silique capsule (Thlaspi perfoliatum L., Spjut Fig.19C-D & only family), or silicle (of author, not Spjut); capsule not inflated; capsule without operculum; with persistent central column, or without persistent central column (rarely); not within accessory organ(s); 2-carpellate; with carpels united; with carpels remaining united at maturity; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; apex usually beaked, or not beaked; apex long beaked, or moderately beaked, or short beaked; dehiscent, or indehiscent (rarely). Dehiscent unit seed(s). Dehiscent regularly; actively, or passively; elastically; with valves coiling, or twisting; at apex, or base; with replum, or without replum; fruit with thin centered partition attached to replum, or without centered partition attached to replum. Epicarp usually brown (all shades), or green, or red; durable; without armature; smooth; without wing(s); without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp present, or absent. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp, or separating spontaneously from exocarp; thin; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); persisting in fruit after seed shed, or not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; less than 1 mm long, or 1 to less than 5 mm long, or 5 to less than 10 mm long, or 10 to less than 25 mm long; 0.3–17 mm long (latter for Megacarpaea); circular, or oblong; in transection flattened, or compressed, or terete; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves, or without food reserves, or without apparent food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; dull, or shiny; surface unsmooth; surface with depressed features, or discreet raised features, or merged raised features; surface grooved, or pitted, or punctate, or scobiculate; surface granular, or tuberculate, or verrucose, or warted; surface reticulate, or ribbed, or roughened, or rugose, or striate, or sculptured; with crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle, or without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; with notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approaching each other, or without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other; without glands; without bristles; without wings (most genera), or with wing(s); 1-winged; with wing encompassing seed; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; brown (all shades), or black, or yellow, or gray, or white; thin, or crustaceous; not becoming mucilaginous when wetted, or becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding embryo, or surrounding food reserve. Hilum punctate, or larger than punctate. Endosperm scant (Isatis), or trace.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; completely filling testa (no food reserve); at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; foliate; bent, or straight (Leavenworthia); without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; with cotyledons containing lauric acid, or lesquerolic acid (usually large amounts), or raffinose and euric acid, or stachyose, or fats, or oils; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.4–0.85 times length of embryo; somewhat to significantly wider than hypocotyl-radicle, or as wide as hypocotyl-radicle; 1–10 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; not concealing hypocotyl-radicle, or partially concealing hypocotyl-radicle, or entirely concealing hypocotyl-radicle (folded & embracing radicle (Orthoploceae)); accumbent to hypocotyl-radicle, or incumbent to hypocotyl-radicle, or conduplicate to hypocotyl-radicle, or obliquely incumbent to hypocotyl-radicle; foliaceous; moderately thick; flat, or circinate, or twice-folded (Diplecolobeae), or plicate (Spirolobeae); smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; basally entire; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle well developed; straight; not thickened.
Distribution
Pantemperate (both North & South Hemispheres). New World, Old World. North America, Middle America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia Major, Asia Minor, southeastern Asia, Australia.
Notes
Engler & Prantl have excellent cotyledon drawings. Cronquist: "generally silique (elongate) or silicle (short)". See also Capparaceae.
Weed information
1 or more USA state noxious weeds.
USA states and territories with listed noxious weeds: Alabama (AL), Alaska (AK), Arizona (AZ), California (CA), Colorado (CO), Connecticut (CT), Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), Hawaii (HI), Idaho (ID), Illinois (IL), Indiana (IN), Iowa (IA), Kansas (KS), Louisiana (LA), Maine (ME), Massachusetts (MA), Michigan (MI), Minnesota (MN), Mississippi (MS), Missouri (MO), Montana (MT), Nebraska (NE), Nevada (NV), New Hampshire (NH), New Mexico (NM), North Carolina (NC), North Dakota (ND), Ohio (OH), Oklahoma (OK), Oregon (OR), Pennsylvania (PA), Puerto Rico (PR), Rhode Island (RI), South Carolina (SC), South Dakota (SD), Tennessee (TN), Texas (TX), Utah (UT), Vermont (VT), Virginia (VA), Washington (WA), West Virginia (WV), Wisconsin (WI), Wyoming (WY).
USA state and territory noxious weeds: -- Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande: USA state noxious weed: AL●, CT●, MA●, MN●, NH●, OR●, VT●, WA●. -- Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.: USA state noxious weed: CT°, IN°, ME°, MI●°, NH°, WI°. -- Berteroa incana (L.) DC.: USA state noxious weed: MI●°, MN°, WA●, WI°. -- Brassica arvensis (L.) Rabenh. (=Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis): USA state noxious weed: IN°, MA°, MN°, NE°, OH°, SD°, WV°. -- Brassica campestris L. (=Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham): USA state noxious weed: IL°, NE°. -- Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.: USA state noxious weed: AK°, CO°, IA°, IL°, MA°, MI●°, NE°, PA°, SD°, WA°, WI°, WV°. -- Brassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler (=Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis): USA state noxious weed: AK°, CO°, IL°, MA°, NV°, OH°. -- Brassica kaber var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L. C. Wheeler (=Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis): USA state noxious weed: IA●, OH●. -- Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch: USA state noxious weed: CO°, IA°, IL°, MA°, MI●°, NE°, PA°, SD°, WA°. -- Brassica spp.: USA state noxious weed: AL°, AZ°, CT°, FL°, GA°, KS°, LA°, ME°, MS°, NC°, NE°, NH°, OK°, RI°, SC°, TN°, TX°, VA°, VT°. -- Brassica tournefortii Gouan: USA state noxious weed: NV●.-- Cardamine impatiens L.: USA state noxious weed: CT●, MA●.-- Cardaria chalepensis (L.) Hand.-Mazz. (=Lepidium chalepense L.): USA state noxious weed: AZ●, CA●°, NV°, OR●. -- Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. (=Lepidium draba L.): USA state noxious weed: AK●°, AZ●, CA●°, CO●°, HI°, IA°, ID●, IL°, MI●°, MO°, MT●°, ND°, NE°, NM●°, NV●°, OH°, OK°, OR°, SD●°, WA●°, WY●°. -- Cardaria draba subsp. chalepensis (L.) O. E. Schulz (=Lepidium chalepense L.): USA state noxious weed: NE°. -- Cardaria draba subsp. draba (=Lepidium draba L.): USA state noxious weed: ID°. -- Cardaria draba var. repens (Schrenk) O. E. Schulz (=Lepidium chalepense L.): USA state noxious weed: AZ°. -- Cardaria pubescens (C. A. Mey.) Jarm. (=Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz): USA state noxious weed: AK●°, AZ●°, CA●°, CO°, HI●°, ND°, NM°, NV°, OH°, OR●°, WA°, WY●. -- Cardaria spp. (=Lepidium spp.): USA state noxious weed: UT●°. -- Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC.: USA state noxious weed: CA●°, WY°. -- Cleome viscosa L.: USA state noxious weed: PR●. -- Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch. (=Lepidium coronopius (L.) Al-Shehbaz): USA state noxious weed: AZ●, CA●. -- Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton: USA state noxious weed: WY°. -- Erysimum spp.: USA state noxious weed: KS°. -- Hesperis matronalis L.: USA state noxious weed: CO●°, CT●, MA●. -- Isatis tinctoria L.: USA state noxious weed: CA●, CO●°, ID●°, MT●°, NM●, NV●, OR●°, UT●°, WA●°, WY●°. -- Lepidium campestre (L.) W. T. Aiton: USA state noxious weed: IN°, WV°. -- Lepidium draba L.: USA state noxious weed: IN°, KS●°, MN°. -- Lepidium latifolium L.: USA state noxious weed: AK●°, CA●°, CO●°, HI●°, ID●°, MA●, MT●, NM●, NV●, OR●°, SD●, UT●°, WA●°, WY●°. -- Lepidium repens (Schrenk) Boiss. (=Lepidium chalepense L.): USA state noxious weed: ND°. -- Raphanus raphanistrum L.: USA state noxious weed: AK°, CT°, FL°, GA°, MA°, ME°, MI°, MN°, MS°, NC°, NH°, RI°, SC°, TX°, VT°, WA°, WI°. -- Raphanus spp.: USA state noxious weed: AL°, VA°. -- Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.: USA state noxious weed: TX°. -- Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser: USA state noxious weed: MA●.-- Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser: USA state noxious weed: AK●°, AZ●, CA●°, HI°, ID°, NV●°, OR°, WA●°. -- Rorippa microphylla (Boenn. ex Rchb.) Hyl. ex A. Löve & D. Löve (=Nasturtium microphyllum Boenn. ex Rchb.): USA state noxious weed: CTª.-- Rorippa masturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek (=Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton): USA state noxious weed: CTª.-- Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser: USA state noxious weed: CA●, NC●, OR●. -- Sinapis arvensis L.: USA state noxious weed: CO°, IA°, KS°, MI●°, PA°, VA°, WI°. -- Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis: USA state noxious weed: WA°. -- Sinapis spp.: USA state noxious weed: TX°. -- Thlaspi arvense L.: USA state noxious weed: IN°, KS°, MI°, MN°, NE°, NV°, OH°, SD°, WA°. -- Symbols: ªaquatic weed; ●terrestrial weed; °weed in seed. -- Last updated September 2008.
Listed seeds
ASOA listed seeds, ISTA listed seeds.
ASOA listed seeds: -- Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. -- Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam. = Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. -- Alyssum minus auct. = Alyssum simplex Rudolphi -- Alyssum petraeum subsp. grandiflora = Aurinia petraea (Ard.) Schur -- Alyssum saxatile L. = Aurinia saxatilis subsp. saxatils (L.) Desv. -- Alyssum simplex Rudolphi -- Alyssum L. spp. -- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. -- Arabis alpina L. -- Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. = Turritis glabra L. -- Arabis rigidissima var. demota Rollins = Boechera rigidissima (Rollins) Al-Shehbaz -- Arabis L. spp. -- Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. -- Aurinia petraea (Ard.) Schur -- Aurinia saxatilis subsp. saxatilis (L.) Desv. -- Barbarea W. T. Aiton spp. -- Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. -- Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. -- Berteroa incana (L.) DC. -- Boechera rigidissima (Rollins) Al-Shehbaz -- Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey = Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil -- Brassica arvensis (L.) Rabenh. = Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis L. -- Brassica campestris L. = Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham -- Brassica chinensis L. = Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt -- Brassica hirta Moench = Sinapis alba subsp. alba L. -- Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. -- Brassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler = Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis L. -- Brassica napus var. annua W. D. J. Koch = Brassica napus var. napus L. -- Brassica napus var. biennis (Schubl. & G. Martens) Rchb. = Brassica napus var. napus L. -- Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb. -- Brassica napus var. napus L. -- Brassica napus var. pabularia (DC.) Rchb. -- Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch -- Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil -- Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC., pro parte = Brassica oleracea var. viridis L. -- Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. -- Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. -- Brassica oleracea var. costata DC. -- Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenker -- Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L. -- Brassica oleracea var. tronchuda L. H. Bailey = Brassica oleracea var. costata DC. -- Brassica oleracea var. viridis L. -- Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. = Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt -- Brassica perviridis (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey = Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey -- Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham -- Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt -- Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt -- Brassica rapa subsp. rapa L. -- Brassica rapa subsp. sarson (Prain) Denford = Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt -- Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt -- Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey -- Brassica rapa var. silvestris (Lam.) Briggs = Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham -- Brassica tournefortii Gouan -- Bunias orientalis L. -- Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. -- Camelina parodii Ibarra & La Porte = Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz -- Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz -- Camelina Crantz spp. -- Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. -- Cardamine L. spp. -- Cardaria chalepensis (L.) Hand.-Mazz. = Lepidium draba subsp. chalepense (L.) Thell. -- Cardaria draba subsp. chalepensis (L.) O. E. Schulz = Lepidium draba subsp. chalepense (L.) Thell. -- Cardaria draba subsp. draba (L.) Desv. = Lepidium draba subsp. draba L. -- Cardaria pubescens (C. A. Mey.) Jarm. = Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz -- Cardaria repens (Schrenk) Jarm. = Lepidium draba subsp. chalepense (L.) Thell. -- Cardaria Desv. spp. = Lepidium L. spp. -- Cheiranthus × allionii hort. = Erysimum × marshallii (Henfr.) Bois -- Cheiranthus cheiri L. = Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz -- Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. -- Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. -- Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. = Lepidium didymum L. -- Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch. = Lepidium squamatum Forssk. -- Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R. E. Fr. -- Crambe maritima L. -- Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton -- Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl -- Diplotaxis DC. spp. -- Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. -- Draba verna L. -- Eruca sativa Mill. -- Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. = Eruca sativa Mill. -- Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O. E. Schulz -- Erysimum × allionii hort., nom. illeg. = Erysimum × marshallii (Henfr.) Bois -- Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. -- Erysimum cheiranthoides L. -- Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz -- Erysimum hieraciifolium L. -- Erysimum inconspicuum var. inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMill. -- Erysimum × marshallii (Henfr.) Bois -- Erysimum parviflorum Nutt., nom. illeg. = Erysimum inconspicuum var. inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMill. -- Erysimum repandum L. -- Erysimum L. spp. -- Hesperis matronalis L. -- Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. -- Hymenophysa pubescens C. A. Mey. = Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz -- Iberis amara L. -- Iberis gibraltarica L. -- Iberis sempervirens L. -- Iberis umbellata L. -- Isatis tinctoria L. -- Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz -- Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. -- Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. -- Lepidium didymum L. -- Lepidium draba subsp. chalepense (L.) Thell. -- Lepidium draba subsp. draba L. -- Lepidium heterophyllum Benth. -- Lepidium latifolium L. -- Lepidium nitidum Nutt. -- Lepidium perfoliatum L. -- Lepidium repens (Schrenk) Boiss. = Lepidium draba subsp. chalepense (L.) Thell. -- Lepidium sativum L. -- Lepidium L. spp. -- Lepidium squamatum Forssk. -- Lepidium virginicum L. -- Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. -- Lunaria annua L. -- Malcolmia maritima (L.) R. Br. -- Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. -- Matthiola longipetala subsp. bicornis (Sm.) P. W. Ball -- Matthiola bicornis (Sm.) DC. = Matthiola longipetala subsp. bicornis (Sm.) P. W. Ball -- Nasturtium officinale R. Br. -- Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. -- Raphanus raphanistrum L. -- Raphanus sativus L. -- Raphanus L. spp. -- Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. -- Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser -- Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek = Nasturtium officinale R. Br. -- Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser -- Rorippa Scop. spp. -- Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser -- Sinapis alba subsp. alba L. -- Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis L. -- Sisymbrium altissimum L. -- Sisymbrium irio L. -- Sisymbrium loeselii L. -- Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. -- Sisymbrium thellungii O. E. Schulz -- Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton -- Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) R. Br. -- Thlaspi arvense L. -- Turritis glabra L. -- Last updated September 2008.
ISTA listed seeds: -- Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L.w -- Alyssum argenteum All.f -- Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam. = Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. -- Alyssum montanum L.f -- Alyssum saxatile L. = Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv.f -- Arabis alpina L.f -- Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica (Willd.) Briq. = Arabis caucasica Willd. -- Arabis × arendsii H. R. Wehrh.f -- Arabis blepharophylla Hook. & Arn.f -- Arabis caucasica Willd. f -- Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit.f -- Arabis scopoliana Boiss.f -- Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn. et al. -- Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC.f -- Aubrieta graeca Griseb. included in Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC.f -- Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv.f -- Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.w -- Berteroa incana (L.) DC.w -- Brassica campestris L. included in Brassica rapa L.a -- Brassica chinensis L. included in Brassica rapa L.a -- Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.a -- Brassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler = Sinapis arvensis L. -- Brassica napus L.a -- Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Kocha -- Brassica oleracea L.a -- Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. included in Brassica rapa L.a -- Brassica perviridis (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey included in Brassica rapa L.a -- Brassica rapa L.a -- Brassica tournefortii Gouanw -- Camelina sativa (L.) Crantza -- Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.w -- Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. = Lepidium draba L.-- Cardaria pubescens (C. A. Mey.) Jarm. = Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz-- Cheiranthus × allionii hort. = Erysimum × marshallii (Henfr.) Bois -- Cheiranthus cheiri L. = Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz-- Cheiranthus maritimus L. = Malcolmia maritima (L.) R. Br. -- Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC.w -- Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R. E. Fr. -- Crambe maritima L. -- Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC.-- Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.w -- Diplotaxis viminea (L.) DC.-- Eruca sativa Mill.a -- Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O. E. Schulzw -- Erysimum × allionii hort., non Kuntze = Erysimum × marshallii (Henfr.) Bois -- Erysimum cheiranthoides L.w -- Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantzf-- Erysimum diffusum Ehrh. -- Erysimum × marshallii (Henfr.) Boisf -- Hesperis matronalis L.f -- Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss.w -- Iberis amara L.f -- Iberis gibraltarica L.f -- Iberis sempervirens L.f -- Iberis umbellata L.f -- Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz-- Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br.w -- Lepidium draba L.w -- Lepidium latifolium L.w -- Lepidium sativum L.a -- Lepidium virginicum L.w -- Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.f -- Lunaria annua L. f -- Malcolmia maritima (L.) R. Br. f -- Matthiola bicornis (Sm.) DC. included in Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. -- Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br.f -- Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC.f -- Myagrum perfoliatum L.w -- Nasturtium officinale R. Br.a -- Raphanus raphanistrum L.w -- Raphanus sativus L.a -- Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.-- Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besserw -- Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek = Nasturtium officinale R. Br. -- Sinapis alba L.a -- Sinapis arvensis L.w -- Sisymbrium altissimum L.w -- Sisymbrium loeselii L.w -- Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.w -- Sisymbrium volgense M. Bieb. ex E. Fourn.w -- Thlaspi arvense L.w -- Symbols: aagricultural and vegetable seeds (Table 2A Part 1); ttree and shrub species (Table 2A Part 2); fflower, spice, herb, and medicinal seeds (Table 2A Part 3); wweed seeds. -- Last updated September 2008.
Accepted genera
Acanthocardamum Thell. -- Aethionema R. Br. -- Agallis Phil. -- Alliaria Heist. ex Fabr. -- Alyssoides Mill. -- Alyssopsis Boiss. -- Alyssum L. -- Ammosperma Hook. f. -- Anastatica L. -- Anchonium DC. -- Andrzeiowskia Rchb. -- Anelsonia J. F. Macbr. & Payson -- Aphragmus Andrz. ex DC. -- Aplanodes Marais -- Arabidella (F. Muell.) O. E. Schulz -- Arabidopsis Heynh., nom. cons. -- Arabis L. -- Arcyosperma O. E. Schulz -- Armoracia P. Gaertn. et al., nom. cons. -- Aschersoniodoxa Gilg & Muschl. -- Asperuginoides Rauschert -- Asta Klotzsch ex O. E. Schulz -- Atelanthera Hook. f. & Thomson -- Athysanus Greene -- Aubrieta Adans. -- Aurinia Desv. -- Baimashania Al-Shehbaz -- Ballantinia Hook. f. ex E. A. Shaw -- Barbarea W. T. Aiton, nom. cons. -- Beringia R. A. Price et al. -- Berteroa DC. -- Berteroella O. E. Schulz -- Biscutella L., nom. cons. prop. -- Bivonaea DC., nom. cons. -- Blennodia R. Br. -- Boleum Desv. -- Boreava Jaub. & Spach -- Bornmuellera Hausskn. -- Borodinia N. Busch -- Botschantzevia Nabiev -- Brachycarpaea DC. -- Brassica L. -- Braya Sternb. & Hoppe -- Brayopsis Gilg & Muschl. -- Brossardia Boiss. -- Bunias L. -- Cakile Mill. -- Calepina Adans. -- Calymmatium O. E. Schulz -- Camelina Crantz -- Camelinopsis A. G. Mill. -- Capsella Medik., nom. cons. -- Cardamine L. -- Cardaminopsis (C. A. Mey.) Hayek -- Carinavalva Ising -- Carrichtera DC., nom. cons. -- Catadysia O. E. Schulz -- Catenulina Soják -- Caulanthus S. Watson -- Caulostramina Rollins -- Ceratocnemum Coss. & Balansa -- Ceriosperma (O. E. Schulz) Greuter & Burdet -- Chalcanthus Boiss. -- Chamira Thunb. -- Chartoloma Bunge -- Cheesemania O. E. Schulz -- Chlorocrambe Rydb. -- Chorispora R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. -- Christolea Cambess. -- Chrysobraya H. Hara -- Chrysochamela (Fenzl) Boiss. -- Cithareloma Bunge -- Clastopus Bunge ex Boiss. -- Clausia Korn.-Trotzky ex Hayek -- Clypeola L. -- Cochlearia L. -- Cochleariella Y. H. Zhang & Vogt -- Coelonema Maxim. -- Coincya Rouy -- Coluteocarpus Boiss. -- Conringia Heist. ex Fabr. -- Cordylocarpus Desf. -- Crambe L. -- Crambella Maire -- Cremolobus DC. -- Cryptospora Kar. & Kir. -- Cuphonotus O. E. Schulz -- Cusickiella Rollins -- Cycloptychis E. Mey. ex Sond. -- Cymatocarpus O. E. Schulz -- Cyphocardamum Hedge -- Dactylocardamum Al-Shehbaz -- Degenia Hayek -- Delpinophytum Speg. -- Descurainia Webb & Berthel., nom. cons. -- Desideria Pamp. -- Diceratella Boiss. -- Dichasianthus Ovcz. & Yunusov -- Dictyophragmus O. E. Schulz -- Didesmus Desv. -- Didymophysa Boiss. -- Dielsiocharis O. E. Schulz -- Dilophia Thomson -- Dimorphocarpa Rollins -- Diplotaxis DC. -- Dipoma Franch. -- Diptychocarpus Trautv. -- Dithyrea Harv. -- Dolichorhynchus Hedge & Kit Tan -- Dontostemon Andrz. ex C. A. Mey., nom. cons. -- Douepea Cambess. -- Draba L., nom. cons. prop. -- Drabastrum (F. Muell.) O. E. Schulz -- Drabopsis K. Koch -- Dryopetalon A. Gray -- Eigia Soják -- Elburzia Hedge -- Enarthrocarpus Labill. -- Englerocharis Muschl. -- Eremobium Boiss. -- Eremoblastus Botsch. -- Eremodraba O. E. Schulz -- Eremophyton Bég. -- Ermania Cham. -- Eruca Mill. -- Erucaria Gaertn. -- Erucastrum C. Presl -- Erysimum L. -- Euclidium W. T. Aiton, nom. cons. -- Eudema Bonpl. -- Eurycarpus Botsch. -- Eutrema R. Br. -- Euzomodendron Coss. -- Farsetia Turra -- Fezia Pit. -- Fibigia Medik. -- Foleyola Maire -- Fortuynia Shuttlew. ex Boiss. -- Galitzkya V. V. Botschantz. -- Geococcus J. Drumm. ex Harv. -- Glaribraya H. Hara -- Glastaria Boiss. -- Glaucocarpum Rollins -- Goldbachia DC., nom. cons. -- Gorodkovia Botsch. & Karav. -- Graellsia Boiss. -- Grammosperma O. E. Schulz -- Guiraoa Coss. -- Gynophorea Gilli -- Halimolobos Tausch -- Harmsiodoxa O. E. Schulz -- Hedinia Ostenf. -- Heldreichia Boiss. -- Heliophila L. -- Hemicrambe Webb -- Hemilophia Franch. -- Henophyton Coss. & Durieu -- Hesperis L. -- Heterodraba Greene -- Hirschfeldia Moench -- Hollermayera O. E. Schulz -- Hornungia Rchb. -- Horwoodia Turrill -- Hugueninia Rchb. -- Iberis L. -- Idahoa A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr. -- Iodanthus (Torr. & A. Gray) Rchb. -- Ionopsidium Rchb. -- Irenepharsus Hewson -- Isatis L. -- Ischnocarpus O. E. Schulz -- Iskandera N. Busch -- Iti Garn.-Jones & P. N. Johnson -- Ivania O. E. Schulz -- Kernera Medik., nom. cons. -- Kremeriella Maire -- Lachnocapsa Balf. f. -- Lachnoloma Bunge -- Leavenworthia Torr. -- Lepidium L. -- Lepidostemon Hook. f. & Thomson, nom. cons. -- Leptaleum DC. -- Lesquerella S. Watson -- Lignariella Baehni -- Lithodraba Boelcke -- Lobularia Desv., nom. cons. -- Lonchophora Durieu -- Loxostemon Hook. f. & Thomson -- Lunaria L. -- Lycocarpus O. E. Schulz -- Lyrocarpa Hook. & Harv. -- Macropodium R. Br. -- Malcolmia W. T. Aiton, nom. cons. -- Mancoa Wedd., nom. cons. -- Maresia Pomel -- Mathewsia Hook. & Arn. -- Matthiola W. T. Aiton, nom. cons. -- Megacarpaea DC. -- Megadenia Maxim. -- Menkea Lehm. -- Menonvillea DC. -- Microlepidium F. Muell. -- Microsisymbrium O. E. Schulz -- Microstigma Trautv. -- Morettia DC. -- Moricandia DC. -- Moriera Boiss. -- Morisia J. Gay -- Murbeckiella Rothm. -- Muricaria Desv. -- Myagrum L. -- Nasturtiopsis Boiss. -- Nasturtium W. T. Aiton, nom. cons. -- Neomartinella Pilg. -- Neotchihatchewia Rauschert -- Neotorularia Hedge & J. Léonard -- Nerisyrenia Greene -- Neslia Desv., nom. cons. -- Neuontobotrys O. E. Schulz -- Notoceras R. Br. -- Notothlaspi Hook. f. -- Ochthodium DC. -- Octoceras Bunge -- Olimarabidopsis Al-Shehbaz et al. -- Onuris Phil. -- Oreoloma Botsch. -- Oreophyton O. E. Schulz -- Ornithocarpa Rose -- Orychophragmus Bunge -- Otocarpus Durieu -- Pachycladon Hook. f. -- Pachymitus O. E. Schulz -- Pachyphragma (DC.) Rchb. -- Pachypterygium Bunge -- Parlatoria Boiss. -- Parodiodoxa O. E. Schulz -- Parolinia Webb -- Parrya R. Br. -- Parryodes Jafri -- Paysonia O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz -- Pegaeophyton Hayek & Hand.-Mazz. -- Peltaria Jacq. -- Peltariopsis (Boiss.) N. Busch -- Pennellia Nieuwl. -- Petiniotia J. Léonard -- Petrocallis R. Br. -- Phaeonychium O. E. Schulz -- Phlebolobium O. E. Schulz -- Phlegmatospermum O. E. Schulz -- Phoenicaulis Nutt. -- Physaria (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray -- Physocardamum Hedge -- Physoptychis Boiss. -- Physorhynchus Hook. -- Platycraspedum O. E. Schulz -- Polyctenium Greene -- Polypsecadium O. E. Schulz -- Pringlea T. Anderson ex Hook. f. -- Prionotrichon Botsch. & Vved. -- Pseuderucaria (Boiss.) O. E. Schulz -- Pseudocamelina (Boiss.) N. Busch -- Pseudoclausia Popov -- Pseudofortuynia Hedge -- Pseudovesicaria (Boiss.) Rupr. -- Psychine Desf. -- Pterygiosperma O. E. Schulz -- Pterygostemon V. V. Botschantz. -- Pugionium Gaertn. -- Pycnoplinthopsis Jafri -- Pycnoplinthus O. E. Schulz -- Quezeliantha H. Scholz -- Raffenaldia Godr. -- Raphanorhyncha Rollins -- Raphanus L. -- Rapistrum Crantz, nom. cons. -- Reboudia Coss. & Durieu -- Redowskia Cham. & Schltdl. -- Rhizobotrya Tausch -- Ricotia L., nom. cons. -- Robeschia Hochst. ex O. E. Schulz -- Rollinsia Al-Shehbaz -- Romanschulzia O. E. Schulz -- Roripella (Maire) Greuter & Burdet -- Rorippa Scop. -- Rytidocarpus Coss. -- Sameraria Desv. -- Sarcodraba Gilg & Muschl. -- Savignya DC. -- Scambopus O. E. Schulz -- Schimpera Hochst. & Steud. ex Endl. -- Schivereckia Andrz. ex DC. -- Schizopetalon Sims -- Schlechteria Bolus ex Schltr. -- Schoenocrambe Greene -- Schouwia DC., nom. cons. -- Scoliaxon Payson -- Selenia Nutt. -- Sibara Greene -- Sibaropsis S. D. Boyd & T. S. Ross -- Silicularia Compton -- Sinapidendron Lowe -- Sinapis L. -- Sinosophiopsis Al-Shehbaz -- Sisymbrella Spach -- Sisymbriopsis Botsch. & Tzvelev -- Sisymbrium L., nom. cons. prop. -- Smelowskia C. A. Mey. -- Sobolewskia M. Bieb. -- Solms-laubachia Muschl. -- Sophiopsis O. E. Schulz -- Sphaerocardamum S. Schauer -- Spirorhynchus Kar. & Kir. -- Spryginia Popov -- Stanfordia S. Watson -- Stanleya Nutt. -- Stenopetalum R. Br. ex DC. -- Sterigmostemum M. Bieb. -- Stevenia Adams ex Fisch. -- Straussiella Hausskn. -- Streptanthella Rydb. -- Streptanthus Nutt. -- Streptoloma Bunge -- Stubendorffia Schrenk ex Fisch. et al. -- Subularia L. -- Succowia Medik. -- Synstemon Botsch. -- Synthlipsis A. Gray -- Taphrospermum C. A. Mey. -- Tauscheria Fisch. ex DC. -- Teesdalia R. Br. -- Teesdaliopsis (Willk.) Rothm. -- Tetracme Bunge -- Thellungiella O. E. Schulz -- Thelypodiopsis Rydb. -- Thelypodium Endl. -- Thlaspeocarpa C. A. Sm. -- Thlaspi L. -- Thysanocarpus Hook. -- Trachystoma O. E. Schulz -- Trichotolinum O. E. Schulz -- Trochiscus O. E. Schulz -- Tropidocarpum Hook. -- Turritis L. -- Twisselmannia Al-Shehbaz -- Vella L. -- Veselskya Opiz -- Warea Nutt. -- Wasabia Matsum. -- Weberbauera Gilg & Muschl. -- Werdermannia O. E. Schulz -- Winklera Regel -- Xerodraba Skottsb. -- Yinshania Ma & Z. Y. Zhao -- Zerdana Boiss. -- Zilla Forssk. --
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 446. Garnock-Jones, P.J. 1991. Seed morphology and anatomy of the New Zealand genera Cheesemania, Ischnocarpus, Iti, Notothlaspi, and Pachycladon (Brassicaceae). New Zealand J. Bot. 29:71–82; Murley, M.R. 1951. Seeds of the Cruciferae of Northwestern North America. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 46:1–81; Rollins, R.C. 1993. Cruciferae of continential North America. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California; Vaughan, J.G. & J.M. Whitehouse. 1971. Seed structure and the taxonomy of the Cruciferae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64:383–409.
General references
Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Engler, A. and K. Prantl. 1924 and onward. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilimien. W. Engelman, Leipzig, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R. and C.A. Ritchie. 1988. Identification of disseminules listed in the Federal Noxious Weed Act. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1719:1–313, Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, LeMaout, E. and J. Decaisne. 1876. A general system of botany, 1,065 p. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Martin, A.C. 1946. The comparative internal morphology of seeds. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 36:513–660, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182, Wood, C.E., Jr. 1974. A student's atlas of flowering plants: Some dicotyledons of eastern North America, 120 pp. Harper and Row, New York.
Illustrations
Acceptable fruit and seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or fruit, or seed, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Gunn & Ritchie, LeMaout & Decaisne, Wood, Jr., Rollins (1993), Murley (1951). Fruit illustration(s): Gunn & Ritchie. Seed illustration(s): Gunn & Ritchie, LeMaout & Decaisne, Garnock-Jones (1991), Wood, Jr., Rollins (1993), Murley (1951). Embryo illustration(s): Gunn & Ritchie, LeMaout & Decaisne, Wood, Jr.
• Fruit. 1 of 27. Alyssum strictum Willd.: fruits. • Seed. 2 of 27. Alyssum strictum Willd.: seeds. • Fruit. 3 of 27. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.: fruits. • Seed. 4 of 27. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.: seed. • Fruit. 5 of 27. Boreava orientalis Jaub. & Spach: fruit. • Seed. 6 of 27. Boreava orientalis Jaub. & Spach: seed. • Seed. 7 of 27. Brassica rapa (L.) A. R. Clapham subsp. campestris: seeds. • Fruit. 8 of 27. Phegmatospermum cochlearinum (F. Muell.) O. Schulz: fruits dehisced and entire. • Seed. 9 of 27. Phegmatospermum cochlearinum (F. Muell.) O. Schulz: seeds. • Fruit. 10 of 27. Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray var. lyalii (S. Watson) Nelson & J.F. Macbr.: fruit. • Seed. 11 of 27. Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray var. lyalii (S. Watson) Nelson & J.F. Macbr.: seeds. • Fruit. 12 of 27. Crambe maritima L.: fruit. • Seed. 13 of 27. Crambe maritima L.: seeds. • Fruit. 14 of 27. Eruca sativa Mill.: fruit. • Seed. 15 of 27. Eruca sativa Mill.: seeds. • Fruit. 16 of 27. Myagrum perfoliatum L.: fruit. • Seed. 17 of 27. Myagrum perfoliatum L.: seeds. • Fruit. 18 of 27. Thlaspi arvense L.: fruits. • Seed. 19 of 27. Thlaspi arvense L.: seeds. • Embryo. 20 of 27. Biscutella didyma L.: embryo. • Embryo. 21 of 27. Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC.: embryo. • Embryo. 22 of 27. Erucaria hispanica Gaertn.: embryo. • Embryo. 23 of 27. Farsetia stenoptera Hochst.: embryo. • Embryo. 24 of 27. Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss.: embryo. • Embryo. 25 of 27. Biscutella auriculata L. subsp. auriculata: embryo. • Embryo. 26 of 27. Lepidium schinzii Thell.: embryo. • Embryo. 27 of 27. Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
