Flora of Sango Bay and Minziro, two important plant areas on the Uganda/Tanzania

Quentin Luke; Kaj Vollesen; Lenin Festo; Henk Beentje; James Kalema; Sophie L. Richards

The flora of Sango Bay (Uganda) and Minziro (Tanzania) is discussed: these areas comprise the floodplain of a river, with a mixed vegetation influenced by a flat relief and relatively high moisture through regular flooding. Protection is only partial, which is of concern as the sites form an area of high biodiversity with high conservation value, and several rare and/or (near-)endemic plant species. Both areas are proposed as Important Plant Areas, and a checklist of plant species is provided.

PREPRINT Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Flora of Sango Bay and Minziro, two important plant areas on the Uganda/Tanzania Quentin Luke, Kaj Vollesen, Lenin Festo, Henk Beentje, James Kalema, Sophie L. Richards Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Flora of Sango Bay and Minziro, two important plant areas on the Uganda/Tanzania border Quentin Luke1, Lenin Festo2, Kaj Vollesen3, James Kalema4†, Sophie Richards3 & Henk Beentje3 † Corresponding author: James Kalema (jamskalema@yahoo.com) 1 East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya; quentinluke1@gmail.com 2 Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS), Mpingo House, PO Box 40832, DareEs Salaam, Tanzania; festolenin8@gmail.com 3 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK; k.vollesen@kew.org 4 Makerere University Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, PO Box 7062, Kampala Uganda Running head: Flora of Sango Bay and Minziro forests Abstract The flora of Sango Bay (Uganda) and Minziro (Tanzania) is discussed: these areas comprise the floodplain of a river, with a mixed vegetation influenced by a flat relief and relatively high moisture through regular flooding. Protection is only partial, which is of concern as the sites form an area of high biodiversity with high conservation value, and several rare and/or (near-)endemic plant species. Both areas are proposed as Important Plant Areas, and a checklist of plant species is provided. Keywords: checklist, conservation, diversity, forest, floodplain Introduction Sango Bay in SE Uganda and Minziro in NW Tanzania straddle the two countries' border west of Lake Victoria (Fig. 1). The whole of Sango Bay-Minziro area is covered within the geographical coordinates 0°47.5'-1°09'S and 31°24.6'-31°42.4'E. It is an area of high diversity and of interest to conservation due to this diversity and to the occurrence of several (near-)endemic plant species. We provide a general description of the area, notes on protection, threats and conservation efforts; we propose both these sites as Important Plant Areas in the sense of Darbyshire et al. (2017), and we provide a checklist of all plant species of the area, based on existing literature and extensive fieldwork carried out by some of the authors. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Altitude and climate The Sango Bay-Minziro area is a generally flat, the floodplain of the Kagera River, with a vegetation of wetlands, grassland and forests. The altitude ranges from 1130 to 1160 m above sea level. The area receives a bimodal rainfall with peaks of short rains between September and December and long heavy rains between March and May. The mean annual rainfall is estimated to be between 1,200 and 2,000 mm. Temperatures range between 15°C and 28°C, with an average of about 20°C (Tetra Tech 2016, URT 2017). Fig. 1 Geology and soils Sango Bay-Minziro occurs on alluvial deposits at the mouth of the Kagera River (FAO 2001), with outcrops of metasedimentary rocks. The soil is formed by layers of sediments resulted from erosion of Karagwe-Ankolean rocks during Precambrian times. The thick layers of sedimentary rock consist of argillaceous sandstone and fined grained, indurated sandy shales. Hydrology 1 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 The grassland is seasonally flooded, and the forest is swamp forest; both these systems are fed principally by the Kagera, Bukora, Kibale and Kisoma Rivers. During the dry season both grassland and forest maintain a steady water discharge to Lake Victoria; they act as a buffer for this whole floodplain area, and incidentally trap sediments from the surrounding catchment (Anonymous 2020). Vegetation and flora Sango Bay-Minziro occupies mostly flat land and was described on the Uganda side by LangdaleBrown et al. (1964) as Baikiaea-Podocarpus seasonally flooded swamp forest. This is by now predominantly a secondary forest (Fig. 2), having been logged for many decades. Other vegetation types are extensive seasonal floodplain grasslands and permanent riverine and lakeshore papyrus wetlands. Small rocky outcrops occur in Minziro. The entire ecosystem is principally a groundwater-forest and grassland complex, which is influenced by the Kagera River system. At least 244 species of trees and shrubs were reported to occur in Sango Bay by Davenport and Howard (1996); our study found 246 species of tree and 236 species of shrub, as well as 616 species of herbs (of which 56 epiphytic), 69 climbers, 19 lianas and 57 ferns. Dominant species include the Guinea-Congolian Baikiaea insignis and the gymnosperms Afrocarpus dawei and Podocarpus latifolius; to a lesser extent Parinari excelsa, Trichocladus ellipticus, Klainedoxa gabonensis, Apodytes dimidiata, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Pycnanthus angolensis, Warburgia ugandensis, Syzygium guineense, Mimusops bagshawei and Symphonia globulifera (Tetra Tech 2016, URT 2017, Kalema and Hamilton 2020). Fig, 2 Protection status Sango Bay in Uganda is composed of five Central Forest Reserves situated on the shores of Lake Victoria in Rakai district of southern Uganda, lying about 30 km south of Kyotera Town. The two southernmost blocks (Kaiso of 19 km2 and Malabigambo of 111 km2) are contiguous with the Minziro Forest of north-western Tanzania. The three northern reserves are Namalala (24 km2), Tero East (11 km2) and Tero West (27 km2) Central Forest Reserves. In total, they cover 192 km2 (Galabuzi et al. 2016). The adjoining Minziro forest in Tanzania was originally gazetted as a Forest Reserve in 1947 but made a Nature Forest Reserve in 2016. It is the largest forested area in northwest Tanzania covering 257.2 km2 (Tanzania Forest Conservation Group 2017). It is located within Missenyi District in the northern part of Kagera Region (Nkya et al. 2014, Tetra Tech 2016, URT 2017). Threats On the Tanzanian side alone, the total human population of the villages surrounding Minziro is at least 37,500 (URT 2017). The communities around Sango Bay-Minziro are essentially subsistence farmers and pastoralists (Bakamwesiga et al. 2000, Nkya et al. 2014). There is encroachment on lake shores for farming activities, with 30% of the households in the Minziro area depending on wetlands for crop farming (Tetra Tech 2016). There is also grazing and uncontrolled burning of the grassland for improved grazing pasture, extensive illegal tree logging for timber (URT 2017). At least 94% of the people within the whole area use firewood and charcoal for cooking and lighting (Fig. 3) and the demand for fuel wood is increasing (Tetra Tech 2016). Particularly targeted are valuable tree species such as Podocarpus, Beilschmiedia ugandensis and Baikiaea insignis most of which have now been extracted due to a high demand in Tanzania and Uganda (Baker 2001, Tetra Tech 2016). Species composition and structure have consequently been altered. In Sango Bay, some of the land got converted by influential personalities to freehold without following the due degazettement procedures (CARE International 2018). The invasive Lant ana camara is reported from the grassland areas while Pinus caribaea is also mentioned as invasive in Minziro (URT 2017). From 2013-2016 the area was the site of a resettlement camp, accommodating over 5,000 people expelled from Tanzania. Sango Bay Estates Limited is the 5th largest sugar manufacturer in Uganda, occupying some 65,000 hectares or 250 square miles. 2 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Fig. 3 Conservation value Located in the Lake Victoria Regional Mosaic (White 1983), the Sango Bay-Minziro forests represent an important trans-boundary ecosystem shared by Uganda and Tanzania, between the East and West African vegetation zones. The area is postulated to be a minor Pleistocene forest refugium of the last ice age. The forest ecosystem supports unusual flora containing near-endemic tree species such as Afrocarpus dawei. Lying at the easternmost edge of the Guinea-Congolian Regional Centre of Endemism lowland forests (BirdLife International 2022), it has some biodiversity affinities with such forests. The biodiversity provides ecosystem services for livelihoods of surrounding local communities from water use (Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program Coordination Unit, NELSAP-CU 2019), climate regulation, erosion control, storm protection, spiritual and religious, recreation and ecotourism, and tangible goods values (Tetra Tech 2016). Compared with other Ugandan forests, Sango Bay is relatively biodiverse, with species diversity being above average in the top 11-25% for trees and shrubs (Davenport and Howard 1996). Eight of the tree species assessed by Kalema and Beentje (2012) as being of Restricted-Range (not in more than five countries), occur in Sango Bay. These are: Dasylepis eggelingii J.B. Gillett (Achariaceae), Dicranolepis incisa A. Robyns (Thymelaeceae), Grewia rugosifilia De Willd. (Malvaceae), Baphia wollastonii Baker f. (Fabaceae), Pseudagrostistachys ugandensis (Hutch.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiaceae), Afrocarpus dawei (Stapf) C. N. Page (Podocarpaceae), Rytigynia acuminatissima (K. Schum.) Robyns (Rubiaceae), Rinorea tschingandaensis Taton (Violaceae) all of which, except the first two, are also known from Minziro forest. In the current study we looked at IUCN Red List assessments for the species recorded in the study area, and found that so far 31 % of the species on our checklist have been assessed. Of these, 94 % (375 species) come out as "Least Concern", which is normal for our area, as it is an ecoregion called Victoria Basin forest–grassland mosaic (Burgess et al. 2004) where influences from Central, West and East Africa mingle. Other forms of biodiversity of significance reported are birds, with 417 species (41% of Uganda’s total) recorded from Sango Bay (Byaruhanga et al. 2001). Birds known from the Sango-Minziro area include Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) which is Endangered, the Shoebill (Balaeniceps rex), Blue Swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea) and Papyrus Yellow Warbler (Calamonastides gracilirostris) are all Vulnerable, and the Papyrus Gonolek (Laniarius mufumbiri) is Near-Threatened. Baker (2001) reports that Minziro Nature Forest Reserve is the only forest in Tanzania where significant numbers of GuineaCongo biome restricted bird species have been recorded. The very first record of the Little Green Sunbird (Anthreptes seimundi) for Tanzania was from Minziro Forest Reserve (Baker 2019). The area provides wintering habitat for a number of migratory birds (URT 2017); over 300,000 Chlidonias leucopterus (White-winged tern) have been recorded in the area, as late as 1994. Squacco heron Ardeola ralloides, Great white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus, Pink-backed pelican Pelecanus rufescens and Blue swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea have been observed in the area (BirdLife International 2020). The African Elephant (Loxodonta africana), classified as Endangered, is also found in the area. Minziro is the only known locality in Tanzania where two primate species, the Thomas’ galago (Galagoides thomasi) and the Grey-cheeked mangabey (Lophocebus albigena), have been recorded (URT 2017); the Mangabey has been assessed as Vulnerable. The whole area was accordingly designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) (Byaruhanga et al, 2001, Tanzania Forest Conservation Group 2017) and a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) (Plumptre et al. 2017, 2018). It was also designated a Ramsar Site (part of the Sango Bay-Musambwa Island-Kagera Wetland System in Uganda) owing to its internationally important wetland habitats (Mafabi et al. 2008). The tribes of Haya in Tanzania and Baganda in Uganda have strong cultural attachment to the forest ecosystem (URT 2017). The biodiversity value of Sango Bay-Minziro and its socio-economic significance is also echoed by Bakamwesiga et al. (2000), Nyakaana (2008), Tetra Tech (2016) and Anonymous (2020). 3 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Important Plant Area status Important Plant Areas (IPAs) are priority sites for plant conservation based upon the presence of threatened taxa, exceptional botanical richness or rare or threatened habitats at a site. Criteria for identifying these sites were first introduced by Plantlife and subsequently revised by Darbyshire et al. (2017). Although IPAs are not legal site designations, they are an effective means for identifying and communicating the most important sites for plant conservation nationally or regionally to conservation actors including policy makers and NGOs. Methods The description of the area is based on literature, but that of vegetation and flora, including the checklist, on a combination of literature, the study of specimens from the following herbaria (abbreviations following Thiers, 2022): EA, K, MHU, NHT, and fieldwork involving three of the authors (Festo, Luke and Vollesen). That there was both scope and need for dedicated fieldwork is attested by the fact that 61 plant species are recorded here for the first time; not just for the area concerned, but for Tanzania as a country. Preliminary assessments for both Minziro and Sango Bay as Important Plant Areas (IPAs) have been undertaken, due to data availability, using the following criteria according to Darbyshire et al. (2017): A(i) Site contains one or more globally Site known, thought or inferred to contain threatened species ±1% of the global population AND/OR ±5% of the national population OR the 5 ‘‘best sites’’ for that species nationally, whichever is most appropriate C(iii) Site contains nationally threatened or restricted habitat/vegetation type, AND/OR habitats that have severely declined in extent nationally Site known, thought or inferred to contain ±10% of the national resource (area) of the threatened habitat type OR site is among the best quality examples required to collectively prioritise up to 20% of the national resource To assess species against criterion A(i) global and national distribution data was obtaining using the Flora of Tropical East Africa (250 volumes, see under Checklist references), the Conservation checklist of the trees of Uganda (Kalema & Beentje 2012), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org 2022) and the African Plant Database (Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève & South African National Biodiversity Institute 2022). Sub-criterion C(iii) was applied using the “Potential National Vegetation Map for Eastern Africa” (van Breugel et al. 2015). As a nationwide analysis of botanical diversity in terms of taxa per habitat, endemic and range restricted taxa or socio-economically important taxa would be required to assess these sites under criterion B, this has not been applied within these preliminary assessments, but should be considered in the future. The flora of Minziro has the potential to trigger an Important Plant Area. Eleven species present at this site have been assessed as threatened on the IUCN Red List, including two Endangered and nine Vulnerable species (Table 1). Of these species, ten meet the required thresholds under sub-criterion A(i) to trigger an IPA. Khaya anthotheca is the only species out of the eleven that does not trigger subcriterion A(i) at this site as it is a widespread species. As the swamp forest at Minziro is a nationally restricted habitat type, with Minziro representing the best example of this habitat type nationally, the site also has the potential to trigger sub-criterion C(iii) of the IPA criteria. Table 1. Plant species with potential to trigger Important Plant Area status in Minziro 4 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Family Taxon Status IPA criterion A Dennstaedtiaceae Menispermaceae Rubiaceae Acanthaceae Amaranthaceae Blotiella trichosora Albertisia exelliana Psychotria bagshawei Thunbergia minziroensis ENDANGERED ENDANGERED ENDANGERED VULNERABLE Psilotrichum majus VULNERABLE A(i) A(i) A(i) A(i) A(i) Apocynaceae Marsdenia magniflora VULNERABLE A(i) Loranthaceae Malvaceae Englerina schubotziana VULNERABLE Grewia rugosifolia VULNERABLE A(i) A(i) Meliaceae Khaya anthotheca VULNERABLE Meliaceae Leplaea cedrata VULNERABLE A(i) Orchidaceae Polystachya stauroglossa VULNERABLE A(i) A(i): ≥ 1% of global pop’n 🗸 🗸 Is 1 of 5 best sites nationally 🗸 🗸 🗸 ≥ 5% of national pop’n 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 Provisional assessment of Sango Bay demonstrates how it could qualify as an Important Plant Area. Sub-criterion A(i) is triggered by five threatened taxa meeting the necessary thresholds at this site, including one Critically Endangered variety, the entire global population of Vangueria volkensii var. fyffei, and one Endangered and three Vulnerable species (Table 2). An additional Vulnerable species, Prunus africana, does not meet any of the A(i) thresholds as it is widespread across sub-Saharan Africa. It should be noted that some of the threatened taxa found on the Minziro side of the forest also likely occur at Sango Bay but have not yet been collected due to less exhaustive survey work at the latter site, therefore the number of A(i) qualifying taxa may well increase in the future. We could also expect some of the threatened taxa only known from the Sango Bay side to also be found in Minziro with further survey work. Similar to the Tanzanian side, swamp forest is a nationally restricted habitat in Uganda, and Sango Bay represents the largest and best quality area of this habitat type nationally. Therefore, Sango Bay would also qualify as an IPA under sub-criterion C(iii). This site will be considered for full IPA assessment within the Uganda Tropical Important Plant Areas project coordinated by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Makerere University. Table 2. Plant species with potential to trigger Important Plant Area status in Sango Bay ≥ 1% of global pop’n 🗸 Family Taxon Status IPA criterion A Rubiaceae CRITICALLY ENDANGERED ENDANGERED A(i) Rubiaceae Vangueria volkensii var. fyffei Rytigynia acuminatissima Achariaceae Dasylepis eggelingii VULNERABLE A(i) Amaranthaceae Psilotrichum majus VULNERABLE A(i) Malvaceae Rosaceae Grewia rugosifolia Prunus africana VULNERABLE VULNERABLE A(i) 🗸 A(i): 🗸 A(i) 🗸 🗸 ≥ 5% national pop’n 🗸 🗸 🗸 🗸 of Is 1 of 5 best sites nationally 🗸 🗸 🗸 The checklist was produced based on a combination of literature and fieldwork; the latter was done by Lenin Festo, Kaj Vollesen, Sally Bidgood and W. Bayona over a period of years in the 1990s for the Minziro area in Tanzania; and by Quentin Luke, Christine Kabuye, Salvator Ntore and Lenin Festo in 2017 for the Sango Bay area in Uganda and Minziro in Tanzania. Herbarium material of 5 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 these field trips was deposited at various herbaria including MHU, NHT and EA, with duplicates at EA, K and BR. QL did most of the identification, using material in these herbaria, as well as relevant volumes of the Flora of tropical East Africa, cited under the respective families. Sixty-one new records of plant species for Tanzania are indicated in the text. Results The checklist In the following checklist the sequence of taxa is within the major division Ferns – Gymnosperms Angiosperms, and then within these groups families are arranged according to Christenhusz et al. (2011) for ferns, and according to APG IV (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016) for flowering plants. With each family the literature references are given that were used to identify the taxa. For each taxon an indication of the life-form and habitat is given, sometimes with a note on how rare or common the taxon was found to be; this is followed by a note on more general geographical distribution. After this occurrence within the study area is specified, with a complete list of voucher specimens or sight records. Abbreviations: Luke SR= Luke et al., sight record. BR = Sango Bay biodiversity report (Davenport & Howard, eds 1996) The checklist presented here contains a total of 1326 taxa (species and infraspecific) of plant, distributed in 140 (20 fern, 1 gymnosperm, 119 Angiosperm) families. These taxa represent 5.88% of the total flora of tropical East Africa. These are nearly all indigenous to East Africa or at least naturalised. A couple of invasive species were also recorded, viz Lantana camara and Mimosa pigra. A total of 17 (near-)endemic species of plant, distributed in 12 familes, have been recorded from the Sango Bay-Minziro forests (Table 3). A sizeable percentage (45.2%) of the flora were herbaceous. Ten species of plant which have been assessed are of conservation concern as Near Threatened; twelve species as Vulnerable, and five Endangered. As more species become assessed by the East African Plant Red Listing Authority, this trend of finding more taxa of concern will probably continue. Table 3. (Near-)endemic taxa of plants recorded from Sango Bay and Minziro forest reserves Family Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Achariaceae Species Justicia sp. A of FTEA Thunbergia minziroensis Vollesen Dasylepis eggelingii J.B. Gillett Asteraceae Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Felicia welwitschii (Hiern) J.Grau Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. subsp. filisquama (M. G. Gilbert) C. Jeffrey Euphorbia dawei N.E. Br. Tragia impedita Prain Tragia insuavis Prain Caesalpinia volkensii Harms Meliaceae Carapa grandiflora Sprague Menispermaceae Cissampelos truncata Engl. Myrtaceae Eugenia bukobensis Engl. Orobanchaceae Harveya sp. nov. 6 Distribution NW Tanzania Eastern DRC, SW Uganda, NW Tanzania NW Tanzania NW Tanzania Albertine Rift C & S Kenya, N & C Tanzania W Kenya, Tanzania S Uganda, C & S Kenya, N & C Tanzania East DRC to Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and NW Tanzania: Albertine Rift endemic Eastern Africa S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania NW Tanzania Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Poaceae Podocarpaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Panicum sp. nov. aff. P. nigromarginatum Robyns Afrocarpus dawei (Stapf) C.N. Page Lasianthus seseensis M.R.F. Taylor Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. var. seseensis Bremek. NW Tanzania SW & S Uganda, NW Tanzania S Uganda, NW Tanzania S Uganda, NW Tanzania Lycophyta (Fern allies) 1. Lycopodiaceae (Verdcourt 2005) Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm. - Terrestrial fern of seasonal swamp grassland; almost cosmopolitan. Sango Bay Luke SR441. 3. Selaginellaceae (Verdcourt 2005b) Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun - Terrestrial fern of wet sites in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4838; Festo 801; Procter 109. Monilophyta (True ferns) 5. Ophioglossaceae (Burrows & Johns 2001) Ophioglossum sp. cf. reticulatum L.- Tiny terrestrial fern. Sango Bay; Luke SR209. 8. Osmundaceae (Verdcourt 1999c) Osmunda regalis L. - Terrestrial fern; widespread in Africa. Sango Bay; Luke SR33. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 9. Hymenophyllaceae (Beentje 2008b) Crepidomanes chevalieri (H. Christ) Ebihara & Dubuisson - Epiphytic fern, tiny; on rocks in wooded patches in grassland; West and Central and East Africa. Minziro Luke 17949, new record for Tanzania T1. 13. Lygodiaceae (as Schizaeaceae, Verdcourt 2000b) Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. - Climbing fern in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4847; Festo 1565; Sango Bay Luke SR9. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 17. Salviniaceae (as Azollaceae, Verdcourt 1999a) Azolla pinnata R. Br. subsp. africana (Desv.) R.M.K. Saunders & K. Fowler - Tiny water fern to 3 cm in swamp; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1753. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 23. Cyatheaceae (Edwards 2005) Cyathea dregei Kunze – tree fern in swamp edges; widespread in tropical Africa and Madagascar. Sango Bay Norman 80. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 30. Dennstaedtiaceae (Verdcourt 2000) Blotiella currorii (Hook.) R.M. Tryon - Terrestrial fern to 3 m on forest floor; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4851: first record for Tanzania. Blotiella natalensis (Hook.) A.F. Tryon - Terrestrial fern to 2.6 m in swampy places in forest. East and Southern Africa. Minziro Festo 741. Blotiella trichosora Pic.Serm. - Terrestrial fern to 120 cm in forest patch near stream; a specialised species with very restricted distribution in Uganda, Burundi and Tanzania. Minziro Luke 17859. IUCN RedList: Endangered. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. aquilinum - Terrestrial fern to 2 m in forest margins and on termite mounds; widespread in Africa and Europe. Local name ‘Olulele’. Minziro Festo 705; Luke SR480; Sango Bay Luke SR191. 7 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 31. Pteridaceae (Verdcourt 2002b; Vittariaceae, Verdcourt 1999d; Adiantaceae, Verdcourt 2002a) Doryopteris concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn var. kirkii (Hook.) R. E. Fries - Terrestrial fern from dry forest and swamp forest edge; widespread in tropical Africa and South Africa. Minziro Festo 749, 1390, 1558; Procter 108; Luke SR756. Pellaea doniana Hook. - Terrestrial fern from dry forest and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa and Madagascar. Local name “Laba”. Minziro Festo 1580; Kayombo 3116; Watkins 504; Luke SR610. Pellaea viridis (Forssk.) Prantl - Terrestrial fern from hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 484. Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link - Terrestrial fern from dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1746. Pteris atrovirens Willd. forma atrovirens - Terrestrial fern in swamp forest; West to Central Africa. Minziro Sitoni 738, Sango Bay Luke 17685. Pteris buchananii Sim - Terrestrial fern of drier forest; East and southern Africa. Minziro Festo 37B. Pteris catoptera Kunze var. catoptera - Terrestrial fern 1.7 m from forest patch near stream; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 712; Luke 17866. Pteris catoptera Kunze var. friesii (Hieron.) Verdc. - Terrestrial fern 1.7 m of wet forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 430. Pteris commutata Kuhn - Terrestrial fern to 90 cm in swamp forest and dry forest; Central Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/16; Luke 17829; Sango Bay Luke 17701, new record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Near Threatened. Pteris dentata Forssk. - Terrestrial fern in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/17. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Pteris similis Kuhn - Terrestrial or climbing fern to 2 m in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4854; Luke 17846; Sango Bay Luke 17572. Vittaria volkensii Hieron. - epiphytic fern to 50 cm in swamp forest; Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17755, first record for U4? 33. Aspleniaceae (Beentje 2008a) Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm. f.) Bech. - Terrestrial fern from wet forest, wooded patches in grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Kayombo 3120; Luke 17948. Asplenium africanum Desv. - Terrestrial fern or low-level epiphyte in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 766; Sango Bay Luke 17425. Asplenium barteri Hook. - Epiphytic fern in dry forest; West Africa to W Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Holtz 1708. Asplenium buettneri Hieron. var. buettneri - Terrestrial fern in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/23; Procter 104. Asplenium dregeanum Kunze - Terrestrial fern in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Bayona 92/33; Procter 112. Asplenium friesiorum C. Chr. - Terrestrial fern in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Bidgood 4867; Sango Bay Luke 17743. Asplenium gemmascens Alston - Terrestrial fern in dry forest; from Cameroon to Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/08. Asplenium gemmiferum Schrad. - Terrestrial fern in swamp forest and forest edges; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Gobbo 578. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Asplenium macrophlebium Baker - Terrestrial or epiphytic fern in swamp forest and dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4777; Festo 720; Procter 110; Luke 17820; Sango Bay Luke 17562? Asplenium paucijugum Ballard - Terrestrial fern in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Luke 17838. Asplenium sandersonii Hook. - Epiphytic fern in swamp forest and dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 746; Luke SR615; Rose 10263; Sitoni 991; Watkins 505. Sango Bay Luke 17748. 8 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Asplenium stuhlmannii Hieron. - Epiphytic fern in dry forest. Eastern and southeastern Africa. Minziro Festo 1488; Gereau 6355. 35. Thelypteridaceae (Verdcourt 2006) Amphineuron opulentum (Kaulf.) Holttum - Terrestrial fern in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 37. Christella cf. gueinzeana (Mett.) Holttum - Terrestrial fern to 60 cm in swamp forest; East and southern Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17707. Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy - Terrestrial fern in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 37A; Gereau 6352. Christella parasitica (L.) Léveillé - Terrestrial fern in dry forest; DRC and Uganda/NW Tanzania; Asia. Minziro Bayona 92/15; Festo 1533, 1770, 1792. Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito var. striatus (Schumach.) Verdc. - Terrestrial fern to 1 m in swamp forest edge and forest patch near lake; West and Central Africa. Minziro Festo 1502; Sango Bay Luke 17608a, 17658, new record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C.V. Morton - Terrestrial fern to 80 cm in swamp forest edge; widespread in Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17608b. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 36. Woodsiaceae (as Adiantaceae, Verdcourt 2002a) Cheilanthes bergiana Schltdl. - Terrestrial fern, mainly in dry forest; widespread in eastern Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/30; Festo 810, 1825. 39. Blechnaceae (Parris 2006) Stenochlaena tenuifolia (Desv.) Moore - Terrestrial or epiphytic fern in swamp forest; widespread in central and East Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4864; Sango Bay Luke SR28. 42. Dryopteridaceae (Schaeffer-Fehre et al. 2007) Dryopteris athamantica (Kunze) Kuntze - Terrestrial fern of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, forest margins; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1509, 1577; Kayombo 3131. 44. Nephrolepidaceae (as Oleandraceae, Verdcourt 2001) Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott - Terrestrial fern to 2.8 m in swamp forest and forest margins; throughout Africa. Minziro Festo 361, 737, 1795. Sango Bay Luke SR. Nephrolepis undulata (Sw.) J. Sm. var. undulata - Terrestrial fern of forest floor; widespread in Africa, to India and Thailand. Minziro Festo 874; Sitoni 1010. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 45. Tectariaceae (as Oleandraceae, Verdcourt 2001) Arthropteris palisotii (Desv.) Alston - Climbing fern in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4883; Festo 793; Kayombo 3088; Sitoni 739. Sango Bay Luke 17684. New record for Tanzania. 46. Oleandraceae (Verdcourt 2001) Oleandra distenta Kunze - Epiphytic or terrestrial fern of drier forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 762. 47. Davalliaceae (Verdcourt 1999b) Davallia denticulata (Burm.f.) Kuhn var. denticulata - Epiphytic fern in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 792; Sango Bay Luke 17558. 48. Polypodiaceae (Verdcourt 2001b) Drynaria volkensii Hieron. [synonym Aglaomorpha volkensii (Hieron.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.] Epiphytic fern in swamp forest and drier forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 786. Sango Bay Luke SR410. 9 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Lepisorus excavatus (Willd.) Ching - Epiphytic fern in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17566. Loxogramme abyssinica (Baker) M.G. Price - Epiphytic fern of drier forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 761. Microsorum pappei (Kuhn) Tardieu - Epiphytic fern of wetter forest; eastern Africa. Minziro Sitoni 1006. Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel. - Epiphytic or terrestrial fern in swamp forest and drier forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4775; Festo 768, 1564; Kayombo 3155. Sango Bay Luke SR21. Microsorum scolopendria (Burm.f.) Copel. (Phymatosorus scolopendria - Epiphytic or terrestrial fern in swamp forest and drier forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Kayombo 3121. Sango Bay Luke SR22. Platycerium elephantotis Schweinf. - Epiphytic fern in swamp forest and drier forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 61; Gereau 6333; Luke SR307. Sango Bay Luke SR307. Gymnospermae Podocarpaceae (Melville 1958) Afrocarpus dawei (Stapf) C.N. Page - Tree in understorey and canopy of swamp and groundwater forest; formerly an important timber tree, now mostly immature specimens left; endemic to a small area in SW and S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Local name “Omurauma, Omusenene”. Minziro Bancroft s.n.; Eggeling 6246, 6248; Festo 27, 462, 1274; Gereau 6332; Luke SR631; Procter 143, 153; Watkins 143; Willan 34, 35, 36, 106, 107, 108, 155, 157; Wye s.n. (2 collections); Sango Bay BR 179, Bayona & Festo 92/49. IUCN RedList: Near Threatened. Afrocarpus gracilior (Pilg.) C.N. Page – Tree of wet forest; eastern Africa. Sango Bay BR 177. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb. [synonym P. milanjianus Rendle, fide Migliore et al. 2020]– Tree of wet groundwater forest, rare in our area; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Bayona & Festo 92/46, and Malabigambo Forest to Mujanja village, planted on hillside and along road, Bayona & Festo 92/47, 92/48. Angiospermae 8. Canellaceae (Verdcourt 1956) Warburgia ugandensis Sprague - Canopy tree of wet and dry forest, occasional; widespread in Africa. Local name “Muhiya, Muhumule, Muiya, Omwiya”. Minziro Festo 464; Kayombo 3104; Sitoni 786; Watkins 518; Wigg s.n.; Luke SR491; Sango Bay BR 238. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 11. Piperaceae (Verdcourt 1996b) Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth – Herb on wet rocks in deep shade; widespread in Africa. Minziro Congdon 371. Peperomia fernandopoiana C. DC. var. fernandopoiana - Herb to 10 cm in swamp forest; West Africa to Ethiopia, Uganga, W Kenya, W Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4882; Festo 1538; Procter 830; Sango Bay Luke 17561. Peperomia molleri C. DC. subsp. molleri - Herb in swamp forest; West Africa to Ethiopia, Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/24; Festo 735, 821, 1576, 1670, 1671. Peperomia bangroana C. DC. (Peperomia rotundifolia (L.) Kunth) - Epiphytic herb in swamp forest and dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 787; Procter 1046; Sango Bay Luke SR50. Piper capense L.f. var. capense – Herb in forest patch near stream; widespread in Africa. Minziro Vollesen SR; Sango Bay Luke SR664. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 10 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn. - Herb in swamp forest edge; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 216, 1295; Gobbo 537& Luke SR582; Sango Bay Luke SR107. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Piper umbellatum L. [synonym Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.] - Herb in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 355. 12. Aristolochiaceae (Verdcourt 1986) Aristolochia littoralis D. Parodi [Aristolochia elegans Mast.] - Herbaceous twiner in forest margins and seasonal swamp grassland; originally from America, now widely cultivated and often naturalized in Africa. Minziro Festo 1763, new record for Tanzania. 13. Myristicaceae (Verdcourt 1997) Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. subsp. schweinfurthii (Warb.) Verdc. – Tree of understorey and canopy in swamp forest; South Sudan, Uganda, E Congo, Burundi, W Tanzania. Local name “Munoba”. Minziro Festo 724; Sango Bay BR 188; Luke 17643. 18. Annonaceae (Verdcourt 1971) Annona muricata L. - Tree, cultivated in villages, sometimes persisting in old fields; originally from SE Asia, now widely cultivated in all tropical regions. Local name “Mstaferi” . Minziro Festo 1788. Annona senegalensis Pers. subsp. senegalensis – Tree in forest patch on rocky hill, hillside grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Benedicto 35; Festo 322; Simon 346; Sango Bay BR 20; Luke SR.462. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Artabotrys likimensis De Wild. - Liana to 6 m in forest patch near lake; Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17638. Artabotrys monteiroae Oliv. -. Liana of wet forest; eastern and South-Central Africa. Minziro Sitoni 802. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Artabotrys velutinus Scott-Elliot -. Liana in dry forest and forest margins; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 383, 405; Festo 126, new record for Tanzania. Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. suaveolens – Tree of moist forest; Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 110. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Monanthotaxis buchananii (Engl.) Verdc. – Small tree or scrambler in swamp forest; eastern Africa. Sango Bay Luke SR216. Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Verdc. - Shrub or scramblng shrub in swamp forest and dry forest; Cameroon to S Sudan, S Uganda, NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Bayona 92/06; Festo 1303; Sango Bay Luke 17679. Monanthotaxis littoralis (Bagsh. & Baker f.) Verdc. - Liana to 2 m in swamp forest; Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Kayombo 3118; Sitoni 1002; Sango Bay Luke 17712. New record for Tanzania. Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal – Tree of moist forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 153. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Uvaria angolensis Welw. ex Oliv. var. angolensis - Scandent shrub in forest patch near lake; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Sitoni 801; Sango Bay Luke 17640. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Uvaria welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. & Diels - Liana 3 m in swamp forest edge; East and Central Africa. Minziro Luke 17904; Sango Bay Luke SR247. Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. - Tree 4 m in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 239; Luke 17552. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 24. Monimiaceae (Verdcourt 1968) Xymalos monospora (Harv.) Baill. – Tree of forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name “Mulimuli”. Sango Bay BR 240. 25. Lauraceae (Verdcourt 1996) 11 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Beilschmiedia ugandensis Rendle var. ugandensis - Tree, locally dominant in swamp forest and forest patch near lake; S Sudan, NE Congo, Uganda, NW & W Tanzania. Local name “Muhasha, Omwasa”. IUCN status: vulnerable. Minziro Bidgood 4860; Festo 276; Kayombo 3151; Luke SR604; Sango Bay BR 30; Luke SR29, 17671(?). IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cassytha pondoensis Engl. - Parasitic herb of hillside grassland and bushland; Tanzania to South Africa and Namibia. Minziro Festo 511; Gobbo 542. 28. Araceae (Mayo 1985) Amorphophallus abyssinicus (A. Rich.) N. E. Br. - dry forest, forest margins. forest floor herb; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 856, 1113; Sitoni 986. Sango Bay Luke SR242. Culcasia falcifolia Engl. - drier “western” and swamp forest, a herbaceous climber of Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 1561; Gereau 6282, 6349; Kayombo 3084; Luke SR603; Sitoni 726. Sango Bay Luke SR14. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 45. Dioscoreaceae (Milne-Redhead 1975) Dioscorea odoratissima Pax - climber along paths and clearings in dry forest; West Africa to S Uganda, W Kanya, W Tanzania, NW Zambia, Angola. Minziro Festo 565; Luke SR626. Dioscorea sp.1 - Sango Bay Luke SR249. Dioscorea sp.2 - Sango Bay Luke SR250. 56. Colchicaceae (Hoenselaar 2005) Gloriosa superba L. var. superba - twining herb of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, swampy grassland, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 378, 1281; Kayombo 3162; Luke SR565. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 59. Smilacaceae (Cowley 1989) Smilax anceps Willd. - climber along paths, in clearings and margins of drier “western” and swamp forest, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Lushuli, Olushuli. Minziro Festo 14, 267, 561; Luke SR568. Sango Bay Luke SR13. 61. Orchidaceae (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984 & 1989) Aerangis collumcygni Summerh. - epiphyte in forest patch near stream; Central and East Africa. Minziro Luke 17861. Aerangis luteoalba (Kraenzl.) Schltr. var. rhodosticta (Kraenzl.) J. Stewart - epihytic herb of dry forest; Cameroon, CAR, Congo, SW Ethiopia, S Uganda, Kenya, W Tanzania. Minziro Festo 574; Procter 145. Aerangis sp. - epiphyte in swamp forest. Minziro Luke SR636. Bulbophyllum longiflorum Thouars? - epiphyte in swamp forest; Central and East Africa, Madagascar and SE Asia. Sango Bay Luke 17554. Bulbophyllum maximum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. - epiphyte in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17754. Calanthe sylvatica (Thou.) Lindl. - herb of forest floor; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, ? Tropical Asia. Minziro Procter 97. Chamaeangis vesicata (Lindl.) Schltr. - epiphytic herb of dry forest; West Africa to S Uganda, W Kenya, NW & W Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 408. Corymborkis corymbis Thouars - terrestrial in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17703. Cyrtorchis monteiroae (Rchb.f.) Schltr. – epiphyte in swamp forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17422, 17555. Eulophia angolensis (Rchb. F.) Summerh. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 141; Procter 666; Rose 10045. Sango Bay Luke 17612. Eulophia calantha Schltr. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Gereau 6255; de Leyser 296; Procter 1043. 12 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Eulophia caricifolia (Rchb.f.) Summerh. - terrestrial in seasonal swamp forest; West, Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17759. Eulophia cucullata (Sw.) Steud. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Gobbo 573. Eulophia euglossa (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. - herb of forest floor; West Africa to Ethiopia, S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 857. New record for Tanzania. Eulophia guineensis Lindl. - herb in forest patch on rocky hill; widespread in tropical Africa, Arabia. Minziro Luke SR453. Eulophia orthoplectra (Rchb. f.) Summerh. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1336. Genyorchis pumila (Sw.) Schltr. - epiphyte in swamp forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17424. Habenaria filicornis Lindl. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Sitoni 1027. Habenaria genuflexa Rendle - herb of swampy grassland and along paths in dry forest; West Africa to Sudan, Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Festo 871. Habenaria schimperiana A. Rich. - herb of swampy grassland; S Sudan and Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 1033. Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. - herb of swampy grassland, edge of swampforest; widespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 855; Luke 17819. Manniella gustavi Rchb. f. - terrestrial herb of swamp forest, very rare; West Africa to S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4877; Festo 1601; Procter 93. Oeceoclades saundersiana (Rchb. f.) Garay & P. Taylor - terrestrial herb of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 819; Procter 1158. Orthochilus subulatus (Rendle) Bytebier [synonym Eulophia subulata Rendle] - Central (E Congo, Rwanda, S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. herb of swampy grassland Minziro Festo 323; Gane 104; Procter 689. Platylepis glandulosa (Lindl.) Rchb.f. - terrestrial in forest patch near stream; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17850. Polystachya albescens Ridl. subsp. musozensis (Rendle) Summerh. - epiphyte in swamp forest; E Congo S & W Uganda. Sango Bay Luke 17745. Polystachya albescens Ridl. subsp. imbricata (Rolfe) Summerh. - epiphytic herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1393. Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet? - epiphyte in swamp forest; widespread in tropical areas of the world. Sango Bay Luke 17567. Polystachya golungensis Rchb.f.? - epiphyte in swamp forest; West, Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17571. Polystachya lindblomii Schltr. - epiphyte in swamp forest; Central, East and Southeast Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17744. Polystachya polychaete Kraenzl - epiphyte in swamp forest; West, Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17568. Polystachya ramulosa Lindl. - epiphytic herb of dry forest; West Africa to S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 829, 1616; Procter 1083. Sango Bay Luke 17423. Polystachya stauroglossa Kraenzl. - epiphytic herb of dry forest; E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Procter 926. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Rangaeris cf. musicola - epiphyte in swamp forest. Sango Bay Luke 17747. Rhipidoglossum rutilum (Rchb.f.) Schltr. [synonym Diaphananthe rutila (Rchb. f.) Summerh.] epiphytic herb of dry or swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Congdon 407. Sango Bay Luke 17553. Tridactyle sp.1 - epiphyte in swamp forest. Sango Bay Luke 17569. Tridactyle sp.2 - epiphyte in swamp forest. Sango Bay Luke 17700. Vanilla ramosa Rolfe? - climber in swamp forest; West and East & Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17568. Zeuxine elongata Rolfe - herb of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 721. 13 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 70. Iridaceae (Goldblatt 1996) Aristea abyssinica Pax - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1715, 1741; Gobbo 518. Dietes iridioides (L.) Klatt - herb of forest floor; S Uganda and Kenya through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/05; Festo 1824; Luke SR697; Procter 801; Willan 268. Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel subsp. andongensis (Baker) Goldblatt - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 329, 1769. 72. Asphodelaceae (Whitehouse 2002) Kniphofia grantii Baker - herb of swampy grassland; E Congo, Uganda and Kenya south to Malawi and Zambia. Minziro Festo 326; Gane 109; Haarer 2305. 73. Amaryllidaceae (Nordal 1982) Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. subsp. multiflorus - herb of termite mounds, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 327, 404, 1829; Luke SR639. Sango Bay Luke SR143. 74. Asparagaceae (Sebsebe 2006; incl. Hyacinthaceae, Stedje 1996; incl. Anthericaceae, Nordal et al. 1997; incl. Dracaenaceae, Mwachala & Mbugua 2007) Albuca abyssinica Jacq. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 751. Asparagus africanus Lam. var. africanus - scandent shrub of termite mounds, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 314, 777. Asparagus falcatus L. - scandent shrub of margins and paths in dry forest, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 332; Luke SR500. Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Baker - scandent shrub of margins and paths in dry forest, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 324, 1340; Luke SR782; Sitoni 1025. Asparagus racemosus Willd. - scandent shrub of margins and paths in dry or swamp forest, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 325. Sango Bay Luke 17696. Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop - scandent shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1801. Chlorophytum filipendulum Baker subsp. filipendulum - herb of forest floor; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 151; Luke 17845; Simon 395; Sitoni 758. Sango Bay Luke 17710. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. - shrub of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mula-Mula, Muramura, Omulamula. Minziro Congdon 413; Festo 573, 1441; Luke SR463, SR512; Procter 661; Sitoni 977; Watkins 474; Willan 223, s.n. (“B)). Sango Bay BR 73; Luke SR240. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Dracaena laxissima Engl. - scandent shrub of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mutendere. Minziro Bidgood 4840; Kayombo 3157; Luke SR585; Procter 826, 827; Sitoni 718. Sango Bay BR 74; Luke SR156. Dracaena steudneri Engl. - Tree, found once in banana plantation; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to N Malawi. Minziro Festo 537. Sango Bay BR 75. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Sansevieria sp. - herb in forest patch by lake. Sango Bay Luke SR163. 76. Palmae/Arecaceae (Dransfield 1986) Elaeis guineensis Jacq. - palm of forest patch near stream; widely planted, originally either from West or East Africa. Minziro Luke SR659. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 14 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Phoenix reclinata Jacq. - palm, occasional in dry or swamp forest, along streams in swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Omukindo, Omushongonwa. Minziro Festo 718, 1195; Gobbo 554. Sango Bay BR 174; Luke SR36. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hylander - palm of swamp forest, mainly on edges or in swampy areas; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Rachis used for making sweeping brushes, leaf fibers used for making baskets and fishing nets, flowers produces cooking oil. Minziro Festo 294. Sango Bay BR189. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 78. Commelinaceae (Faden 2012) Aneilema aequinoctiale (P. Beauv.) Loudon - paths and clearings in dry forest, herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 562; Luke SR668. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Aneilema beniniense (P. Beauv.) Kunth - paths and clearings in dry forest, herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, south to Angola and Zambia. Local name: Ntezi. Minziro Festo 161, 1633. Aneilema nyasense C. B. Clarke var. nyasense - herb of swamp forest; E Congo, Burundi, Uganda, W Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi. Minziro Bidgood 4848; Festo 1525. Aneilema spekei C. B. Clarke - herb of disturbed grassland and forest margins, weed; SW Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to Zambia. Minziro Festo 439, 1318; Luke 17816. Aneilema umbrosum (Vahl) Kunth subsp. ovato-oblongum (P. Beauv.) J. K. Morton - herb of dry forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4844. New record for Tanzania. Coleotrype laurentii K. Schum. - herb of swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, W & S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 811; Luke SR598. Sango Bay Luke SR258. New record for Tanzania. Commelina africana L. subsp. africana var. villosior (C.B. Clarke) Brenan - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, rocky outcrops; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Gobbo 515; Sitoni 948. Commelina bracteosa Hassk. - herb of woody patch in swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17795. Commelina capitata Benth. - herb of drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to Uganda, W Kenya, NW & W Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4784; Festo 730; Mwiga 227. New record for Tanzania. Commelina diffusa Burm. f. subsp. diffusa - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropicalAfrica, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Gereau 6314; Luke 17796. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Commelina neurophylla C. B. Clarke - herb of swampy grassland; E Congo, Burundi, W Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Minziro Simon 382. Commelina purpurea C.B. Clarke [synonym Commelina kabarensis De Wild. ] - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4815; Festo 862; Gobbo 514. Commelina schweinfurthii C.B. Clarke subsp. schweinfurthii [synonym Commelina elgonensis Bullock ] - herb of swamp forest edge or swampy grassland; West Africa, Rwanda, Burundi, Sudan, Ethiopia, Zambia, Malawi. Local name: Entezi. Minziro Festo 1143. Sango Bay Luke 17672. Commelina subulata Roth - herb of swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Arabia and India. Minziro Luke 17801. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyanotis lanata Benth. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, rocky outcrops; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 478, 1475. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyanotis longifolia Benth. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, rocky outcrops; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1476; Simon 397; Sitoni 928. Cyanotis paludosa Brenan subsp. paludosa - herb of swampy grassland; S Uganda, W Kenya, W & SW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 103; Gereau 6254; Luke SR536. Sango Bay Luke 17775. 15 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Floscopa glomerata (Schult. & Schult. f.) Hassk. subsp. glomerata - herb of swampy grassland and swamp; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 841, 1595, 1738. Sango Bay Luke 17769. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Local name: Ntezi yolweya. Minziro Festo 400, 1840; Luke SR566. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Palisota mannii C. B. Clarke subsp. megalophylla (Mildbr.) Faden - herb in swamp forest (common) and wetter places in dry forest (rare); Nigeria to S Sudan, Uganda, NW & W Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4855; Congdon 392; Gereau 6270, 6335, 6350; Luke SR620; Sitoni 789. Sango Bay Luke SR225. New record for Tanzania. Pollia condensata C.B. Clarke - herb of forest floor; West Africa to SW Ethiopia, Uganda, W Kenya, Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name: Ntezi yomukibira. Minziro Festo 152, 1110; Gillman 414; Luke 17827. Sango Bay Luke 17714. Pollia mannii C. B. Clarke - herb of dry forest; West Africa to SW Ethiopia, Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 361; Festo 711, 1647; Procter 95, 883. Polyspatha paniculata Benth. - herb of swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 797, 1648; Sitoni 765. Sango Bay Luke SR223. New record for Tanzania. Stanfieldiella imperforata (C. B. Clarke) Brenan var. glabrisepala (De Wild.) Brenan - herb of dry forest; West Africa to SW Ethiopia, Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Willan 266. 87. Marantaceae (Milne-Redhead 1952) Marantochloa leucantha (K. Schum.) Milne-Redh. - herb of drier “western” and swamp forest, locally common.; West Africa to SW Ethiopia, S Uganda, Tanzania. Local name: Bigagi, Njulu. Minziro Festo 34, 166, 204; Luke SR599; Sitoni 737; Willan 43, 278. Sango Bay Luke SR252. Marantochloa purpurea (Ridl.) Milne-Redh. - herb of forest floor, locally common; West Africa to SE Sudan, S Uganda, NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4796; Simon 358. Sango Bay Luke 17713. 88. Costaceae (in Zingiberaceae, Lock 1985) Costus afer Ker Gawl. - forest floor herb of drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda, SE Kenya, NW, W & SW Tanzania. Local name: Amashasha. Minziro Luke SR587; Vollesen SR. Costus dubius (Afzel.) K. Schum. - herb of dry forest and forest margins; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 699; Luke 17857. Costus sp. - Sango Bay Luke SR284. 89. Zingiberaceae (Lock 1985) Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K. Schum. - herb in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa and Madagascar. Minziro Luke SR651. Sango Bay Luke SR6. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Aframomum daniellii (Hook. f.) K. Schum. – herb of open places with poor drainage; West and Central Africa. 4km NE of Kagera Sawmills Katende 2511. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Aframomum luteoalbum (K. Schum.) K. Schum. - herb of swampy places and along streams in swamp forest; S Sudan, E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Local name: Rushashe. Minziro Bidgood 4861; Watkins 535. Sango Bay Luke 17699. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Aframomum mildbraedii Loes. - herb of forest floor; E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Local name: Butunguru. Fruits edible. Minziro Festo 750; Procter 886. Sango Bay Drummond & Hemsley 4560; Luke 17694. IUCN RedList: Endangered. Aframomum verrucosum Lock - herb of forest floor; CAR, E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Local name: Mashasha. Minziro Bidgood 4773; Festo 28; Willan 46, 111A). IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 16 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Renealmia congolana De Wild. & T. Durand - forest floor herb of drier “western” and swamp forest; E Congo, Rwanda, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Local name: Buhombaitaka, Lushasha. Minziro Festo 569; Luke SR586; Procter 1167; Watkins 531; Willan 111B. Sango Bay Luke 17563. 90. Typhaceae (Napper 1971) Typha sp. - herb in seasonal swamp grassland. Sango Bay Luke SR449. 93. Xyridaceae (Lock 1999) Xyris congensis Büttner - herb of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17611. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 94. Eriocaulaceae (Phillips 1997) Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Körn. - herb of seasonal swamp grassland; West, Central and Southeast Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17740. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 98. Cyperaceae (Hoenselaar et al. 2010) Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke - herb in grassland wooded patches; widespread in tropical Africa and Asia. Minziro Luke 17944. Bulbostylis filamentosa (Vahl) C. B. Clarke - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1814. Bulbostylis hensii (C.B. Clarke) [synonym Bulbostylis subumbellata (K. Schum.) C. B. Clarke] herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; S Uganda, NW Tanzania, Burundi. Minziro Festo 1510. Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W. Haines subsp. hispidula [synonym Fimbristylis hispidula (Vahl) Kunth] - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, old fields; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1130. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Bulbostylis oritrephes (Ridl.) C.B. Clarke [misapplied name Bulbostylis trichobasis C. B. Clarke]herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Procter 1048. Courtoisina assimilis (Steud.) P. Maquet - herb of swampy grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Festo 1220A, 1264; Luke 17934. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus albescens (Steud.) Larridon & Govaerts - sedge of swamp forest edge; widespread in tropical Africa and Asia. Sango Bay Luke 17542, 17546. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus cf haspan L. - sedge of seasonal swamp grassland. Sango Bay Luke 17545. Cyperus colymbetes Kotschy & Peyr.? - sedge of swamp forest edge; East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17545. Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze - herb of dry forest, usually along paths; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 230, 1459, 1842; Luke 17871; Procter 107, 753. Sango Bay Luke 17665. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus distans L. f. - Along paths in forest, herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1043, 1528; Luke 17901. Sango Bay Luke 17540, 17547. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus dives Delile [synomym Cyperus exaltatus Retz. var. dives (Delile) C.B. Clarke] - herb of swampy grassland and wet areas in forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Mshulaijwi. Minziro Festo 1230; Willan 215. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus esculentus L. - sedge of swamp forest edge; pantropical. Sango Bay Luke 17550. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus ferrugineoviridis (C.B. Clarke) Kük. - sedge of swamp forest edge; Central and East Africa. Minziro Luke 17906. Cyperus haspan L. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1695. Sango Bay Luke 17541. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus laxus Lam. ssubsp. buchholzii (Boeckeler) Lye - sedge of swamp forest; West and Central Africa. Minziro Luke 17870. 17 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Cyperus longus L. - sedge of swamp forest edge; pan-(sub)tropical. Sango Bay Luke 17543. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus macrocarpus (Kunth) Boeckeler - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1099, 1203. Cyperus mollipes (C.B. Clarke) K. Schum. - sedge of wooded patches in grassland; Central and East Africa, Asia. Minziro Luke 17959. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus niveus Retz. var. tisserantii (Cherm.) Lye [synonym Cyperus margaritaceus Vahl var. tisserantii (Cherm.) Kük.] - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; S Ethiopia and S Sudan south to S Tanzania. Minziro Procter 1047, 1052. Cyperus papyrus L. - herb, dominant species in swamps; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Gereau 6311; Luke SR706. Sango Bay Luke SR395. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus renschii Boeckeler - herb of swamp forest floor; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1461; Gereau 6331; Luke SR487. Sango Bay Luke SR25. Cyperus tenuiculmis Boeckeler - sedge of swamp forest edge; widespread in tropical Africa and Asia. Sango Bay Luke 17628. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cyperus sp. - sedge of wooded patches in grassland. Minziro Luke 17959. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, India. Minziro Festo 1219, 1227. Sango Bay Luke 17603. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Fimbristylis madagascariensis Boeckeler - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Procter 1051. Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl - herb of paths and clearings in herb of dry forest; widespread (pantropical). Minziro Procter 1089. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Fuirena pubescens (Poir.) Kunth var. pubescens - herb of swampy grassland and swamp; widespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 435; Procter 1049. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Fuirena umbellata Rottb. - sedge of seasonal swamp grassland; pantropical. Sango Bay Luke 17739. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hypolytrum heteromorphum Nelmes - sedge of swamp forest, in wetter places; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania. Local name: Kisharamama, Kisharamamba. Minziro Bidgood 4875; Gereau 6267, 6348; Luke 17824; Procter 106; Watkins 526 (TYPE). Sango Bay Luke 17427. Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. var. brevifolia - sedge of forest patch near lake; pantropical. Sango Bay Luke 17669. Minziro Festo 1211. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Kyllinga bulbosa P. Beauv.? - sedge of seasonal swamp grassland; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17625. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Kyllinga chrysantha K. Schum. - sedge of rocky outcrops; S Uganda, W & C Kenya, NW Tanzania. Local name: Nkwi. Minziro Festo 1513. Kyllinga erecta Schumach. - sedge of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; E Congo, Uganda and Kenya through eastern Africa to Botswana, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1478. Kyllinga nemoralis (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Hutch. - sedge of dry forest floor; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, outlier in E Usambaras. Minziro Festo 1436. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Kyllinga polyphylla Kunth var. elatior Kük. - sedge of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1501. Pycreus flavescens (L.) Rchb. subsp. flavescens var. castaneus Lye - sedge of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1511. Pycreus flavescens (L.) Rchb. subsp. flavescens var. flavescens - sedge of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1220B. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Pycreus macranthus (Boeckeler) C. B. Clarke - sedge of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Procter 1050. 18 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Pycreus permutatus (Boeckeler) Napper - sedge of swampy grassland; Uganda and Kenya through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 1836. Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton - sedge of swamp forest edge; pantropical. Sango Bay Luke 17539. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Schoenoxiphium lehmannii (Nees) Steud. - sedge of dry forest floor; S Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Procter 824. Scleria catophylla C.B. Clarke? - sedge of swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17813. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Scleria distans Poir. var. distans - sedge of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical America. Minziro Gobbo 509; Procter 784. Sango Bay Luke 17770. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Scleria melanomphala Kunth - sedge of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1584. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Scleria racemosa Poir. - sedge of swamps and wetter places in forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 201; Sitoni 753. Sango Bay Luke SR15. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Scleria sp. 1 - sedge of seasonal swamp grassland. Sango Bay Luke 17761. 103. Gramineae/Poaceae (Clayton 1970, Clayton & Renvoize 1982, Clayton et al. 1974) Acroceras gabunense (Hack) Clayton - grass of swamp forest; Liberia to W Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Festo 815. New record for Tanzania. Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy - grass of dry forest, in wet places along paths, at edge of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, India, Tropical America. Local name: Nanda. Minziro Bidgood 4839; Festo 1049, 1440, 1706; Gobbo 553; Procter 1097; Watkins 470. Sango Bay Luke 17538. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Alloteropsis angusta Stapf - grass of swampy grassland; Nigeria, SW Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, Zambia, Angola. Minziro Sitoni 1034. New record for Tanzania. Andropogon schirensis A. Rich. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 481; Sitoni 935. Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone [synonym Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.] - grass of swampy grassland, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1723. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cenchrus unisetus (Nees) Morrone [synonym Pennisetum unisetum (Nees) Benth.] - grass of swampy grassland, locally dominant; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Local name: Kishekesheke. Minziro Festo 1354. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Chloris pycnothrix Trin. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical America. Minziro Festo 1583. Sango Bay Luke SR401. Cleistachne sorghoides Benth. - grass of swampy grassland; Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa, India. Minziro Festo 1579. Ctenium somalense (Chiov.) Chiov. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Sudan south to Zambia, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1813; Simon 352. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle - grass of swamp grassland; Central, East and southern Africa, India. Minziro Luke 17922. Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Harlan - Colonizer grass of tracks in forest, disappearing after a few years; Central (Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Mozambique and Malawi. Luchwamba. Minziro Procter 887; Watkins 488. Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe and Angola. Minziro Festo 1069, 1239, 1360. Sango Bay Luke SR400. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1582. 19 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Digitaria abyssinica (A. Rich.) Stapf - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India. Local name: Olumbugu. Minziro Festo 1070, 1841. Digitaria compressa Stapf - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Gobbo 532. Digitaria diagonalis (Nees) Stapf var. diagonalis - grass of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 1359. Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers. - grass of forest patch near lake; widespread in tropical Africa and Asia. Sango Bay Luke 17670. Digitaria maitlandii Stapf & C. E. Hubb. - grass of swampy grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to S Africa. Minziro Festo 1743; Gobbo 565; Luke 17923; Procter 920. Digitaria ternata (A. Rich.) Stapf - grass of disturbed grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1097, 1217. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. - grass of disturbed grassland, weed; widespread (Warm temperate and subtropical regions, extending secondarily into the tropic). Minziro Festo 1548. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult. - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, tropical America. Minziro Festo 1016, 1247. Sango Bay Luke SR76. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase - grass of wet depressions in “western” forest, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 249; Sitoni 961. Sango Bay Luke 17727. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. - grass of disturbed swampy grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 453, 1121, 1228. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. subsp. indica - grass of seasonal swamp grassland; pantropical. Sango Bay Luke 17630. Eragrostis botryodes Clayton - grass of swampy grassland; Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Malawi, Zambia. Minziro Festo 802, 1218; Luke 17804. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland, weed; widespread (pantropical and subtropical). Minziro Festo 1588. Eragrostis exasperata Peter - grass of swamp or hillside grassland, edge of swamp forest and bushland on stony soil; E Congo and Uganda to NE Zambia. Minziro Festo 851, 1225; Procter 1130. Sango Bay Luke 17544, 17624, 17631. Eragrostis macilenta (A. Rich.) Steud. - grass of forest edges, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, India. Minziro Kayombo 3124. Eragrostis olivacea K. Schum. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, seasonal swamp grassland; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Zambia. Local name: Ekinshwi. Planted in gardens. Used for covering floors. Minziro Festo 1515, 1789. Sango Bay Luke 17771. Eragrostis patens Oliv. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1587; Luke 17790, 17955. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. - grass of wooded patches in grassland; Old World. Minziro Luke 17957. Eragrostis racemosa (Thunb.) Steud. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Sudan and Ethiopia through eastern Africa to South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 476, 1585. Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Steud. - grass of swampy grassland; idespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 1224; Procter 1132. Sango Bay Luke SR137. Exotheca abyssinica Andersson - grass of swampy grassland; Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to Malawi and Zambia. Minziro Procter 919. Harpachne schimperi A. Rich. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia through eastern Africa to Zambia. Minziro Festo 1586. Hyparrhenia bracteata Stapf - grass of swampy grassland, co-dominant; widespread in tropical Africa, tropical America. Minziro Procter 922. Hyparrhenia collina (Pilg.) Stapf - grass of swampy grassland; Sudan through eastern Africa to S Africa. Minziro Luke SR538; Procter 785. 20 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf - grass of swampy grassland, co-dominant; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Gobbo 533; Procter 1094; Simon 351; Willan 301. Sango Bay Luke 17764. Hyparrhenia filipendula (Hochst.) Stapf - grass of swampy grassland and hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Gobbo 570; Luke SR539; Procter 921, 1092, 1131; Simon 353; Sitoni 939. Sango Bay Luke SR127. Hyparrhenia gazensis (Rendle) Stapf - grass of woody patch in swamp grassland; East and southern Africa. Minziro Luke 17797. Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf var. newtonii - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, co-dominant; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Procter 1126. Hyparrhenia pilgeriana C. E. Hubb. - grass of swampy grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to S Africa. Minziro Procter 1128. Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf - grass of swampy grassland, co-dominant; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Makashe, Mushanje. Minziro Festo 1238, 1355; Procter 786; Watkins 525. Sango Bay Luke SR128. Hyparrhenia variabilis Stapf - grass of wooded patches in grassland; eastern and southern Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17958. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. - grass of swampy grassland, co-dominant; widespread (pantropiacal and subtropical). Minziro Festo 780; Gobbo 511. Sango Bay Luke SR446. Isachne buettneri Hack. - grass of swamp forest floor; West Africa to S Uganda, NW Tanzania, NE Zambia, N Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4878. Isachne mauritiana Kunth - grass of dry forest floor; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Luhululu. Minziro Watkins 496; Willan 271. Leersia hexandra Sw. - grass of swamps and swampy grassland; idespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 852, 1041; Procter 1129; Watkins 290. Sango Bay Luke SR188. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Leptaspis zeylanica Steud. - grass of dry forest floor; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 357, 1830; Luke SR594; Procter 751; Willan 276. Sango Bay Luke SR215. Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth - grass of swampy grassland, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa and Asia to Australia. Minziro Festo 1301. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Loudetia kagerensis (K. Schum.) Hutch. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, codominant; West Africa to Uganda, C Kenya, NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name: Eiyojwe. Minziro Festo 448, 1482; Procter 918; Simon 355. Sango Bay Luke 17767. Loudetia phragmitoides (Peter) C. E. Hubb. - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1007. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 488, 1517; Gobbo 540; Luke SR812. Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka subsp. repens - grass of grassland (disturbed) on clay, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, introduced in other tropics. Minziro Festo 1516; Luke SR811. Microchloa caffra Nees - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Sitoni 933. Miscanthus violaceus (K. Schum.) Pilg. - grass of seasonal swamp grassland; Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke SR65. Olyra latifolia L. - grass of drier “western” and swamp forest floor; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical America. Minziro Festo 157; Kayombo 3085; Luke SR613; Procter 996. Sango Bay Luke SR245. Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. - grass of dry forest floor; ; idespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 1044, 1305, 1705; Luke SR679; Procter 92, 934. Sango Bay Luke 17606. Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult. - grass of dry forest floor; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, India, extending north to the Mediterranean. Minziro Festo 748, 1454. Oreobambos buchwaldii K. Schum. - Sango Bay BR 163. 21 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Oryza eichingeri Peter - grass of dry forest floor or swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, India. Minziro Bidgood 4770; Luke SR618; Sitoni 966; Watkins 489, 507. Sango Bay Luke 17689. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Oryza punctata Steud. - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1439, 1452. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Panicum atrosanguineum A. Rich. - grass of swampy grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe, ? India. Minziro Procter 917. Panicum brevifolium L. - grass of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17622. Panicum dregeanum Nees - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Gobbo 575; Luke 17810. Panicum gracilicaule Rendle - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1489. Panicum hirtum Lam. - grass of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical America. Minziro Sitoni 755. Panicum hymeniochilum Nees - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1214. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Panicum maximum Jacq. - grass of termite mounds, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 489, 1052, 1357; Kayombo 3049; Luke SR570; Procter 1127. Sango Bay Luke SR382. Panicum parvifolium Lam. - grass of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17617. Panicum repens L. - grass of forest patch near lake; widespread in Africa and Asia. Sango Bay Luke 17662. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Panicum robynsii A. Camus - grass of dry forest. forest floor; Congo to S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Festo 1050, 1458; Procter 823; Watkins 494; Willan 269. Panicum trichocladum K. Schum. - grass of herb of forest floor; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Mozambique. Minziro Festo 1042, 1696; Luke 17864, SR571. Sango Bay Luke SR72. Panicum sp. nov. aff. P. nigromarginatum Robyns, not matched. - grass of wet depressions and clearings in dry forest; endemic to NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 92/44. Panicum sp.1 - grass of swamp forest edge. Sango Bay Luke 17575. Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius - grass of forest patch near stream; originally from the American tropics. Minziro Luke 17865. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. - grass of paths and clearings in dry forest, seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 454, 1098, 1215, 1297; Gobbo 510; Simon 384; Sitoni 1012; Watkins 486. Sango Bay Luke 17600, 17735. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Perotis patens Gand. - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1581. Phragmites mauritianus Kunth - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1803. Sango Bay Luke 17618. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf - grass along paths in dry forest; widespread (pantropical). Minziro Bayona 92/34; Festo 1462; Luke 17855. Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv. - grass of wooded patches in grassland; widespread in tropical Africa and America. Minziro Luke SR834. Sango Bay Luke 17774. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Sacciolepis africana C. E. Hubb. & Snowden - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1017, 1229. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1745. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Schizachyrium platyphyllum (Franch.) Stapf - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1744. 22 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Choisy - grass of swampy grassland, disturbed grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, India. Minziro Festo 449; Luke 17863. Setaria kagerensis Mez - grass of swampy grassland, wet areas in forest; Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi. Minziro Festo 1419. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. - grass of swampy grassland, disturbed grassland; widespread (Palaeotropical and subtropical). Minziro Festo 452. Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C. E. Hubb. var. sericea (Stapf) Clayton - grass of grassland near rocky hill; widespread in tropical Africa and Yemen. Minziro Luke 17789 Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C. E. Hubb. var. sphacelata - grass of swampy grassland, co-dominant; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 798, 1240, 1356, 1721, 1843; Gereau 6299; Simon 375; Sitoni 940. Sango Bay Luke SR381. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Setaria sulcata Raddi [Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) Th. Dur. & Schinz] - grass of paths and clearings in dry and swamp forest; widespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 813, 1004; Willan 270. Sango Bay Luke SR273. Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. - grass of swampy grassland, termite mounds; widespread in all tropical and subtropical areas. Local name: Kikwasi. Minziro Festo 1329. Sorghastrum stipoides (Kunth) Nash - grass of swampy grassland, co-dominant; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical America. Minziro Festo 1006, 1241, 1358; Gobbo 507, 579; Luke SR530; Procter 1091; Simon 379. Sango Bay Luke 17598. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) De Wet & Harlan [synonym Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf] - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Procter 1135; Luke SR794. Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) A. Robyns & Tournay - grass of forest margins, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia to the Pacific. Minziro Kayombo 3052. Sporobolus agrostoides Chiov. - grass of forest margins, swampy grassland; Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo. Minziro Festo 1578. Sporobolus molleri Hack. - grass of edge of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17549. Sporobolus natalensis (Steud.) Th. Dur. & Schinz - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Procter 1093. Sporobolus pyramidalis P. Beauv. - grass of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia. Minziro Festo 1027, 1226; Luke SR777. Themeda triandra Forssk. - grass of swampy grassland and hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. Local name: Embubu. Minziro Festo 1028; Luke SR560; Simon 372. Tripsacum andersonii J.R. Gray - grass of forest patch near stream; originally from South America. Minziro Luke SR687. Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone [synonym Brachiaria arrecta (T. Durand & Schinz) Stent] – grass of swamp forest edge; East and southern Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17585. Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) R.D. Webster [synonym Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf] grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 480, 1202; Sitoni 934. Urochloa comata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Sosef [synonym Brachiaria scalaris Pilg.] - grass of swampy grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 1096, 1512; Luke 17956; Mwiga 206. Sango Bay Luke 17620, 17621. Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster [synonym Brachiaria decumbens Stapf] – grass of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, E Congo). Minziro Festo 1353; Luke SR776. Urochloa jubata (Fig. & De Not.) Sosef [synonym Brachiaria jubata (Fig. & De Not.) Stapf] grass of swampy grassland, co-dominant; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1095, 1844; Gobbo 508; Procter 923; Simon 373. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 23 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Urochloa platynota (K. Schum.) Pilg. [synonym Brachiaria platynota (K. Schum.) Robyns - grass of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland, weed; E Congo, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, NE Zambia. Minziro Festo 450; Procter 1095; Sitoni 938. 109. Menispermaceae (Troupin 1956) Albertisia exelliana (Toupin) Forman - Woody herb/liana in swamp forest and dry forest and on termite mounds; S Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, NW Tanzania. Minziro Sitoni 990; Luke 17835; new record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Endangered. Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich. - Herbaceous twiner in swamp forest and on termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 377, 437; Luke SR527. Sango Bay Luke SR54. Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (DC.) Forman – Climber of forest and secndary vegetation; eastern Africa and tropical Asia. Sango Bay Luke 17428. Cissampelos truncata Engl. - Climber in swamp forest edge; eastern Africa endemic. Minziro Luke 17868. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A. Rich.) Walp. var. abyssinica - Herbaceous twiner in dry and wet forest, often on margins; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 241. Stephania dinklagei (Engl.) Diels - Liana in swamp forest.; West Africa to W Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 349; Luke 17833; Sango Bay Luke SR10. Tinospora caffra (Miers) Troupin – Liana of grassland/wooded patches, termite mounds; Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Festo 410; Luke SR814. 111. Ranunculaceae (Milne-Redhead & Turrill 1952) Clematis hirsuta Guill. & Perr. - Herbaceous climber in dry and wet forest; widespread in Africa. Local name “Nyanjaeyela”. Minziro Festo 383, 581. Clematis glandiflora DC. - Herbaceous climber in dry forest (margins); West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Festo 1310; first record for Tanzania. Clematis simensis Fresen. - Scandent shrub of grassland near rocky hill; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17787. Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. – Herb in edge of swamp forest, also in seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Sitoni 960; Luke SR754. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 120. Dilleniaceae (Lucas 1968) Tetracera stuhlmanniana Gilg - Scandent shrub in dry and swamp forest (edges); widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 424, 1285; Sitoni 757; Luke SR605; Sango Bay Luke SR144. 124. Hamamelidaceae (Verdcourt, 1971b) Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. malosanus (Baker) Verdc. - shrub or small tree, common in dry forest; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Mozambique, Zambia and Angola. Local names: Masabare, Muhalila, Mulinganyarere, Mwizifi. Minziro Congdon 393; Festo 143, 167, 1823; Gereau 6328; Luke SR464, Procter 655; Sangiwa 90; Sitoni 969; Watkins 127; Willan 38; Sango Bay BR 227. 130. Crassulaceae (Wickens 1987) Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. – Herb in forest margin; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1620. 136. Vitaceae (Verdcourt 1993) Afrocayratia gracilis (Guill. & Perr.) J.Wen & Z.D. Chen (synonym Cayratia gracilis (Guill. & Perr.) Suess.) - twiner of paths and clearings in dry forest, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 188, 872, 1209, 1282, 1350, 1372. Afrocayratia ibuensis (Hook. f.) J.Wen & V.C. Dang (synonym Cayratia ibuensis (Hook.f.) Suess.) - climber in riverside Acacia woodland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17729. Cissus diffusiflora (Baker) Planch. - subwoody climber of dry forest; West Africa to S Sudan, W Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1109. New record for Tanzania. 24 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Cissus oliveri (Engl.) Gilg - subwoody climber of dry forest, forest margins; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, E Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Angola. Minziro Festo 49. Cissus petiolata Hook. f. - subwoody climber of margins and clearings in dry or riverine forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 416, 1058, 1194. Sango Bay Luke 17730. Cissus planchoniana Gilg - herbaceous climber of drier “western” and swamp forest, forest margins.; Western (Cameroon to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4794; Festo 160, 228; Luke 17856; Simon 363. Cissus producta Afz. - subwoody climber of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/43. Cissus cf. quarrei Dewit - Sango Bay Luke 17719 Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl - subwoody climber of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, rocky outcrops; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 1519. Cissus tilifolia Planch. - climber in forest patch by stream; restricted to eastern DRC and western Uganda. Sango Bay Luke 17851 Cyphostemma adenocaule (A. Rich.) Wild & R. B. Drumm. - herbaceous climber of margins and clearings in dry or swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1153, 1408; Luke SR780. Sango Bay Luke SR308. Cyphostemma cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Wild & R. B. Drumm. - herbaceous climber of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Gereau 6292. Sango Bay Luke 17800. Cyphostemma sp. - Sango Bay Luke SR289. Leea guineensis G. Don - shrubby herb or shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 210, 1112; Kayombo 3067; Luke SR643; Sitoni 734. Sango Bay Luke SR222. Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R. B. Drumm. - scandent shrub of termite mounds, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 139, 219, 1059; Luke SR492. Sango Bay Luke SR275. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 138. Zygophyllaceae (sub Balanitaceae, Sands 2003) Balanites wilsoniana Dawe & Sprague var. wilsoniana - tree of wet forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 27. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 140. Leguminosae/Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae (Brenan 1967) Baikiaea insignis Benth. subsp. minor (Oliv.) J. Léonard - Dominant canopy tree in drier “western” and swamp forest; Cameroon to Uganda and W Tanzania, south to Angola. Local names “Enkobakoba, Enkunya, Mbuli, Mkobakoba, Nkobakoba”. Cut for timber. Minziro Congdon 348; Festo 59, 317, 1287; Gereau 6272; Gobbo 535; Hughes 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344; Luke SR484; Procter 687; Simon 341; Wigg s.n.; Willan 32; Sango Bay BR 26; Luke 17634. Caesalpinia angolensis (Oliv.) Herend. & Zarucchi – Woody climber in (edge of) swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 563, 1531; Luke SR624; Sango Bay Luke 17676, 17688. Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston – scrambling shrub in forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; originally from Asia, widely cultivated and naturalized in East Africa. Minziro Festo 1242. Caesalpinia volkensii Harms – woody climber of swamp forest, dry forest margins; endemic to S Uganda, C & S Kenya, N & C Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 381; Luke SR698. Chamaecrista kirkii (Oliv.) Standley var. kirkii – herb of swampy grassland and forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name ‘Akangwe’. Minziro Festo 41, 113, 236, 1025, 1396; Kayombo 3069. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene – herb of seasonal swamp grassland and hillside grassland; widespread in Old World tropics. Minziro Festo 1144, 1375; Mwiga 207; Simon 369; Sango Bay Luke SR136. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 25 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. – shrubby herb of edge of swamp forest and roadsides; native of America, widely naturalized in East Africa. Minziro Willan 162; Luke SR807. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby – shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, also planted as an ornamental in Minziro Village. Local name ‘Omukolya’. Minziro Festo 531, 1546; Sango Bay BR 44. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby – shrubby herb of riverside in Acacia woodland and disturbed grassland; widespread in tropics and subtropics of the World. Minziro Festo 1819; Sango Bay Luke SR385. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link – shrubby herb of disturbed grassland; a pantropical weed, probably originally from America. Minziro Festo 1818. Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby – a herb of forest paths and roadsides; native of America, now widely established in Africa. Local name ‘Mwetango’. Minziro Festo 240. Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby - tree, planted in Minziro village; native of America, widely planted in East Africa. Minziro Festo532; Willan 220. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 140. Leguminosae/Fabaceae: Mimosoideae (Brenan, 1959) Acacia brevispica Harms [synonym Senegalia brevispica (Harms) Seigler & Ebinger] – shrub or small tree of thickets and bushland; Central, East and southern Africa. Sango Bay BR 1. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Acacia gerrardii Benth. var. gerrardii [synonym Vachellia gerrardii (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter] – tree of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Procter 1118 Acacia hockii De Wild. [synonym Vachellia hockii (De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger] – shrub or small tree of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 538. Acacia kirkii Oliv. subsp. mildbraedii (Harms) Brenan [synonym Vachellia kirkii (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr. var. mildbraedii (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.] – tree of swampy grassland; hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, forest margins; E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi. Local name Munyinya. Minziro Festo 1425, 1711; Sitoni 788; Sango Bay BR 2; Luke 17733. Acacia pentagona (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook. f. [synonym Senegalia pentagona (Schumach.) Kyal. & Boatwr.] – woody climber of dry forest, forest margins, clearings; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 184, 463; Gereau 6265; Luke SR632; Sango Bay Luke 17645. Acacia pilispina Pic. Serm. [synonym Vachellia pilispina (Pic. Serm.) Kyal. & Boatwr.] – tree, rare in swampy grassland, along streams; Ethiopia, W Tanzania, E Congo, Malawi, Zambia. Local name Myinya. Minziro Festo 68. Acacia polyacantha Willd. subsp. campylacantha (A. Rich.) Brenan [synonym Senegalia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr.] – tree of swampy grassland, usually along streams or in depressions; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1314; Willan 219. Acacia sieberiana DC. [synonym Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.] – tree of riverine forest and swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17920 [var. woodii (Burtt-Davey) Keay & Brenan?] ; Sango Bay BR 3. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Albizia coriaria Oliv. – tree of riverine forest and wooded grassland; West and central Africa. Sango Bay BR 7. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Albizia glaberrima (Schumach. & Thonn.) Benth. – tree of forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 8. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Albizia gummifera (J. F. Gmel.) C. A. Sm. var. ealaensis (De Wild.) Brenan – tree, rare in dry forest; Nigeria to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local names Muyenjeyenje, Nyienaenze. Minziro Festo 306; Procter 893; Sango Bay BR 9. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F.Macbr. – tree of moist forest and wooded grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 10. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 26 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. subp. cinerea – shrub of dry forest, forest margins, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, tropical Asia. Local name Mlemanjoju. Minziro Festo 72; Sango Bay BR 67. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Entada abyssinica A. Rich. – tree of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name Omuiganjula. Bark used for treating coughs. Minziro Festo 320, Gereau 6300; Luke 178567, Sitoni 922; Sango Bay BR 79. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. – tree, rare in swampy grassland and margins of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, north to Egypt and the Middle East. Minziro Festo 1547; Luke SR502. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Mimosa pigra L. – scrambling or erect shrub of forest margins, swampy grassland, termite mounds, often forming thickets.; widespread in tropical Africa and Madagascar and South America. Local names Mkerere, Mukerere, Orukwatango. Minziro Festo 36, 163, 1172; Luke SR 503, Kayombo 3100, Procter 154, Sangiwa 103; Willan 277; Sango Bay Luke SR378. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Mimosa pudica L. var. unijuga (Duchass. & Walp.) Griseb. – herb of ruderal sites; a pantropical weed. Minziro Festo 535. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Parkia filicoidea Oliv. – canopy tree, rare in drier and swamp forest; S Uganda and SE Kenya through eastern Africa to Mozambique and Zambia, west to Angola. Local names Mwetanjula, Omugologolo, Omuyenjayenje. Minziro Festo 58, 291, 311, 362; Luke SR633; Mwiga 197; Sango Bay BR 171. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. & Thonn.) Taub. – canopy tree, rare in drier and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local names Mjuju, Murongo, Omuetanjula. Used for making bows. Minziro Festo 183, 354, 1288; Luke 17884, Procter 779, Wye s.n.; Sango Bay BR 220. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 140. Leguminosae/Fabaceae: Papilionoideae (Gillett et al., 1971) Abrus canescens Baker - herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland; West Africa to S Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, south to Angola and N Zambia. Minziro Festo 1749. Abrus precatorius L. subsp. africanus Verdc. - herbaceous twiner of dry forest, usually along paths and on margins; widespread in tropical Africa and Madagascar. Minziro Festo 733, 1205. Abrus pulchellus Thw. subsp. tenuiflorus (Benth.) Verdc. - herbaceous twiner of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, old fields; widespread in tropical Africa and South America. Minziro Festo 1684. Aeschynomene abyssinica (A. Rich.) Vatke – herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1063; Gobbo 523. Aeschynomene heurckeana Baker – herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Tanzania, E Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 707; Gobbo 539. Aeschynomene indica L. - herb of swampy grassland, swamps; pantropical and subtropical. Minziro Festo 1008, 1694. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Aeschynomene schimperi A. Rich. - herb of swamps, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa and Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1181, 1395, 1523, 1594; Kayombo 3140. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. subsp. perennirufus J. Léonard - herb of swampy grassland; Ethiopia and Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4817; Festo 402, 1085; Luke 17902. Alysicarpus zeyheri Harv. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1032. Argyrolobium fischeri Taub. - herb of swampy grassland; Ethiopia and Sudan through E Africa to Zambia and Angola. Minziro Festo 1662; Luke 17806. Baphiopsis parviflora Baker - shrub or understorey tree, common in drier “western” and swamp forest; Cameroon to Uganda and W Tanzania, south to Angola. Local names Entoko, Mtoko. Used for tool handles (hoes and axes). Minziro Benedicto 4; Bidgood 4771; Congdon 395; Eggeling 6255; Festo 394, 758; Gereau 6262; Luke 17783, Procter 59, 690; Sangiwa 100; 27 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Sitoni 914; Watkins 128, 522; Wigg s.n.; Willan 274; Sango Bay BR 28; Luke 17683. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. - shrub of disturbed grassland and old fields; originally from India, now widely cultivated and occasionally naturalized throughout the tropics. Minziro Festo 1786, 1794. Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. - herbaceous twiner of disturbed swampy grassland; pantropical, widely cultivated and occasionally escaped. Minziro Festo 1728. Craibia brownii Dunn - understorey or canopy tree, rare in drier “western” and swamp forest; NE Congo, Uganda, W & C Kenya, N Tanzania. Minziro Gereau 6338; Procter 142, 766. Crotalaria aculeata De Wild. subsp. claessensii (De Wild.) Polhill - herb of swampy grassland, roadsides; S Sudan, E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Local names Eyabura, Kasambandeke. Minziro Festo 1198; Gereau 6310; Kayombo 3057. Crotalaria agatiflora Schweinf. subsp. imperialis (Taub.) Polhill - subshrub of swampy grassland and roadsides; E Congo, S Uganda, W Kenya, N Tanzania. Minziro Festo 522. Crotalaria alexandri Baker f. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Uganda and Kenya through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 1491. Crotalaria brevidens Benth.var. intermedia (Kotschy) Polhill - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4814; Festo 129, 1366; Sitoni 1018; Sango Bay Luke 17548. Crotalaria chrysochlora Harms - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4892. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Crotalaria cleomifolia Baker - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 115. Crotalaria deserticola Baker f. subsp. deserticola var. deserticola - herb of swampy grassland; S Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to Mozambique and Zambia. Minziro Festo 1079, 1154, 1377. Crotalaria glauca Willd. - herb of disturbed grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1811. Crotalaria hyssopifolia Klotzsch - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1011, 1748A. Crotalaria incana L.subsp. purpurascens (Lam.) Milne-Redh. - shrubby herb of swampy grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Local name Eiyabula. Minziro Festo 525, 1797; Kayombo 3061; Sango Bay Luke SR380. Crotalaria karagwensis Taub. - herb of forest margins, swampy grassland; Cameroon, SW Ethiopia, E Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1170, 1175. Crotalaria laburnifolia L. subsp. laburnifolia - shrub of disturbed grassland, old fields, roadsides; widespread in eastern tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia to Australia and Melanesia. Minziro Festo 1799. Crotalaria lachnophora A. Rich. - shrubby herb of forest margins, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1573. Crotalaria mesopontica Taub. - herb of swampy grassland; S Uganda, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, NW Tanzani). Minziro Festo 123, 1092; Kayombo 3064; Sitoni 1008. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Crotalaria ononoides Benth. var. ononoides - herb of hillside grassland, seasonal swamp grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1496; Sango Bay Luke 17599. Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. obovata (G. Don) Polhill – herb of lakeside forest; pantropical. Sango Bay Luke 17641. Crotalaria recta A. Rich. - herb of ruderal sites and edge of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name Ekijambandege. Minziro Festo 516; Sango Bay Luke SR313. Crotalaria spinosa Benth. – shrubby herb of riverside in Acacia woodland; Senegal to Aden and south to Angola and Zambia. Sango Bay Luke SR394. 28 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Dalbergia lactea Vatke – shrub or small tree of forest margins, bushland and grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 65. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Dalbergia mayumbensis Baker f. (synonym Dalbergia malangensis E.P. Sousa) –tree of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17848. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. var. robustum Schubert - herb of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 473, 970; Simon 361, 388; Sitoni 970. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. var. procumbens Schubert - herb of swampy grassland; E Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Minziro Festo 1030. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. var. pilosiusculum (DC.) Fosberg - herb of ruderal sites; introduced from S America, becoming naturalized in East Africa. Local name Orufugankende. Minziro Festo 515. Desmodium ramosissimum G. Don - shrubby herb of wampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 42, 1117, 1196; Luke SR528; Sango Bay Luke 17613. Desmodium salicifolium (Poir.) DC. var. densiflorum Schub. and var. salicifolium - herb of dry forest, usually along paths; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Congdon 376; Festo 130, 1024, 1364, 1642; Simon 409; Sango Bay Luke 17589. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Desmodium setigerum (E. Mey.) Harv. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1031, 1090, 1152. Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. – herb of Bakiea/Heywoodia forest; South American species widely introduced into the tropics. Minziro Luke 17883. Dolichos trilobus L. subsp. occidentalis Verdc. - herbaceous twiner of dry forest, forest margins; W Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1682. New record for Tanzania. Eriosema chrysadenium Taub. var. chrysadenium - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name Ensegenya. Minziro Festo 1718. Eriosema laurentii De Wild. subsp. laurentii - herb of swampy grassland; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 110, 1495, 1704. Eriosema montanum Baker f. var. montanum - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 106. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Eriosema parviflorum E. Mey. subsp. parviflorum - herb of swampy grassland, forest edges; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Gereau 6261; Kayombo 3058; Simon 374, 392A; Sango Bay Luke 17760. Eriosema pentaphyllum Harms - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; W Tanzania, E Congo, Zambia. Minziro Festo 1707. Eriosema psoraloides (Lam.) G. Don - shrubby herb of swampy grassland.; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Local name Mtenga-tengo. Minziro Bidgood 4804; Festo 111, 496, 1389, 1535, 1712; Gereau 6253; Luke 17928, Sangiwa 104; Sitoni 946; Willan 218. Eriosema shirense Baker f. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1477; Kayombo 3147; Luke 17950, Simon 403. Eriosema stanerianum Hauman herb of swampy grassland; E Congo, S Uganda, NW & W Tanzania, NW Zambia. Minziro Bidgood 4811; Festo 1089, 1626. Eriosema vanderystii (De Wild.) Hauman – herb of seasonal swamp grassland; Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17599. Erythrina abyssinica DC. subsp. abyssinica - tree of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia and Sudan through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Local names Mlinzi, Mlizi, Omubuni, Omulinzi. Minziro Festo 715, 1632; Kayombo 3051; Luke SR526, Sitoni 764; Willan 30; Sango Bay BR 82; Luke SR149. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Erythrina excelsa Baker – tree of swamp forest; W and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR83. Flemingia grahamiana Wight & Arn. - shrubby herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, India. Minziro Festo 1237. 29 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Hylodesmum repandum (Vahl) H. Ohashi & R.R. Mill. [Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC.] – subshrub or herb of dry forest, usually along paths; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 212; Luke SR658. Indigofera ambelacensis Schweinf. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia, Sudan, E Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Sitoni 942. Indigofera arrecta A. Rich. - shrub of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia. Minziro Festo 1406. Indigofera atriceps Hook. f. subsp. setosissima (Harms) Gillett - shrubby herb of swamp grassland, old cultivations; SW Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Zambia. Minziro Festo 24, 1714; Kayombo 3096; Luke 17808. Indigofera dendroides Jacq. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, weed; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 521, 1177, 1490; Luke 17951 Indigofera drepanocarpa Taub. – procumbent herb of lakeside forest; Nigeria to W Kenya and south to Angola and Zambia. Sango Bay Luke 17633. Indigofera emarginella A. Rich. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 497, 1204; Gereau 6297. Indigofera fulvopilosa Brenan - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, old cultivations; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1771. Indigofera paniculata Pers. subsp. paniculata - herb of hillside or swamp margin grassland, bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1507, 1748; Gereau 6309; Sitoni 941; Sango Bay Luke 17593. Indigofera secundiflora Poir. var. rubripilosa De Wild. - herb of swampy grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Malawi and Zambia. Minziro Festo 1368. Indigofera spicata Forssk. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, roadsides, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 536, 1167, 1388. Indigofera subargentea De Wild. var. shinyangensis (Milne-Redh.) Gillett - herb of swampy grassland; S Uganda, W Tanzania, E Congo, NE Zambia. Minziro Festo 1029, 1332. Indigofera subargentea De Wild. var. subargentea - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1074, 1332. Indigofera zenkeri Baker f. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1232; Simon 368. Kotschya africana Endl. var. bequaertii (De Wild.) Verdc. – shrub of seasonal swamp grassland; E Congo, East Africa, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia. Sango Bay BR 122; Luke 17757 Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet subsp. uncinatus Verdc. - Herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4816; Festo 280, 566, 1713. Lathyrus hygrophilus Taub. - herb of swampy grassland; Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi. Minziro Festo 1251, 1373. Leptoderris glabrata (Baker) Dunn – woody climber of swamp forest; Cameroon, C.A.R., Congo and Uganda. Minziro Luke 17844; Sango Bay Luke 17677. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Lotus discolor E. Mey. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Haarer 2316. Macrotyloma axillare (E. Mey.) Verdc. var. axillare - Herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia. Minziro Festo 1759. Microcharis asparagoides (Taub.) Schrire - herb of swampy grassland.; S Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia. Minziro Festo 1699. Millettia dura Dunn - understorey or canopy tree, rare drier in “western” and swamp forest and forest margins; E Congo, S Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi. Local name Murongo. Food plant for monkeys. Good firewood. Minziro Benedicto 6; Festo 312, 379; Kayombo 3158; Procter 725; Wigg 304. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. - weed in plantations. forest margins; pantropical. Local name Nghdo muti. Minziro Festo 1491. Mucuna stans Baker - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 388, 1508. 30 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) Lackey subsp. wightii var. longicauda (Schweinf.) Verdc. herb of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa and Arabia. Minziro Festo 490, 1335; Luke SR544. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Phaseolus lunatus L. - Herbaceous twiner of forest margins, old shambas; Originally from tropical America, now widely cultivated and naturalized. Minziro Festo 1566, 1726, 1765, 1766. Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn. - herb of swamp grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa Local name Omukukera. Minziro Festo 114, 1201, 1327; Simon 393; Sango Bay Luke SR312. Pycnospora lutescens (Poir.) Schindl. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; E. Congo, S Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, tropical Asia, N Australia. Minziro Festo 472; Gobbo 524; Luke 17786, Sitoni 926. Rhynchosia ferruginea A. Rich. - Herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland; Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo. Minziro Festo 1026; Luke 17954. Rhynchosia hirta (Andrews) Meikle & Verdc. - Herbaceous twiner of swamp forest, thicket clumps in swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia. Minziro Gereau 6302; Sitoni 722. Rhynchosia viscosa (Roth) DC. - Herbaceous twiner of swamp fores; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1627; Sango Bay Luke 17731. The Minziro material belongs to subsp. viscosa var. viscosa, but fruiting specimens from Sango Bay might be subsp. violacea (Hiern) Verdc. Sesbania macrantha Phil. & Hutch. var. macrantha - subshrub of swamps, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical and South Africa. Minziro Festo 258, 1188, 1768. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. var. nubica Chiov. - shrub of forest margins, swampy grassland.; Chad, Sudan and Ethiopia through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Festo 1536; Sango Bay BR 205. Tephrosia linearis (Willd.) Pers. – herb of grassland and cultivation; widespread in Africa and Madagascar. Minziro Luke 17945. Tephrosia nana Schweinf. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 119, 1075, 1185, 1349; Gobbo 528. Tephrosia paniculata Baker - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4812; Festo 44, 1751; Simon 362. Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. - shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name Omuruku. Minziro Festo 487. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. subsp. labialis var. abyssinicus (A. Rich.) Verdc. - herbaceous twiner of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1275, 1685. Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw. subsp. ringoetii (De Wild.) Verdc. - herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4813; Festo 1100; Luke 17914, Simon 389, 390. Vicia paucifolia Baker subsp. paucifolia - herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland; Ethiopia, E Congo, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/36; Luke 17913. Vigna ambacensis Baker - herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1378, 1551; Rose 10046. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. var. luteola - herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland, thickets along streams; pantropical. Minziro Bidgood 4820; Festo 251, 301; Kayombo 3127. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Vigna oblongifolia A. Rich. var. parviflora (Baker) Verdc. - herb of swampy grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe and Botswana. Minziro Festo 799. Vigna parkeri Baker subsp. maranguensis (Taub.) Verdc.? – prostrate or climbing herb of grassland and thicket; Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17551. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. dekindtiana (Harms) Verdc. - herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1072. 31 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. var. angustifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Verdc. - herbaceous twiner of forest margins, swamp grassland. Herbaceous twiner; widespread (Africa, tropical Asia, Australia. Minziro Festo 392, 1176; Luke 17807, Simon 391. Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. var. vexillata - herbaceous twiner of swampy grassland; pantropical. Minziro Festo 1700; Simon 392. Zornia pratensis Milne-Redh. subsp. pratensis var. pratensis - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia and Sudan through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe and Angola. Minziro Luke 17958, Simon 399. 142. Polygalaceae (Paiva 2007) Carpolobia goetzei Gürke - Shrub or small tree in swamp forest and dry forest; Eastern, fairly widespread in Africa. Minziro Congdon 411; Festo 338, 465, 759; Luke SR482; Sango Bay Luke SR285. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Polygala albida Schinz subsp. stanleyana (Chodat) Paiva - Small herb of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 492; Sango Bay Luke 17616. Polygala capillaris Harv. subsp. capillaris - Small herb of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17763. Polygala persicariifolia DC.? - Small herb in swamp forest edge; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17673. Polygala petitiana A. Rich. subsp. petitiana var. petitiana - Herb. Hillside grassland and bushand; widespread in Africa. Minziro Congdon 356; Festo 1034; Procter 804. Polygala sparsiflora Oliv. subsp. ukirensis (Gürke) Paiva – Herb of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1593; Haarer 2317. Sango Bay Norman 39. Securidaca welwitschii Oliv. - Scandent shrub in forest patch by lake; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17644. 143. Rosaceae (Graham 1960) Alchemilla kiwuensis Engl. – Low herb of forest edges near streams; Central and East Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/29. Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman – tree of moist forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 182. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Rubus pinnatus Willd. – scrambling shrub of forest margins and clearings; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 550; Sango Bay Luke SR277. Rubus rigidus Sm. – scrambling shrub of forest margins and clearings; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 54; Sango Bay Luke 17586. 147. Rhamnaceae (Johnston 1972) Helinus mystacinus (Ait.) Steud. - woody climber in margins and clearings of dry forest; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Festo 1724. Lasiodiscus mildbraedii Engl. - understorey or canopy tree, common to dominant in drier “western” and swamp forest; Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique. Local name: Mtoko, Muha, Muiya, Muma, Murima, Muuwa, Muume, Omuma, Omwowa, Omwima. Used for toolhandles. Minziro Benedicto 3; Bidgood 4765; Carmichael 1136; Eggeling 6243; Festo 25, 308, 334, 460, 571, 1822; Gereau 6324; Luke SR592; Procter 651; Sangiwa 85; Sitoni 917, 971; Watkins 469; Wigg 313; Willan 39, 40, 214, 265. Sango Bay BR 124; Luke SR259. Maesopsis eminii Engl. subsp. eminii - canopy tree, locally common in drier “western” and swamp forest, often near margins; S Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, E Congo, Zambia, Angola. Local name: Muhumule, Omuhumula. Minziro Festo 367; Gereau 6337; Kayombo 3160. Sango Bay BR 140; Luke SR139. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Scutia myrtina (Burm. f.) Kurz - scandent shrub in dry forest, usually on margins and in clearings, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Local name: Lugasha, Mgassa. Minziro Festo 185, 1834; Luke SR594; Procter 155, 701, 798, 1120; Watkins 519. Sango Bay BR 204; Luke SR232. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 32 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 149. Cannabaceae (Verdcourt 1975) including Ulmaceae (Polhill 1966) Cannabis sativa L. var. indica (Lam.) Wehmer - Weed in fields and cultivated herb; widespread (Cosmopolitan). Leaves smoked as a narcotic. Minziro Luke SR738; Procter 724. Chaetacme aristata Planch. - shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest, usually near water; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 175, 1686; Luke SR575; Mwiga 202; Procter 783. Sango Bay BR 49; Luke SR233. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Trema orientalis (L.) Blume - Shrub or understorey tree of dry forest, usually on margins and in clearings; pioneer in regrowth; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Local name: Muuwe, Omuuwe. Minziro Festo 213, 524, 1051, 1283; Luke SR476; Procter 727. Sango Bay BR 224; Luke SR104. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 150. Moraceae (Berg & Hijman, 1989) Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. subsp. welwitschii (Engl.) C. C. Berg var. welwitschii (Engl.) Corner Emergent or canopy tree, rare in swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola and NW Zambia. Local name: Mrundu, Mziramata, Omujuju. Minziro Festo 315. Sango Bay BR 22; Luke SR303. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. - Cultivated in Minziro Village; originally from tropical Asia, widely cultivated in eastern Africa, particularly in the lowlands. Local name: Mfenesi. Minziro Festo 1787. Dorstenia brownii Rendle - forest floor herb of dry forest; SW Ethiopia, S Sudan, E Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/09; Festo 1676. Dorstenia hildebrandtii Engl. var. schlechteri (Engl.) Hijman - herb of forest floor; E Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Mozambique. Minziro Eggeling 6256; Festo 1677; Procter 1168. Sango Bay Luke 17705. Dorstenia psilurus Welw. - forest floor herb of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Congdon 382; Festo 859. Ficus asperifolia Miq. - shrub, along streams and in wetter places in “western” and “eastern” forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, N Zambia. Local name: Mkuruguta, Mkurukutu. Minziro Benedicto 16; Congdon 385, 410; Festo 295, 1265; Gereau 6344; Kayombo 3041; Luke 17841. Sango Bay BR 90; Luke 17582. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus barteri Sprague - Understorey tree (originally epiphytic) of drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to NW Zambia. Minziro Gereau 6330; Sitoni 723. Sango Bay BR 91. New record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus conraui Warb. - Understorey tree (originally epiphytic) of dry forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/39; Benedicto 5; Festo 335. Sango Bay BR 92. New record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus craterostoma Mildbr. & Burret - Understorey or canopy tree (originally epiphytic), rare in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4787; Luke SR762; Procter 780. Sango Bay BR 93. Ficus cyathistipula Warb. subsp. cyathistipula - Understorey tree (originally epiphytic), of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mjuju, Omukuko, Omutoma-gwe-kibira. Minziro Festo 57, 1426, 1614; Luke SR581; Mwiga 198; Sitoni 783. Sango Bay BR 94; Luke SR419. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus exasperata Vahl - Understorey or canopy tree, rare in wetter “western” forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Arabia, India. Minziro Festo 385. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus glumosa Del. - Understorey tree, rare in wetter “western” forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 293; Luke SR489. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq. - Understorey tree of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 784. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus lingua De Wild. & Th. Dur. subsp. lingua - drier “western” and swamp forest, an understorey tree (originally epiphytic); Western (West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Local name: Mutoma. Minziro Bayona 92/11; Festo 1563; Sitoni 733. Sango Bay BR 95; Luke SR27. New record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 33 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Ficus lutea Vahl - dry forest, a rare canopy tree; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1108; Luke SR477. Sango Bay Luke SR70. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus mucuso Ficalho - swamp forest, an understorey or canopy tree (originally epiphytic); West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, also in E Usambara) Minziro Gereau 6334. Sango Bay BR 96. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus natalensis Hochst. - Sango B. Biodiv. Rep. Sango Bay BR 97. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus ottoniifolia (Miq.) Miq. subsp. lucanda (Ficalho) C. C. Berg - swamp forest, an understorey tree (originally epiphytic); Gabon to S Uganda and W Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Sitoni 800. Sango Bay BR 98; Luke 17661. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus ovata Vahl - swamp forest, an understorey or canopy tree; rare; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 382; Luke 17785. Sango Bay BR 99. Ficus pseudomangifera Hutch. - dry forest; a tree; West Africa to W Uganda and NW Tanzania. Local name: Mutoma gwekibira. Minziro Festo 1497. Sango Bay BR 100; Luke SR421. New record for Tanzania. Ficus sansibarica Warb. subsp. macrosperma (Mildbr. & Burret) C.C. Berg? - Sango Bay Luke 17580. Ficus saussureana DC. - swamp forest, an understorey or canopy tree (originally epiphytic); West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya and NW Tanzania. Local name: Omukoko. Minziro Simon 338; Sitoni 784. Sango Bay BR 101; Luke 17573. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus sp. 1 - Sango Bay Luke 17556. Ficus sp. 12 - Sango Bay Luke 17919. Ficus sur Forssk. - dry forest and forest margins, a canopy tree; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 559, 831; Luke SR472. Sango Bay BR 102; Luke SR75. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus sycomorus L. subsp. sycomorus - swamp forest, mainly on margins. Understorey or canopy tree; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, north to Egypt and Syria. Local name: Omukunyu. Minziro Festo 278, 1326. Sango Bay BR 101; Luke SR286. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus thonningii Blume - drier “western” and swamp forest, an understorey or canopy tree (originally epiphytic), occurring as scattered individuals; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Endikita, Mtoma, Omutoma, Omutuba. Bark used for traditional bark cloth. Minziro Festo 418, 710, 774, 1802; Gereau 6327, 6342; Luke 17860; Sitoni 756. Sango Bay BR 104; Luke 17698. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus trichopoda Baker - Sango Bay Luke 17605. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus verruculosa Warb. - Sango Bay Luke 17579, 17581. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ficus vogeliana (Miq.) Miq. - Sango Bay BR 105. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Morus australis Poir. - Cultivated in Minziro Village, a small tree; originally from the Mediterranean, now widely cultivated in the African highlands. Local name: Nkenene muti. Minziro Festo 1815 Treculia africana Decne. - dry forest, forest margins, a rare canopy tree; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Mbungu. Minziro Festo 415; Luke SR617; Watkins 528. Sango Bay BR 223. Trilepisium madagascariense DC. - Minziro Luke SR690. Sango Bay BR 228. 151. Urticaceae (Friis 1989) Boehmeria virgata (G. Forst.) Guill. subsp. macrophylla (Hornem.) Friis & Wilmot-Dear (synonym B. macrophylla Hornem.) - shrub of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Gereau 6263; Sitoni 785. Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew - herb of swamp and drier “western” forest; widespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 534, 803; Maitland 1165. Laportea mooreana (Hiern) Chew - herb of dry forest (often in disturbed places), forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1430, 1673. 34 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Laportea ovalifolia (Schumach.) Chew - herb of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 190. Scepocarpus trinervis (Hochst.) T. Wells & A.K. Monro (synonym Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman) - Woody climber of drier “western” and swamp forest, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Chibuga, Kyeyagya. Minziro Festo 207, 1847; Procter 703. Sango Bay Luke SR44. 154. Myricaceae (Polhill & Verdcourt, 2000) Morella kandtiana (Engl.) Verdc. & Polhill - shrub of swampy areas in dry forest; Uganda, W. Kenya, NW Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi. Local name: Mikikimbo. Roots used as medicine against malaria. Minziro Festo 19; Luke SR521. Sango Bay BR 154; Luke 17762. 163. Cucurbitaceae (Jeffrey 1967) Coccinia barteri (Hook. f.) Keay - Herbaceous twiner of clearings in drier forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/37. Cucumis hirsutus Sond. - Herbaceous twiner of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1216. Cucumis maderaspatanus L. (Mukia maderaspatana (L.) J. M. Roem.) - Herbaceous twiner of forest margins, swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 861, 1056, 1210, 1337; Luke 17793. Cucumis oreosyce H. Schaef. (Oreosyce africana Hook.f.) - Herbaceous twiner in dry forest paths and clearings, grassland; widespread in Africa. Local name “Akabindizi”. Minziro Festo 530, 1139, 1568. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey - Herbaceous twiner of disturbed forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1371, 1433. Lagenaria sphaerica (Sond.) Naudin - Climber of forest patch near lake.; eastern Africa. Sango Bay Luke SR155. Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. J. Roem. - Herbaceous twiner of forest margins; originally from India (?), now widespread in all tropics and subtropics. Local name “Ekikunjuzo”. Minziro Festo 1422. Momordica charantia L. - Herbaceous twiner of wet forest paths and clearings; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1645. Momordica cissoides Benth. - Herbaceous twiner of forest paths and clearings; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 78, 1277, 1300. Momordica foetida Schumach. - Herbaceous twiner of forest margins, grassland on clay; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1379, 1392, 1540; Sitoni 767. Momordica friesiorum (Harms) C. Jeffrey - Herbaceous twiner of forest margins; Ethiopia, E Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Festo 878. Momordica multiflora Hook. f. - Herbaceous twiner of wet forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Mwiga 210; new record for Tanzania. Peponium vogelii (Hook. f.) Engl. - Herbaceous twiner of forest paths and clearings; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 887, 1417; Sitoni 748; Luke SR726. Raphidocystis chrysocoma (Schumach.) C. Jeffrey - Herbaceous twiner in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1832. Zehneria minutiflora (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey - Herbaceous twiner of forest pathsides and margins, swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 834, 1018, 1376, 1427; Luke 17909; Sango Bay Luke SR407. Zehneria scabra (L. f.) Sond. - Herbaceous twiner of clearings in drier forest, forest margins; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 30; Luke SR735. 166. Begoniaceae (Plana et al. 2006) Begonia eminii Warb. - Herbaceous climber of dry and swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4832; Festo 756, 1619; Mwiga 200; Sango Bay Luke SR248; new record for Tanzania. Begonia oxyloba Hook. f. - Herb in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4885. 35 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 168. Celastraceae (Robson et al., 1994) Elaeodendrom buchananii (Loes.) Loes. - rare understorey tree of dry forest including margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Ndira. Minziro Festo 307, 398; Luke SR653; Procter 928; Sitoni 981. Sango Bay Luke SR224. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Gymnosporia arbutifolia (A. Rich.) Loes. [synonym Maytenus arbutifolia (A. Rich.) Wilczek] tree, rare in understorey of swamp forest; Ethiopia to N Tanzania, Arabia. Minziro Festo 310. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Gymnosporia buchananii Loes.? - Minziro Luke SR755. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Gymnosporia gracilipes (Oliv.) Loes. subsp. arguta (Loes.) Jordaan [synonym Maytenus gracilipes (Oliv.) Exell subsp. arguta (Loes.) Sebsebe] - Shrub or small tree, widespread as scattered individuals in drier “western” and swamp forest, including margins; Ethiopia and S Sudan, Uganda, NW Tanzania, NE Congo, Rwanda, Burundi). Local name: Oluongwe. Minziro Bidgood 4833; Congdon 415; Festo 168, 234, 420, 1111; Sitoni 750. Sango Bay BR 147. Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. [synonym Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N. Robson] - understorey tree in swamp forest; Uganda and Kenya through eastern Africa to South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 384. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. [synonym Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock] - understorey tree, rare in swamp forest; S Uganda, SE Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 386. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. [synonym Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell] - shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, Tropical Asia. Local name: Munyabuliko, Omunyabuliko. Bark used as malaria remedy. Minziro Luke SR460; Procter 658; Sitoni 1011. Sango Bay BR 148. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N. Hallé - scandent shrub or woody climber of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 242. Loeseneriella apocynoides (Oliv.) J. Raynal var. guineensis (Hutch. & M. B. Moss) N. Hallé woody climber of dry forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Zambia. Minziro Bayona 92/42. New record for Tanzania. Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. - shrub or small tree, locally common in swamp forest; E Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, S Kenya, Tanzania, south to South Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4871; Festo 356, 734; Kayombo 3119; Sitoni 776. Sango Bay BR 146; Luke 17595. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock - understorey tree, common in dry forest, including margins; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Yemen. Local name: Mkanshe, Mukashe, Mwiganshanje. Minziro Bayona 92/19; Festo 709, 814, 1253; Kayombo 3135; Luke SR702; Procter 662, 700, 891; Sangiwa 95; Sitoni 996; Watkins 467, 523. Sango Bay BR 149. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. - tree, occasional in understorey of dry forest (rarely canopy); Ethiopia and Sudan south to South Africa and west to Angola and Namibia. Local name: Mutoma. Fruits edible. Minziro Festo 776; Procter 927; Sitoni 763; Watkins 517. Sango Bay BR 45. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Pristimera polyantha (Loes.) N. Hallé - Minziro Luke 17935. Salacia cerasifera Oliv. - scandent shrub or woody climber of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1252; Kayombo 3077. Salacia elegans Oliv. - scandent shrub or woody climber of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 352; Luke SR591. Sango Bay Luke SR172. Salacia erecta (G. Don) Walp. - scandent shrub or woody climber of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 333, 352; Luke SR760. 170. Connaraceae (Hemsley 1956) 36 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Baill. - scandent shrub or woody climber of dry forest, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 407; Gillman 464; Luke SR579. Sango Bay Luke SR448. Connarus longistipitatus Gilg - woody climber of dry and swamp forest, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Rugogoye, Rugoyegoye. Minziro Kayombo 3092; Luke SR627; Simon 406; Watkins 532 (neotype of species). Sango Bay BR 58; Luke SR173. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rourea thomsonii (Baker) Jongkind? or R. minor - liana in forest patch near lake; West, Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17647. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 171. Oxalidaceae (Kabuye 1971) Biophytum umbraculum Welw. (B. petersianum Klotzsch). – Herb of hillside grassland & bushland, seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Local name “Webumbe”. Minziro Bayona 92/28; Festo 539, 1071, 1213; Luke SR501; Sango Bay Luke 17601. Oxalis corniculata L. - Herb of forest pathsides; widespread in Africa. Local name “Kaitabatahe”. Minziro Festo 1131, 1132; Kayombo 3139; Luke SR834. 179. Rhizophoraceae (Lewis 1956) Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. var. ugandensis (Stapf) J. Lewis – Large tree of swamp forest; E DRC, Uganda, Kenya and Zambia. Sango Bay BR 46. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston - Tree in swamp forest, rather rare; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Malawi. Minziro Festo 353; Sango Bay BR 47. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cassipourea ruwenzoriensis (Engl.) Alston - Local name “Musali”. Tree in dry and swamp forest; E Congo, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1445; Fyffe 42; Watkins 465; Sango Bay BR 48; Luke 17678. 180. Erythroxylaceae (Verdcourt 1984a) Erythroxylum fischeri Engl. – Shrub in swamp forest; W Ethiopia to SE DRC. Sango Bay BR 84. 181. Ochnaceae (Verdcourt 2005c) Campylospermum bukobense (Gilg) Farron [synonyms Gomphia likimiensis (De Wild.) Verdc. , Campylospermum likimiense (De Wild.) I. Darbysh. & Kordofani] - - small tree of moist forest; Central and East Africa. Sango Bay BR 165 Campylospermum densiflorum (De Wild. & T. Durand) Farron [synonym Gomphia densiflora (De Wild. & Th. Dur.) Verdc.] - Scandent shrub of wet and dry forest; widespread in Africa. Local name “Munyaibabi, Omunyaibabi”. Minziro Bidgood 4841; Festo 268; Procter 650; Luke 17818; Sango Bay BR 164. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Campylospermum vogelii (Hook. f.) Farron [synonyms Gomphia vogelii Hook.f., Gomphia hiernii (Van Tiegh.) Lye] - Scandent shrub in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Benedicto 33; Sango Bay Luke 17753. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ochna afzelii Oliv. subsp. afzelii – Large tree of moist forest and wooded grassland; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 157. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ochna membranacea Oliv. - Small tree in dry and swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Congdon 370; Sango Bay BR 158; Luke SR229. 183. Clusiaceae (Milne-Redhead 1953, Bamps et al. 1978, as Hypericaceae) Garcinia buchananii Baker – Understorey tree in dry forest, rare; South Sudan through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Local name “Msarazi”. Minziro Congdon 398. Harungana madagascariensis Poir. - Shrub or small tree, a coloniser at forest margins; widespread in Africa. Local names “Mujumbu, Mujumbo, Omjumbo”. Minziro Festo 203, 419; Sango Bay BR 115; Luke SR59. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hypericum lalandii Chiosy - Herb of seasonal swampy grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1734, 1845; Gobbo 517; Simon 411; Sango Bay Luke 17772, 17812. 37 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Hypericum peplidifolium A. Rich. – Herb of tracks and clearings in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Kayombo 3132. Psorospermum febrifugum Spach - Shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Local name “Kinana, Mukonyo, Muwana”. Minziro Benedicto 34; Festo 823; Simon 345; Watkins 130; Luke SR459; Sango Bay BR 185. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Symphonia globulifera L.f. – Canopy tree of swamp forest; West to East Africa. Sango Bay BR 213. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 185. Podostemaceae (Beentje 2005) Tristicha trifaria (Willd.) Spreng. - Trailing herb on wet mud; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17858. 189. Putranjivaceae (in Radcliffe-Smith 1987, as Euphorbiaceae) Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. tomentosa A. R.-Sm. - Canopy tree in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 60. 192. Malpighiaceae (Launert 1968) Flabellaria paniculata Cav. - Woody climber in dry forest, swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/13; Congdon 414; Festo 557; Luke 17890.; Sango Bay Luke SR449. 195. Dichapetalaceae (Graham 1960) Dichapetalum madagascariense Poir. - Woody climber in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 396; Luke 17832. 197. Chrysobalanaceae (in Graham 1960, as Rosaceae) Parinari curatellifolia Benth. subsp. curatellifolia - Shrub or small tree of hillside grassland and bushland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Local name “Munazi”. Minziro Festo 713; Simon 357; Willan 226; Sango Bay BR 169. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Parinari excelsa Sabine – canopy tree in swamp forest; West, Central and East Africa. Sango Bay BR 170. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 199. Achariaceae (Sleumer 1975, as part of Flacourtiaceae) Dasylepis eggelingii J.B. Gillett – Shrub or small tree of moist forest; narrow endemic of eastern DRC and SW Uganda. Sango Bay BR 66. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Lindackeria bukobensis Gilg – small tree of forest (edges); eastern Africa. Sango Bay BR 129. Lindackeria schweinfurthii Gilg - Shrub in dry forest, rare; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/03; Congdon 378. Rawsonia lucida Harv. & Sond. - Shrub in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/32; Congdon 366; Festo 1444; Luke SR452. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 200. Violaceae (Grey-Wilson 1986) Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. subsp. engleriana (De Wild. & T. Durand) Grey-Wilson Small tree in dry forest; West and Central Africa. Minziro Festo 459. Rinorea brachypetala (Turcz.) Kuntze - Shrub or small tree in dry and wet forest, locally common; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4886; Festo 719, 818, 830; Sango Bay BR 195. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rinorea dentata (P. Beauv.) Kuntze - Shrub or small tree in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Gillman 445; Sitoni 759; Sango Bay BR 196. Rinorea ilicifolia (Oliv.) Kuntze var. ilicifolia - Small tree in swamp forest, many scattered individuals; widespread in Africa. Minziro Congdon 352; Festo 817; Procter 987; Luke 17917; Sango Bay BR 197. 38 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Rinorea oblongifolia (C.H. Wright) Marquand ex Chipp - Small tree in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Gobbo 545; Sango Bay Luke 17708; new record for Tanzania. 202. Passifloraceae (de Wilde 1975) Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms - Climber in swamp forest and forest patch near stream. Minziro Luke 17852; Sango Bay Luke SR243. Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. ssp. rumicifolia (Engl. & Harms) Lye (synonym Adenia rumicifolia Engl.) - Climber in swamp forest and dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 371; Sango Bay Luke SR449. Barteria fistulosa Mast. – Small tree in swamp forest edge and forest patch near stream; Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 29; Luke SR174. Basananthe hanningtoniana (Mast.) W.J.de Wilde – Erect or climbing herb in swamp forest edge; eastern Africa. Sango Bay Luke SR140. 204. Salicaceae (Wilmot-Dear, 1985) Casearia barteri Mast. (synonym Casearia runssorica Gilg) - tree, locally common in drier “western” and swamp forest; S Sudan, NE Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi. Local name Nyawoga. Minziro Bayona 92/28; Bidgood 4799, 4846; Festo 442, 783, 92/31; Luke 17880; Mwiga 199; Watkins 456, 502, 534. Sango Bay BR 43. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb. - Sango Bay BR 71. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Dovyalis macrocalyx (Oliv.) Warb. – shrub, common in drier “western” and swamp forest, forest edges; widespread in tropical Africa. Local names Mkangaki, Mukenge. Minziro Festo 365, 778, 781, 1848; Luke SR456; Procter 889; Sangiwa 91; Watkins 464. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Dovyalis spinosissima Gilg - shrub of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1833; Luke SR638; Mwiga 230; Procter 829. Dovyalis zenkeri Gilg – shrub of dry forest; West Africa to W Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/25; Festo 577. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. New record for Tanzania. Oncoba spinosa Forssk. - shrub or small tree of dry forest (margins); widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa and Arabia. Minziro Festo 1343; Procter 754. Sango Bay BR 162; Luke SR235. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Scolopia rhamniphylla Gilg – small tree, common in understorey of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local names Enkanaga, Mkanaga, Mukanasa. Minziro Bidgood 4793; Festo 262, 732, 742, 1679; Watkins 468. Sango Bay BR 203; Luke SR106. Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. subsp. tropica (Burkhill) Sleumer - Sango Bay BR 229. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 207. Euphorbiaceae (Radcliffe-Smith 1987, Carter & Radcliffe-Smith 1988) Acalypha acrogyna Pax - Shrub in dry forest, locally common; Ethiopia, S Sudan, NE Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Local name “Mkagati”. Minziro Bidgood 4779; Festo 26, 164A; Gereau 6276; Procter 1054; Watkins 516. Acalypha chirindica S. Moore – Herb of hillside grassland and bushland, forest edges; Tanzania and E Congo south to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 1307; Sitoni 980. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Acalypha lanceolata Willd. - Herb in swampy grassland, weed; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1331; Kayombo 3103; Luke 17912. Acalypha neptunica Müll. Arg. var. neptunica - Shrub of forest margins and along paths in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4767; Festo 341; Gereau 6268; Sitoni 967, 982; Luke 17894. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Acalypha neptunica Müll. Arg. var. pubescens (Pax) Hutch. - Shrub of forest margins and along paths in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Congdon 379, 400; Festo 38; Procter 152. Acalypha petiolaris Hochst. ex C. Krauss [synonym A. brachiata C. Krauss] - Herb of swamp forest edge, swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Luke SR553. Sango Bay Luke 17726. 39 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Acalypha supera Forssk. [synonym A. brachystachya Hornem.] – Herb of clearings in forest; widespread in Africa and tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1391, 1499; Mwiga 222. Acalypha racemosa Baill. - Shrub in dry forest, forest margins; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1443. Acalypha villicaulis Hochst. ex A. Rich. – Herb of hillside grassland and bushland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 491, 1322; Gereau 6260. Acalypha welwitschiana Müll. Arg. – Herb of hillside grassland and bushland; W Tanzania, Burundi, Malawi, Zambia, Angola. Minziro Sitoni 945. Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. - Scrambling shrub in drier and swamp forest, forest margins; widespread in Africa. Local name “Mujukuruzi, Omujuluhuzi”. Minziro Congdon 373; Festo 261; Gobbo 547; Willan 299; Luke SR671; Sango Bay BR 11; Luke SR57. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Alchornea floribunda Müll.Arg. – Shrub or small tree, can be common in clearings in swamp forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 12. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Alchornea hirtella Benth. forma glabrata (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. - Shrub in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 740; Sango Bay BR 13. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffm. - Shrub in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Local name “Mjululuzi”. Minziro Festo 18; Sango Bay BR 14. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. - Planted tree in village; originally from tropical Asia; now widely planted in all tropics. Minziro Festo 1727. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Argomuellera macrophylla Pax - Shrub or tree of drier and swamp forest, in forest margins; widespread in Africa. Local name “Mshesheme”. Minziro Benedicto 32; Festo 35, 172; Gereau 6285; Procter 63; Sitoni 724, 975; Watkins 457, 503; Willan 42, 47; Luke SR465; Sango Bay BR 25; Luke 17681. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Croton macrostachyus Delile – Tall tree of woodland riverside; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 62; Luke SR386. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Croton megalocarpus Hutch. - Canopy tree in dry forest, locally dominant, and edge of swamp forest; E Congo, Uganda and Kenya south to Mozambique and Malawi. Local name “Muhihi, Omuzizima”. Minziro Festo 549; Gereau 6347; Wye s.n.; Luke SR808; Sango Bay BR 63. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Croton sylvaticus Hochst. - Tree of forest patch on hill; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 64; Luke 17784. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Crotonogynopsis usambarica Pax - Tree in dry forest and forest margins; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 580. Discoclaoxylon hexandrum (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. - Shrub in swamp forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17872. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Erythrococca bongensis Pax - Shrub in dry forest; S Sudan, SW Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi. Minziro Festo 1405; Procter 1053, 1119. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Erythrococca trichogyne (Müll. Arg.) Prain - Shrub in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 164B. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Erythrococca sp. A of FTEA - Shrub in swamp forest. Minziro Luke SR588; Sango Bay Luke 17678. Only known from our area; would probably qualify for the Red List: Endangered. Euphorbia ingens E. Mey. ex Boiss. (syn. candelabrum Kotschy var. candelabrum) – Tree of termite mounds in swampy grassland; Ethiopia and Sudan through eastern Africe to Malawi and Zambia. Minziro Vollesen SR. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Euphorbia dawei N.E. Br. - Forest patch on hill; endemic to Albertine Rift area. Minziro Luke SR466. IUCN RedList: Near Threatened. Euphorbia grantii Oliv. – Shrub of hillside grassland and bushland, rocky outcrops; Uganda, Tanzania, E Congo, Burundi, NE Zambia. Minziro Festo 1725; Sango Bay BR 87. Euphorbia heterophylla L. – Herb of disturbed places; widespread in Africa. Minziro Sitoni 1013. Euphorbia hirta L. – Herb of disturbed places; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1137; Kayombo 3125. 40 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Euphorbia teke Pax - Tree in dry forest, usually on margins; Central African Republic, S Sudan, NE Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 414; Sango Bay BR 88; Luke 17749. Euphorbia tirucalli L. - Shrub or small tree of disturbed grassland and old fields, also planted as a hedge around houses; widespread in Africa. Local name “Mukonikoni”. Minziro Festo 764. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Jatropha curcas L. - Small tree, planted as fence around gardens; native of Tropical America, widely cultivated and naturalized. Local name “Ekio”. Minziro Festo 1733. Macaranga barteri Müll. Arg. – Canopy tree of moist and lakeside forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 133. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim var. kilimandscharica (Pax) Friis & M.G. Gilbert - Tree in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Sango Bay: BR 134; Luke 17564. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Macaranga monandra Müll. Arg. - Tree in swamp forest, locally common; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Festo 739; Sitoni 918, 952; Sango Bay BR 135; Luke SR62. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Macaranga schweinfurthii Pax - Canopy tree of Locally common to dominant in swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda, W Kenya and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name “Omutangalala”. Minziro Festo 381; Luke 655. Sango Bay BR 136; Luke SR8. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Macaranga spinosa Müll. Arg. - Tree in swamp forest, locally common; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name “Omushakwanyonyi”. Minziro Mwiga 196; Simon 344, Luke 17709; Sango Bay BR 137; Luke 17660. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll. Arg. var. oppositifolius forma glabratus (Müll. Arg.) Pax Shrub or small tree of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Local name “Mutete, Rukoma”. Minziro Festo 31, 146, 395, 583; Gereau 6269; Gobbo 561; Luke 17828, Makwilo 3; Procter 819; Watkins 129, 466; Willan 213, 298; Sango Bay BR 142; Luke SR251. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Plesiatropha carpinifolia (Pax) Breteler var. strigosa (Radcl.-Sm.) Breteler (synonym Mildbraedia carpinifolia (Pax) Hutch. var. strigosa A. R.-Sm.) - Shrub in dry forest; W. Tanzania, Mozambique. Minziro Festo 579; Luke 17869. Neoboutonia macrocalyx Pax - Tree of forest edges; eastern Africa. Sango Bay BR 155. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Neoboutonia melleri (Müll. Arg.) Prain - Tree in swamp forest, locally common; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4856; Festo 389, 703. Sango Bay BR 156; Luke SR656. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Pseudagrostistachys ugandensis (Hutch.) Pax & K. Hoffm. - Tree in swamp forest, locally common; E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4876; Festo 441; Sango Bay BR 183; Luke 17753. New record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ricinus communis L. - Herb, shrub or small tree of forest margins and clearings, a weed; widespread in Africa. Local names “Mujuna, Omujuna”. Minziro Festo 506, 1374. Shirakiopsis elliptica (Hochst.) Esser - Tree in swamp or dry forest, common in both understory and canopy; widespread in Africa. Local names “Mwiziti, Omushasha”. Minziro Bidgood 4893; Festo 12, 208, 547; Gereau 6303; Gobbo 555; Luke SR515; Sitoni 744; Wigg 297; Sango Bay BR 200; Luke SR62. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Suregada procera (Prain) Croizat - Common shrub or understorey tree in dry forest; S Sudan and SW Ethiopia through eastern Africa to South Africa. Local names “Mgango, Mgushagusha”. Minziro Bidgood 4830; Festo 337; Luke 17891, Procter 693, 822, 892; Watkins 451, 491; Sango Bay BR 212. Tetrorchidium didymostemon (Baill.) Pax & K. Hoffm. - Tree in swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda, NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name “Mweramainyo”. Minziro Bancroft 180; Sango Bay BR 221. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Tragia benthamii Baker - Herbaceous twiner in dry forest, clearings; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4831. New record for Tanzania. Tragia impedita Prain - Herbaceous twiner of forest edges, hillside grassland and bushland. Endemic to C & S Kenya, N & C Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 384. 41 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Tragia insuavis Prain - Herbaceous twiner in dry forest; endemic to W Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Festo 222. Tragia volubilis L. – scandent herb along paths in swamp forest; widespread in tropical America and Africa (possibly introduced). Minziro Luke 17842. 208. Linaceae (Smith 1966) Hugonia platysepala Oliv. - Woody climber in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Local name “Kinyamarobo”. Minziro Festo 209, 368; Luke SR593; Sango Bay Luke SR102. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 209. Ixonanthaceae (Verdcourt 1984b) Irvingia gabonensis (O'Rorke) Baill. - Tree in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17687, Luke SR. IUCN RedList: Lower Risk/Near Threatened. Klainedoxa gabonensis Pierre ex Engl. var. oblongifolia Engl. - Canopy tree in dry forest (rare) and swamp forest (occasional) ; widespread in Africa. Local name “Omulemampango”. Minziro Festo 265; Gereau 6271, 6275; Luke SR635; Sango Bay BR 121; Luke 17686. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 211. Phyllanthaceae (in Carter & Radcliffe-Smith 1988, as Euphorbiaceae) Antidesma laciniatum Müll. Arg. subsp. membranaceum (Müll. Arg.) J. Leonard – Understorey tree of swamp forest edge; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17678. Antidesma membranaceum Müll. Arg. – Understorey tree of dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 67; Sango Bay BR 23. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Antidesma venosum E. Mey. ex Tul. - Shrub or small tree of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1291; Procter 988. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Antidesma vogelianum Müll. Arg. – Understorey tree in dry forest and swamp forest, often on margins, common; widespread in Africa. Local name “Mulilolilo”. Minziro Festo 142, 279; Gobbo 544; Kayombo 3055; Luke 17900; Sitoni 920; Watkins 472. Bridelia atroviridis Müll. Arg. - Tree in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 736; Gereau 6341, 6346; Gobbo 574; Sitoni 762; Sango Bay Luke 17711. Bridelia brideliifolia (Pax) Fedde – shrub or tree in forest edges; East Africa. Sango Bay BR 36. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. – Tree in drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Local names “Msamiko, Mugimbo, Mushamako, Omushamako”. Minziro Festo 46, 346, 423; Gereau 6283; Kayombo 3091; Sango Bay BR 37; Luke SR52, 17583. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Bridelia scleroneura Müll. Arg. - Shrub or small tree in hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, on termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1424; Watkins 123. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cleistanthus polystachyus Planch. – Straggly shrub to canopy tree, may be co-dominant in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name “Mkenge, Mwingiti, Mzwili, Mzwiti, Omuriziti”. Minziro Bidgood 4880; Eggeling 6249; Festo 235, 336, 399, 409, 443, 457, 809, 1294, 1534; Gereau 6273, 6285; Luke SR622; Procter 149, 752; Sangiwa 89; Simon 339, 407; Sitoni 803; Watkins 119, 483; Willan 280, 282, 284; Sango Bay BR 54; Luke 17690. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Flueggea virosa (Willd.) Voigt subsp. virosa - Shrub in dry forest, riverside in woodland or on termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Local name “Luguera, Mubwela”. Minziro Festo 40, 218; Kayombo 3113; Procter 767, 888, 1117; Watkins 480; Sango Bay BR 106; Luke SR388. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Heywoodia lucens Sim - Canopy tree in swamp or dry forest, locally common to dominant; widespread in Africa. Local name “Embuli, Emburi, Mbuli”. Minziro Eggeling 6247; Festo 155, 458, 468, 1105; Gereau 6326; Luke SR695; S. M. Philip 514; Procter 148; Watkins 124, 452, 453, 454; Wigg s.n.; Willan 300, 497. 42 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G. L. Webster var. fagifolia (Pax) A. R.-Sm. - Tree in dry forest; widespread in tropical and South Africa. Minziro Festo 243, 543; Sango Bay BR 144. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth. – Annual herb in open places in swamp forest; widespread in Old World tropics. Sango Bay Luke 17697. Phyllanthus boehmii Pax var. boehmii - Herb in swampy grassland; Ethiopia and Uganda through eastern Africa to Zambia and Malawi. Minziro Kayombo 3130. Phyllanthus inflatus Hutch. – Understorey tree in dry forest; S Sudan and Kenya through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 154. Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. var. capillaris (Schumach. & Thonn.) Radcl.-Sm. - Herb of forest margins, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical and South Africa. Minziro Gereau 6293; Kayombo 3047; Simon 347, 378. Phyllanthus odontadenius Müll. Arg. – Herb of disturbed or secondary forest, a weed; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Kayombo 3110, 3133. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. var. reticulatus - Scandent shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 729. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Phyllanthus sp. – two specimens, both from the edge of swamp forest, resemble P. nummulariifolius but have six sepals: Minziro Luke SR773; Sango Bay Luke 17629. Spondianthus preussii Engl. subsp. glaber (Engl.) J. Léonard & Nkounkou - Tree in swamp forest, occasional in both understory and canopy; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Festo 725; Gereau 6274; Luke SR621; Sitoni 741; Sango Bay BR 209; Luke SR417. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Uapaca guineensis Müll.Arg. – canopy tree in moist forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke SR1. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Uapaca mole Pax (U. paludosa Aubrev. & Leandri) - canopy tree in moist forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 233. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 213. Francoaceae (incl. Melianthaceae, Verdcourt 1958) Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. abyssinica - understorey tree, common in drier “western” and wetter eastern” forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Muhungula, Munyama, Muyungula, Rulalankuba. Minziro Festo 180, 366, 743, 1456, 1828; Luke SR457Makwilo 2; Procter 765; Watkins 471, 484; Wigg 296; Willan 275. Sango Bay BR 32; Luke SR103. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. paullinioides (Planch.) Verdc. - tree, rare in understorey of drier “western” and wetter eastern” forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Gereau 6289. 214. Combretaceae (Wickens 1973) Combretum molle G. Don - Tree, common in hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Minziro Procter 88. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Combretum paniculatum Vent. - Liana in dry forest (margins); widespread in Africa. Local name “Rubona”. Minziro Festo 406, 1591; Procter 86, 663, 691; Sangiwa 87. Combretum sp. – Liana in degraded Baikiea/Heywoodia Forest. Minziro Luke 17896. 215. Lythraceae (Verdcourt 1994) Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth - Herb or subshrub, planted in villages, also a weed; originally from South America, widely cultivated. Minziro Festo 1129. Punica granatum L. - Shrub or small tree, planted in village; originally Mediterranean, now widely cultivated and occasionally naturalized. Minziro Festo 1817. 216. Onagraceae (Brenan 1953) Ludwigia abyssinica A. Rich. - Woody herb in forest patch near lake; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17659. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) H. Hara - Herb in swamp forest edge; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17537? (capsules immature). IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 43 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 218. Myrtaceae (Verdcourt 2001c) Eugenia bukobensis Engl. - Shrub or small tree in swamp forest; endemic to S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Kayombo 3039, 3117; Luke SR451; Sango Bay BR 86; Luke 17722. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Psidium guajava L. - Shrub or small tree in cultivated areas, persisting in abandoned fields, swamp grassland; originally American, widely planted, occasionally naturalized. Minziro Festo 527, 1784; Luke SR552. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Syzygium congolense Amshoff - Canopy tree of wet (common) and dry (rare) forest; Cameroon to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Local name “Kalunginsanvu, Karunginsanvu, Mchwezi, Omunuma”. Minziro Festo 277; Gereau 6279; Gobbo 560; Simon 343; Sitoni 745; Sango Bay Luke 17649. Syzygium cordatum Krauss – Tree of seasonal swamp grassland and along streams; widespread in Africa. Local name “Mugege, Ngege, Omugege”. Minziro Festo 302; Procter 146; Sango Bay BR 214; Luke SR58. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. - Tree in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Sango Bay BR 215; Luke SR12. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Syzygium sp.3 - Coppiced tree of forest patch near lake. Sango Bay Luke 17667. 219. Melastomataceae (Wickens 1975) Antherotoma naudinii Hook. f. – Herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1470. Antherotoma senegambiensis (Guill. & Perr.) Jacq.-Fél. var. senegambiensis (synonym Dissotis senegambiensis (Guill. & Perr.) Triana) - Herb of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4801; Festo 1184. Calvoa orientalis Taub. - Herb in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4881; Festo 287, 789. Dissotis congolensis (Cogn. ex Büttner) Jacq.-Fél. - Woody herb of seasonal swamp grassland; West and Central Africa. Minziro Festo 1014. Sango Bay Luke 17758. Dissotis phaeotricha (Hochst.) Hook. f. var. phaeotricha - Herb of seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4802; Festo 708; Haarer 2319; Sitoni 1032. Dissotis speciosa Taub. - Shrubby herb or shrub of seasonal swamp grassland, edge of swamp forest; S Sudan through eastern Africa to Zambia. Local name “Kanulilizi”. Minziro Festo 23, 107, 1073; Haarer 2318; Simon 359A; Luke 17924; Sango Bay Luke 17584. Dissotis trothae Gilg - Shrubby herb of seasonal swamp grassland and bushland on stony soil; S Uganda, W Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia. Minziro Festo 47, 133. Dissotis sp.3 - Herb of seasonal swamp grassland. Sango Bay Luke 17742 Dupineta brazza (Cogn.) Veranso-Libalah & G. Kadereit [Dissotis brazzae Cogn.] – Herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 193, 1503; Gillman 467; Gobbo 525, 543. Heterotis canescens (Graham) Jacq.-Fél. - Herb of seasonal swamp grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 45, 132, 1187; Gereau 6256; Sango Bay Luke 17609. Heterotis decumbens (P. Beauv.) Jacq.-Fel. - Herb of seasonal swamp grassland, forest edges; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 405; Simon 359B. Heterotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Jacq.-Fél. - Herb in dry forest paths and clearings; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1284. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Melastomastrum capitatum (Vahl) A. Fern. & R. Fern. - Woody herb of seasonal swamp grassland; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17768. Melastomastrum segregatum (Benth.) A. Fern. & R. Fern. – Shrub in edge of swamp forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17535. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Memecylon myrianthum Gilg - Small tree, locally common in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4887; Festo 271, 429, 757; Gereau 6343; Kayombo 3073; Sitoni 749; Luke 17825; Sango Bay BR 151; Luke SR213. 44 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Tristemma leiocalyx Cogn. - Woody herb of paths and clearings in dry forest, swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/26; Festo 158; Sango Bay Luke 17751. New record for Tanzania. Tristemma mauritianum J. F. Gmel. - Herb in dry forest paths and clearings, seasonal swamp grassland and forest patch near stream; widespread in Africa. Local name “Entuntumu, Ntoketoke”. Minziro Bayona 92/35; Festo 13; Luke SR672. Warneckea jasminoides (Gilg) Jacq.-Fél. – shrub, common in dry and wet forest; E Congo, S Uganda, NW & W Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4869; Eggeling 6250; Festo 165, 790; Kayombo 3075; Procter 1098; Sango Bay BR 150. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 238. Burseraceae (Gillett 1991) Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. - canopy tree, rare in swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Tanzania, Angola, N Zambia. Local name: Mubafu, Omubafu. Edible fruit. Timber tree in other parts of Africa. Minziro Festo 318. Sango Bay BR 38. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 239. Anacardiaceae (Kokwaro 1986) Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. var. welwitschii - tree, rare in canopy of swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, Angola. Minziro Simon 337. Sango Bay BR 123. New record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich.) Engl. - tree, locally common to dominant in canopy of drier “western” and wetter “eastern“ forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, N Zambia. Local name: Mairu, Muziru, Mziro, Omuziro. Fruit edible. Minziro Bidgood 4782; Festo 69; Luke SR629; Simon 408. Sango Bay BR 184; Luke 17590, 17623, 17695. Searsia kwangoensis (Van der Veken) Moffett? – edge of swamp forest; Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17591. Searsia natalensis (C. Krauss) F.A.Barkley [synonyms Rhus glaucescens A. Rich., R. natalensis Krauss of FTEA] - shrub or small tree of forest margins, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, Arabia. Minziro Festo 1149; Luke SR768. Sango Bay BR 192. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Searsia pyroides (Burch.) Moffett var. pyroides [synonyms Rhus pyroides Burch., R. vulgaris Meikle of FTEA) - small tree at edge of swamp forest, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Omukanshukanshu. Minziro Festo 136, 256, 428; Gereau 6301; Luke SR650; Simon 348.Luke Sango Bay BR 194; Luke 17607. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Searsia ruspolii (Engl.) Moffett - Sango Bay BR 193. Sorindeia juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Oliv. [synonym Sorindeia submontana van der Veken] - tree in understorey of “swamp forest”; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Muigi, Muzingirizi (Kihaya). Minziro Bancroft 179, 192. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 240. Sapindaceae (Davies & Verdcourt, 1998) Allophylus africanus P. Beauv. var. africanus - tree, common in understorey of drier “western” and swamp forest, usually on or near margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mtete. Minziro Bidgood 4823; Festo 144, 162, 225, 1114, 1163, 1309, 1380; Sitoni 921; Watkins 524. Sango Bay BR 15. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Allophylus dummeri Baker f. - Sango Bay BR 16. Allophylus ferrugineus Taub. var. ferrugineus - shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mutete, Muzo. Minziro Bidgood 4778; Festo 233, 303, 350, 466; Gereau 6278; Mwiga 229; Sitoni 1003, 1005; Willan 217, 330. Sango Bay BR 17. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Allophylus pseudopaniculatus Baker f.? - Sango Bay Luke 17577. 45 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Blighia unijugata Baker - tree, locally common in canopy of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Omuziru. Minziro Festo 313; Gereau 6277; Procter 1042. Sango Bay BR 34. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Blighia welwitschii (Hiern) Radlk.? - Sango Bay BR 35; Luke SR39? IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cardiospermum grandiflorum SW. - twiner of margins of dry forest, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical America. Minziro Festo 1222. Sango Bay Luke SR121. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. microcarpum (Kunth) Blume - weedy herb of swampy grassland; pantropical. Minziro Festo 528. Chytranthus atroviolaceus Hutch. & Dalz. - tree of understorey in swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 788. Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius Baker?? - Small tree of East African riverine fringes; no records for U 4 in FTEA. Sango Bay BR 125. Lychnodiscus cerospermus Radlk. var. mortehanii (De Wild.) Hauman - tree, rare in understorey of swamp forest; S Sudan, E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 578; Gereau 6340. Sango Bay BR 132; Luke 17715. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. New record for Tanzania. Majidea fosteri (Sprague) Radlk. - Canopy tree or emergent, rare in dry forest; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Local name: Mshungute. Minziro Bidgood 4781; Festo 1613; Watkins 537. Sango Bay BR 141. Pancovia turbinata Radlk. - tree, rare in understorey of dry forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 717, 1447; Luke 17781. Sango Bay BR 168. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Paullinia pinnata L. - woody climber in drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical America. Minziro Festo 177, 1266; Gobbo 548; Luke SR590. Sapindus saponaria L. - tree of forest margin (relic from old habitation); native of Central and South America, now widely cultivated in all tropics. Local name: Omupiki. Minziro Festo 1385. Zanha golungensis Hiern - Canopy tree or emergent, rare in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 822. Sango Bay BR 241; Luke 17706. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 241. Rutaceae (Kokwaro 1982) Citropsis articulata (Spreng.) Swingle & M. Kellerm. - shrub of dry forest, locally common; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4797; Congdon 412; Festo 755; Luke SR609; Parry s.n. (“F”); Procter 1044. Sango Bay BR 52; Luke SR301. Clausena anisata (Willd.) Benth. - shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Mtariwa, Mutataramumnyanya, Mutaterabanyanya. Minziro Festo 39, 375; Kayombo 3040; Luke SR505; Mwiga 232; Procter 699; Willan 222, 320. Sango Bay BR 53; Luke SR69. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Fagaropsis angolensis (Engl.) Dale - Sango Bay BR 89. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. - scandent shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, India. Minziro Festo 63, 171, 255, 374, 1254; Kayombo 3071; Luke SR494. Sango Bay BR 222; Luke SR142. Vepris grandifolia (Engl.) Mziray - shrub or small tree, common in drier “western” and swamp forest; Cameroun to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, NE Zambia, Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4874; Festo 752; Kayombo 3150. Vepris nobilis (Delile) Mziray - tree of dry or swamp forest; Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. Minziro Luke SR506. Sango Bay BR 219; Luke SR221. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G. Waterman - tree of moist forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 242. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. - shrub or understorey tree, widespread as single plants in drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Entare yeilungu. Roots used as malaria remedy. Minziro Bayona 92/18; Kayombo 3152. Sango Bay BR 243. 46 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Zanthoxylum rubescens Planch. ex Hook.f. - tree of moist and riverine forest; West, Central and East Africa. Minziro Luke 17936. Sango Bay BR 244. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 243. Meliaceae (Styles & White, 1991) Carapa grandiflora Sprague – tree of swamp forest; East DRC to Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and NW Tanzania: Albertine Rift endemic. Sango Bay BR 41. Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. – tree of forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 77. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C. DC. – canopy tree of moist forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 80. IUCN RedList: Near Threatened. Entandrophragma excelsum (Dawe & Sprague) Sprague - canopy tree of moist forest; eastern Central and East Africa. Sango Bay BR 81. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Leplaea cedrata (A.Chev.) E.J.M. Koenen & J.J. de Wilde [Guarea cedrata (A. Chev.) Pellegr.] canopy tree, locally common in swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Simon 340. Sango Bay BR 113. New record for Tanzania; IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C. DC. - canopy tree, occasional in swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Occasionally planted for timber. Minziro Festo 444. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Lepidotrichilia volkensii (Gürke) J.-F. Leroy - shrub or understorey tree in dry forest; Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to Malawi. Minziro Festo 754. Sango Bay BR 126. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Lovoa trichilioides Harms - Sango Bay BR 131. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Trichilia dregeana Sond. - canopy tree, rare in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Musunkuti. Cut for timber in the 1950’s. Minziro Festo 567, 701, 738, 763; Procter 1124. Sango Bay BR 225. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Trichilia rubescens Oliv. - Tree of swamp forest; widespread in Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 226; Luke 17682. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Turraea robusta Gürke - Sango Bay BR 231. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Turraea vogelioides Bagsh. & Baker f. - shrub, occasional in drier “western” and swamp forest; E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, S Uganda, NW & W Tanzania. Minziro Carmichael 1138; Festo 342; Kayombo 3043; Luke 17817; Mwiga 225; Procter 100, 776; Watkins 490. Sango Bay BR 232; Luke 17680. 247. Malvaceae (Verdcourt & Mwachala 2009; as Bombacaceae, Beentje 1989; as Tiliaceae, Whitehouse et al. 2001; as Sterculiaceae Cheek & Dorr 2007) Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medic. - Shrubby herb in swampy grassland, on termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1762. Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. - Canopy tree in swamp forest, rare; widespread in Africa. Local name “Msufi”. Minziro Festo 316. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Corchorus trilocularis L. - Herb. Hillside grassland and bushland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Kayombo 3144. Dombeya buettneri K. Schum. – Shrub or small tree of forest edges; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 70. Dombeya burgessiae Harv. - Shrub or small tree; of hillside grassland and bushland; E Congo and Uganda through eastern Africa to South Africa. Local name “Lukarabo”. Minziro Festo 765, 1060, 1313; Luke 17798, 17952; Procter 660. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Glyphaea brevis (Spreng.) Monach. - Scandent shrub in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4795; Festo 274; Gobbo 562; Sango Bay BR 109; Luke 17655. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Grewia rugosifolia De Wild. - Scandent shrub in margins of dry forest; E Congo, Burundi, S Uganda, NW & W Tanzania. Minziro Festo 173, 217, 467, 556, 1403; Procter 818; Sango Bay Luke 17782. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Grewia seretii De Wild. – Tree or liana of swampy forest; Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 111 47 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Grewia similis K. Schum. - Scandent shrub of forest margins, termite mounds, swampy grassland; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to S Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1407. Grewia trichocarpa A. Rich. – Shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia and Sudan to N & C Tanzania, Arabia. Minziro Procter 778, 1045; Luke SR839; Sango Bay BR 112. Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. - Shrub in dry forest, often along paths and in clearings; widespread in Africa. Local name “Rukungi”. Minziro Borota 30; Festo 1567; Mwiga 217; Sangiwa 96; Luke SR749. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hibiscus cannabinus L. - Herb in swampy grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 403; Luke SR793. Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. subsp. diversifolius - Herb in swampy grassland, edge of swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 126, 252, 1554; Sango Bay Luke 17587. Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. subsp. rivularis (Bremek. & Oberm.) Exell – Herb in edge of swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Luke SR779. Sango Bay Luke SR316. Hibiscus fuscus Garcke subsp. fuscus – Subshrub of degraded forest, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Local name “Lusingasinga”. Minziro Festo 498, 1625; Kayombo 3159; Procter 702; Sitoni 997; Luke SR711; Sango Bay BR 117. Hibiscus rostellatus Guill. & Perr. - Scrambling herb by paths in dry forest, in forest margins; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 253, 1046, 1169; Luke 17878. Hibiscus surattensis L. - Scrambling herb in dry forest, along paths and in clearings; widespread in Africa. Local name “Kakungiri”. Minziro Festo 226; Gobbo 549; Sitoni 1009; Sango Bay Luke SR167. Hibiscus vitifolius L. subsp. vitifolius - Herb in swampy grassland, on termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1630. Kosteletskya adoensis (A. Rich.) Mast. - Scrambling herb in dry forest, along paths and in clearings; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 231, 1279. Kosteletzkya buettneri Gürke - Herb in swampy grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Vollesen SR. Melochia melissifolia Benth. var. mollis K. Schum. – Herb along paths in dry forest, seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1272; Sango Bay Luke 17765; Luke SR112. Pterygota mildbraedii Engl. – Canopy tree of forest near water; restricted Central African distribution. Sango Bay BR 187. Sida javensis Cav. – Herb along paths in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1767. Sida ovata Forssk. - Herb in hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1304, 1790. Sida rhombifolia L. var. riparia Burtt Davy – Herb by paths in dry forest, swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 232; Mwiga 214; Luke 17927, SR765. (Note: Luke 17925 from Minziro might be another subspecies) Sterculia dawei Sprague - Tree in swamp forest, rare in understorey and canopy; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 582; Sango Bay Luke 17692. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. New record for Tanzania. Triumfetta annua L. forma annua – Herb of paths and edges of dry forest, swampy grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 176, 1453; Kayombo 3126. Triumfetta brachyceras K. Schum. - Seasonal swamp grassland; East Africa. Sango Bay BR 230; Luke SR130. Triumfetta cordifolia Guill., Perr. & A. Rich. var. tomentosa Sprague - Shrubby herb of paths and edges of dry forest, swampy grassland, termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Local names “Bikabalabo, Ekikarabolo, Kikalabo, Kikulabo”. Minziro Festo 22, 427, 564, 1258; Gobbo 552. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. - Herb of forest margins, swampy grassland, termite mounds, roadsides; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 526, 1116, 1267; Kayombo 3106; Luke SR838; Sango Bay Luke SR63. 48 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Triumfetta setulosa Mast. - Woody herb of hillside grassland and bushland, swamp grassland, edge of swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1782; Luke SR569; Sango Bay Luke 17626. Urena lobata L. - Subshrub in swampy grassland, roadsides, weed; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 121, 1414, 1702; Sitoni 772; Sango Bay Luke SR131. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 249. Thymelaeaceae (Peterson 1978) Craterosiphon beniense Domke - Scandent shrub in dry forest and swamp forest; rather uncommon in Central Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4828; Luke SR584; Sango Bay Luke 17691. New record for Tanzania. Gnidia chrysantha (Solms) Gilg - Herb in swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4806; Festo 330, 1178, 1837; Gane 110; Haarer 2326; Sitoni 998; Luke 17930. Peddiea fischeri Engl. - Shrub or small tree in dry forest and swamp forest, fairly common; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name “Mutukula”. Minziro Bidgood 4792; Festo 269, 373, 422; Kayombo 3156; Procter 989; Sitoni 778; Watkins 459, 481; Luke SR576; Sango Bay BR 173; Luke SR37. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 268. Capparaceae (Elffers et al. 1964, as Capparidaceae) Capparis erythrocarpos Isert var. erythrocarpos - Woody climber in forest margins and on termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 827. Capparis fascicularis DC. var. elaeagnoides (Gilg) DeWolf - Scandent shrub on termite munds in grassland; widespread in Africa. Loval name “Mukamira”. Minziro Procter 696; Watkins 479. Capparis tomentosa Lam. – Herb of forest margins, termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Local name “Rubwabongo”. Minziro Festo 344, 824, 1415, 1549; Haarer 2308; Procter 697, 991; Watkins 482; Luke SR728; Sango Bay BR 40. Maerua duchesnei (De Wild.) F. White - Scandent shrub in dry and degraded forest; West and Central Africa. Minziro Festo 345, 716; Luke SR714; Sango Bay BR 138. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ritchiea albersii Gilg – Tree of degraded forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17875; Sango Bay BR 198. 269. Cleomeaceae (Elffers et al. 1964, as Capparidaceae) Cleome gynandra L. – Herb of termite mounds and disturbed grassland; widespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 1740. Cleome monophylla L. – Herb of hillside grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1655; Mwiga 213. Cleome schimperi Pax – Herb of wet forest pathsides and, wet grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1729; Haarer 2280; Kayombo 3138; Mwiga 228. 270. Brassicaceae/Cruciferae (Jonsell 1982, as Cruciferae) Cardamine trichocarpa A. Rich. – Herb of disturbed grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1124. Erucastrum arabicum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. – Herb of disturbed grassland; widespread in tropical Africa and Arabia. Minziro Festo 1810. Rorippa micrantha (Roth) Jonsell – Herb of wet places and along paths in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Congdon 402; Procter 994. 273. Olacaceae (Lucas 1968) Heisteria parvifolia Sm. - Sango Bay BR 116. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Strombosia scheffleri Engl. - tree, locally common in understorey of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Vollesen SR. Sango Bay BR 210; Luke SR41. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 275. Balanophoraceae (Hansen 1993) 49 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Thonningia sanguinea Vahl - parasitic herb of dry forest; West Africa to W Ethiopia, Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, N Zambia, N Angola. Minziro Eggeling 6242. 276. Santalaceae (Polhill 2005) Thesium stuhlmannii Engl. - parasitic herb of swampy grassland; Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya NW Tanzania. Minziro Haarer 2279. 279. Loranthaceae (Polhill & Wiens, 1999) Agelanthus brunneus (Engl.) Balle & N. Hallé - epiphytic parasitic shrub, common throughout the drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4790; Kielland 11, 12, 14, 15; Luke 17843, 17941. Agelanthus krausei (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens - epiphytic parasitic shrub of dry forest; Rwanda, Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 367; Sitoni 743. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Agelanthus musozensis (Rendle) Polhill & Wiens - epiphytic parasitic shrub of dry forest; Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Local name: Mtoma (also used for Ficus thonningii). Minziro Sangiwa 101. Englerina schubotziana (Engl. & K. Krause) Polhill & Wiens - epiphytic parasitic shrub of dry forest and wooded grassland; E Congo, Rwanda, W Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 377; Festo 558; Luke 17939. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tiegh. - epiphytic parasitic shrub of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, cultivated areas; Ethiopia to South Africa, west to Angola. Minziro Festo 319, 714. Globimetula braunii (Engl.) Danser - epiphytic parasitic shrub of dry forest, weed in coffee plantations; West Africa to S Sudan Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, south to Angola and N Zambia. Minziro Congdon 386; Kayombo 3161. Phragmanthera usuiensis (Oliv.) M. G. Gilbert - epiphytic parasitic shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Gereau 6288; Luke 17940. Sango Bay Luke 17646. Tapinanthus constrictiflorus (Engl.) Danser - epiphytic parasitic shrub of dry forest; Gabon and Angola eastwards to S Sudan Uganda, W Kenya and NW Tanzania. Minziro Kielland s.n. 282. Plumbaginaceae (Wilmot-Dear 1976) Plumbago zeylanica L. - scandent shrub of dry forest, usually on; pantropical and subtropical. Local name: Enkira. Boiled roots used for treatment against intestinal worms. Minziro Festo 223, 1296, 1780; Luke SR708. 283. Polygonaceae (Graham 1958) Fagopyrum snowdenii (Hutch. & Dandy) S.P. Hong – straggling herb in swamp forest edge; East Africa and Cameroun. Minziro Luke SR753. Oxygonum sinuatum (Meisn.) Dammer – Herb of disturbed grassland; Eastern, widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1717. Persicaria decipiens (R. Br.) K. L. Wilson (Polygonum salicifolium Willd.)– Herb of wet places in forest and seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Local name “Rumnyamiga”. Minziro Gereau 6319; Watkins 493. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Sojak forma senegalensis - Herb in swamp, waterholes, riverside; widespread in Africa. Minziro Carmichael 1134; Festo 198, 246, 1675; Gereau 6353; Sango Bay Luke SR352. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Persicaria setosula (A. Rich.) K.L. Wilson – Herb of forest near lake; Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke SR185. Persicaria pulchra (Blume) Soják [synonym Persicaria madagascariensis (Meisn.) S. Ortiz & Paiva] - Herb of seasonal swamp grassland, riverside; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1244; Gereau 6323; Willan 163; Sango Bay Luke SR393. Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. - Herb in swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 869, 1005; Luke SR543. 50 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Rumex nepalensis Spreng. - Herb in dry forest along paths, in seasonal swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 227, 1690. 295. Caryophyllaceae (Turrill 1956) Drymaria cordata (L.) Roem. & Schult. - Herb in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1133, 1418. Stellaria mannii Hook.f. - Herb in dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4785; Festo 1602. 297. Amaranthaceae (Townsend 1985) Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera - Herb in dry forest and on termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 211, 363, 1061, 1280, 1346, 1460; Luke SR660. Aerva lanata (L.) Schult. – Herb of forest pathsides and margins, swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 779, 1087, 1191, 1352, 1537; Sango Bay Luke SR449. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. - Herb in swamps, wet grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Gereau 6315. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Amaranthus blitum L. [synonym Amaranthus lividus L. subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Probst] - Herb of disturbed grassland; widespread in Africa. Local name “Bodo, Mchicha, Omulili”. Minziro Festo 1730. Amaranthus dubius Thell. - Herb of disturbed grassland; originally from South America, now pantropical. Local names “Bodo, Mchicha, Omulili”. Minziro Festo 1731. Amaranthus graecizans L. subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan - Herb of disturbed grassland; widespread in Africa. Local name “Mulili”. Minziro Festo 1401. Celosia isertii C. C. Towns. - Herb in swamp forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 804; Gillman 412. Celosia schweinfurthiana Schinz - Herb in dry forest pathsides; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 270, 1448; Luke 17886. Celosia trigyna L. – Herb of disturbed sites; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 455, 504; Sango Bay Luke 17668. Chenopodium opulifolium Koch & Ziz - Herb of disturbed grassland; widespread in Africa. Local name “Mwetango”. Minziro Festo 519, 1399; Kayombo 3105. Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume var. pedicellata (C. B. Clarke) Cavaco - Herb in dry forest, edge of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1101, 1455; Procter 937; Willan 105; Sango Bay Luke SR141. Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz - Herb in swamp grassland; widespread in Africa. Local names “Ekikwasi, Kikwasi”. Minziro Festo 1348, 1709; Luke 17929. Dysphania schraderiana (Schult.) Mosyakin & Clemants [ Chenopodium schraderianum Schult.] – Herb of disturbed sites; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1653; Luke SR713. Gomphrena celosioides Mart. – Herb of roadsides; originally from South America, now a pantropical weed. Minziro Festo 1791. Psilotrichum majus Peter - Herb or subshrub in swamp forest and dry forest pathsides and clearings; E Congo, Uganda, E Kenya, N & W Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/01; Festo 1605; Sango Bay Luke SR271. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Pupalia lappacea (L.) A. Juss. var. velutina (Moq.) Hook. f. – Herb of forest margins; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1542. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 305. Phytolaccaceae (Polhill 1971) Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walter – Herb of wet and dry forest; widespread in Africa. Local name “Jikwazi ndogo”. Minziro Carmichael 1137; Congdon 401; Festo 364, 1106, 1446; Gereau 6280; Procter 61; Simon 366, 367; Sitoni 754; Willan 31, 104, 224, 225, 267; Luke SR692; Sango Bay Luke SR279. Phytolacca dodecandra L’Hér. - Scandent shrub of forest margins, grassland on clay, termite mounds; widespread in Africa. Local name “Muhoko, Mulemakyanda”. Minziro Festo 51, 1555, 1622; Luke SR717. 51 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 308. Nyctaginaceae (Whitehouse 1996) Mirabilis jalapa L. – Herb of disturbed sites; originally from tropical America, widely planted and naturalized in Africa. Minziro Festo 513, 514. Pisonia aculeata L. - Woody climber in swamp forest and dry forest; idespread (pantropical). Minziro Festo 189; Luke SR701; Sango Bay Luke SR267. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 309. Molluginaceae (Jeffrey 1961, as Aizoaceae) Glinus oppositifolius (L.) A. DC. - Herb in drying mud; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 254. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hypertelis cerviana (L.) Thulin (synonym Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser.) – Herb in hillside grassland; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1804. 312. Basellaceae (Verdcourt 1968b) Basella alba L. - Herbaceous twiner in dry forest margins; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1039, 1545, 1646. 315. Portulacaceae (Phillips 2002) Portulaca oleracea L. – Herb of abandoned fields; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 1134. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Schweinf. – Herb of grassland. Widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 885. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 317. Cactaceae (Hunt 1968) Rhipsalis baccifera (J. Mill.) Stearn - Epiphytic herb of wet and dry forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Festo 411, 1559; Kayombo 3153; Sitoni 742; Sango Bay Luke SR177. 325. Balsaminaceae (Grey-Wilson 1982) Impatiens burtonii Hook. f. var. burtonii – Herb of moist sites in forest; widespread in Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4889; Festo 199, 224, 1674. Impatiens niamniamensis Gilg – Herb of wet and dry forest; widespread in Africa. Local names “Mbatabata, Mrubaruba”. Minziro Bidgood 4834; Festo 286; Procter 723; Sangiwa 98; Watkins 509; Willan 159, 216; Sango Bay Luke 17656. 333. Sapotaceae (Hemsley 1968) Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don - Sango Bay BR 50. IUCN RedList: Near Threatened Chrysophyllum delevoyi De Wild. - tree of swamp forest; West and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 51; Luke SR230? Chrysophyllum pruniforme Engl. - tree, rare in canopy of dry forest, rare in swamp forest; West Africa to W Uganda and NW Tanzania Local name: Mshale. Minziro Luke 17918; Procter 692. Manilkara obovata (Sabine & G. Don) J. H. Hemsl. - tree, occasional in canopy of drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name: Enkunya, Mkanya, Mkunya, Nkunya. Timber tree of Minziro Festo 62, 456, 469, 1431; Gereau 6281; Hughes 345, 346, 347, 348; Luke SR725; Procter 828; Watkins 511; Wigg s.n. Sango Bay BR 143. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Mimusops bagshawei S. Moore - tree, common in canopy of drier “western” and swamp forest; S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Local name: Mshale, Musali, Omusharagani. Timber tree of Minziro Festo 397, 548; Gereau 6284; Hughes 351; Procter 1166. Sango Bay BR 152. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Pouteria altissima (A. Chev.) Baehni - Sango Bay BR 19. IUCN RedList: Least Concern/conservation dependent. 52 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Synsepalum brevipes (Baker) T. D. Penn. - tree of understorey (rarely canopy) of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 244; Gobbo 563; Simon 336. Sango Bay BR 167; Luke SR154. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 334. Ebenaceae (White & Verdcourt, 1996) Diospyros abyssinica (Hiern) F. White subsp. abyssinica - canopy tree or emergent, locally common in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Masali, Msale, Muhihi, Munya bushanja. Minziro Bayona 92/21; Procter 1122, 1123; Watkins 512, 513. Sango Bay BR 69; Luke SR218. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Euclea divinorum Hiern - shrub or small tree of dry forest, forest margins, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Yemen. Local name: Msikizi, Musikizi. Minziro Festo 186, 348; Kayombo 3097; Procter 800, 817, 820, 990; Wigg s.n. Sango Bay BR 85; Luke SR314. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Euclea schimperi (A. DC.) Dandy [Euclea racemosa L. subsp. schimperi (A. DC.) F. White] - tree, rare in understory of swamp forest; Egypt through Ethiopia and eastern Africa to Zimbabwe, Madagascar. Minziro Sitoni 770. 335. Primulaceae (Taylor 1958; incl. Myrsinaceae: Halliday 1984) Embelia schimperi Vatke - scandent shrub or tree of swamp forest; West to East to southern Africa. Sango Bay Luke SR16. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Embelia sp. - liana at edge of swamp forest. Minziro Luke 17908. Lysimachia ruhmeriana Vatke - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Olumwaga. Minziro Festo 1173, 1362; Luke 17911. Maesa lanceolata Forssk. - shrub or understorey tree of clearings and margins of drier “western” and swamp forest.; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia. Local name: Mkusnayana, Mziranyama, Mziranyoma, Oniuziranyama. Minziro Festo 20, 1140; Kayombo 3046; Luke SR474; Mwiga 233. Sango Bay BR 139; Luke SR56. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Maesa welwitschii Gilg - scandent shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest, occasional; Cameroon to S Sudan, Uganda, NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name: Mshekera. Minziro Festo 182, 1186, 1600; Bidgood 4825; Congdon 492; Luke 17877; Willan 161. Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez - tree of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke SR488. Sango Bay Luke SR19. 348. Icacinaceae (Lucas 1968) Apodytes dimidiata Arn. var. dimidiata [note: now in the family Metteniusaceae] - canopy tree, occasional in drier “western” and swamp forest; Uganda and Kenya through eastern Africa to South Africa. Local name: Munywamaizi, Ntoko. Minziro Festo 65, 413; Gereau 6287; Procter 102, 698, 799; Sitoni 736; Watkins 520. Sango Bay BR 24. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Leptaulus daphnoides Benth. - shrub or understorey tree of drier “western” and swamp; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Local name: Mwitangabi. Minziro Festo 584; Gereau 6264; Kayombo 3080; Procter 969; Simon 342; Sitoni 915; Watkins 538. Sango Bay BR 127; Luke 17693. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Leptaulus holstii (Engl.) Engl. - shrub or small tree of drier “western” and swamp forest; Congo, S Uganda, Tanzania, Angola. Minziro Bayona 92/20; Festo 153, 272; Gereau 6325; Kayombo 3134; Luke 17831; Procter 74; Sitoni 780, 974. Sango Bay BR 128. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rhaphiostylis beninensis (Planch.) Benth. - woody climber in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Kayombo 3079. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 352. Rubiaceae (Verdcourt 1976, Bridson & Verdcourt 1988 & Verdcourt & Bridson 1991) Agathisanthemum globosum (A. Rich.) Bremek. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Gereau 6305. 53 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Aidia micrantha (K. Schum.) F. White var. msonju (K. Krause) E. M. A. Petit - shrub or understorey (? rarely canopy) tree of drier “western” and swamp forest; S Uganda and Tanzania to Zimbabwe. Local name: Mtuwa, Omuha. Minziro Festo 159, 187; Gereau 6336, 6345; Luke SR455; Sitoni 719, 951; Watkins 529. Sango Bay BR 6. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Anthospermum herbaceum L. f. - herb of swampy grassland, forest margins; Ethiopia to Zimbabwe, South Africa, Yemen. Minziro Festo 1505; Kayombo 3094. Belonophora coffeoides Hook. f. subsp. hypoglauca (Hiern) S. E. Dawson & Cheek - small tree of swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, NW Tanzania, Angola, Zambia. Minziro Festo 773; Kayombo 3081; Mwiga 205; Sitoni 779. Sango Bay BR 31. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Bertiera racemosa (G. Don) K. Schum. - shrub or small tree of swamp forest, locally common; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4859; Festo 706. Sango Bay BR 33. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Chassalia cristata (Hiern) Bremek. - woody climber along streams in and on margins of swamp forest; Nigeria to S Sudan, S Uganda, W Kenya and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name: Lukamila. Minziro Bidgood 4850; Festo 704; Sangiwa 83; Sitoni 730. Sango Bay Luke SR89. Coffea canephora A. Froehner - shrub of swamp forest, locally common; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4852; Luke 17836? Sango Bay BR 56. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Coffea eugenioides S. Moore - shrub of dry forest, widespread as scattered individuals; S Sudan, E Congo, Uganda, Kenya, W Tanzania. Local name: Mbuni ya mwitu, Mumwanikibira, Mwanimwani, Omwani kibira. Minziro Bidgood 4766; Congdon 353; Festo 170, 351, 1107, 1437; Procter 62, 65, 98; Sitoni 728, 976; Watkins 463, 485; Wigg s.n. Sango Bay BR 57; Luke 17426, 17717. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Coffea sp. - Minziro Luke 17780, 17823, 17855, 17873, 17876, 17903. Craterispermum schweinfurthii Hiern - shrub or tree of understorey (? rarely canopy) of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mushakera. Minziro Gillman 160; Kayombo 3044; Luke SR578; Mwiga 235; Sitoni 725, 916. Sango Bay BR 61; Luke 17578. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Dictyandra arborescens Welw. ex Hook.f. - Sango Bay BR 68. Diodella sarmentosa (Sw.) Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral (synonym Diodia sarmentosa Sw.) scrambling herb along paths and in clearings in dry forest, roadsides; pantropical. Minziro Festo 108, 150, 1435, 1524. Edrastima goreensis (DC.) Neupane & N. Wikstr. (synonym Oldenlandia goreensis (DC.) Summerh.) - herb of swampy grassland and swamp; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1737. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Fleroya rubrostiputata (K. Schum.) Y.F. Deng [synonym Mitragyna rubrostipulata (K. Schum.) Havil.] - understorey or canopy tree of drier “western” (rare) and wetter “eastern” (locally common) forest; SW Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Malawi and Zambia. Local name: Omuziku. Minziro Bidgood 4873; Gereau 6354; Sitoni 751. Sango Bay BR 114. Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn. subsp. jovis-tonantis (Welw.) Verdc. var. jovis-tonantis tree on edge of degraded Baikiea/Heywoodia forest; Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17899. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Gardenia vogelii Planch. - shrub of swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Festo 767; Sitoni 973. Sango Bay Luke 17574. New record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Geophila uniflora Hiern [Geophila repens (L.) I. M. Johnston] - herb of forest floor; pantropical. Minziro Procter 935. Hymenocoleus hirsutus (Benth.) Robbr. - herb of forest floor; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4917; Festo 305; Luke SR611; Procter 91A; Sitoni 794. Sango Bay Luke SR280. 54 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Hymenocoleus neurodictyon (K. Schum.) Robbr. var. orientalis (Verdc.) Robbr. - herb of forest floor; West Africa to S Sudan and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4769; Festo 304; Procter 91. Keetia gueinzii (Sond.) Bridson - scandent shrub in margins of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 192; Congdon 390; Kayombo 3045; Sitoni 771. Sango Bay Luke SR85. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Keetia tenuiflora (Hiern) Bridson? - scandent shrub in woody patch amid swamp grassland; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Luke 17791. Keetia venosa (Oliv.) Bridson - scandent shrub or woody climber of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/22; Festo 551. Sango Bay Luke SR265. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Keetia zanzibarica (Klotzsch) Bridson subsp. gentilii (De Wild.) Bridson - scandent shrub in margins of dry forest; Cameroon to SW Ethiopia, E Congo, Rwanda, Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 147. Keetia sp. - Minziro Luke 17882. Kohautia coccinea Royle - weedy herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, India. Minziro Festo 1658. Lasianthus seseensis M.R.F. Taylor - shrub of swamp forest; endemic to S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 288. New record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Near Threatened. Leptactina platyphylla (Hiern) Wernh. - shrub or small tree of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 179, 1259. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Mussaenda arcuata Lam. ex Poir. - scandent shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest, forest margins; widespread in Tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 387, 445; Procter 144; Sitoni 943, 1001. Sango Bay Luke 17594? Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn. - woody climber of drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda, W Kenya and W Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Festo 179, 553; Mwiga 203; Procter 787. Sango Bay Luke SR210. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. subsp. fugax (Vatke) Verdc. - herb of forest patch near lake; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17639. Oldenlandia bullockii Bremek. - herb of swampy grassland; Uganda, W Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Burundi, Mozambique. Minziro Festo 836, 1466. Oldenlandia capensis L. f. var. pleiosepala Bremek. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Asia. Minziro Kayombo 3129. Sango Bay Luke 17602. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Oldenlandia corymbosa L. - herb of forest patch near lake; pantropical. Sango Bay Luke 17632. Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var. papillosa (Chiov.) Bremek. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, weed; NE Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Rwanda, Zambia. Minziro Festo 540. Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. var. scabridula Bremek. - herb of wet places along paths in “western” forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Gereau 6351; Kayombo 3142. Sango Bay Luke 17650, 17766. Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. var. seseensis Bremek. - herb of wet places along paths in “western” forest; endemic to S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4822. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. New record for Tanzania. Otomeria elatior (DC.) Verdc. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4809; Festo 102, 1083; Gane 111; Luke SR563. Sango Bay Luke 17615. Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. globosus Bridson - shrub or understorey tree of drier “western” and swamp forest; Cameroon to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4789; Festo 369; Gereau 6339; Kayombo 3065, 3068; Luke 17840; Sitoni 735. Sango Bay BR 166. Oxyanthus unilocularis Hiern - Tree of wet forest and river banks. Sierra Leone to DRC, South Sudan to Angola. Sango Bay Luke SR65. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 55 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Pauridiantha viridiflora (Hiern) Hepper - tree of understorey in swamp forest, common; Nigeria to S Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4888; Sitoni 799. Sango Bay BR 172. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Pavetta bagshawei S. Moore - shrub of dry forest; E Congo, S Uganda, NW Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi. Local name: Mbaruka, Msekera. Minziro Bidgood 4835, 4836; Festo 275, 868; Kayombo 3038; Luke 17826; Maitland 1082; Procter 1169; Sitoni 761; Watkins 462; Willan 285. Pavetta molundensis K. Krause - rare understorey tree of dry forest; Cameroon to S Sudan, Uganda, NW & W Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4776; Festo 273. Pavetta oliveriana Hiern var. oliveriana - shrub at edge of swamp forest; Ethiopia to W Kenya, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Luke 17792. Sango Bay Luke 17576. Pavetta subcana Hiern - shrub of forest margins, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, south to Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1404. Pavetta ternifolia (Oliv.) Hiern - shrub of dry forest; E Congo, Uganda, W Kenya, NW & W Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi). Local name: Mtaibare. Minziro Festo 16; Mwiga 231; Procter 993. Pentas herbacea (Hiern) Verdc. - shrubby herb along paths in dry forest; E Congo, Burundi, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/02; Festo 1451. New record for Tanzania. Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers subsp. quartiniana (A. Rich.) Verdc. var. leucaster (K. Krause) Verdc. - herb of swampy grassland; Ethiopia, S Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, NW Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda. Minziro Gereau 6258. Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke var. minor Bremek. - herb of swampy grassland, riverbanks; S Uganda and S Kenya through eastern Africa to S Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Gereau 6322; Simon 405. Psychotria bagshawei Petit - shrub of dry forest; E Congo, S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/40. New record for Tanzania. IUCN RedList: Endangered. Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke subsp. riparia (K. Schum. & K. Krause) Verdc. var. puberula (E.M.A. Petit) Verdc. - small tree of margins of swamp forest, swampy grassland; Uganda through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Festo 1442; Sitoni 954. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Psychotria ealaensis De Wild. - shrubby herb or subwoody climber of drier “western” and swamp forest; Cameroon to S Uganda, NW & W Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4826; Festo 148, 296, 408. Sango Bay Luke 17657. Psychotria lauracea (K. Schum.) Petit - shrub of dry forest, occasional; Uganda, S & C Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, NW Zambia. Minziro Bidgood 4798; Gereau 6329; Kayombo 3136; Luke 17776; Procter 885, 995, 1096. Psychotria mahonii C. H. Wright var. pubescens (Robyns) Verdc. - understorey tree of drier “western” and swamp forest; Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, E Congo. Minziro Festo 1290; Kayombo 3054; Luke 17905; Sitoni 956; Watkins 473. Sango Bay BR 186; Luke 17560. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Psychotria peduncularis (Salisb.) Steyerm. var. ciliato-stipulata Verdc. - shrub of swamp; Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, E Congo, NW Tanzania. Minziro Sitoni 797. Sango Bay Luke 17721. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. New record for Tanzania. Psychotria peduncularis (Salisb.) Steyerm. var. suaveolens (Hiern) Verdc. - shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest, locally common; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda, W Kenya, NW & W Tanzania, N Zambia, N Malawi. Local name: Muluru, Muturu. Minziro Bidgood 4842; Festo 17, 169, 285, 1048; Kayombo 3066, 3177; Luke SR842; Mwiga 201; Sangiwa 92, 102; Watkins 460; Willan 110, 279, s.n. (“C”). Psydrax parviflora (Afzel.) Bridson - Tree of forest, thicket or sometimes bush clumps in grassland. Senegal to Ethiopia, south to Angola. Sango Bay BR 39. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Psydrax schimperianus (A. Rich.) Bridson - shrub or small tree of dry forest; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Malawi and Zambia, Yemen). Local name: Mlimampango. Minziro Procter 821. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 56 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Rothmannia longiflora Salisb. - shrub or tree of dry forest; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda, W Kenya and W Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Bayona 92/12; Festo 156, 1103, 1681; Luke 17834? IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rothmannia urcelliformis (Hiern) Robyns - tree, occasional in understorey of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17881; Procter 656. Sango Bay BR 199. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rothmannia sp. - Sango Bay Luke SR254. Rubia cordifolia L. subsp. conotricha (Gand.) Verdc. - twiner of forest margins, termite mounds, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Sudan and Somalia through eastern Africa to South Africa. Local name: Akashalabagesi, Akashalabageshi. Minziro Festo 835, 1325; Kayombo 3148. Sango Bay Luke SR42. Rutidea orientalis Bridson - woody climber of swamp forest; Uganda and W Kenya through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 347. Sango Bay Luke 17746, SR34. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rutidea smithii Hiern subsp. smithii - woody climber of swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, N Zambia. Minziro Festo 257; Maitland 1267; Sitoni 774. Rytigynia acuminatissima (K. Schum.) Robyns - shrub or small tree of dry forest; Uganda, W Kenya, Rwanda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Procter 60. Sango Bay Luke 17663. IUCN RedList: Endangered. Rytigynia beniensis (De Wild.) Robyns - shrub of dry forest and forest margins, swampy grassland; Uganda, NW Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda). Minziro Festo 50, 1151, 1552. IUCN RedList: Near Threatened. New record for Tanzania. Rytigynia cf. sp. A of FTEA - tree of swamp forest. Sango Bay Luke 17565. Sabicea orientalis Wernham - woody climber of drier “western” and swamp forest, usually on margins and along streams; Cameroon, Congo, Burundi, Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4849; Festo 149; Gobbo 541; Kayombo 3042; Luke 17916; Procter 825, 936; Sitoni 968. Spermacoce natalensis Hochst. - weedy herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4800; Festo 1035, 1160, 1468, 1657; Simon 410. Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum.) Verdc. var. pubescens (Hepper) Verdc. - herb of along paths in drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1483; Luke 17885; Mwiga 223. Sango Bay 17619. Spermacoce quadrisulcata (Bremek.) Verdc. - herb of swamp grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17809. Tarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Sim subsp. gillmanii Bridson - shrub or understorey tree of drier “western” and swamp forest; S Sudan and W Kenya through eastern Africa to Zambia and Malawi. Minziro Festo 426, 760; Sitoni 760. Sango Bay BR 218; Luke SR69. Tricalysia coriacea (Benth.) Hiern subsp. nyassae (Hiern) Bridson - shrub or small tree of dry forest; Burundi, Tanzania, SE Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola. Local name: Mwamikibira mkubwa. Minziro Festo 412, 782, 1541; Watkins 527. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Tricalysia vanroechoudtii (Van Roech.) Robbr. - shrub of drier “western” and wetter “eastern” forest; E Congo, Burundi, S Uganda, NW Tanzania Local name: Omumwarikibira. Minziro Festo 1596, 1831; Bidgood 4895; Luke 17874, 17907; Procter 58. IUCN RedList: Near Threatened. Uncaria africana G. Don subsp. lacus-victoriae Verdc. - woody climber of dry forest, often along paths; S Ethiopia, E Congo, S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania Local name: Chigoyagoye, Ruyagya. Minziro Congdon 389, 417; Festo 174, 1271; Luke SR479; Procter 664; Watkins 533; Willan 160, 302. Sango Bay Luke SR253. Vangueria apiculata K. Schum. - shrub or small tree of dry forest, forest edges; Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 544; Mwiga 209. Sango Bay BR 234. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Vangueria volkensii K. Schum. - shrub or small tree of dry forest; Ethiopia and S Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda). Minziro Gobbo 538; Luke 17799; Procter 884; Procter 777; Sitoni 1000. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 57 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Vangueria sp. - Sango Bay Luke SR449. 353. Gentianaceae (Sileshi 2002; and part of Loganiaceae, Bruce & Lewis 1960) Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg - canopy tree, rare in swamp forest; Nigeria to S Sudan, Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola and N Zambia. Minziro Festo 860. Sango Bay BR 21; Luke SR195. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Exochaenium grande (E. Mey.) Griseb. (synonym Sebaea grandis (E. Mey.) Steud.) - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 848; Luke 17811. Exochaenium pumilum (Baker) A.W.Hill (synonym Sebaea pumila (Baker) Schinz) - herb of damp grassland; Central, East and Southeast Africa. Sango Bay Thomas 1308. 354. Loganiaceae (Bruce & Lewis 1960) Strychnos mitis S. Moore - canopy tree, rare in drier “western forest.; S Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Minziro Luke 17897; Watkins 514. Sango Bay BR 211. 356. Apocynaceae (Omino 2002 & Goyder et al. 2012) Alafia lucida Stapf - scandent shrub in forest patch near lake; widespread in W and Central Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17642. Alafia sp. - swamp forest. Sango Bay Luke SR282. Alstonia boonei De Wild. - tree in swamp forest; widespread in W and Central Africa. Logged for timber. Sango Bay BR 18; Luke 17716. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Aspidoglossum elliotii (Schltr.) Kupicha - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; SW Ethiopia, S Uganda, NW Tanzania, NE Zambia. Minziro Congdon 396; Luke 17802. Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern - woody climber of dry forest and swamp forest, forest margins; Cameroon to W Kenya and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Congdon 374; Festo 309, 771. New record for Tanzania. Carissa spinarum L. [synonym C. edulis Vahl) - shrub of forest margins, termite mounds, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Local name: Muyonzaki, Nyonze, Omuyona. Minziro Festo 32, 220, 1157; Luke SR454; Makwilo 30; Sangiwa 93. Sango Bay BR 42; Luke SR228. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ceropegia sankuruensis Schltr. - twining herb of dry forest; West Africa to Uganda and W Tanzania, also Usambaras). Minziro Bayona 92/41. Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf - Sango Bay BR 107. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf - Sango Bay BR 108. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Gomphocarpus phillipsiae (N.E. Br.) Goyder - herb on edge of swamp frest; Eritrea to N Tanzania. Minziro Luke 17910. Gomphocarpus semilunatus A. Rich. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4805; Congdon 418; Festo 138, 846, 1199, 1338; Gobbo 559; Luke 17895. Landolphia buchananii (Hall. f.) Stapf - woody climber of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mbungo, Orubungo. Minziro Festo 191; Luke SR841; Willan 37. Sango Bay Luke SR261. Marsdenia abyssinica (Hochst.) Schltr. - woody climber of margins and clearings in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 181; Procter 997; Sangiwa 94. Marsdenia latifolia (Benth.) K. Schum. - woody climber of swamp forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, Angola, NW Zambia. Minziro Festo 370. New record for Tanzania. Marsdenia magniflora P. T. Li - slender woody climber of margins and clearings in dry forest; Congo, NW Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 372. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable.New record for Tanzania. Oncinotis tenuiloba Stapf - woody climber of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4857; Festo 376, 698. Pachycarpus eximius (Schltr.) Bullock - herb of swampy grassland; S Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania. Minziro Makwilo 37. 58 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Pachycarpus lineolatus (Decne.) Bullock - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 474; Gereau 6290, 6306; Sitoni 947. Pachycarpus petherickianus (Oliv.) Goyder - herb on edge of swamp forest; only known from a few scattered sites in central Africa and Ethiopia. Sango Bay Luke 17723. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. - twining herb of forest edges, termite mounds, disturbed forest and hillside grassland, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India. Minziro Kayombo 3112; Luke SR493. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Pleiocarpa pycnantha (K. Schum.) Stapf - shrub of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 753, 816; Sitoni 729, 792. Sango Bay BR 176. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rauvolfia caffra Sond. - Sango Bay BR 190. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. - in forest patch near lake; widespread in W and Central Africa. Sango Bay BR 190; Luke SR151. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Saba comorensis (Bojer) Pichon - woody climber of swamp forest and forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 297; Sitoni 795. Sango Bay Luke SR310. Secamone africana (Oliv.) Bullock - woody climber of margins and clearings in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 546; Procter 816. Sango Bay Luke 17648 Secamone parvifolia (Oliv.) Bullock? - climber in swamp forest; widespread in W and Central Africa. Minziro Luke SR589. Sango Bay Luke 17718. Secamone punctulata Decne. - woody climber, common in dry forest, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/04; Congdon 399; Festo 552; Kayombo 3087; Sitoni 978. Stathmostelma pedunculatum (Decne.) K. Schum. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Rose 10044. Stathmostelma rhacodes K. Schum. - herb of swampy grassland; S Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 331; Gane 112; Sitoni 1017. Strophanthus hispidus DC. - liana of dry forest and forest; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Sitoni 989. Sango Bay Luke 17651. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Strophanthus preussii Engl. & Pax - liana of dry forest and forest; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Congdon 358; Festo 283, 339, 560; Kayombo 3089; Sitoni 979; Watkins 521. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf - understorey tree of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 380, 745. Sango Bay BR 216. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Tabernaemontana ventricosa A. DC. - small tree of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1812. Sango Bay BR 217. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Tacazzea apiculata Oliv. – climber in forest patch near lake; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17637. Telosma africana (N. E. Br.) N. E. Br. - twiner of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar Minziro Festo 800. Vincetoxicum tenuipedunculatum (K. Schum.) Meve & Liede [Tylophora tenuipedunculata K. Schum.] - climber in riverside Acacia woodland; known from several localities in Central and E Africa in tropical Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17732. Voacanga thouarsii Roem. & Schult. - canopy tree, occasional or locally common in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Omudimbe. Minziro Bidgood 4853; Festo 282. Sango Bay BR 237; Luke 17635, 17756. Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) Ait. f. - herb of swampy grassland and along footpath in forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 393; Luke 17849; Sitoni 1021. 357. Boraginaceae (Verdcourt 1991) Cordia africana Lam. - Sango Bay BR 59. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cordia millenii Baker - Sango Bay BR 60. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. - Weedy herb of ruderal sites and edge of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Arabia, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 483; Kayombo 3102. Sango Bay Luke 17674. 59 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Ehretia cymosa Thonn. - Sango Bay BR 76. Ehretia? - Minziro Luke 17919. 359. Convolvulaceae (Verdcourt 1963) Astripomoea malvacea (Klotzsch) Meeuse var. volkensii (Dammer) Verdc. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1760. Cuscuta kilimanjari Oliv. var. kilimanjari - parasitic twiner of margins and paths of dry forest; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Festo 1553. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh - trailing herb of forest margins, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1045, 1286, 1793; Luke SR819. Sango Bay Luke SR384. Ipomoea blepharophylla Hallier f. - twiner in wooded patches in grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke 17946. Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet var. cairica - twiner of forest margins, roadsides, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 260, 438, 1015, 1190, 1363. Sango Bay Luke SR192. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. - trailing or twining herb of swampy grassland, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa (north to Egypt), South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia, Australia. Minziro Festo 1544. Ipomoea hederifolia L. - twiner of disturbed grassland and bushland, old fields; native of tropical America, now widely naturalized in all tropics. Minziro Festo 485. Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. [synonym Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.] - twiner in hedges in villages; originally from America, now widely cultivated and escaped in Africa. Minziro Festo 1800. Ipomoa involucrata P. Beauv. var. involucrata - twiner of roadside in forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Vollesen SR. Ipomoea tenuirostris Choisy subsp. tenuirostris - twiner of forest margins, roadsides; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 229, 259. Ipomoea wightii (Wall.) Choisy var. wightii - twiner of paths and clearings in “western” forest, forest margins; widespread in eastern Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 221, 1268; Luke 17942. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Stictocardia beraviensis (Vatke) Hallier f. - woody climber of dry forest, including margins, rare; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagacar. Minziro Festo 1387; Luke SR731; Willan 154. Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f. - twiner over papyrus in riverside; originally from tropical Asia. Sango Bay Luke 17728. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 360. Solanaceae (Edmonds 2012) Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Bercht. & Presl - ornamental shrub in Minziro Village; originally American, now a common pantropical and subtropical ornamental. Minziro Festo 1423. Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum - In clearings in herb of dry forest; Central America, widely cultivated and sometimes naturalized in Africa. Minziro Vollesen SR. Datura metel L. - Weedy herb; originally American, now a common pantropical, subtropical and temperate weed. Minziro Festo 1798. Datura stramonium L. - Weedy herb; originally American, now a common pantropical, subtropical and temperate weed. Minziro Festo 518. Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. - Weed herb; originally American, widely naturalized in other tropics, occasional elsewhere. Minziro Festo 517. Nicotiana tabacum L. - herb in degraded Baikiea/Heywoodia forest; originally from tropical America. Minziro Luke SR732. Physalis lagascae Roem. & Schult. [synonym L. micrantha Link] - herb of paths and margins of dry forest; originally American, widely naturalized in other tropics. Minziro Luke SR567; Vollesen SR. 60 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Physalis peruviana L. - herb of forest margins, weed in fields; originally American, now widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropics. Local name: Entuntunu enke, Ntuntunu. Edible fruits. Minziro Festo 1263, 1324; Luke SR741. Solanum aculeastrum Dunal - shrub of forest margins, cultivated areas; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1125. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. - Along margins and paths in shrub of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Local name: Entobotobo, Kijumbula. Minziro Festo 554, 1527. Solanum aethiopicum L. - herb cultivated as a vegetable, occasionally escaped and seminaturalized; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Local name: Omutura kambalure, Omutura mahwa. Minziro Festo 1341, 1397. Solanum americanum Mill. – herb of swamp grassland and riverside woodland; originally from South merica. Minziro Luke 17933. Sango Bay Luke 17737. Solanum anguivi Lam. - shrub of paths and margins of dry forest, swampy grassland, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Luke SR685; Sitoni 752. Sango Bay BR 207. Solanum campylacanthum A. Rich. - shrub of paths and margins of roadsides, abandoned cultivations, streamsides; widespread in E and Southern Africa. Local name: Entobatoboenke. Minziro Festo 135, 555, 1038, 1159, 1321; Luke SR710. Sango Bay BR 206. Solanum cyaneopurpureum De Wild. - shrub of degraded Baikiea/Heywoodia forest. Minziro Festo 1386; Sitoni 999; Sango Bay Luke 17898. Solanum dasyphyllum Thonn. - shrubby herb of forest margins, termite mounds in grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Entobatoba. Minziro Festo 1328; Luke SR709. Solanum lycopersicum L. [synonym Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.] (not on Q checklist) - herb of cultivations, becoming a weed; originally American, widely cultivated and sometimes naturalized throughout the world. Minziro Festo 1122; Luke SR733. Solanum macrocarpon L. - shrubby herb of swampy grassland, swampy grassland; widespread (pantropical). Minziro Sitoni 962. Solanum mauritianum Scop. - shrub in degraded Baikiea/Heywoodia forest; originally from South America. Minziro Luke SR730. Solanum tarderemotum Bitter – shrubby, scrambling herb, disturbed vegetation, moist forest margins; widespread Africa. Minziro Festo 1064, 1339 Solanum terminale Forssk. subsp. sanaganum (Bitter) Heine - scandent shrub of dry forest, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 702; Procter 1055. Sango Bay Luke 17636. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal - shrub of termite mounds, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia to India. Local name: Muile. Minziro Festo 1365, 1783. 366. Oleaceae (Turrill 1952) Jasminum abyssinicum DC. - scandent shrub or woody climber in margins of dry forest; Ethiopia, S Sudan, E Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1628; Procter 657. Jasminum dichotomum Vahl - scandent shrub of forest margins and along streams; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 263; Luke SR840. Sango Bay Luke SR60. Jasminum streptopus E. Mey. - slender woody climber in dry forest, forest margins; Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Bayona 92/07; Festo 1231. Noronhia africana (Knobl.) Hong-Wa & Besnard (synonym Chionanthus africanus (Knobl.) Stearn) - understorey tree, occasional in dry forest; W Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Minziro Procter 99. Sango Bay BR 130. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Olea capensis L. subsp. macrocarpa (C. H. Wright) I. Verd. - understorey or canopy tree, rare in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke SR490; Procter 659, 764. Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (G. Don) Cif. - Sango Bay BR 160. Olea welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & Schellenb. - Sango Bay BR 161. Schrebera arborea Chev. - Sango Bay BR 202. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 61 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 370. Plantaginaceae (originally in Scrophulariaceae, Ghazanfar et al. 2008) Misopates orontium (L.) Rafin. ssp. gibbosum (Wall.) D.A. Sutton - herb of disturbed areas, weed in fields; originally from Europe and Near East, now also introduced to tropical Africa and Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1774. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Veronica abyssinica Fresen. - In clearings in herb of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4774. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 371. Scrophulariaceae (Ghazanfar et al. 2008) Diclis ovata Benth. - forest floor herb in swamp forest and forest margins.; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 864. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 373. Linderniaceae (originally part of Scrophulariaceae, Ghazanfar et al. 2008) Craterostigma nummulariifolium (D. Don) Eb. Fisch. (synonym Lindernia nummulariifolia (D. Don) Wettst.) - herb of roadside in forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Bayona 92/27. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze - herb of swampy grassland and along paths in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, S Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Bidgood 4829; Festo 1732; Mwiga 219. Sango Bay Luke SR111. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Vandellia subracemosa (De Wild.) Eb. Fisch. (synonym Lindernia subracemosa De Wild.) - herb along paths in swamp forest, riverbanks; SW Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, also in Gabon. Minziro Festo 794. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 376. Pedaliaceae (Bruce 1953) Sesamum angolense Welw. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; S Uganda and W Kenya to Zimbabwe, west to Angola. Minziro Gereau 6308. Sesamum angustifolium (Oliv.) Engl. - weedy herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Ntungo Ishwa, Oluzinga, Oruzinga. Leaves used as soap. Minziro Festo 512, 1126. 377. Acanthaceae (Vollesen 2008 & Darbyshire et al. 2010) Acanthaceae 1 cf. Whitfieldia - woody herb of forest patch on rocky hill. Minziro Luke 17778. Acanthopale pubescens (Lindau) C. B. Clarke - forest floor herb of swamp forest; Ethiopia through Eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 876; Luke 17853. Acanthus polystachius Del. - shrub of forest margins, termite mounds, swampy grassland, often forms a wide fire-break between grassland and forest; Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi. Local name: Matoju. Minziro Kayombo 3143; Luke SR519; Willan 158. Sango Bay BR 5; Luke SR64. Asystasia africana (S. Moore) C. B. Clarke - herb of forest floor; Gabon, S Sudan, S Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/10. New record for Tanzania. Asystasia congensis C. B. Clarke - herb of swamp or groundwater forest; Cameroon, Congo, SE Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4870. Sango Bay Bayona & Festo 92/45. New record for Tanzania. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu - herb, sometimes scandent, of forest margins and along paths, termite mounds; widespread in tropical and South Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Ikingura. Minziro Congdon 380; Festo 33, 1306, 1631, 1755, 1756; Kayombo 3048. Sango Bay Luke SR67. Asystasia leptostachya Lindau - herb of drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4772; Festo 858, 1599; Luke 17830. New record for Tanzania. Asystasia mysorensis (Roth) T. Anderson - herb of ruderal sites; widespread in tropical Africa, India. Minziro Festo 1123. Asystasia vogeliana Benth. - herb of drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4824; Festo 1610. New record for Tanzania. 62 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Barleria brownii S. Moore - Scandent herb of forest margins and along paths; Ghana to SW Ethiopia, Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Borota 28; Makwilo 52; Procter 963. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Barleria ventricosa Nees var. "B.keniensis Mildbr." - scrambling or scandent herb of forest margins; Ethiopia S Tanzania, west to NE Congo, Rwanda and Burundi). Minziro Congdon 375. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Roth - herb of forest margins; widespread in tropical and South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, Tropical Asia. Minziro Vollesen SR. Brachystephanus africanus S. Moore var. africanus - herb of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 769; Gereau 6266. Brillantaisia lamium (Nees) Benth. - herb of forest margins and along streams and springs in swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, SW Ethiopia, Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4865; Congdon 351; Festo 52, 120, 197, 1003; Procter 147; Sitoni 950. Sango Bay Luke SR105. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Brillantaisia madagascariensis Lindau - herb of swamp forest and damp places in “western” forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Congdon 496; Festo 214, 1597. Brillantaisia owariensis P. Beauv. - herb of dry forest; West Africa to S Sudan Uganda, W Kenya and W Tanzania. Local name: Lubamba. Minziro Carmichael 1135; Festo 1529; Procter 428; Watkins 487; Willan 331. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Crossandra nilotica Oliv. - herb of dry forest; Ethiopia, S Sudan, E Congo, Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, N Malawi, NW Zambia. Minziro Vollesen SR. Crossandrella dusenii (Lindau) S. Moore - Shrubby herb of swamp; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4884; Festo 576; Gillman 159; Maitland 1053. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Dicliptera elliotii C. B. Clarke - herb of dry forest; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4780; Sitoni 766. New record for Tanzania. Dicliptera laxata C. B. Clarke - herb of drier “western” and swamp forest, usually along paths; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1669; Luke 17889; Sitoni 972. Dicliptera maculata Nees subsp. maculata - common herb of dry forest, usually along paths; Ethiopia, S Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4894; Congdon 493; Festo 284, 747; Watkins 510. Dyschoriste multicaulis (A. Rich.) Kuntze [synonym Dyschoriste clinopodioides Mildbr.] - herb of forest margins, swampy grassland; Ethiopia, Sudan, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1093, 1208; Luke 17953. Dyschoriste nagchana (Nees) Bennet - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, India. Minziro Festo 486. Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. - herb of forest margins and along streams and springs in swamp forest; W Africa to S Sudan, SW Ethiopia, Uganda, W Kenya and NW Tanzania. Local name: Eikingula. Minziro Bidgood 4862; Festo 215. Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M.R. Almeida & S.M. Almeida [synonym Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine] - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, India. Minziro Festo 1200, 1382. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hygrophila uliginosa S. Moore - herb of forest margins and along streams and springs in swamp forest; Nigeria to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, NW Zambia. Minziro Festo 1689; Sitoni 769. Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. - herb of swamp forest, along paths and on margins; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1607. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hypoestes cancellata Nees - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; West Africa to S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1474. New record for Tanzania. Hypoestes consanguinea Lindau - herb of dry forest, forest edges; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Tanzania. Used against cerebral malaria. Minziro Bidgood 4783; Festo 1624. Hypoestes triflora (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. - herb of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Congdon 497. 63 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Justicia anselliana (Nees) T. Anderson - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Congdon 354; Festo 1065, 1192, 1367; Haarer 2325; Luke 17794. Justicia betonica L. - herb of forest margins and along paths, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, India. Minziro Festo 1808; Luke SR707; Sitoni 721; Watkins 499. Justicia eminii Lindau - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony; SW Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, W Tanzania, N Malawi, NE Zambia. Minziro Festo 1493. Justicia exigua S. Moore - herb of paths in “western” forest, swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland, stony soil; becoming a weed; S Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Festo 880, 1019, 1082; Kayombo 3108. Justicia flava (Vahl) Vahl - herb of forest margins and along paths; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Congdon 360; Festo 1302; Kayombo 3095; Sitoni 775. Justicia heterocarpa T. Anderson subsp. praetermissa Hedrén - herb in forest patch near lake; eastern DRC and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17664. Justicia paxiana Lindau - drier “western” and herb of swamp forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4786, 4868; Festo 1611. New record for Tanzania. Justicia scandens Vahl - herb along paths in herb of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1606. Justicia subsessilis Oliv. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Congdon 363; Luke 17943; Sitoni 925. Justicia unyorensis S. Moore - herb of forest margins, termite mounds, swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Nigeria to Ethiopia and south to NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4866; Congdon 355; Festo 124, 1416; Sitoni 773. Justicia sp. A of FTEA - woody herb of forest patch on rocky hill and hillside grassland; endemic to NW Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 365; Luke 17777, 17779. Mellera lobulata S. Moore - forest floor herb of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4764; Congdon 495; Festo 359, 1603; Procter 96. Mellera sp.? - herb of swamp forest. Minziro Luke 17837. Mendoncia gilgiana (Lindau) Benoist - Slender woody climber of drier “western” (rare) and wetter “eastern” (common) forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4858; Festo 266, 1292; Luke 17854; Simon 364. New record for Tanzania. Monothecium aristatum (Nees) T. Anderson - herb of dry forest, along paths and in clearings; E Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, India, Sri Lanka). Minziro Festo 1450. Nelsonia smithii Oerst. - herb of forest margins and along streams and springs in swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4863; Festo 290. Phaulopsis angolana S. Moore - herb of drier “western” and swamp forest; West Africa to Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4791; Festo 1641. New record for Tanzania. Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet subsp. imbricata - herb of forest margins and along paths in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Yemen). Minziro Festo 238, 1640. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Phaulopsis sp. - herb of swamp forest. Sango Bay Luke SR449. Phaulopsis sp. 2 - herb of forest patch near stream. Minziro Luke SR680. Pseuderanthemum ludovicianum (Büttn.) Lindau - shrubby herb of swamp forest; forest margins; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, W Tanzania, Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4872; Festo 264, 1598; Kayombo 3083. Sango Bay Luke SR283. Pseuderanthemum subviscosum (C. B. Clarke) Stapf - shrubby herb of dry forest; Cameroon to Ethiopia, south to South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Bidgood 4788; Congdon 494; Luke 17821; Procter 64; Sitoni 727; Watkins 515. Rhinacanthus virens (Nees) Milne-Redh. - herb of dry forest; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4763. Sango Bay Luke SR42. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. New record for Tanzania. Ruellia patula Jacq. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, S Arabia, India. Minziro Festo 1319; Simon 404; Sitoni 949. 64 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Thunbergia alata Sims - twining herb of forest margins and along paths; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 877, 1080, 1623; Mwiga 221. Sango Bay Luke SR397. Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. Anderson - erect or scandent shrub of drier “western” and swamp; West Africa to S Sudan, W Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4843; Festo 575; Mwiga 204. New record for Tanzania. Thunbergia minziroensis Vollesen - herb at edge of swamp forest and of dry forest; endemic to NW Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 347; Festo 1608, 1668; Luke 17915. IUCN RedList: Vulnerable. Whitfieldia elongata (P. Beauv.) De Wild. & T. Durand - Scandent shrub of drier “western” and swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Congdon 369; Festo 1543; Luke SR475; Sitoni 781. 378. Bignoniaceae (Bidgood et al. 2006) Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. subsp. africana - a rare tree of swampy grassland, forest edges; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Omujunguti. Minziro Festo 321, 440. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. subsp. moosa (Sprague) Bidgood & Verdc. - a rare tree of dry or swamp forest; W. Africa to s Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, W Tanzania, Angola. Local name: Omujunguti. Minziro Luke SR596; Procter 156. Sango Bay Luke 17704. Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K. Schum. - a rare understorey tree of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Msambya, Omusambya. Minziro Festo 520, 1550. Sango Bay BR 145. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. ssp. nilotica (Seem.) Bidgood - Sango Bay BR 208. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 379. Lentibulariaceae (Taylor 1973) Utricularia inflexa Forssk. - Free-floating herb of waterholes, stagnant rivers, swamps; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar, India. Minziro Festo 1650. 382. Verbenaceae (Verdcourt 1992) Duranta erecta L. - shrub of forest margins, roadsides; originally American, now widely naturalized in all tropics and subtropics. Minziro Festo 64, 145; Luke 17937. Lantana camara L. - shrub of swampy grassland, invasive plant; Originally from America, now naturalized throughout the tropics. Minziro Festo 1249, 1347. Sango Bay Luke SR387. Lantana trifolia L. - shrubby herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, swampy grassland; widespread (pantropical, but possibly introduced in Africa and Asia). Local name: Muhukuhuki. Minziro Festo 53; Gereau 6291. Sango Bay Luke SR146. Lantana ukambensis (Vatke) Verdc. - shrubby herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Muhukihuki. Minziro Festo 205; Luke SR510. Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. - shrubby herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, old cultivations; Ethiopia and Uganda through eastern Africa to South Africa, west to Angola. Minziro Festo 508. Lippia kituiensis Vatke - shrubby herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, old cultivations; Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi. Local name: Muhukuhuki. Minziro Festo 494. 383. Labiatae/Lamiaceae (Paton et al. 2009) Achyrospermum parviflorum S. Moore - herb of forest, along paths; E Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1609, Luke 17847. Aeollanthus repens Oliv. - herb of rocky outcrops, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; S Sudan, E Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi). Minziro Festo 1504. Ajuga integrifolia D. Don [synonym Ajuga remota Benth.] - herb of swamp forest; Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Festo 825; Simon 386. Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd.) Schumach. & Thonn. - scandent shrub of dry forest; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, south to Angola and NW Zambia. Minziro Congdon 416; Festo 372. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 65 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Clerodendrum melanocrater Gürke - Scandent shrub of dry forest; Cameroon to S Uganda, W Kenya and NW Tanzania. Minziro Procter 999. Clerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv. - shrub of forest margins, termite mounds, along streams in swampy grassland; S Sudan through eastern Africa to Mozambique and Malawi. Minziro Bidgood 4819; Festo 137; Luke SR516; Sitoni 1022. Clerodendrum silvanum Henriques var. nuxioides (S. Moore) Verdc. - Woody climber of dry forest; E. Congo, S Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Bayona 92/38; Festo 568. Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. - Sango Bay BR 55. Coleus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) A.J. Paton (synonym Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) C. Chr.) herb of rocky outcrops, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Yemen). Local name: Ekibengo. Used to treat intestinal worms in children. Minziro Festo 1779. Coleus affinis (Gürke) A.J. Paton (synonym Pycnostachys speciosa Gürke) - herb of swampy grassland; Uganda, W Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1522. Coleus autranii Briq. (synonyms Plectranthus autranii (Briq.) A.J. Paton), Solenostemon silvaticus (Gürke) Agnew] - herb of dry forest, on margins, along paths and in clearings; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Congdon 498; Festo 1539; Procter 94. Coleus eminii (Gürke) A.J. Paton (synonym Pycnostachys eminii Gürke) - herb of dry forest; Cameroon, E Congo, SW Ethiopia, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 206. Coleus guerkei (Briq.) A.J. Paton (synonym Plectranthus guerkei Briq.) - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 723. Coleus rhodesianum (N.E. Br.) A.J. Paton (synonyms Plectranthus djalonensis (A. Chev.) A.J., Englerastrum schweinfurthii Briq.) - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1146, 1315; Haarer 2310. Coleus splendidus A. Chev. [synonym Solenostemon latifolius (Benth.) J. K. Morton]- herb of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1486, 1693. Coleus stenostachys (Baker) A.J. Paton & Phillipson (synonym Pycnostachys coerulea Hook.) herb of swampy grassland; S Ethiopia through eastern Africa to NW Zambia. Minziro Festo 248; Gereau 6316. Coleus stuhlmannii (Gürke) A.J. Paton (synonym Pycnostachys stuhlmannii Gürke) - herb of swampy grassland; Uganda and Kenya through eastern Africa to N Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia. Minziro Bidgood 4810; Luke 17814. Coleus succulentus Pax (synonym Plectranthus pseudomarrubioides Willemse) - herb of rocky outcrops, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, old fields; Ethiopia, E Uganda, Kenya, N Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1781. Coleus tetradenifolius (A.J. Paton) A.J. Paton (synonym Plectranthus tetradenifolius A.J. Paton) herb of rocky outcrops, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Cameroon to South Sudan and East Africa. Medicinal plant for stomach upsets. Minziro Festo 1761. Coleus welwitschii Briq. (synonym Plectranthus dupuisii (Briq.) A. J. Paton) - herb of margins of drier “western” and swamp forest; S Sudan and NE Congo through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 447, 1312, 1409. Equilabium pauciflorum (Baker) Mwany. & A.J. Paton (synonym Plectranthus pauciflorus Baker) herb of dry forest, along paths and on margins; E Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia. Minziro Festo 1691. Haumaniastrum venosum (Baker) Agnew - herb of swampy grassland; South Uganda and W Kenya through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Bidgood 4808; Festo 1148; Sitoni 1020. Haumanniastrum villosum Benth. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1469. Hoslundia opposita Vahl - scrambling shrub of forest margins and clearings, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Emitoima, Kashwagala, Nzitoima. Minziro Festo 239, 493, 1067, 1278, 1334; Kayombo 3063; Luke SR542. Sango Bay Luke SR147. 66 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Hyptis lanceolata Poir. - herb of forest margins; swampy grassland; weed; introduced from America, widely naturalized in Tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 131, 1009; Gobbo 551; Luke SR520. Sango Bay Luke 17588. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. var. nepetifolia - herb of forest edges; hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, weed; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Katatelamte. Minziro Festo 541, 1248; Luke SR705; Mwiga 211. Sango Bay Luke SR379. Leucas deflexa Hook. f. - herb along paths in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 775, 1639. Mesosphaerum pectinatum (L.) Kuntze - herb of seasonal swamp grassland; originally from Central and South America. Sango Bay Luke 17610. Micromeria imbricata (Forssk.) C. Chr. var. imbricata [synonym Satureja punctata (Benth.) Briq. ] - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 482. Ocimum gratissimum L. subsp. gratissimum var. gratissimum - Shrubby herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, swampy grassland, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Kashwagala, Naitoima. Minziro Festo 48, 55, 1236, 1270, 1311, 1506; Luke SR511; Mwiga 220; Simon 394. Sango Bay BR 159. Ocimum lamiifolium Benth. - Shrubby herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, forest margins; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Malawi and NE Zambia. Minziro Festo 134, 1081, 1235, 1635. Platostoma denticulatum Robyns - herb of swamp grassland, swamp forest and forest margins; Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania, Angola. Used for treating malaria. Minziro Festo 21, 202, 1273, 1757; Luke SR564. Sango Bay Luke 17725. Platostoma gabonense A. J. Paton - herb of paths and margins in dry forest; Ghana, Nigeria, Gabon, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1590. New record for Tanzania. Platostoma rotundifolium (Briq.) A. J. Paton - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1055, 1161; Gereau 6304; Sitoni 955. Plectranthus alboviolaceus Gürke - herb of swamp forest and forest margins; Sudan and Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Mozambique, Malawi and NW Zambia. Minziro Gereau 6298. Premna angolensis Gürke - Sango Bay BR 181. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabberley subsp. myricoides var. discolor (Klotzsch) Verdc. - shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 122; Luke 17788; Procter 1125. Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabberley subsp. myricoides var. myricoides - shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia and S Sudan through eastern Africa to S Tanzania. Minziro Congdon 357; Gereau 6296; Kayombo 3062. Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. Minziro Festo 1764 (naturalised?). Stachys aculeolata Hook. f. - scandent herb of drier “western” and swamp forest and forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 250, 812, 1530, 1688. Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd - Soft wooded shrub. rocky outcrops, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, fields; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Local name: Muravumba, Omushunshu. Medicinal plant for intestinal worms. Minziro Festo 1785. Vitex ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. subsp. ferruginea - understorey (rarely canopy) tree in drier “western” and swamp forest; occasional; West Africa to S Uganda and NW Tanzania, south to Angola. Local name: Mukanse. Minziro Bayona 92/14; Festo 417, 461; Gobbo 546; Luke SR634; Makwilo 29. Sango Bay BR 236; Luke 17666. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 371. Orobanchaceae (originally part of Scrophulariaceae, Ghazanfar et al. 2008) Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. senegalensis (Benth.) Hepper - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1479, 1498. 67 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Buchnera capitata Benth. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 722, 1664, 1742. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Buchnera cryptocephala (Baker) Philcox - herb of swampy grassland and forest margins; Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola. Minziro Festo 866, 1660, 1719. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Buchnera ruwenzoriensis Skan - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; W & S Uganda, NW Tanzania, NE Zambia, ?Angola. Minziro Festo 1518. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. New record for Tanzania. Cycnium adonense Benth. subsp. adonense - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; S Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa, west to Angola. Minziro Gereau 6294. Cycnium herzfeldianum (Vatke) Engl. - herb of paths in drier western forest, swampy grassland, abandoned fields; Ethiopia, W & S Kenya, Uganda, E Congo, Rwanda, N Tanzania. Minziro Festo 807, 1276; Sitoni 768. Cycnium tubulosum (L. f.) Engl. subsp. tubulosum - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 128, 245, 431, 1189; Gobbo 566; Willan 33. Sango Bay Luke 17720. Harveya sp. nov. - herb of forest floor; endemic to NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4768. Sopubia eminii Engl. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Uganda and Kenya south to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 328. Sopubia lanata Engl. var. densiflora (Skan) O.J. Hansen - herb of swampy sites; Central, East and Southeast Africa. Sango Bay Maitland 1068. Sopubia mannii Skan - herb of seasonal swamp grassland; West, East and southern Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17741. Sopubia ramosa (Hochst.) Hochst. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Nyamashumi. Minziro Festo 570, 1165, 1179, 1560; Haarer 2333. Sopubia simplex (Hochst.) Hochst. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, S Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 390, 433; Gobbo 520, 564; Haarer 2332; Procter 986. Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1467; Luke SR509; Simon 350. Striga forbesii Benth. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 796; Haarer 2307. Striga linearifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hepper - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, south to Malawi. Minziro Festo 470. 392. Aquifoliaceae (Verdcourt 1968) Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk. var. mitis - Sango Bay BR 118; Luke 17750. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 394. Campanulaceae (Thulin 1976; incl. Lobeliaceae, Thulin 1984) Lobelia hartlaubii Buchenau - herb of swamp forest and wet places in dry forest; Nigeria to Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4837; Festo 795. New record for Tanzania. Monopsis stellarioides (C. Presl) Urb. subsp. schimperiana (Urb.) Thulin - herb of wet places along paths in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Bidgood 4845; Festo 1692. Wahlenbergia napiformis (A. DC.) Thulin - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia and sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa, west to Angola and Namibia. Minziro Festo 451, 1575; Simon 356. 403. Compositae/Asteraceae (Jeffrey & Beentje 2000, Beentje 2002 & Beentje et al. 2005) Acmella caulirrhiza Delile - herb of swampy grassland and swamp, along paths in forest, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Lumwaga, Rumwaga. Minziro Festo 791, 1243, 1434, 1562; Luke SR667; Sitoni 963. 68 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Adenostemma caffrum DC. var. asperum Brenan - herb of swampy grassland; S Sudan through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe, Angola. Minziro Gobbo 577; Luke SR666; Sitoni 1019. Adenostemma mauritianum DC. - herb of wet or swampy grassland, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 850. Adenostemma viscosum J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. - herb of dry forest, wet depressions; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 1463. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ageratum conyzoides L. - weedy herb along paths in forest and clearings; pantropical. Local name: Ntaenyeka. Minziro Festo 446, 503; Luke SR507; Willan 221, 283. Ambrosia maritima L. - weedy herb of swampy grassland; pantropical weed. Minziro Festo 883. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Anisopappus chinensis (L.) Hook. & Arn. subsp. buchwaldii (O. Hoffm.) S. Ortiz, Paiva & Rodr.Oubina - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Akanyamwesa. Leaves used as cough medicine. Minziro Festo 104, 1735. Aspilia mossambicensis (Oliv.) H. Wild - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Lushulwe. Minziro Festo 109, 1155, 1183, 1351; Gobbo 527. Sango Bay Luke SR61. Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. - herb of swampy grassland; forest margins with Acanthus; E Congo and Uganda to South Africa. Minziro Festo 1013, 1472, 1473; Luke SR649; Procter 890; Simon 377. Berkheya spekeana Oliv. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 140, 1077; Luke SR508; Simon 376. Bidens baumii (O. Hoffm.) Sherff - herb of swampy grassland; W Tanzania, Burundi, E Congo, Malawi, Zambia, Angola. Minziro Festo 1570. Bidens kilimandscharica (O. Hoffm.) Sherff - herb of swampy grassland; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Burundi, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 1420; Luke 17862; Mwiga 216. Bidens pilosa L. - weedy herb along paths in forest and in clearings, roadsides; pantropical. Local name: Akakulula. Used to increase production of blood. Minziro Festo 510; Luke SR682. Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff - herb of swampy grassland, forest margins; Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Congo, Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1320. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Bidens ugandensis (S. Moore) Sherff - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Cameroon, Central African Republic, Sudan, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, W Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1145. Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia to Australia. Minziro Festo 391. Bothriocline longipes (Oliv. & Hiern) N. E. Br. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, forest margins; S Sudan through eastern Africa to Malawi, Zambia and Angola. Minziro Festo 112. Sango Bay Luke SR120. Conyza aegyptiaca (L.) Ait. [Erigeron aegyptiacus L.] - weedy herb of swampy grassland, roadsides; more or less cosmopolitan. Minziro Festo 1233, 1465. Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. [Erigeron bonariensis L.] - weedy herb of swampy grassland, degraded forest and roadsides; pantropical and subtropical Local name: Kajaijai, Malaya. Minziro Festo 56, 1428; Luke SR729. Conyza pyrrhopappa A. Rich. - shrubby herb of swampy grassland, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4807; Luke 17932; Sitoni 1031. Conyza sp. 1 - herb of swamp grassland. Minziro Luke 17931. Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore - weedy herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Festo 1118. Sango Bay Luke 17596. Crassocephalum montuosum (S. Moore) Milne-Redh. - herb of degraded Baikiea/Heywoodia forest; Central and East Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Luke 17893. Crassocephalum paludum C. Jeffrey? - herb of seasonal swamp grassland; Central and East Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17597. 69 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Crassocephalum picridifolium (DC.) S. Moore - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Bidgood 4803; Festo 200; Gereau 6321. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Crassocephalum rubens (Jacq.) S. Moore var. rubens - weedy herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar. Local name: Kishenda. Minziro Festo 1344. Crassocephalum vitellinum (Benth.) S. Moore - weedy herb of forest margins and clearings; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Kishanda, Lushanda, Mshenda. Eye medicine. Minziro Festo 523, 1036, 1223, 1557; Gereau 6257; Simon 360; Watkins 497. Sango Bay Luke 17773. Crassocephalum sp. - herb of degraded Baikiea/Heywoodia forest. Minziro Luke 17892. Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze - herb of swampy grassland, along paths and in damp clearings in forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Gereau 6317; Luke SR556. Sango Bay Luke SR186. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. - weedy herb of wet grassland, waterholes, depressions in forest; pantropical. Minziro Festo 1438. Sango Bay Luke 17653. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Elephantopus scaber L. subsp. plurisetus (O. Hoffm.) Philipson - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1147, 1316, 1464. Emilia abyssinica (A. Rich.) C. Jeffrey - weedy herb of banana plantations; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 505, 1412. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Emilia caespitosa Oliv. - herb of swampy grassland; SE Uganda, NW Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, NE Zambia. Minziro Festo 1411; Luke 17887; Rose 10043. Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don - weedy herb of roadsides and edge of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke SR810; Vollesen SR. Emilia discifolia (Oliv.) C. Jeffrey - herb of degraded baikiea/Heywoodia forest; East and Southeast Africa. Minziro Luke 17888. Emilia juncea Robyns var. juncea - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, sometimes disturbed; W Uganda, NW Tanzania, E Congo, Burundi. Minziro Festo 1480; Gereau 6307; Kayombo 3145. New record for Tanzania. Emilia limosa (O. Hoffm.) C. Jeffrey - herb of swampy grassland; W Tanzania, E Congo, south to South Africa. Minziro Festo 1168. Enydra fluctuans Lour. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 300, 1308, 1701; Sitoni 959. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Ethulia conyzoides L. f. subsp. conyzoides - herb of swampy grassland, dry forest, wet depressions in forest, forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Bidgood 4879; Festo 127; Luke SR517. Sango Bay Luke 17592. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Felicia welwitschii (Hiern) J.Grau [synonym Felicia fischeri O. Hoffm.] - herb of swampy grassland; synonym fischeri thought to be endemic to NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1572, 1659 (neotype of fisheri). Galinsoga parviflora Cav. - weedy herb along paths in forest; originally Tropical America, now almost cosmopolitan. Local name: Kaizira ombilatuza. Minziro Festo 500, 1128; Mwiga 224. Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera - weedy herb of swampy grassland; originally from America, now a widespread weed in all tropics and occasionally in natural vegetation. Minziro Festo 879, 1127; Gereau 6320. Gerbera viridifolia (DC.) Sch. Bip. subsp. viridifolia - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Asia. Minziro Simon 402. Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov. subsp. scabra - herb of swampy grassland, old fields; widespread in tropical Africa, S Africa, Arabia. Local name: Ruongwe. Minziro Festo 1037, 1521, 1571; Luke 17938; Mwiga 218. Gutenbergia cordifolia Oliv. var. cordifolia - herb of dry forest, along paths and on margins; S Sudan through Eastern Africa to Zimbabwe. Minziro Festo 1644. Gynura amplexicaulis Oliv. & Hiern - herb of swampy grassland; S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi. Minziro Haarer 2327; Simon 396. 70 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Gynura scandens O. Hoffm. - twiner of forest margins; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi, Zambia, Angola. Minziro Festo 1621; Bidgood 4821. Sango Bay Luke 17734. Helichrysum forskahlii (J. F. Gmel.) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt - herb of margins of dry forest and swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Yemen. Minziro Festo 1750. Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. nudifolium - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1617; Gobbo 572; Luke 17947; Simon 401; Sitoni 936. Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet - herb of margins of dry forest, termite mounds; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 125. Helichrysum panduratum O. Hoffm. var. panduratum - scrambling herb of forest margins, termite mounds, swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Kayombo 3093. Helichrysum stenopterum DC. – herb of seasonal swamp grassland. Sango Bay Luke SR129. Inula glomerata Oliv. & Hiern - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 509. Kleinia abyssinica (A. Rich.) Berger - weedy herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo, Rwanda, Burundi. Minziro Festo 529; Kayombo 3101. Lactuca inermis Forssk. - herb of hillside or swamp grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia. Minziro Luke 17803; Sitoni 923. Lactuca cf. L. inermis - herb of swamp grassland. Minziro Luke 17815. Laggera brevipes Oliv. & Hiern - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; Uganda, Kenya, through eastern Africa to Zimbabwe, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 292, 886. Launaea cornuta (Oliv. & Hiern) C. Jeffrey - weedy herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1413. Lipotriche scandens subsp. madagascariensis (Baker) D.J.N. Hind [Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty subsp. madagascariensis (Baker) H. Wild] - scandent herb of forest margins and clearings; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 178, 247, 727, 728, 1012, 1256, 1432, 1556, 1708; Haarer 2315. Sango Bay Luke 17652. Micractis bojeri DC. - herb of swampy grassland, old fields; widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar. Minziro Festo 1703. Microglossa afzelii O. Hoffm. - scandent shrub of forest margins and clearings; West Africa to Uganda and NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 820; Procter 1000; Willan 273. Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze - scandent shrub of forest margins and clearings, hillside grassland and bushland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 118, 1206; Procter 803, 998. Sango Bay Luke SR145. Mikania chenopodifolia Willd. - twining herb of clearings and paths in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa and Asia. Minziro Bidgood 4827; Festo 105, 1634. Sango Bay Luke 17654. Mikania microptera DC. - twining herb of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical America. Western in Africa. Minziro Festo 1612. Mikania sagittifera B.L.Rob. - climber on edge of swamp forest; Central, East and southern Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17536. Mikania sp. - Minziro Luke SR670. Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth. - shrubby herb, planted ornamental in Minziro Village; originally American, planted and occasionally naturalized in Africa and Asia. Minziro Festo 533. Nidorella sp. - herb of swamp grassland. Minziro Luke 17931. Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. - shrub of degraded Biaiea/Heywoodia forest; widespread in tropical Africa, S Africa. Minziro Luke 17879. Pseudognaphalium luteo-album (L.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt - herb on edge of swamp forest; global. Sango Bay Luke 17627. Psiadia punctulata (DC.) Vatke - shrub of forest margins and clearings; Yemen, Ethiopia and Sudan through eastern Africa to South Africa. Minziro Makwilo 1. 71 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Senecio sp - Sango Bay Luke SR23. Siegesbeckia orientalis L. - weedy herb; widespread in tropical Africa, S Africa, Madagascar, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo 501. Solanecio angulatus (Vahl) C. Jeffrey - herbaceous climber in margins of dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Arabia. Minziro Festo 545. Solanecio mannii (Hook. f.) C. Jeffrey - soft-wooded shrub, planted around houses and in banana plantations; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mugango. Stems used as rafters in roof building. Minziro Wigg 316. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Sonchus oleraceus L. - weedy herb; native to Eurasia and North Africa, now a cosmopolitan weed. Minziro Festo 1119. Sonchus schweifurthii Oliv. & Hiern - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Mwiga 215. Sango Bay Luke 17738. Tagetes minuta L. - weedy herb; pantropical and subtropical. Minziro Festo 502, 1342; Luke SR757. Vernonia aemulans Vatke - weedy herb; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Minziro Festo 1142. Vernonia amygdalina Del. - shrub or small tree of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, disturbed grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Arabia. Local name: Ekiluluza, Omubirizi. Minziro Festo 507. Sango Bay BR235. Vernonia biafrae Oliv. & Hiern - scandent shrub in dry forest, along paths; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 1289. Vernonia dumicola S. Moore - woody herb in swamp grassland; East Africa. Minziro Luke 17805. Vernonia exsertiflora Baker var. exsertiflora - shrub of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, forest margins; W Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe. Local name: Chikuruza, Omubirizi. Minziro Sitoni 787. Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. subsp. filisquama (M. G. Gilbert) C. Jeffrey - herb of swampy grassland, along paths in drier “western“ forest, endemic to NW Tanzania. Minziro Festo 237. Vernonia kandtii Muschl. - herb of swampy grassland; Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Angola. Minziro Bidgood 4818; Festo 432; Gereau 6259; Luke 17926; Simon 381. Sango Bay Luke 17675. Vernonia lasiopus O. Hoffm. var. lasiopus - shrub of forest margins, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil, roadsides; Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, N Tanzania, Rwanda. Minziro Festo 116, 425, 806, 1698; Sitoni 924. Sango Bay Luke 17614. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Vernonia miombicola H. Wild - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; E Congo, Rwanda, W C & SW Tanzania, NE Zambia. Minziro Bidgood 4891. Vernonia myriantha Hook. f. - shrubby herb of forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa. Minziro Willan 281. Erroneously omitted from T1 in FTEA. Vernonia purpurea Walp. - woody herb of swamp grassland and edge of swamp forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Luke SR540. Sango Bay Luke 17724. Vernonia smithiana Less. - herb of hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; West Africa to S Sudan, Uganda, W Kenya, N Tanzania. Minziro Bidgood 4890; Simon 400. Vernonia stellulifera (Benth.) C. Jeffrey - herb of forest margins, clearings and paths in forest; West Africa to Uganda, Angola and Zambia. Minziro Festo 1394. New record for Tanzania. Vernonia thomsoniana Oliv. - herb of swampy grassland, hillside grassland and bushland on stony soil; widespread in tropical Africa. Minziro Festo 117; Gereau 6295; Sitoni 944. 413. Pittosporaceae (Cufodontis 1966) Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. kruegeri (Engl.) Engl. – Shrub or tree to 20 m of drier and riverine forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Sango Bay BR 175. 414. Araliaceae (Tennant 1968) Astropanax urostachyus (Harms) Lowry, G.M. Plunkett & al. (synonym Schefflera urostachya Harms) - scandent shrub or small tree or epiphyte of swamp forest; Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon, W Uganda, NW Tanzania. Minziro Kayombo 3154. Sango Bay BR 201; Luke 17557, SR101. 72 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms - canopy tree, rare in dry forest; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Mufaria, Omjalia, Setala, Setara. Minziro Festo 1574; Sitoni 1004. Sango Bay BR 180. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. 416. Umbelliferae/Apiaceae (Townsend 1989) Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. - herb of clearings in forest, swampy grassland, ditches along road; pantropical and subtropical Local name: Butikwa. Minziro Festo 837, 1021, 1171; Luke SR551; Sitoni 965. Sango Bay Luke SR124. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hydrocotyle mannii Hook. f. var. mannii - weedy herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa. Local name: Butikwa. Minziro Festo 839, 1138. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. - herb of riverside woodland; widespread. Sango Bay Luke SR383. IUCN RedList: Least Concern. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. - herb of swampy grassland; widespread in tropical Africa, Tropical Asia. Local name: Butikwa. Minziro Festo 840. Lefebvrea abyssinica A. Rich. - herb of swamp grassland; Central, East and Southeast Africa. Sango Bay Luke 17921. Oenanthe palustris (Chiov.) C. Norman - herb of swamps, wet grassland; Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Congo. Minziro Festo 805. Sanicula elata D. Don - herb of forest floor in swamp forest and forest margins; widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Tropical Asia. Minziro Festo; Kayombo 3114. Discussion A wide range of taxa from fern allies, true ferns, gymnosperms, to angiosperms recorded from Sango Bay and Minziro sites provides a rich and diverse flora from this area. The largest families known in the world, especially Fabaceae and Asteraceae, also yielded the largest number of taxa from this area. The contribution of herbaceous flora in forest ecosystems is now well documentetd and recognised (Abba and Timothy 2021, Spicer et al. 2021, Perea et al. 2022), but also in non forest ones (Wieczorkowski and Lehmann 2022). The Sango Bay-Minziro ecosystem has significant patches of grassland, and these, like in other grassland ecosystems, are dominated by grass species (Pontes et al. 2015, Jin et al. 2022). Nearly half the number of species in these ecosystems were herbaceous., constituting a sizeable proportion. Several biodiversity surveys have been conducted in the Sango Bay-Minziro area (NELSAP 2020). However, expeditions focusing on botanical studies are not equally many. This implies a sampling deficiency, creating an opportunity for revelation of new records with more sampling (Callghan et al. 2021, Oliveira et al. 2021). This largely explains the sixty-one new records of plant species for Tanzania during this study. The record of this considerable number of species not previously known from this area signifies the plant diversity value of this part of Tanzania and Uganda, which is not fully documentetd. We believe that more surveys are likely to reveal more species. Of more concern are ten species which have been assessed as Near Threatened; twelve species assessed as Vulnerable, and five species assessed as Endangered. As more species become assessed by the East African Plant Red Listing Authority, this trend of finding more taxa of concern will probably continue. These species are triggers of Important Plant Areas, and are qualifiers for the Sango BayMinziro area a vital ecosystem for plant conservation. At least two invasive species of plant occur in the Sango Bay-Minziro system. These are Lantana camara on drier ground and Mimosa pigra in moister areas. The former is one of the most notorious invaders (Ntalo et al. 2022). The presence of invasive species in these two important sites reduces quality of the habitats in these areas, affecting species diversity and composition vegetation (Ruwanza 2020). Ecological approaches need to be used for their management. Conclusion 73 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 The present study has made tremendous contribution to the knowledge of the vegetation and flora of the Sango Bay-Minziro ecosystem. More than 60 species not previously known from Tanzania have been recorded and added to the country’s flora. The 17 plant taxa categorised as threatened (Vulnerable and Endangered) are priority taxa deserving particular and special attention. Another 17 taxa are of retsircted range of distribution, being endemic or near-endemic to the region. Both site-based as well as taxon-based strategies need to be developed to protect these taxa and their habitats. Recognition of these two contiguous sites as Important Plant areas should be an opportunity to create awareness about the biodiversity value of these sites, and devise programmes for their conservation. Acknowledgements The 2017 field work was funded by the MacArthur Foundation. We thank Christine Kabuye for naming the grasses. 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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Fig.3 86 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 01/08/2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e110027

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Flora of Sango Bay and Minziro, two important plant areas on the Uganda/Tanzania

Flora of Sango Bay and Minziro, two important plant areas on the Uganda/Tanzania

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