A new species of Scleria P.J.Bergius (Cyperaceae) from North-Eastern Thailand

Wanwipha Chaisongkram

Seven taxa of Thai Campylotropis are recognized: C. bonii Schindl., C. capillipes (Franch.) Schindl. subsp. prainii (Collett & Hemsl.) Iokawa & H.Ohashi, C. decora (Kurz) Schindl., C. harmsii Schindl., C. parviflora (Kurz) Schindl., C. pinetorum (Kurz) Schindl. and C. sulcata Schindl. The reinstatement of C. parviflora is proposed here and C. cytisoides f. parviflora is reduced to a synonym of C. parviflora. A key to the species and descriptions with notes on their distribution, ecological data, vernacular names and photographs are also provided.

Eight species of Peperomia , namely P. bavina , P. cavaleriei , P. cochinensis , P. heyneana , P. laevifolia , P. moulmeiniana , P. nakaharai and P. portulacoides , are newly recorded for Thailand. Descriptions, illustrations and geographic distribution data are provided.

Curcuma lithophila and C. rufostriata, two new species from Curcuma subgen. Hitcheniopsis, are described and illustrated. They are compared with their morphologically closest species, Curcuma rhabdota, C. papilionacea and C. sparganiifolia. Notes on distribution, ecology, etymology, uses and IUCN provisional assessments are provided. Further notes on the distribution of the recently described C. papilionacea and an improved IUCN conservation assessment are reported from additional collections.

Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) Vol. 46 No. 2, 2018 ISSN 0495-3843 (print) ISSN 2465-423X (electronic) Forest Herbarium Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Bangkok, THAILAND THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) Published by the Forest Herbarium (BKF) Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Advisors Chamlong Phengklai & Kongkanda Chayamarit Editors Rachun Pooma & Tim Utteridge Managing Editor Nannapat Pattharahirantricin Assistant Managing Editor Sawita Yooprasert Editorial Board Rachun Pooma (Forest Herbarium, Thailand), Tim Utteridge (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK), David A. Simpson (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK), John A.N. Parnell (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland), David J. Middleton (Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore), Peter C. van Welzen (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, The Netherlands), Hans-Joachim Esser (Botanische Staatssammlung München, Germany), Bob Harwood (Northern Territory Herbarium, Darwin, Australia), André Schuiteman (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK), Anders S. Barfod (Aarhus University, Denmark), Piyakaset Suksathan (Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Thailand), Pimwadee Pornpongrungrueng (Khon Kaen University, Thailand), Stuart Lindsay (National Parks Board, Singapore) Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) (TFB) publishes papers on plant taxonomy (especially of vascular plants), nomenclature, phylogeny, systematics, plant geography, and floristics, and in morphology, palynology, cytotaxonomy, chemotaxonomy, anatomy and other relevant disciplines. The journal now uses Thai Journal Online (ThaiJO) for online submission and peer review at www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiForestBulletin. 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FOREST HERBARIUM Director: Phongsak Phonsena Curator: Nannapat Pattharahirantricin BKF Staff: Somran Suddee, Piyachart Trisarasri, Preecha Karaket, Thanongsak Jonganurak, Pachok Puudjaa, Voradol Chamchumroon, Nanthawan Suphuntee, Narong Koonkhunthod, Montri Saengsawasti, Naiyana Tetsana, Sukontip Sirimongkol, Manop Poopath, Sommanussa Saengrit, Sukid Rueangruea, Baramee Sakolrak, Sawita Yooprasert, Saksan Kaitongsuk, Orathai Kerdkaew. Front Cover: Brassaiopsis spinosissima Esser Printed at: Prachachon Co., Ltd. 35 Soi Pipat, Silom Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand Tel : 0 2636 6550 lectotypifications of names for related taxa THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(2): 113–122. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.2.01 A new species of Scleria P.J.Bergius (Cyperaceae) from North-Eastern Thailand WIPAWAN KIAOSANTHIE1, WANWIPHA CHAISONGKRAM2 & KAMOLHATHAI WANGWASIT1,* ABSTRACT Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit, a new species of Cyperaceae from North-Eastern Thailand, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to S. benthamii C.B.Clarke but diﬀers in the leaf and culm surfaces, culm shape, the absence of wings at the leaf sheath, contraligule features, nutlet morphology and micromorphology, and leaf and culm anatomy. An emended section of the key to the species in the Flora of Thailand account of Scleria is provided. KEYWORDS: anatomy, nutlet, Scleria aureovillosa, taxonomy, Thailand. Published online: 21 September 2018 INTRODUCTION The genus Scleria P.J.Bergius (Cyperaceae) comprises ca 250 species, mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics but also extending into warm temperate regions (Goetghebeur, 1986 & 1998; Haines & Lye, 1983; Zhang et al., 2010). In the Thai ﬂora, the genus is the fourth largest in the Cyperaceae with 22 species (Simpson & Koyama, 1998), and in surrounding regions, 29 species in India, 34 species in Malaysia, 22 species in Indo-China, 25 species in Vietnam, 11 species in Laos and 24 species in China, have been recorded (Clarke, 1894; Camus, 1912; Kern, 1961 & 1974; Khoi, 2002; Newman et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2010). Scleria can be easily recognized by the bony nutlets, which often have a lobed hypogynium at the base and are not covered by the spikelet glumes. In the past, the genus has been variously classiﬁed into seven subgenera and up to 13 sections (e.g. Bentham & Hooker, 1883; Clarke, 1894 & 1908; Haines & Lye, 1983; Koyama, 1961; Kern, 1974). Recently, a new infrageneric classification by Bauters et al. (2016), based on molecular evidence and supported by morphology, conﬁrmed Scleria as monophyletic and sister to tribe Bisboeckelereae, with four, strongly supported subgenera (Browniae (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke, Hypoporum (Nees) C.B.Clarke, Scleria and Trachylomia (Nees) Bauters). During ﬁeldwork undertaken as part of a Ph.D. study by the ﬁrst author, specimens were collected in Phu Rua District, Loei Province, which could not be identified using existing identification keys. Moreover, the combination of characters from the morphology, nutlet micromorphology and anatomy of these specimens differed from any previously known species from Thailand and elsewhere. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials were examined from ﬁeld collections and herbarium specimens at ABD, BK, BKF, BM, BO, CMUB, E, K, KEP, KKU, P, PSU, QBG and SING. Identiﬁcation was attempted using keys in the Flora of Thailand (Simpson & Koyama, 1998), as well as other publications such as Flora of Générale de I’ Indo-Chine, the Flora of the Malay Peninsula, Flora Malesiana, Flora of Vietnam, a Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR and Flora of China etc. Images of the inﬂorescences, habit and habitat were taken with a Ricoh CX4 digital camera. Morphological observations were made using an Olympus SZ-PT stereo microscope. 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand. 2 Program of Biology, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand. * Corresponding author: k_phulphong@yahoo.com © 2018 The Forest Herbarium 114 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Nutlets were taken from dry specimens and placed on a stub with carbon tape, coated with gold by SPI-MODULE and examined using a JEOL JSM6460LV scanning electron microscope (SEM) at the Laboratory Equipment Center, Mahasarakham University. The outer walls of nutlets were removed by soaking in 70% sulphuric acid for 60‒90 minutes. The samples were then sonicated in an ultrasonic cleaner for 30 minutes and washed with distilled water in the ultrasonic cleaner for a further 10 minutes. The samples were dried overnight in silica gel and were examined with the SEM. Conﬁrmation of the siliceous on nutlet were obtained by analysis using a SEM ﬁtted with an energy dispersive X-ray analyser (EDX). The comparative leaf and culm anatomy were observed. Samples were prepared using epidermal peeling and paraﬃn methods and stained with safranin and fast greenn (Johansen, 1940; Thamathaworn, 1996). Observations were made using an Olympus CH30 light microscope. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit, sp. nov. Similar to Scleria benthamii C.B.Clarke but diﬀers in having trigonous culms (vs triquetrous in S. benthamii), an obtuse contraligule (vs rounded to truncate) and nutlets 2.1‒2.5 mm long (vs 2.6‒2.9 mm long), subglobose to globose, terete, with a black, apiculate apex (vs ovoid, subterete to trigonous and obtuse apex) (Fig. 3 & Table 1). Type: Thailand, Loei, Phu Rua, 1,155 m, 12 Nov. 2012, Kiaosanthie WK 0152012 (holotype BKF [194620!]; isotypes KKU!, QBG!) (Figs. 1, 2 & 3A‒C). Erect perennial herb, rhizome brown. Culms loosely tufted (37‒)50‒100 cm x 1‒2(‒4) mm, trigonous, smooth and glabrous. Leaves cauline; blade linear, (12‒)21‒40 cm x 2‒3 mm, acute, ﬂat, smooth and glabrous; sheath closed, 2.5‒7.2 cm long, wingless, purplish to brown, slightly scabrid to smooth; contraligule obtuse, ciliate. Involucral bracts leaf-like, (3.2‒)7‒9(‒19.5) cm x 1‒2 mm. Inflorescences truncate, linear, loose, 14.5‒34 cm x (5‒)10‒15 mm; 1-noded, with 1 lateral panicle, the panicle sometimes absent; lateral panicle linearoblong or spike-like, loose, 4.6‒11 cm x 5‒6 mm, peduncle 2‒6 cm long, somewhat short branches; bracteole glume-like, (3‒)10‒15 mm long, apex awned, margins hispid. Spikelets in clusters with 1‒2 subandrogynous spikelets and 1‒2 staminate spikelets; prophyll usually borne at the base of spikelet, obovate, 1.5‒2 mm long, 2-keeled, sides membranous, glabrous, reddish-brown, apex obtuse. Subandrogynous spikelets ovate-oblong, 4‒5 x 1‒2 mm; with 3 glumes, ovate to broadly-ovate, 2‒4 x 1‒2 mm, sides membranous, glabrous, reddish-brown, apex awned, lowest glume empty, shortest; lateral staminate ﬂower remnant present. Staminate spikelets sessile to pedunculate, ovate-lanceolate, 4‒6 x 1 mm; with many glumes, ovate to broad-ovate, 2‒4 x 1‒2 mm, sides membranous or hyaline, glabrous, reddishbrown, apex acute, obtuse or emarginate, the two lowest glumes empty, shortest, apex awned. Stamens 3, linear, 1.5 mm long, yellow to brown. Stigmas 3. Nutlets subglobose to globose, terete, 2.1‒2.5 x 2.1‒2.2 mm, white, apex black apiculate, surface reticulate, densely irregular silica deposits, single, 2‒4 x 2‒3.5 μm, and clusters, 5‒9.5 x 5‒10 μm, hairs 116‒173 μm long, golden villous in 3‒6 rows on ridges; disk well developed, 3-lobed, deeply sinus at the base, lobes broadly ovate or deltoid, apex acuminate. Thailand.― NORTH-EASTERN: Loei [Phu Rua, 23 Aug. 2014, Kiaosanthie WK 1122014 (QBG!, KKU!)]; Nong Khai [Phu Wua Wildlife Sanctuary, Summit plateau, 200 m, 14 Oct. 1998, Muasya et al. 1340 (T71) (K!)]; Bueng Kan [Bung Khla, 306 m, 28 July 2014, Kiaosanthie WK 1032014 (QBG!, KKU!)]. Distribution.― Cambodia [Kampot, 27 June 1938, Poilane 27349 9 (P!); Preah Sihanouk, Kampong Seila, 100 m, 13 Sept. 2013, Maxwell 13-178 (CMUB!)]. Ecology.― Growing in seasonally wet, open grassy places on hillsides and on sandy soil; 100‒1155 m alt. Phenology.― Flowering and fruiting June‒ November. Vernacular.― Kok luk khon thong (กกลูกขนทอง). The Thai name translates as ‘sedge with golden hairs on the nutlet surface’. Etymology.― The speciﬁc epithet of this new species is taken from the Latin aureus and villus, which refers to the distinctive feature of the species having golden villous hairs on the mature nutlet surface. A NEW SPECIES OF SCLERIA P.J.BERGIUS (CYPERACEAE) FROM NORTH-EASTERN THAILAND (W. KIAOSANTHIE, W. CHAISONGKRAM & K. WANGWASIT) 115 Figure 1. Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit. A. habit; B. part of inﬂorescence; C. contraligule; D. prophyll; E‒G. glumes; H. nutlet; I. disk 3-lobed. All from the holotype. Drawn by Wipawan Kiaosanthie. 116 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Figure 2. Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit. A‒B. part of inﬂorescence; C. nutlet; D. disk 3-lobed; E. rhizome; F. habitat. A NEW SPECIES OF SCLERIA P.J.BERGIUS (CYPERACEAE) FROM NORTH-EASTERN THAILAND (W. KIAOSANTHIE, W. CHAISONGKRAM & K. WANGWASIT) 117 Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of nutlets of Scleria. A‒C. Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit, all from the Kiaosanthie WK 0152012 (BKF); D‒F. S. benthamii C.B.Clarke, all from the Kiaosanthie WK 0682013 (BKF). 118 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Conservation Status.― Following the IUCN Red List Criteria and Categories (IUCN 2012), Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit should be considered as “Least Concern” (LC). The species is widespread in north-eastern Thailand and was recorded in Cambodia. Notes.― Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit is classiﬁed in sect. Foveolidia Raf. based on the truncated inﬂorescences, subandrogynous and staminate spikelets and 3-lobed disk (Bauters et al., 2016). The section is mainly distributed in Africa but with eight species occurring in Thailand: six species, S. rugosa R.Br., S. thwaitesiana Boeckeler, S. tessellata Willd., S. mikawana Makino, S. parvula Steud., and S. biflora Roxb., are annuals, while the remaining two species, S. benthamii C.B.Clarke and S. aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit, are perennials. Kern (1961, 1974) described this section as comprising of annuals only, while Bauters et al. (2016) confirmed that the section comprises both Table 1. Comparisons of diagnostic morphological, nutlet micromorphological and anatomical characteristics of Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit and S. benthamii C.B.Clarke. Characters S. aureovillosa S. benthamii Culm shape trigonous triquetrous Culm surface glabrous glabrous to pubescent Leaf surface glabrous glabrous to pubescent Leaf sheath wingless winged or wingless Contraligule obtuse rounded to truncate Inﬂorescence node 1 node, with 1 lateral panicle (sometimes 0) 1‒3 nodes, with 1‒2 lateral panicles Morphology Nutlet shape subglobose to globose, terete ovoid, subterete to trigonous Nutlet length 2.1‒2.5 mm 2.6‒2.9 mm Nutlet apex apiculate, black obtuse, not blac Silica deposits single and clustered single Silica shape irregular rounded Nutlet micromorphology Leaf anatomy Leaf types hypostomatic amphistomatic Unicellular prickles on leaf margins absent present Papillae on adaxial surface absent present Keel shape obtuse acute Leaf margin shape obtuse acute Adaxial parenchymatous hypodermis present at mid rib absent Radiated palisade cells absent present Lateral rib sclerenchyma adaxial girders adaxial strands Papillae absent present Angular sclerenchyma girders strands Culm anatomy A NEW SPECIES OF SCLERIA P.J.BERGIUS (CYPERACEAE) FROM NORTH-EASTERN THAILAND (W. KIAOSANTHIE, W. CHAISONGKRAM & K. WANGWASIT) annuals and perennials. Perennial species, with golden hairs on the reticulated nutlet surface, are present in Africa (S. achtenii De Wild., S. nyasensis C.B.Clarke, and S. unguiculata E.A.Rob.) and America (S. reticularis Michx.). The American species is separated from the others by the inflorescence having lateral clusters, while the three African species and S. aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit have loose lateral panicles. Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit diﬀers from the three African species by having a single node with 1 lateral panicle (sometimes absent), the African species having at least two nodes with 1‒6 lateral panicles at each node. Leaf and culm anatomical investigations reveal diagnostic features between Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit and S. benthamii 119 C.B.Clarke. Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit has hypostomatic leaves with an obtuse keel and margins, bifacial mesophyll with palisade and spongy parenchyma, lateral ribs with adaxial sclerenchymatous girders, and leaf and culm surfaces without trichomes and papillae. Scleria benthamii C.B.Clarke has amphistomatic leaves with an acute keel and acute margins, mesophyll with radiated palisade cells surrounding the vascular bundles, lateral ribs with adaxial sclerenchymatous strands, and leaf and culm surfaces with unicellular hairs and papillae (Figs. 4 & 5). Micromorphology also provides additional detail of the silica deposits on nutlet surfaces. Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit has both single and clusters of silica deposits, whereas S. benthamii C.B.Clarke has only single silica deposits (Figs. 3C & F). The following key is emended from the key to Scleria in the Flora of Thailand Cyperaceae account (Simpson & Koyama, 1998). 21. Nutlets not patterned, smoothish to pubescent; disk lobe acute often bidentate at apex S. levis 21. Nutlets reticulate, pubescent or villous; disk lobe acuminate at apex 21a. Leaves and culms glabrous to pubescent; contraligule rounded to truncate; nutlets ovoid, subterete to trigonous, apex obtuse, not black S. benthamii 21b. Leaves and culms glabrous; contraligule obtuse; nutlets subglobose to globose, terete, apex distinctly apiculate, black S. aureovillosa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supportedd by Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand. The authors would like to thank Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University for generous places to work and Ph.D. study of ﬁrst author, Prof. Dr David A. Simpsonn and Dr Khanit Wangwasitt for the suggestions, Mrs Nualanong Wichaikul for her assisted in a SEM examinations, the curators and staﬀs of the herbarium for allowing access to herbarium materials, Asst Prof. Pasakorn Bunchalee, Asst Prof. Worachat Tokeaw, Mrs Wilailux Zumstein, Miss Nittiya Chueawangkham, and Miss Primprapa Poosongsee for their helping during the ﬁeld studies. REFERENCES Bauters, K., Asselman, P., Simpson, D.A., Muasya, A.M., Goetghebeur, P. & Larridon, I. (2016). Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrageneric classiﬁcation of Scleria (Cyperaceae) based on three DNA markers. Taxon 65 (3): 444‒466. Bentham, G. & Hooker, J.D. (1883). Genera Plantarum. Cyperacaeae. V. 3. part 2. London, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. pp. 1037‒1073. Camus, E.G. (1912). Cyperaceae. In: M.H. Lecomte (ed.), Flora of Générale de I’ Indo-Chine 1: 157‒170. Messon et Cie Editeurs, Paris. Clarke, C.B. (1894). Cyperaceae. In: J.D. Hooker (ed.), Flora of British India 7: 685‒694. London. . (1908). New genera and species of Cyperaceae. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Additional ser 8: 58. Goetghebeur, P. (1986). Genera Cyperacearum. Eenbijdrage tot de kennis van de morfologie, systematiekenfylogenese van de Cyperacaeaegenera. Doctoral thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Gent. ________. (1998). Cyperaceae. In: K. Kubitzki (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants, ﬂowering plants, monocotyledons 4: 141‒190. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Haines, R.W. & Lye, K.A. (1983). The sedges and rushes of east Africa. African Natural History Society, Nairobi. 120 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Figure 4. Leaf and culm anatomical characteristics of Scleria aureovillosa Kiaosanthie & K.Wangwasit. A‒C. leaf in transverse section: A. keel; B. leaf margin; C. lateral rib; D. adaxial leaf surface; E. culm surface; F. culm in transverse section. All from Kiaosanthie WK 0152012 (BKF). A NEW SPECIES OF SCLERIA P.J.BERGIUS (CYPERACEAE) FROM NORTH-EASTERN THAILAND (W. KIAOSANTHIE, W. CHAISONGKRAM & K. WANGWASIT) 121 Figure 5. Leaf and culm anatomical characteristics of Scleria benthamii C.B.Clarke. A‒C. leaf in transverse section: A. keel; B. leaf margin; C. lateral rib; D. adaxial leaf surface; E. culm surface; F. culm in transverse section. All from Kiaosanthie WK 0682013 (BKF). 122 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 IUCN (2012). IUCN red list categories and criteria: version 3.1. second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. Johansen, D.A. (1940). Plant microtechnique. The Maple Company, U.S.A. Kern, J.H. (1961). The genus Scleria in Malaysia. Flora Malesiana Precursores. Blumea 11: 140–218. ________. (1974). Cyperaceae. In: C.G.G.J. van Steenis (ed.), Flora Malesiana ser. 1, 7 (3): 435‒753. Khoi, N.K. (2002). Cyperaceae. In: N.T. Ban (ed.), Flora of Vietnam 3: 381‒414. Science & Technics Publishing House, Ha Noi. Koyama, T. (1961). Classification of the family Cyperaceae 1. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo 8: 34‒148. Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh. Ridley, H.N. (1925). The Flora of the Malay Peninsula. V. 5: Monocotyledones Gymnospermeae general indices. L. Reeve & Co., LTD., London. Simpson, D.A. & Koyama, T. (1998). Cyperaceae. In: T. Santisuk & K. Larsen (eds), Flora of Thailand. 6 (4), pp. 426‒447. Diamond Printing, Bangkok. Thammathaworn, A. (1996). Handbookk for permanent slide of plant tissue by paraffin method. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Zhang, S., Tucker, G.C. & Simpson, D.A. (2010). Scleria. In: W. Zhengyi, P.H. Raven & H. Deyaun (eds), Flora of China 23: 260‒268. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis. THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(2): 123–128. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.2.02 Miscellaneous Cucurbit News V WILLEM J.J.O. DE WILDE & BRIGITTA E.E. DUYFJES1 ABSTRACT Two recently described species are transferred from Zehneria to Pilogyne, namely Pilogyne subcoriacea (Y.D.Zhou & Q.F.Wang) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes and Pilogyne longiflorum (G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes. A new species from Thailand is described, Sinobaijiania frondosa W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes. For Thladiantha angustisepala W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes a range extension into China is noted. KEYWORDS: Pilogyne, Sinobijiania, Thladiantha, Cucurbitaceae, South-East Asia, Kenya. Published online: 1 October 2018 INTRODUCTION This ﬁfth instalment of Miscellaneous Cucurbit News (for publication details of previous instalments see Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 39: 1. 2011) addresses the issue of the acceptance (or morphological validity) of the species-rich genus Pilogyne Schrad. as separate from Zehneria Endl. Similar controversies occur with the distinction of Mukia Arn. (against Cucumis L.) and Gymnopetalum Arn. (against Trichosanthes L.), largely due to modern molecular research. Furthermore, a new species of Sinobaijiania C.Jeﬀrey & W.J.de Wilde is described, the specimen turning up unexpectedly hidden as a ‘stowaway’ among plants collected for ecological research. Remarkably, its female ﬂowers and fruits remain unknown. Such plants are really curious, reminiscent of e.g. the wide-spread cucurb species Siraitia siamensis (Craib) C.Jeﬀrey ex S.Q.Zhong & D.Fang, occurring not rarely all over Thailand, but never seen fertile by the authors in Thailand. Finally, the ﬁnd of a specimen of Thladiantha angustisepala W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes in southern China was a noteworthy extension of the known range of that species, thanks to our Russian and Chinese colleagues. 1 (I) TWO NEW COMBINATIONS IN PILOGYNE FROM AFRICA Recent cooperation between China and Kenya for the preparation of a new Flora of Kenya has given an impetus to botanical ﬁeld collecting in Kenya. Two new species of Cucurbitaceae, both endemics from upland Kenya, were described in the genus Zehneria. Both these species appear to belong in the genus Pilogyne, and the new combinations are made below. The rationale of accepting the genus Pilogyne beside Zehneria (de Wilde & Duyfjes, 2009) has been controversial, and in the latest papers by De Boer et al. (2016) and Dwivedi et al. (2018), the merging of Pilogyne with the older Zehneria was urged, based on molecular evidence. However, in the Paciﬁc area a number of still poorly known species cannot be placed with certainty in either of the two available genera, and most of the species concerned are suspect of being of hybrid origin. These include Zehneria baueriana Endl., the type of the genus Zehneria. Because this latter species diﬀers considerably in detail from all other species casually assigned to Zehneria (see de Wilde & Duyfjes, 2009, ﬁg. 4), we prefer provisionally to keep the genus Zehneria as Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. * Corresponding author: b.dewilde-duyfjes@naturalis.nl © 2018 The Forest Herbarium 124 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 monotypic, restricted to its type species, occurring in lowland Norfolk Island and New Caledonia in the Paciﬁc. Zehneria baueriana diﬀers in its stout general habit and in the stamens with short ﬁlaments (ﬁlament as long as or shorter than the anther), inserted near the middle of the receptacle tube. In Pilogyne, widespread with many species in Africa and South-East Asia, the general facies of the plants is more delicate, with flowers and fruits variable, but the stamens always with long filaments, the filaments much longer than the anthers. In the recent publication by Dwivedi et al. (2018) concerning the phylogeny of Zehneria based on molecular data, it is urged to accept this genus in a broad sense, because separating the genera as proposed by de Wilde & Duyfjes (2006a) cannot be proved phylogenetically and the proposed morphological characters would be too weak. Dwivedi et al. (2018) further argue that this lumping together would be beneﬁcial for reaching taxonomic stability (in ﬂoras and ﬁeld guides) and avoid confusion among botanists trying to identify these plants in the ﬁeld and herbarium. In contrast, the present authors think that the problems should not be evaded and that inevitably the considerable and obvious diﬀerences in morphological traits, especially within the ﬂowers, will remain a persistent source of error for botanists as long as these differences are not clarified and deﬁned at the genus level. Therefore, the recognition of several genera, including Pilogyne, possibly better deﬁned morphologically, should be maintained. Pilogyne subcoriacea (Y.D.Zhou & Q.F.Wang) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, comb. nov.— Basionym: Zehneria subcoriacea Y.D.Zhou & Q.F.Wang, Phytotaxa 277(3): 282, f. 1, 2. 2016.— Type: Zhou & Mbuni 16/3 (holotype HIB; isotypes EA, PE), Kenya, Mt Kenya, 00° 10’ 12.28’’ S; 37° 13’ 09.63’’ E. — Zehneria spec. A (see Jeﬀrey, 1967 and Agnew, 1974, 2013). This species is known from several localities in Kenya, made at 2000–3000 m altitude. Pilogyne longiﬂorum (G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, comb. nov.— Basionym: Zehneria longiflorum G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang, Phytotaxa 324(1): 89, f. 1, 2. 2017.— Type: Sino-Africa Joint Investigation Team (SAJIT) 006679 (holotype HIB; isotypes EA, HIB), Kenya, Nandi County, S Nandy Forest, Kobujoi area. Pilogyne longiflorum is remarkable by its long receptacle tube. Its fruit is not yet known. The species, known from 6 collections in a restricted area of Kenya, occurs at 1900–2000 m altitude. (2) A NEW SPECIES OF SINOBAIJIANIA FROM THAILAND This new species was discovered during identiﬁcation of a collection of mainly sterile specimens made in 2013 during an ecological and ﬂoristic study of a forest plot in North-Eastern Thailand. The Sinobijiania collection appeared entangled in a sterile leafy twig of an unidentiﬁed treelet or shrub, and consisted of a fertile but leaﬂess portion of a branch. It appeared foliose because of unexpectedly large and dense male ﬂower bracts, and possibly the whole ﬂowering portion of the plant was destitute of leaves. Two years later, in the same ecological plot, in about the same locality, a sterile apex of a leafy growing shoot was collected. Female elements, ﬂowers or fruit, are as yet not found. Apart from its possibly largely leaﬂess habit when in flower, the present new Sinobaijiania is readily distinct within the genus, and also from most species of the closely related genus Thladiantha: (1) in its compound male inﬂorescence, with 3–6 bunches of congested ﬂowers dispersed along the rachis, the ﬂowers each axillary to broad ﬂabelliform, toothed bracts; (2) in its ﬂowers in which the calyx is much longer than the corolla. For further information compare de Wilde & Duyfjes (2008) and Lu & Jeﬀrey (2011). Sinobaijiania frondosa W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, sp. nov. Distinct within the genus Sinobaijiania in ﬂowers with calyx ca twice as long as corolla, not shorter than corolla.— Type: Visser, Chamchumroon, Saengrit & Suphuntee 372A, (holotype L!), Thailand, North-Eastern, Nakhon Phanom, Phu Langka National Park, 17° 58’’ 77’ N; 104° 08’ 35’’ E., 28 June 2013, Fig. 1. Climber, possibly ca 5 m long, possibly tuberous, shoots 2–2.5 mm diam. (dry), when ﬂowering possibly destitute of leaves. Plant sparsely hairy in most parts MISCELLANEOUS CUCURBIT NEWS V (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) 125 Figure 1. Sinobaijiania frondosa W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes. A. portion of male ﬂowering twig, note large ﬂower bracts; B detail of male inﬂorescence; C. male ﬂower seen from outside; D. idem, one sepal removed; E. idem sepals (largely) and two petals removed; F. stamens; G. detail of inner surface of petal, the minute papillae apparently are oil glands (all: Visser et al. 372A). Drawn by Jan van Os. 126 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 (early glabrescent and appearing as glabrous); probract absent; tendrils ca 15 cm long, 2-branched and spiralling below and above the point of branching at about one fifth from the apex. Leaves (on sterile shoots): petiole 1–2 cm long; lamina narrowly ovate, 8–10 × 3–4 cm, base cordate, apex acute, margin (remotely) dentate, teeth 1–2(–3) mm long, lower surface sparsely whitish hairy. Male inflorescence compound, paniculate, in axils of fallen (reduced) leaves, growing from the nodes together with a strong, well-developed tendril; panicle (5–)15–17 cm long including peduncle to 5 cm long with 2 or 3 scattered, ﬁnely hairy linear bracts 3–5 mm long; the rachis higher up bearing 5 or 6 scattered side-branches (0.5–)1–1.5 cm long, each ending in a condensed raceme of 5–10 (or more) ﬂowers (one opening each day), axillary to broadly wedge-shaped persistent imbricate bracts, 1.5–2.5 cm long and wide, irregularly sharply incised or lobed at apex, bract-lobes sharp, to 5 mm long. Male flowers: pedicel slender, 10–15 mm long, sparsely hairy, jointed at about the middle; ﬂowers ﬁnely hairy, part of pedicel above joint 5–6 mm long, receptacle tube narrow, shortcampanulate, (1.5–)2 × 2–2.5 mm, details of thickening inside (disc) not known; calyx corolla-like, sepals free, more-or-less imbricate in bud, spreading, narrowly ovate, at apex narrowed into a long acuteacuminate apex, ca 11 × 4 mm, much longer than petals; corolla minutely hairy, in bud sub-globose, ca 5 mm diam.; petals imbricate, very shortly free at apex, each 5–5.5 × 3 mm, faintly nerved, inside papillose; stamens in total ca 3 mm long, two in pairs and one solitary, ﬁlaments ca 1.5 mm long, with hairs less than 0.1 mm long, anthers with scattered minute hairs, dorsiﬁxed, somewhat curved, ca 2.5 mm long; basal scales 2, each ca 0.8 mm long. Female flowers, fruits and seeds not known. Thailand.— NORTH-EASTERN: Nakhon Phanom [Phu Langka National Park, 17° 58’’ 77’ N, 104° 08’ 35’’ E, 210 m, 28 June 2013, Visser et al. 372A (L)]. Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand, so far known only from the type locality. Ecology.— Dry dipterocarp forest on clay loam soil with much undergrowth, at ca 210 m altitude. Phenology.— Flowering in June. Etymology.— The species epithet refers to frondose appearance of the large and densely packed male ﬂower bracts. Note.— The papillose inner surface of the petals (ﬁg. 1G), apparently concerns the presence of oil glands (Renner & Schaefer 2010). (3) THLADIANTHA ANGUSTISEPALA W.J.DE WILDE & DUYFJES, A NEW RECORD FOR CHINA (with Maxim S. Nuraliev et al. – see Acknowledgements) The range-extension into China of Thladiantha angustisepala, hitherto known from Thailand, Laos, and Northern Vietnam (Tonkin), became known from a collection by Nuraliev et al. G35, from Guangxi (China), made not far from the northernmost known collections in Vietnam of T. angustisepala, i.e. Cuc Phuong National Park and Xuan Son National Park, ca 240 km NNE of the latter. The collection Nuraliev et al. G35 slightly deviates in a less pronounced indumentum on all parts. The duplicate specimen seen (in L) is a leafy young side-shoot from an older perennial ground-lying leaﬂess shoot rooting at the nodes. It bears only one single long-pedicelled ﬂower, as is usually present at the base of a still to be developed male raceme. In Gagnepain (Fl. Indo-Chine, 1921), Keraudren (Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Vietnam, 1975), and Lu & Jeffrey (Fl. China, 2011) the name Thladiantha angustisepala was not mentioned, as this latter species was only described in 2006 by de Wilde & Duyfjes (2006b) and noted as not occurring in China. However, on closer study, material of T. angustisepala most likely was included in the above mentioned ﬂoras under the name T. calcarata C.B.Clarke by Gagnepain (1921), or T. cordifolia (Blume) Cogn. (1881), the latter with T. calcarata as a synonym. In those ﬂoras Thladiantha cordifolia obviously was accepted in a wider sense as compared to the notion expressed in de Wilde & Duyfjes (2006b). Thladiantha angustisepala is quite distinct from T. cordifolia, as is evident from its description in e.g., the much narrower 1-veined sepals, and diﬀerent fruit, readily seen in the photographs and ﬁgure then presented (plates 1, 2 and in ﬁg. 6). The three species in the area with large ﬂabellate bracts in the male raceme and entire calyx lobes, viz. Thladiantha angustisepala, T. cordifolia, and T. tonkinensis Gagnep. superﬁcially resemble each MISCELLANEOUS CUCURBIT NEWS V (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) other, especially when only one solitary male ﬂower is present. The latter, T. tonkinensis, was accommodated in T. cordifolia both by Keraudren (1975) and Lu & Jeffrey (2011). The three species are distinct as shown in the following key: 1. Male sepals linear, 1 mm wide or less, 1-veined. Fruit verrucose or ribbed 2. Male petals 15–25 mm long. Fruit ca 3 cm long, striate-verrucose 2. Male petals 15–20 mm long. Fruit 4–5 cm long, ± ribbed 1. Male sepals linear-oblong, 2–3 mm wide, 3-veined. Fruit fenestrately sculptured Specimens of Thladiantha angustisepala studied: China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise City, Napo County, Baishen town, Nonglong village, foot of limestone hill, near village, N 23° 14’ 25’’ E 105° 33’ 35’’, 1150 m, 22 Nov. 2016, Nuraliev et al. G35 (L!, MW: MW0754572). Vietnam, Phu Tho Province, Thanh Son District, Xuan Son National Park, around Du Village, N 21° 07,877’ E 104° 56,533’, 361 m, 28 May 2015, Vislobokov 1,5013 (MW: MW0754573); same location, N 21° 07,998’ E 104° 55,880’, 277 m, 2 June 2015, Vislobokov 1,5016 6 (MW: MW0754574); same location, N 21° 07,148’ E 104° 55,875’, 547 m, 4 June 2015, Vislobokov 1,5028 8 (MW: MW0754575). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Two ecology students of Leiden University, Nina Soetens and Fenna Westveer, are thanked for their keen eﬀorts to procure a leafy twig of the new Sinobaijinia. Jan van Os (Leiden) prepared the drawing. The following are gratefully acknowledged for their contribution to the knowledge of Thladiantha: Maxim S. Nuraliev & Nikolay A. Vislobokov (both: Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, 12, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia & Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Scientiﬁc and Technological Center, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam), and Fang Wen, Bo Pan, Long-Fei Fu & Yi-Gang Wei (all: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China). The work of MSN and NAV was carried out in accordance to Government order for the Lomonosov Moscow State University (project No. AAAA-A16116021660105-3). 127 T. tonkinensis T. angustisepala T. cordifolia REFERENCES Agnew, A.D.G. (1974). 1st ed. Upland Kenya wild flowers: A flora of the ferns and herbaceous ﬂowering plants of upland Kenya. 177. Oxford University Press. ________. (2013). Upland Kenya wild ﬂowers and ferns: A ﬂora of the ﬂowers, ferns, grasses and sedges of highland Kenya. East Africa Natural History Society, Nairobi. Cogniaux, C.A. (1881). Cucurbitaceae. In: A. & C. de Candolle, Monographiae Phanerogamarum Prodomi 3: 325–951. Masson, Paris. De Boer, H.J., Cross, H.B., de Wilde, W.J.J.O., Duyfjes, B.E.E. & Gravendeel, B. (2016). Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Cucurbitaceae tribe Benincaseae urge for merging of Pilogyne with Zehneria. Phytotaxa 236(2): 173–183. De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. (2006a). Redeﬁnition of Zehneria and four new related genera (Cucurbitaceae), with an enumeration of the Australasian and paciﬁc species. Blumea 51: 1. ________. (2006b). The subtribe Thladianthinae (Cucurbitaceae) in Indochina and Malesia. Blumea 51: 493. ________. (2008). Cucurbitaceae. In: T. Santisuk & K. Larsen (eds), Flora of Thailand 9(4): 507. Prachachon Co. Ltd., by Niran Hetrakul. ________. ( 2009). Miscellaneous Cucurbit news III. Garden’s Bulletin Singapore 61(1): 205–216. Dwivedi, A.M., Barfield, S., Pandey, A.K. & Schaefer, H. (2018). Phylogeny of Zehneria (Cucurbitaceae) with special focus on Asia. Taxon 67(1): 55–65. Gagnepain, F. (1921). Thladiantha. Flore IndoChine 2: 1075. Masson et Cie., Paris. 128 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Jeffrey, C. (1967). Cucurbitaceae. In: E. MilneRedhead & R.M. Polhill (eds), Flora of Tropical East Africa 17: 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations. Keraudren-Aymonin, M. (1975). Thladiantha. In: A. Aubréville & J.-F. Leroy (eds), Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêtnam 15: 29. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Lu, A.M. & Jeﬀrey, C. (2011). Cucurbitaceae. In: W. Zhengyi & P. Raven (eds), Flora of China 29. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Renner, S.S. & Schaefer, H. (2009). The evolution and loss of oil-oﬀering ﬂowers: new insights from dated phylogenies for angiosperms and bees. Philos. Trans., Ser. B 365: 423–435. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0229. THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(2): 129–133. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.2.03 A new species of Brassaiopsis (Araliaceae) from Thailand, and lectotypiﬁcations of names for related taxa HANS-JOACHIM ESSER1 ABSTRACT Brassaiopsis spinosissima Esser is described as a new species from Peninsular Thailand. It is compared with similar species from Thailand ((Brassaiopsis ciliata Dunn and B. griﬃthii C.B.Clarke) and Peninsular Malaysia ((B. sumatrana Ridl.). They are primarily distinguished by diﬀerences in inﬂorescence size and position and in details of the indumentum. Two names sometimes confused with the new species, Panax palmatus Roxb. and Hedera polyacantha Wall., are lectotypiﬁed and discussed in connection with Brassaiopsis hainla (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Seem. in order to distinguish them from the new species. KEYWORDS: Hedera, Malay Peninsula, Panax, typiﬁcation Published online: 8 October 2018 INTRODUCTION TAXONOMY Brassaiopsis Decne. & Planch. is a small genus of Asian Araliaceae with ca 25 species distributed from India and China to Java and Sumatra. They are characterized by spiny stems and branches, dendritic, yellowish-brown to reddish-brown trichomes, ﬂowers with five united sepals and five free petals, and 2–3-locular ovaries and fruits. Most species bear palmately-lobed leaves. As in many Araliaceae, leaf dimorphism may be present with young leaves quite diﬀerent from older ones. Species sometimes look superﬁcially similar and there has been quite some confusion in the past about their names. Brassaiopsis hainla (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Seem., as circumscribed here, can be distinguished by leaves that are lobed for less than half of their diameter (i.e., short lobes). Among the species with deeply-lobed leaves (lobed for more than half of their diameter), one species from Peninsular Thailand is described as new here. Brassaiopsis hainla (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Seem., J. Bot. 2: 291. 1864.— Hedera hainla Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 187. 1825. Type: Nepal, Naramhetty, Buchanan Hamilton s.n. (holotype BM!). The names Panax palmatus Roxb. [basionym of Brassaiopsis palmata (Roxb.) Kurz] and Hedera polyacantha Wall. [basionym of Brassaiopsis polyacantha (Wall.) R.N.Banerjee] have both been repeatedly misapplied. This confusion also concerns this new species. It is therefore necessary to lectotypify these two earlier names and clarify their circumscriptions. 1 — Hedera polyacantha Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 82, t. 190. 1831.— Brassaiopsis polyacantha (Wall.) R.N.Banerjee, Indian Forester 93: 341. 1967. Type: Nepal, 1821, Wallich Cat. 4907 A (Wallich s.n.) (lectotype K-W!, designated here). — Panax palmatus Roxb. [Hort. Bengal.: 21. 1814, nom. nud.] Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 2: 74. 1832. — Brassaiopsis palmata (Roxb.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 39: 77, pl. 2. 1870, pro parte as to type. Type: India, cultivated in Calcutta Botanic Gardens and indigenous ‘in the moist valleys between the hills over the province of Chittagong’, Roxburgh s.n. (lectotype BM!, designated here). Notes.— 1. Wallich Cat. 4907, the type of Hedera polyacantha, is a mixture of two elements (4907 A and B), both collected by Wallich himself, as can be seen in the East India Company Herbarium at Kew and as it was also cited in Wallich’s catalogue (Wallich, 1831–1832). Wallich Cat. 4907 A, collected in Nepal, is a ﬂowering specimen with shallowly 5-lobed leaves undoubtedly referable to Brassaiopsis Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80638 München, Germany; email: esser@snsb.de © 2018 The Forest Herbarium 130 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 hainla, whereas Wallich Cat. 4907 B, likewise from Nepal, is a sterile specimen with deeply lobed leaves with seven very narrow, nearly glabrous lobes. In his Plantae Asiaticae Rariores, Wallich (1831) illustrated 4907 A in his plate, but with seven leaf lobes; he cited no collection but indicated Nepal as the collecting locality. The presence of the quite diﬀerent parts of Wallich Cat. 4907 B explains why Hedera polyacantha Wall. with deeply divided, 7-lobed leaves, based on Wallich Cat. 4907 B, was sometimes distinguished from H. polyacantha Wall. ex G.Don with shallowly divided, 5-lobed leaves, referring to the illustration. Seemann (1864) cited Hedera polyacantha as a synonym of Brassaiopsis hainla, based on Wallich Cat. 4907 7 (Nepal). Clarke (1879), however, listed Hedera polyacantha as a synonym of Brassaiopsis palmata sensu Kurz, referring only to Wallich’s plate. King (1898) discussed this confusion in some detail, and he cited only Wallich Cat. 4907 B under Brassaiopsis palmata. The name was not mentioned again until Indian botanists (e.g. Balakrishnan, 1970, under Euaraliopsis Hutch., a synonym of Brassaiopsis) re-discovered it, followed by Philipson (1979). The leaf comprising Wallich Cat. 4907 B is diﬃcult to name. Because ﬂowers and shallowly lobed leaves were illustrated by Wallich, Wallich Cat. 4907 A is chosen here as the lectotype, despite the fact that the number of lobes shown in the illustration diﬀers. In this way Brassaiopsis polyacantha is unambiguously a synonym of B. hainla, as it had been treated by Seemann (1864) and Grierson (1991). 2. The type of Panax palmatus at BM is undoubtedly referable to Brassaiopsis hainla, as can also be seen in Icones Roxburghianae 2208 at Kew. Seemann (1864) was correct when he placed Panax palmatus in synonymy. However, Kurz (1870, 1877) applied Roxburgh’s basionym to plants of the Andaman Islands, which differ in having deeply lobed leaves. This was an error, and because he was followed by most other authors for over a century, the combination Brassaiopsis palmata was very often misapplied to various species with deeply lobed leaves (e.g., Ridley, 1922). As far as could be traced, Seemann’s correct synonymy was re-estabished only recently by Grierson (1991). 3. Another consequence of these typiﬁcations is that Brassaiopsis hainla is now a Himalayan species, just reaching Thailand but not Malesia. Esser (2004) cited the correct synonymy, but erroneously included the Malay Peninsula for the distribution off Brassaiopsis hainla. Brassaiopsis spinosissima Esser, sp. nov. This species is characterized by deeply-lobed leaves with (7–)9 lobes scarcely constricted at base that are sparsely pubescent on both sides, with distinct reticulate venation below, and by large inﬂorescences up to 60 cm in length. It is similar to two species with deeply-lobed leaves that are found in Northern Thailand, namely Brassaiopsis ciliata Dunn, which is distinguished by its (7–)9–11-lobed leaves that have characteristic, setose ciliate trichomes above and are usually constricted at base, and with inﬂorescences ca 15–30 cm long, and B. griﬃthiii C.B.Clarke, which has (5–)7–9-lobed leaves with the lobes never constricted at base and glabrous at least above if not on both sides, and with inﬂorescences ca 20 cm long. Type: Thailand. Surat Thani, Phanom District, Khlong Phanom National Park, ‘Giant Bamboo’ nature trail, 8°48’N, 98°44’E, 300 m, 28 Nov. 2005 (ﬂ), Gardner, Sidisunthorn & Tippayasri ST 1705a (holotype BKF!; isotype M!). Fig.1. — Brassaiopsis polyacantha auct. non (Wall.) R.N.Banerjee: Gardner et al., Forest Trees S. Thailand 1: 231, pl. 323. 2015. Deciduous single-stemmed or sparsely branched tree to 14 m, dbh to 30 cm, ﬂowering when in leaf but often leaﬂess when fruiting; bark pale grey to creamy, middle bark green, inner bark white; stem and branches very spiny. Indumentum of pale-brownish to yellowish-brown trichomes ca 0.2–0.3 mm long. Leaves: stipules ca 1.2 mm long; petiole 18–37 cm long, nearly glabrous; blade chartaceous, to ca 30 × 40 cm, palmately (7–)9-lobed, base rounded to decurrent, the basal 7–12 cm undivided, the lobes to 14–18 × 4–9 cm, longer than the undividedd basal part, elliptic and scarcely constrictedd at base, margin serrate, apex acuminate, paler below, both surfaces with scattered trichomes, veins of each lobe ca 7(–9) pairs, complete venation including reticulate veinlets distinctly visible below, indistinct above. Inflorescences terminal, at least 30 × 50 cm on specimens (described as 60 cm long by Gardner et al. 2015), sometimes with spines near base, with numerous (often 10–14) side branches, each subtendedd by a scaly, persistent bract ca 3 × 1.5 mm, main axis with scattered trichomes; A NEW SPECIES OF BRASSAIOPSIS (ARALIACEAE) FROM THAILAND, AND LECTOTYPIFICATIONS OF NAMES FOR RELATED TAXA (H.-J. ESSER) 131 Figure 1. Brassaiopsis spinosissima. A. habit; B. leaf; C. ﬂowering umbel; D. umbel in bud; E. ﬂower in bud; F. ﬂower bud, petals removed showing stamens; G. ﬂower bud, petals and stamen removed, disc and style; H. mature ﬂowers; I. umbel of immature fruits. After Gardner et al. ST 1705a (BKF). 132 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 side branches to 25 cm long, with a larger terminal umbel and numerous smaller lateral umbels each on a peduncle of ca 5 cm; terminal umbel of each branch 3 cm diam. [4(–5) cm in fruit], with 15–25 ﬂowers, bracts ca 1 mm long. Flowers brownish-cream; densely tomentose in bud, soon glabrescent; pedicels 9–12 mm long, with scattered trichomes; sepals 5, mostly united, 2 mm long, free apical lobes ca 0.5 mm long, glabrous; petals 5, greenish-white to dull cream, free, 2.5 × 1 mm; stamens 5, not seen in mature ﬂowers; ovary 2–3-locular; style short, undivided. Fruits grey-green when immature; pedicels 8–12 mm long, with scattered tichomes; drupes subspherical, not sulcate when dry, 7–8 × 7–8 mm, glabrous, style 1.5 mm long. Thailand.— —PENINSULAR: Surat Thani [Phanom District, Khlong Phanom National Park, ‘Giant Bamboo’ nature trail, 8°48’N, 98°44’E, 300 m, 20 Mar. 2005 (fr), Gardner et al. ST 1705 (BKF, M); same locality, 28 Nov. 2005 (ﬂ), Gardner et al. ST 1705a (BKF, M)]; Nakhon Si Thammarat [Lan Saka District, Khao Luang National Park, SE side of Khao Luang Mountain, between Khiriwong village summut, 8°28′N, 99°45′E, 650 m, 7 Mar. 2006 (fr), Gardner ST 2454 (BKF, M)]. Etymology.—The name refers to the particularly dense spines of the species. All species off Brassaiopsis have spiny stems and branches. In this species, however, the spines are denser and more pronounced than in most other species, and notably even the basal part of the inﬂorescence is spiny. Distribution and Ecology.—Found at the edge of relatively undisturbed evergreen forest, on rugged limestone terrain or over granitic bedrock, between 300 and 650 m elevation. Notes.— Gardner et al. (2015) provide an excellent illustration under Brassaiopsis polyacantha. The present author is partly responsible for their mis-identiﬁcation. In Thailand, other species with a similar leaf shape are only known from Northern Thailand as mentioned above, Brassaiopsis ciliata Dunn (only known from Nan) and B. griﬃthii C.B.Clarke (only known from Chiang Mai). They diﬀer, among other characters, by their smaller inﬂorescences and the diﬀerent indumentum on their leaves. Large inﬂorescences of comparable sizes occur in Thailand only in Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Blume) Regel, which however has digitately compound leaves of a very diﬀerent shape. In Peninsular Malaysia, plants from Pahang and Kedah which are very similar have been named as Brassaiopsis palmata or Brassaiopsis polyacantha by Ridley (1922), Stone (1977) and Philipson (1979). They appear to diﬀer mainly in minor characters such as subentire leaf lobes, being in leaf when in fruit, and are found on streambanks and along rivers. They may be conspeciﬁc with Brassaiopsis spinosissima but further studies are needed to clarify their status. The only other Malesian species with a similar leaf shape is Brassaiopsis sumatrana Ridl., from Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, which is however clearly distinct by its much smaller inﬂorescences (less than 20 cm long) which appear laterally (pseudolateral, overtopped by leaves) with a dense, reddish-brown indumentum, and leaves with very indistinct venation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was initially supported by an InstitutionalPostdoctoralgrantt (ERBCHBGCT930297) of the Human Capital and Mobility Programme (Commission of the European Communities), organized by John Parnell (TCD). I thank the staﬀ of the Forest Herbarium (BKF), Bangkok for support, and Simon Gardner for providing specimens. I am indebted to Mahsarahka Rungkrajang for the beautiful illustration. REFERENCES Balakrishnan, N.P. (1970). Nomenclatural notes on some flowering plants—II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 67: 67–76. Clarke, C.B. (1879). Araliaceae. In: J.D. Hooker (ed.), The Flora of British India 2: 720–740. Reeve & Co., London. Esser, H.-J. (2004 [‘2003’]). Brassaiopsis. In: D.G. Frodin & R. Govaerts, World checklist and bibliography of Araliaceae: 98–105. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Gardner, S., Sidisunthorn, P. & Chayamarit, K. (2015). Forest trees of Southern Thailand, volume 1 (A–Es). The Forest Herbarium, Bangkok & The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 749 pp. A NEW SPECIES OF BRASSAIOPSIS (ARALIACEAE) FROM THAILAND, AND LECTOTYPIFICATIONS OF NAMES FOR RELATED TAXA (H.-J. ESSER) Grierson, A.J.C. (1991). Araliaceae. In: A.J.C. Grierson & D.G. Long (eds), Flora of Bhutan 2.1: 333–350. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. King, G. (1898). Materials for a ﬂora of the Malay Peninsula 10. Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal, Part 2, Natural History 67: 1–63. Kurz, W.S. (1870). Report on the vegetation of the Andaman Islands. Oﬃce of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 75 pp. ________. (1877). Forest Flora of British Burma 1. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 549 pp. Philipson, W.R. (1979). Araliaceae I. In: C.G.G.J. van Steenis (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1 Spermatophyta, 9: 1–105. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague. 133 Ridley, H.N. (1922). The Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. Reeve & Co., London, 672 pp. Seemann, B. (1864). Revision of the natural order Hederaceae. II: On the genera with a single style. Journal of Botany 2: 289–309. Stone, B.C. (1977). Notes on the systematy of Malayan phanerogams: 25. Araliaceae. Garden Bulletin Singapore 30: 275–291. Wallich, N. (1831). Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 2(8): 53–86, t. 176–200. Treuttel and Würtz, London etc. ________. (1831–1832). A numerical list of dried specimens: 172–211. Lithographed manuscript, Calcutta and London. THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(2): 134–137. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.2.04 Dendrobium chrysocrepis (Orchidaceae), a new record for Thailand ORPORN PHUEAKKHLAI1, SOMRAN SUDDEE2, TREVOR R. HODKINSON3, HENRIK Æ. PEDERSEN4, PRIWAN SRISOM5 & SARAWOOD SUNGKAEW1,6,* ABSTRACT In this paper we report the ﬁrst conﬁrmed ﬁnd of Dendrobium chrysocrepis in Thailand. A morphological description, line drawing and colour plate are presented (all based on Thai material), and some background information on the globally rare species is provided. KEYWORDS: Dendrobium moschatum, Epidendroideae, northern Thailand. Published online: 11 October 2018 INTRODUCTION Dendrobium Sw., one of the largest orchid genera (Wood, 2006), belongs to subtribe Dendrobiinae in tribe Dendrobieae of the large subfamily Epidendroideae. It contains about 1,450 species distributed among 28 sections (Pridgeon et al., 2014), 10 of which are represented in Thailand. Section Dendrobium is relatively large, comprising of approximately 100 species distributed from India in the west to New Guinea and Australia in the south-east and to Japan and Korea in the north-east (Lavarack et al., 2000; Pridgeon et al., 2014). In the latest critical revision of the Thai material, 53 species were accepted in groups currently referred to sect. Dendrobium. Thus, Seidenfaden (1985) accepted 36 species in sect. Dendrobium s.s., nine species in sect. Callista and eight in sect. Breviﬂores; the two latter infrageneric taxa, however, are now included in sect. Dendrobium (Pridgeon et al., 2014). One of the least known species in sect. Dendrobium is D. chrysocrepis C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. ex Hook.f. The original description was based on material from Myanmar, provided by Charles Parish – a chaplain who made numerous plant collections in the wider surroundings of Mawlamyine from 1852 and the following 25 years (Clayton, 2017). In contrast to many other orchids imported to Europe in the 1800s, D. chrysocrepis has remained exceedingly rare in cultivation (Wood, 2006: 489), and very few observations of the species in the wild have been made since its discovery. Recent records from Yunnan (Jin & Li, 2006 [sub syn. D. menglaensis X.H.Jin & H.Li]; Li et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2010: 321) have demonstrated that D. chrysocrepis has a much wider distribution than previously assumed – and thus raised the hope that the rare species might also occur in Thailand. Against this background, it was gratifying, but not totally unexpected, when the ﬁrst unequivocal ﬁnd of D. chrysocrepis in Thailand was made during ﬁeld work targeting Dendrobium sect. Dendrobium in May 2017. 1 Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 2 Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 3 Department of Botany School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. 4 Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. 5 146/1 Krungthep-Nonthaburi 42, Krungthep-Nonthaburi Rd. Wongsawang, Bang Sue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand. 6 Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. * Corresponding author: ﬀorsws@ku.ac.th © 2018 The Forest Herbarium DENDROBIUM CHRYSOCREPIS (ORCHIDACEAE), A NEW RECORD FOR THAILAND (O. PHUEAKKHLAI, S. SUDDEE, T.R. HODKINSON, H.Æ. PEDERSEN, P. SRISOM & S. SUNGKAEW) DESCRIPTION Dendrobium chrysocrepis C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. ex Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 98: t. 6007. 1872; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 744. 1890; B. Grant, Orchids Burma: 77. 1895.— Callista chrysocrepis (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.) Kunte, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 654. 1891. Type: Mawlamyine, Myanmar, March 1871, Parish 309 (holotype K! [K000943862]). — D. menglaense X.H.Jin & H.Li, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43: 296. 2006; G.G.Zhu, Z.H.Ji, J.J.Wood & H.P.Wood in Z.Y.Wu et al. (eds), Fl. China 25: 385. 2009. Figs. 1–2. Lithophytic herb. Stem subclavate, bilaterally ﬂattened from a thin base, 10–28 cm long, ca 1 cm in diam., enclosed by persistent leaf sheaths. Leaves lanceolate, up to 7 × 1.5 cm, apex unequally acuminate. Inflorescences produced on leafless stems, oneflowered; floral bract ovate, ca 2 mm long, apex acute. Flowers 2.5–3 cm long, yellow; pedicel and ovary ca 2 cm long. Sepals glabrous on both sides, 5–6 veined; dorsal sepal obovate, rounded, 1.8–2 × 0.8–1 cm, 5-veined; lateral sepals at base adnate to the column, obliquely elliptic-oblong, acute to obtuse, 2.2–2.5 × 0.8–1 cm, 6-veined. Petals obliquely obovate, obtuse to rounded, 1.8–2 × 0.8–1 cm, 7-veined. Labellum yellowish-orange, slippershaped, densely pubescent on the dorsal side, 1.8–2 × 1.2–1.5 cm, with incurved margin; disc rufously villous in a broad median band. Column yellow to light green, ca 1.2 cm long, hairy at apex; mentum short. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Angkhang, 19 May 2017, Srisom 51 (BKF!, spirit collection)]. Distribution.— — China (Yunnan), Myanmar Ecology.— In Thailand, plants are found in lower montane rain forest on a limestone hill growing on mossy, humus-rich cliffs, sometimes together with Dendrobium dantaniense Guillaumin; 1700 m alt. Flowering: recorded in May. Vernacular.— — Ueang thung thong (เอื้องถุงทอง) (here proposed). Note.— Dendrobium chrysocrepis is similar to D. moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw. but diﬀers in having smaller, bright yellow, solitary ﬂowers on bilaterally ﬂattened stems. 135 In the 1990s, the appearance of a few cultivated plants, presumably of wild-collected origin and in some cases obtained from Thai dealers, was taken by some orchidologists as evidence of D. chrysocrepis occurring in Thailand. However, for each of the plants concerned, Seidenfaden (1996, 1997), in spite of thorough investigations, was unable to verify either the identiﬁcationn or a wild-collected Thai origin. Consequently, the record reported in this paper represents the ﬁrst conﬁrmed ﬁnd of D. chrysocrepis in Thailand. The only known occurrence in Thailand apparently comprises only ca 10 individuals, making D. chrysocrepis an obvious candidate for the national Thai Red List. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first author would like to thank Bob Harwood for helpful suggestions. Financial support from the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/ 0215/2558) to student’s initials and advisor’s initials is acknowledged. REFERENCES Clayton, D. (2017). Charles Parish – plant hunter and botanical artist in Burma. The Ray Society, London & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jin, X.-H. and Li, H. (2006). Coelogyne tsii and Dendrobium menglaensis (Orchidaceae), two new species from Yunnan, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 43: 295–297. Lavarack, B., Harris, W. & Stocker, G. (2000). Dendrobium and its relatives. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. Li, L., Ye, D., Li, J. & Xing, F. (2009). A newly recorded species and a new synonym of Orchidaceae from China. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 17: 295–297. Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2014). Genera Orchidacearum 6. Epidendroideae (part three). Oxford University Press, Oxford. Seidenfaden, G. (1985). Orchid Genera in Thailand XII. Dendrobium Sw. Opera Botanica 83: 1–295. Seidenfaden, G. (1996). The reappearance of Phalaenopsis lowii (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 16: 283–286. 136 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Figure 1. Dendrobium chrysocrepis C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.: A. habit; B–C. ﬂower (front view and top view); D. dorsal sepal; E. lateral sepals (inside and outside); F. petals (inside and outside); G–H. lip (upper surface and side view); J. lip and column; Drawn by O. Phueakkhlai. 137 DENDROBIUM CHRYSOCREPIS (ORCHIDACEAE), A NEW RECORD FOR THAILAND (O. PHUEAKKHLAI, S. SUDDEE, T.R. HODKINSON, H.Æ. PEDERSEN, P. SRISOM & S. SUNGKAEW) A C B D E Figure 2. Dendrobium chrysocrepis C.S.P. Parish & Rchb. f. ex Hook. f.: A–B. habit; C. ﬂower (top view); D. lip (side view); E. lip (upper and lower surfaces); Photographed by P. Srisom (A–C) and O. Phueakkhlai (D–E). Seidenfaden, G. (1997). Contributions to the orchid ﬂora of Thailand XIII. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg. Wood, H.P. (2006). The Dendrobiums. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Liechtenstein. Xu, Z., Jiang, H., Ye, D. & Liu, E. (2010). The wild orchids of Yunnan [in Chinese]. Yunnan Publishing Group Corporation / Yunnan Science & Technology Press, Kunming. THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(2): 138–150. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.2.05 The genus Campylotropis (Leguminosae) in Thailand JIRATTHI SATTHAPHORN1, PEERAPAT ROONGSATTHAM1, PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI2 & CHARAN LEERATIWONG1,* ABSTRACT Seven taxa of Thai Campylotropis are recognized: C. bonii Schindl., C. capillipes (Franch.) Schindl. subsp. prainii (Collett & Hemsl.) Iokawa & H.Ohashi, C. decora (Kurz) Schindl., C. harmsii Schindl., C. parviflora (Kurz) Schindl., C. pinetorum (Kurz) Schindl. and C. sulcata Schindl. The reinstatement of C. parviflora is proposed here and C. cytisoides f. parviflora is reduced to a synonym of C. parviflora. A key to the species and descriptions with notes on their distribution, ecological data, vernacular names and photographs are also provided. KEYWORDS: Campylotropis, Desmodieae, Leguminosae, Thailand. Published online: 29 October 2018 INTRODUCTION The genus Campylotropis Bunge (Desmodieae, Leguminosae) comprises about 37 species distributed in temperate and tropical Asia (Iokawaa & Ohashi, 2002, 2008; Lewis et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2010). The genus was ﬁrst described by Bunge (1835) based on C. chinensis Bunge, now a synonym of C. macrocarpa (Bunge) Rehder. This genus is similar to genus Lespedeza Michx., but the character to distinguish Campylotropis from Lespedeza is the presence of one ﬂower per bract while Lespedeza has two ﬂowers per bract (Iokawa & Ohashi, 2002). The name ‘Campylotropis’ is derived from two Greek words, ‘campylo’ meaning curved and ‘tropis’ meaning keel which is a distinct character of the genus (Lewis et al., 2005). Craib (1928) listed seven species of Campylotropis (as Lespedeza), and we recognize six of those (except C. henryi non Schindl. treated as a synonym of C. decora (Kurz) Schindl.) in the seven species treated here. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh ﬁeld collections in Thailand and specimens from the following herbaria: AAU, BCU, BK, BKF, BM, C, CAL, CMU, CMUB, E, K, KKU, L, P, PSU, QBG, US and WAG (herbarium acronyms follow Thiers, 2016) were examined. Most type specimens cited have been seen, indicated in the text by !, n.v. (non vide) indicates when the type was not seen. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT CAMPYLOTROPIS Bunge, Uchen. Zap. Imp. Kazansk. Univ. 4: 157. 1835; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 229. 1855; Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 338, 424. 1912; Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees & Shrubs 1: 517. 1927; Hutch., Gen. Fl. Pl. 1: 488. 1964; H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 49(2): 40. 1974; H.Ohashi et al. in Polhill & P.H.Raven, Advances Legume Syst. 1: 300. 1981; Thuan in Thuan et al., Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Vietnam 23: 143. 1987; P.Y.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 22. 1987; P.Y.Fu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 41: 92. 1995; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 77: 191. 2002; X.F.Gao, in Inst. Bot. Kunming. Acad. Sin., Fl. Yunnan. 10: 550. 2006; P.Huang et al. in Z.Y.Wu et al., Fl. China 10: 292. 2010. Type species: C. chinensis Bunge (= C. macrocarpa (Bunge) Rehder). 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 2 Department of Biology and Center of Excellence on Biodiversity (BDC), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. * Corresponding author: charan.leeratiwong@gmail.com © 2018 The Forest Herbarium THE GENUS CAMPYLOTROPIS (LEGUMINOSAE) IN THAILAND (J. SATTHAPHORN, P. ROONGSATTHAM, P. CHANTARANOTHAI & C. LEERATIWONG) — Phlebosprium Jungh., Reisen Durch Java: 346. 1847; Hassk., Flora 30: 508. 1847. Type species: P. cytisoides Jungh. — Phlebosporium Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1: 524. 1865. Type species: P. cytisoides Benth. — Lespdeza sect. Campylotropis (Bunge) Benth., Hook’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 48. 1852; Taub. in Engl. & Prant, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. 3(3): 332. 1894; Nakai, Lespedeza of Japan & Korea: 3. 1927. Type species: L. cytisoides Benth. — Lespedeza subgen. Campylotropis (Bunge) Maxim, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 345, 347. 1873. Type species: L. cytisoides Benth. — Lespedeza Michx. subgen. Oxyramphis (Wall. ex Meisn.) Baker in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 143. 1879.— Oxyramphis Wall., Numer. List nr. 5348. 1831, nom. nud. Type species: O. macrostyla (D.Don) Wall. ex Meisn. Shrubs, 1–4 m tall. Stems erect or ascending, much branched, terete or multi-angular, hairy. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, alternate, subcoriaceous to chartaceous; petioles hairy; stipules triangular or triangular-lanceolate or triangular-linear, striate, persistent, outside hairy, inside glabrous; stipels absent. Inflorescences axillary raceme or terminal panicle with reduced subtending leaves, peduncles hairy. Flowers papilionaceous, 1-ﬂowered per subtending bract, fragile; bracts present at base 139 of pedicels, mostly narrowly triangular, persistent or caducous, outside hairy, inside glabrous; bracteoles occuring at base of calyx, triangular, ovatetriangular or setaceous, persistent or caducous, outside hairy, inside glabrous. Calyx of 4 sepals, campanulate, outside hairy, inside glabrous; dorsal 1-lobed, entire or 2-toothed at apex; lateral 2-lobed, slightly shorter than dorsal one; lowest 1-lobed, longest. Corolla of 5 petals, light to dark violet, dark blue or pinkish-white to creamy-white, glabrous; standard variable in shape, mostly broadly obovate or elliptic, clawed, auricle present or absent; wings mostly oblong, clawed, auricle 1; keel boat-shaped, narrowly oblong, falcate, clawed, auricle 1, ventral sutures joined. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9+1), base connate into staminal tubes about ¾ of its length; anthers uniform, ovate-oblong or oblong, yellow. Pistils 1-carpellate; ovary superior, oblong, glabrous to hairy, 1-locular, 1-ovuled; styles ﬁliform, incurved at right angle about ¼ of its length; stigmas terminal, capitate. Pods a legume, 1-articulated, indehiscent, laterally ﬂattened, apex acuminate or rounded and mucronate, obvious reticulate veins, hairy; fruiting stalks elongated. Seeds 1, reniform, obliquely elliptic or oblong, brown, reddish-brown or blackish-brown; hilum with annulus aril. A genus of about 37 species, widely distributed in India to Indo-China and East Asia. Six species and 1 subspecies in Thailand. K EY TO THE SPECIES 1. Corolla pinkish-white to creamy-white; standard with green blotches on both sides; wings less than or equal to 6 mm long 2. Lower surface of leaﬂets covered with ascending velutinous hairs; upper surface of leaﬂets with black spots; pods less than or 6. C pinetorum equal to 6 mm long 2. Lower surface of leaﬂets covered with appressed hairs; upper surface of leaﬂets without black spot; pods more than 6 mm long 5. C. parviﬂora 1. Corolla dark blue or light to dark violet; standard without green blotches; wings more than 6 mm long 3. Upper surface of leaﬂets pilose; stems with shortly zigzag lateral branches 4. C. harmsii 3. Upper surface of leaﬂets glabrous; stems without shortly zigzag lateral branches 4. Peduncle covered with appressed hairs; pods glabrous or covered with appressed hairs 5. Standard with white and yellow blotches, 7.5–9 mm long and without auricles; peduncle sparsely cover of appressed-hairy; wings less than or equal to 8.5 mm long 1. C. bonii 5. Standard without white and yellow blotches, 10–11 mm long and with auricles; peduncle densely appressed-hairy; wings more than 8.5 mm long 2. C. capillipes subsp. prainii 4. Peduncle covered with patent hairs and glandular hairs; pods patent-hairy 6. Calyx lobes longer than 3 mm long, overlapping, dorsal lobe ovate-triangular; lower surface of leaﬂets shortly appressedhairy; pedicels more than 2 mm long 3. C. decora 6. Calyx lobes shorter or equal to 3 mm long, not overlapping, dorsal lobe triangular; lower surface of leaﬂets appressed sericeous; pedicels less than or equal to 2 mm long 7. C. sulcata 140 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 1. Campylotropis bonii Schindl. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54 (1): 64. 1916; Thuan in Thuan et al., Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Vietnam 23: 143. 1987; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 77(4): 201. 2002. — Lespedeza bonii (Schindl.) Gagnep. in Lecomte & Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine 2: 520. 1920.Type: Vietnam, Tuan-Du, Bon 4320 (holotype P P00758118!, isotypes P P00758120!, P P00758119!). — Campylotropis bonii var. anguticarpa Schindl. in Fedde Repert. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 271. 1926; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1(3): 432. 1928. Type: Thailand, Phang Nga, small island near Panyi island, Herb. Hort. Singapore no. 4079 (holotype BM!, isotype K!). Fig. 1A–B. Shrub, 1–3 m tall. Stems erect or ascending, terete, dark brown, glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed hairs. Leaves: petioles 8–17 mm long, glabrous or sparsely appressed-hairy; rachis 2–5 mm long; stipules triangular or triangular-lanceolate, 2–3 × 0.8–1 mm, outside appressed-hairy; leaﬂets obcordate-obdeltoid, subcoriaceous; terminal leaﬂets 1.2–2.5 × 0.9–2 cm, lateral leaﬂets 1–2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, apex emarginate, base cuneate, margins entire; upper surface green, glabrous; lower surface light green, appressed-hairy; lateral veins 9–12 pairs; petiolules 2.5–4 mm long, densely appressed-hairy. Inflorescences axillary raceme, 2.5–3.5 cm long, laxly ﬂowered; peduncles 8–10 mm long, sparsely appressed-hairy; bracts triangular, 0.5–1 × 0.2–0.5 mm, glabrous; bracteoles triangular, 0.7–1 × 0.3–0.5 mm, glabrous; pedicels 7–11 mm long, sparsely appressed-hairy. Calyx green, appressed-hairy; tube 1.8–2 mm long; dorsal lobe triangular, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm; lateral lobes narrowly triangular, 1.3–1.5 × 0.7–0.8 mm; lowest lobe triangular to narrowly triangular, 1.5–1.8 × 0.6–1 mm. Corolla light to dark purple with white and yellow blotches at base; standard elliptic-ovate, 7.5–9 × 5–7 mm, apex acute, claw 1.5–2 mm long, auricles absent; wings oblong, 8–8.5 × 2.5–3 mm, slightly upward, apex rounded, claw 1.5–2.5 mm long, auricle 0.5–0.6 mm long; keel 7.5–8 × 2.5–3 mm, claw 1.5–2.5 mm long, auricle 0.2–0.3 mm long. Stamens 7–9 mm long, staminal tubes 6–7 mm long, free part of ﬁlaments 2–2.5 mm long; anthers oblong 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm. Pistils 9–9.5 mm long; ovary 2–2.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, appressed-hairy; styles 6–6.5 mm long, appressed-hairy at base. Pods obliquely oblong, 11–15 × 4–5 mm, brown, apex roundedd and mucronate, sparsely appressed-hairy; fruiting stalks 8–10 mm long. Seeds reniform to oblong, 6–8 × 3–3.5 mm, brown. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Krabi [Sra Morakot Wildlife Sanctuary, 10 Apr. 2003, Middleton et al. 2100 (BKF); Tham Suea Temple, 5 Jan. 2006, Gardner & Sidisunthron ST2161 (QBG, L), ibid., 18 Apr. 2007, Gardner ST2895 (BKF, QBG), ibid., 24 Oct. 1991, Larsen et al. 42555 (BKF, P), ibid., 8 May 2002, Pooma et al. 3609 (BKF), ibid., 10 May 2017, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 80 (PSU), ibid., 22 Aug. 2017, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 81 (PSU)]; Phang Nga [Khao Ping Kan, 25 Oct. 1974, S.N. (BK); Small Island near Panyi Island, 17 Dec. 1928, Herb. Hort. Singapore no. 4079 (BM, K)]; Phuket [28 Feb. 1994, Schmidt s.n. (P)]. Distribution.— Vietnam. Ecology.— Fissures on limestone outcrops, alt. 150–330 m. Flowering: April to October. Fruiting: April to October. Vernacular.— Lueat nai tai (เลือดในใตต).  Note.— Campylotropis bonii has a light to dark purple corolla with white and yellow blotches on the standard petal, sparsely appressed hairs on the peduncle, and distinctly obcordate-obdeltoid leaﬂets. 2. Campylotropis capillipes (Franch.) Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 341. 1912; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 573. 1933; C.Y.Wu et al., Index Fl. Yunnan. 1: 573. 1984; P.Y.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 28. 1987; P.Y.Fu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 41: 98. 1995.— Lespedeza capillipes Franch., Pl. Delavay. 165. 1890; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 77(4): 206. 2002; X.F.Gao, in Inst. Bot. Kunming. Acad. Sin., Fl. Yunnan. 10: 557. 2006; P.Huang et al. in Y.Z.Wu et al., Fl. China 10: 294. 2010. Type: China, Yunnan, monte Hee-chan-men, Delavay 2733 (lectotype K K03089370! selected by Iokawa and Ohashi (2008), isolectotypes K K000894863!, P P00758122!). subsp. prainii (Collett & Hemsl.) Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 77(4): 209. 2002; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 83(1): 41. 2008; P.Huang et al. in Y.Z.Wu et al., Fl. China 10: 295. 2010.— Lespedeza prainii Collett & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 46. 1890; H.Lév., Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan: 158. 1916.— Campylotropis prainii (Collett & Hemsl.) THE GENUS CAMPYLOTROPIS (LEGUMINOSAE) IN THAILAND (J. SATTHAPHORN, P. ROONGSATTHAM, P. CHANTARANOTHAI & C. LEERATIWONG) Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 341. 1912; C.Y.Wu et al., Index Fl. Yunnan. 1: 576. 1984; P.Y.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 28. 1987; P.Y.Fu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 41: 98. 1995. Type: Myanmar (Burma), Shan, Collett 951 (holotype K K000894915!). Fig. 1C–D. Shrub, 1–3 m tall. Stems erect, multi-angular, blackish-brown, densely appressed-hairy. Leaves: petioles 5–33 mm, densely appressed-hairy; rachis 1–3 mm long; stipules triangular-lanceolate or setaceous, 4–10 × 1–2 mm, outside appressed-hairy; leaﬂets obovate-oblong or obcordate, chartaceous; terminal leaﬂets 0.8–2.8 × 0.5–1.5 cm, lateral leaﬂets 0.5–2.2 × 0.5–2 cm, apex retuse or rounded and mucronate, base cuneate or rounded, margins entire; upper surface dark green, glabrous; lower surface light green, densely appressed-hairy; lateral veins 7–12 pairs; petiolules 1–2 mm long, densely appressedhairy. Inflorescences axillary raceme, 2.5–6 cm long, denselyy ﬂowered, ﬂowers usually pendulous; peduncles 1–2.6 cm long, appressed-hairy; bracts triangular, 3–7 × 1–2 mm, appressed-hairy; bracteoles triangular, 1–2.5 × 1–2 mm, glabrous; pedicels 3–10 mm long, densely appressed-hairy. Calyx reddish-brown to red, appressed-hairy; tube 2–2.5 mm long; dorsal lobe triangular, 1.2–2.5 × 1–2.5 mm, with or without 2 teeth; lateral lobes triangular 1–2 × 0.5–1.2 mm; lowest lobe narrowly triangular, 1.5–2.2 × 0.5–1.2 mm. Corolla dark blue to purple; standard obovateoblong, 10–11 × 7–8 mm, apex obtuse or emarginate, claw 1.7–2 mm long, auricles 0.3–0.5 mm long, reﬂexed; wings oblong to oblong-obovate, 9.5–10 × 4.5–5.5 mm, apex rounded, claw 2.5–3.5 mm long, auricle 0.5–1 mm long; keel 9.5–10 × 2.5–3 mm, claw 2.5–3.5 mm long, auricle 0.4–0.5 mm long. Stamens 9.5–11.5 mm long, staminal tubes 5.5–9 mm long, free part of ﬁlaments 1.5–2.5 mm long; anthers ovate-oblong, 0.4–0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm. Pistils 10.5–13 mm long; ovary 5–7 × 0.6–1 mm, glabrous or appressed-hairy; styles 5.5–8 mm long, glabrous or appressed-hairy. Pods obliquely elliptic to oblong, 10–14 × 3–7 mm, greenish-red to brownish-red, apex rounded and mucronate, glabrous or appressedhairy; fruiting stalks 5–11 mm long. Seeds reniform or obliquely elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.7–1.2 mm, reddish-brown. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Ban Sa Ngin Nhua, 27 Nov. 2014, Pongamornkul 4453 (QBG), ibid., 27 Jan. 2016, Pongamornkul 5639 141 (QBG); Doi Chiang Dao, 12 Nov. 1963, Adisai 648 (BK), ibid., 4 Nov. 1963, Bunchuai 1305 (K, L), ibid., 7 Dec. 1965, Hannipman 3278 (C, L), ibid., 8 Feb. 1983, Koyama et al. T-33268 (BKF), ibid., 11 Nov. 1995, Maxwell 95-1174 (BKF, CMUB, L), ibid., 30 Jan. 1996, Maxwell 96-136 (BKF, CMUB), ibid., 27 Sept. 1971, Murata et al. T-15201 (BKF, P), ibid., 28 Nov. 2005, Norsaengsri 276 (QBG), ibid., 23 Oct. 1992, Pooma 690 (BKF, CMUB), ibid., 11 Nov. 2016, Satthaphorn 76 6 (PSU), ibid., 12 Nov. 2016, Satthaphorn 777 (PSU), ibid., 27 Oct. 2017, Satthaphorn 82 (PSU), ibid., 28 Oct. 2017, Satthaphorn 83 (PSU), ibid., 15 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 90 (PSU); ibid., 18 Dec. 2003, Sawai 492 (KKU), ibid., 19 Dec. 2003, Sawai 481 (KKU), ibid., 27 Oct. 1979, Shimizu et al. T-210377 (BKF), ibid., 27 Oct. 1979, Shimizu et al. T-21090 (BKF), ibid., Dec. 1959, Smitinand & Abbe 6244 (K), ibid., 3 Dec. 1961, Smitinand & Anderson 7347 (BK, K), ibid., 10 Nov. 1962, Smitinand 7762 (BKF), ibid., 21 Nov. 1999, Suksathan 2170 (QBG), ibid., 9 Nov. 1997, Triboun 649 (BK); Doi Nom, 2 Nov. 1963, Phusomeseang 47 (K, L); Hui Nam Dang National Park, 17 Jan. 2002, Chayamarit et al. 3131 (BKF)]; Uttaradit [Phu Soi Dao National Park, 8 Feb. 2010, Norsaengsri 6484 (QBG)]. Distribution.— Myanmar, China. Ecology.— On exposed rugged limestone, lower montane pine oak forest, alt. 1300–2100 m. Flowering: September to November. Fruiting: October to February. Vernacular.— Thua khao dok khram (ถั่วเขา ดอกคราม). Note.— Campylotropis capillipes is similar to C. bonii in having appressed hairs on the peduncle and purple corolla, but the former species is easily separated by having dense appressed hairs (vs. sparsely appressed hairs) on the peduncle and the absence of white and yellow blotches on the standard petal. The subspecies is diﬀerent from the typical subspecies by the leaﬂets being glabrous on the upper surface (vs. appressed hairs). 3. Campylotropis decora (Kurz) Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 428. 1912; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 77(4): 213. 2002; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 83(1): 44. 2008; P.Huang et al. in Y.Z.Wu et al., Fl. China 10: 295. 2010. 142 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 — Lespedeza decora Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 231. 1873; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 381. 1877; Collett & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 45. 1890; Prain in King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 377. 1897; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1(3): 433. 1928. Type: Myanmar (Burma), Martaban, Kurz 1665 (holotype CAL 0000012094!). — Lespedeza sericophylla Collett & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 45. 1890; Prain in King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 374. 1897.— Campylotropis sericophylla (Collett & Hemsl.) Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 428. 1912. Type: Myanmar (Burma), Shan hills, Toungyi, Collett 13 (holotype K K000894914!). — Campylotropis sessilifolia Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 427. 1912. Type: Myanmar (Burma), South Shan hills, Toungyi, Robertson 54 (holotype K K000894917!). — Lespedeza henryi sensu Gagnep. in Lecomte & Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine 2: 520. 1920; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1(3): 433. 1928, non Schindl. 1912.— Campylotropis henryi sensu Thuan in Thuan et al., Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Vietnam 23: 144. 1987, non Schindler, 1912. Fig. 1E.–F. Shrub, 0.8–2 m tall. Stems erect, multi-angular, greenish-brownn to blackish-brown, densely appressedhairy. Leaves: petioles 0.2–3.5 cm long, sulcate with adaxial wings, appressed-hairy, angled; rachis 1–13 mm long; stipules triangular, 4–7 × 0.5–1.2 mm, outside appressed-hairy, persistent; leaﬂet obovate or obovate-oblong, subcoriaceous; terminal leaﬂets 0.6–6.2 × 0.4–3 cm, lateral leaﬂets 0.5–5.7 × 0.4–3 cm, apex emarginate, rounded or truncate and mucronate, base rounded or slightly cordate, margins entire; upper surface green, glabrous; lower surface, light green, densely appressed-hairy; lateral veins 7–12 pairs; petiolules 1–3 mm long, densely appressedhairy. Inflorescences axillary raceme or terminal panicle, 2–10 cm long, densely ﬂowered; peduncle 0.2–3 cm long, patent-hairy and densely glandularhairy; bract triangular 1–4.5 × 0.5–1.2 mm, patenthairy; bracteoles narrowly triangular, 1–3 × 0.1–0.5 mm, patent-hairy; pedicels 3–11 mm long, patent-hairy and densely glandular-hairy. Calyx reddish-brown, patent-hairy and glandular-hairy; tube 2.5–3.5 mm long; dorsal lobe ovate-triangular, 4–4.8 × 2–3.5 mm, biﬁd or not; lateral lobes ovatetriangular, 4–5 × 2–2.2 mm long, overlapping other lobes; lowest lobe triangular, 3.5–5 × 1.5–1.8 mm. Corolla light purple; standard obovate, 9.2–14 × 8–10 mm, apex acute or obtuse, claw 1–2 mm long, auricle 0.1–0.3 mm long; wings oblong, 9–12 × 4–5 mm long, claw 2.4–3 mm long, auricle 0.4–1 mm long, apex rounded; keel boat-shaped, 9–13 × 3–3.8 mm, apex acute, claw 2.4–3.8 mm long, auricle 0.3–0.7 mm long. Stamens 10–16 mm long, staminal tubes 7.5–12 mm long, free partt of ﬁlaments 1.5–4 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.6 × 0.2–0.3 mm. Pistils 11–17 mm long, ovary 2.6–3.5 × 0.7–1 mm long, patent-hairy; style 7.4–14 mm long, glabrous. Pods obliquely ovate, 5–10 × 4–5 mm, dark brown, apex acuminate, densely patent-hairy and glandular-hairy; fruiting stalks up to 14 mm long. Seeds reniform, 1.5–4.6 × 1–3 mm, blackish-brown. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son [Doi Pha Daeng, 26 Dec. 2012, Norsaengsri 10025 (QBG); Huai San, 5 Feb. 2014, Norsaengsri 10815 (QBG)]; Chiang Mai [Doi Chiang Dao, 26 Mar. 1991, Banziger 918 (CMU, L), ibid., 29 Feb. 1940, Garret 1158 (E, K, L, P), ibid., 28 Nov. 1913, Kerr 2862 (K), ibid., 3 Mar. 1979, Koyama et al. s.n. (BKF), ibid., 28 Jan. 1996, Maxwell 96-116 (BKF, CMUB, L), ibid., 21 Dec. 1931, Put 4484 (E, K), ibid., 14 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 89 (PSU), ibid., 15 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 91 (PSU), ibid., 27 Oct. 1979, Shimizu et al. T-21090 (BKF), ibid., 17 Feb. 1958, Smitinand 4252 (L), ibid., 6 Dec. 1959, Smitinand 6243 (BKF), ibid., 16 Feb. 1958, Sørensen et al. 1243 (C)]; Chiang Rai [Doi Tung, 2 April 2011, Bult 1161 (BKF, CMUB), ibid., 21 Apr. 2008, Maxwell 08-95 (CMUB, QBG, L), ibid., 14 Feb. 2012, Norsaengsri & Tathana 8966 (QBG), ibid., 28 Mar. 2012, Norsaengsri & Tathana 9268 (QBG), ibid., 17 Feb. 1992, Pooma 649 (BKF, CMUB); Mae Sai, 16 Feb. 1993, Banziger 1079 (CMUB, L)]; Tak [Doi Hua Mot, 22 Dec. 1993, Herb. trip. 778 (BCU), ibid., 14 Dec. 2003, Mattapha 508 (KKU), ibid., 14 Jan. 2004, Mattapha 573 (KKU), ibid., 11 Feb. 1987, Paisooksantivatana y2049-87 (BK), ibid., 23 Jan. 2017, Satthaphorn 78 (PSU); Kaeng Soi, 20 Nov. 1920, Kerr 4635 (BK, K)]. Distribution.— Myanmar, China, Laos. Ecology.— In open, or on partly shaded rugged limestone, or deciduous forest, alt. 800–2250 m. Flowering: December to March. Fruiting: January to April. THE GENUS CAMPYLOTROPIS (LEGUMINOSAE) IN THAILAND (J. SATTHAPHORN, P. ROONGSATTHAM, P. CHANTARANOTHAI & C. LEERATIWONG) Vernacular.— Thua khao hin pun (ถั่วเขาหินปูน) Note.— Campylotropis decora is distinguished by having densely patent hairs mixed with glandular hairs throughout the peduncle, and ovate-triangular overlapping calyx lobes which are distinctly longer than the calyx tube. From ﬁeld observations, specimens at Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai province, had thicker leaﬂets than other collections. 4. Campylotropis harmsii Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 342. 1912; P.Y.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 28. 1987; P.Y.Fu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 41: 97. 1995; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 77(5): 255. 2002; X.F.Gao, in Inst. Bot. Kunming. Acad. Sin., Fl. Yunnan. 10: 556. 2006; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 83(1): 44. 2008; P.Huang et al. in Z.Y.Wu et al., Fl. China 10: 296. 2010.— Lespedeza harmsii (Schindl.) H.Lév., Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan: 158. 1916; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1(3): 433. 1928. Type: China, Yunnan, Szemao, Henry 9803D (lectotype K K000894861! designated by Iokawa & Ohashi (2008); isolectotype E E00025802!). Fig. 1G–H. Shrub, 0.5–4 m tall. Stems terete, shortly zigzag lateral branches, blackish-brown, patent-hairy. Leaves: petioles 4–14 mm long, densely appressedhairy; rachis 1–9 mm long; stipules ovate-triangular, 4–7 × 1–2 mm, outside appressed-hairy; leaflets transversely elliptic, chartaceous; terminal leaﬂets 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–2 cm, lateral leaflets 0.6–2.8 × 0.4–1.5 cm, apex acute and mucronate, base cuneate, margins entire; upper surface dark green, pilose; lower surface light green, densely pilose, midrib and lateral vein 5–8 pairs; petiolules 1.2–1.7 mm long, densely appressed-hairy. Inflorescences axillary raceme, 2–8 cm long, laxly flowered; peduncles 3–9 mm long, densely patent-hairy and sparsely glandularhairy; bracts ovate triangular, 1–2.2 × 0.3–1 mm, patent-hairy; bracteoles ovate-triangular, 1–1.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm, appressed-hairy; pedicels 4–13 mm long, densely patent-hairy. Calyx reddish-brown, densely patent-hairy; tube 2–3 mm long; dorsal lobe triangular, 3–3.5 × 3–4 mm; lateral lobes triangular, 4–4.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm; lowest lobe narrow triangular, 4.5–5 × 1–1.2 mm. Corolla pinkish-purple to white; standard elliptic-oblong, 10–11 × 7–7.5 mm, apex acute, claw 1.2–2 mm long, auricle 0.2–0.3 mm long, inﬂexed; wings oblong, 10–11 × 5–5.5 mm, apex rounded, slightly upward, claw 2–2.5 mm long, 143 auricle 0.5–1 mm long; keel 9–10 × 2.8–3 mm, claw 2.5–3.5 mm long, auricle 0.3–0.5 mm long. Stamens 9.5–13 mm long, staminal tubes 7–11 mm long, free part of filaments 2–3 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.2–0.5 × 0.1–0.3 mm. Pistils 11–14 mm long; ovary 3–3.5 × 0.8–1 mm, densely pilose; styles 7–10 mm long, pilose. Pods ovate-oblong, 8–20 × 2.3–6 mm, brown, densely pilose, apex acuminate; fruiting stalks 7–13 mm. Seeds reniform, 4.5–8 × 3–3.5 mm, brown. Thailand.— NORTHERN : Chiang Mai [Doi Chiang Dao, 4 Dec. 2012, Chamchumroon et al. V.C. 1685 (BKF), ibid., 7 Jan. 1975, Geesink et al. 8137 7 (BKF, C, K, L, P), ibid., 6 Nov. 1922, Kerr 6592 (BK, K), ibid., 1 Dec. 1984, Koyama et al. T-39775, ibid., 28 Nov. 2005, Norsaengsri 274 (QBG), ibid., 30 Nov. 2005, Norsaengsri 277 (QBG), ibid., 19 Dec. 2014, Saisorn 3477 (KKU), ibid., 14 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 88 (PSU), ibid., 30 Nov. 2005, Sawai 985 (KKU)]; Nan [Doi Phu Kha, 27 Feb. 1921, Kerr 4960 (BK, K)]. Distribution.— China. Ecology.— In open, limestone ridge, evergreen forest, alt. 1200–2250 m. Flowering: December to January. Fruiting: December to January. Vernacular.— Thua khao bai khon (ถัว่ เขาใบขน). Note.— Campylotropis harmsii is different from other Thai Campylotropis species by having shortly zigzag lateral branches and pilose hairs on both leaf surfaces. 5. Campylotropis parviﬂora (Kurz) Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 342. 1912; C.Y.Wu et al., Index Fl. Yunnan. 1: 575. 1984; P.Y.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 50. 1987; Thuan in Thuan et al., Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Vietnam 23: 146. 1987; P.Y.Fu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 41: 123. 1995; X.F.Gao, in Inst. Bot. Kunming. Acad. Sin., Fl. Yunnan. 10: 558. 2006.— Lespedeza parviflora Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 231. 1873; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 380. 1877; Collett & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot.28: 45. 1891; Prain in King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 377. 1897; H.Lév., Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan: 158. 1916; Gagnep. in Lecomte & Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine 2: 522. 1920; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1(3): 433. 1928.— Campylotropis cytisoides Miq. f. parviflora (Kurz) Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. 144 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Figure 1. A–B: Campylotropis bonii Schindl.; C–D: C. capillipes (Franch.) Schindl. subsp. prainii (Collett & Hemsl.) Iokawa & Ohashi; E–F: C. decora (Kurz) Schindl.; G–H: C. harmsii Schindl. THE GENUS CAMPYLOTROPIS (LEGUMINOSAE) IN THAILAND (J. SATTHAPHORN, P. ROONGSATTHAM, P. CHANTARANOTHAI & C. LEERATIWONG) Jap. Bot. 77(4): 212. 2002; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 83(1): 44. 2008, syn. nov. Type: Myanmar (Burma), Martaban, Mason 34 (holotype CAL 0000012096!). Fig. 2A–B. Shrub, 0.3–2 m tall. Stems erect, multi-angular, brown to dark brown, appressed-hairy. Leaves: petioles 0.4–5.5 cm long, sparsely appressed-hairy; rachis 1–10 mm long; stipules triangular-linear, 5–10 × 0.5–1 mm, outside appressed-hairy; leaﬂets narrowly ovate to elliptic, subcoriaceous; terminal leaﬂets 1.3–5 × 0.5–1.6 cm, lateral leaﬂets 0.9–3.8 × 0.3–1.6 cm, apex acute or rounded and mucronate, base rounded or cuneate, margins entire; upper surface dark green, glabrous or slightly appressedhairy mainly on midrib; lower surface pale green to grey, shortly appressed-hairy; lateral veins 7–12 pairs; petiolules 1.5–2 mm long, densely appressedhairy. Inflorescences axillary raceme or terminal panicle, 8.5–11 cm long, densely ﬂowered; peduncles 5.2–6 cm long, densely patent-hairy and sparsely glandular-hairy; bracts triangular, 1–1.2 × 0.2–0.3 mm, appressed-hairy, reddish-brown, usually caducous; bracteoles setaceous, 0.5–1 mm long, densely appressed-hairy; pedicels 1.5–4 mm long, appressed-hairy and sparsely glandular-hairy. Calyx green, densely appressed-hairy; tube 1–2 mm long; dorsal lobe narrowly triangular to setaceous, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.6 mm, with or without 2 teeth; lateral lobes narrowly triangularr to setaceous 1.5–1.8 × 0.3–0.4 mm; lowest lobe narrowly triangular to setaceous, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.6 mm. Corolla pinkish-white to creamy-white with green blotches on both surface of standard; standard elliptic-oblong, 5.5–6 × 2.5–3 mm, apex acute, claw 1–1.2 mm long, auricle absent; wings oblong, 5–6 × 2–2.2 mm, apex rounded, slightly upward, claw 1.4–1.5 mm, auricle 0.5–0.6 mm long; keel 5.5–6 × 1.4–1.5 mm, claw 1–1.2 mm long, auricle 0.3–0.5 mm long. Stamens 6–7 mm long, staminal tubes 4.5–5 mm long, free part of ﬁlaments 2–3 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.4–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm. Pistils 6–7 mm long; ovary 2–3 × 0.5–0.7 mm, densely appressed-hairy; styles 4–5 mm long, appressed-hairy at base. Pods obliquely obovate, 6.5–9 × 4–5 mm, dark brown, arranging mainly one side of rachis, apex acuminate, patent-hairy; fruiting stalks 3–5 mm. Seeds reniform, 2–4.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, brown. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son [Ban Huai Hi, 1 May 2014, Norsaengsri 11116 (QBG); Doi Pui, 16 Dec. 2007, Tanaka et al. HN8480 145 (QBG); Kiew Lom, 12 Dec. 2007, Tanaka et al. HN81966 (QBG); Mae Sariang, 8 July 1968, Larsen et al. 2237 (K); Mountain pass between Pai and Pang Mapha along road no. 1095, 13 Dec. 1998, Konta et al. 4470 (BKF); Muang Sroi Waterfall, 17 Jan. 1983, Koyama et al. T-32675 (QBG), ibid., 8 Feb. 2013, Norsaengsri 10245 (QBG)]; Chiang Mai [12 Nov. 1911, Kerr 1587B (E, P); Ban Au Tam, 21 Jan. 2015, Pongkamornkul 4552 (QBG); Ban Gong Por Nue, 26 Jan. 2016, Pongkamornkul 5590 (QBG), 27 Jan. 2016, Pongkamornkul 5649 (QBG); Ban Huay Bon, 13 Jan. 1988, Paisooksantivatana et al. y 2217-88 (BK); Ban Mae Sa Ngin, 17 Nov. 2015, Pongkamornkul 5155 (QBG); Ban Pak Tang Muzer, 28 Mar. 2015, Pongkamornkul 4628 (QBG); Ban Pong Khrai, 9 Feb. 2006, Glamwaewwong 2253 (QBG); Doi Ang Khang, 30 Jan. 1999, Larsen & Larsen KL47264 (AAU); Doi Chiang Dao, 20 Nov. 1990, Banziger 768 (CMU), ibid., 27 Feb. 2003, Chamchumroon & Sup V.C.1944 (BKF), ibid., 19 Jan. 1991, Maxwell 91-80 (CMU, L), ibid., 27 Jan. 1996, Maxwell 96-111 (BKF, CMUB), ibid., 29 Dec. 1955, Pleunchit 1046 (BKF), ibid., 19 Dec. 1931, Put 4398 (BCU, K), ibid., 14 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 86 (PSU), ibid., 15 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 92 (PSU); Doi Inthanon National Park, 11 Jan. 1994, Fukuoka & Koyama T-62083 (BKF), ibid., 3 Jan. 1975, Geesink et al. 8049 (K, L), ibid., 6 Feb. 1998, Konta & Phengklai 4033 (BKF), ibid., 17 Dec. 1998, Konta et al. 4651 (BKF), ibid., 3 Jan. 1975, Koyama et al. T-39663 (BKF), ibid., Nov. 1968, Phengklai & Smitinand 6047 (BKF), ibid., 26 July 1988, Phengklai et al. 6981 (BKF), ibid., 17 Dec. 1965, Takawa et al. T2463 (BKF, P), ibid., 15 Apr. 1970, Worawoat 93 (BKF); Doi Pha Hom Pok, 25 Feb. 1958, Sørensen et al. 1630 (C); Doi Pui, 8 Jan. 1969, Nooteboom 636 (BKF, K, L), ibid., 11 Jan. 1979, Paisooksantiwatana 94-79 (BK, CMUB), ibid., 2 Mar. 1974, Sadakorn 314 (BK), ibid., 13 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 85 (PSU); Doi Sutep, 5 Mar. 1966, Chermsirivathana 457 7 (BK), ibid., 10 Feb. 1926, Collins 1223 (BK, K, US), ibid., 1 Jan. 1905, Hosseus 202 (C, E, K, L, P), ibid., 25 Jan. 1910, Kerr 951 (K, L, P), ibid., 12 Nov. 1911, Kerr 1507 (K), ibid., 22 Dec. 1920, Kerr s.n. (BK, P), ibid., 26 Dec. 1987, Maxwell 87-1643 (CMU, L), ibid., 10 Mar. 1988, Maxwell 88-321 (BKF, CMU, L), ibid., 10 Jan. 1969, Nooteboom 710 (L), ibid., Schultze & Pattanavibul 053/037-05 (WAG), ibid., 146 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 5 Mar. 1966, Sukku 70 (BKF), ibid., 8 Feb. 1958, Sørensen et al. 876 (C, E), ibid., 15 Apr. 1958, Sørensen et al. 2762 (C, L), ibid., 16 Apr. 1958, Sørensen et al. 2775 (C), ibid., 19 Jan. 1967, Umpai 349 (BK); Doi Kio Lom, 18 Jan. 2002, Chayamarit et al. 3140 (BKF); Doi Sahng Liang, 16 Dec. 1997, Maxwell 97-1494 (BKF, CMUB); Huay Mae Mae, 24 Jan. 1996, Na Nakorn et al. 5657 (QBG); Khun Wang Highland, 11 Jan. 1986, Paisooksirivathana y1746-86 6 (BK); Mae Chaem, 7 Dec. 1998, Maxwell 98-1438 (CMUB, L); Mae Dad Noi, 25 Jan. 2010, Norsaengsri & Intamusik 6345 (QBG); Mae Rim, 19 Dec. 2000, Glamwaewwong 25 (QBG), ibid., 18 Dec. 2001, Glamwaewwong 121 (QBG), ibid., 8 Jan. 1983, Koyama et al. T-32097 (BKF), ibid., 9 Jan. 1990, Maxwell 90-47 (CMU, E), ibid., 18 Jan. 1994, Na Nakorn et al. 406 (QBG), ibid., 21 Dec. 1995, Na Nakorn et al. 5511 (QBG), ibid., 20 Jan. 1996, Na Nakorn et al. 5559 (QBG), ibid., Jan. 1992, Phengklai et al. 9007 7 (BKF), ibid., 21 Dec. 1978, Pradit & Munpanid 539 (AAU), ibid., 22 Mar. 2017, Satthaphorn 79 (PSU); ibid., 26 Nov. 1951, Smitinand 150 0 (BKF, P), ibid., 1 Jan. 1998, Srisanga & Puﬀ 6 (QBG), ibid., 19 Jan. 2015, Sudjit et al. 3 (QBG); Mae Sae, 27 Jan. 1977, S.N. (BKF); Mae Sanam, 26 Dec. 1978, Niyomdham et al. 143 (BKF, K, L); Mae Soi Valley, 4 Jan. 1991, Maxwell 91-22 (CMU, L); Mae Taeng, 3 Dec. 1977, Santisuk 1448 (C, K); Mae Taman Reforest Unit, 28 Nov. 1984, Koyama et al. T-39663 (BKF); Mae Wang, 18 Dec. 1998, Konta et al. 4715 (BKF), ibid., 20 Feb. 2004, Maxwell 04-91 (CMUB, L); Mae Ya Mae Kang, 29 Dec. 1913, Garret 103 (BK, C, E, K, L, P); Mai Muang Nao Arboretum, 25 Dec. 2001,Sankamethawee 384 (BKF, CMUB, L); Om Koi, 30 Nov. 2013, Pongkamornkul 3791 (QBG), ibid., 12 Jan. 1988, Santisuk 6664 (BKF); Pake Same Village, 28 Dec. 2000, Pongkamornkul 587 (QBG); Pha Dok Siao Waterfall, 25 Dec. 2015, Pisuttimarn 413-1 (KKU)]; Chiang Rai [Doi Luang National Park, 28 Oct. 1997, Maxwell 97-1252 (CMUB, L); Khun Jae National Park, 1 Jan. 1998, Maxwell 98-12 (BKF, CMUB, L); Khun Korn Waterfall, 12 Jan. 1997, KK 26 (BCU); Mae Fah Luang, 1 Feb. 2006, Maxwell 06-95 (CMUB, L); Mae Tameo Village, 2 Mar. 1989, Bragg 63 (CMU)]; Lamphun [Doi Khun Tan National Park, 27 Dec. 1993, Maxwell 93-1564 (CMUB, L)]; Lampang [Jae Sawn National Park, 3 Dec. 1995, Maxwell 95-1256 ((BKF, CMUB, L)]; Tak [Mae Ra Mard, 24 Dec. 2002, Niyomdham & Puudjaa 7062 (BKF); Thung Yai Naresuan East Wildlife Sanctuary, 22 Dec. 2011, Watthana & La-ongsri 4095 (BKF)]; NORTH-EASTERN : Phetchabun [Nam Nao National Park, 25 Dec. 1982, Koyama et al. T-31666 (BKF), ibid., Sawai 446 (KKU)]; Loei [Na Haew, Nhu Tong Kao, 25 Apr. 1994, BGO staﬀ s.n. (QBG); Phu Kradueng, 21 Mar. 1958, Sørensen et al. 2383 (C, BKF); Phu Suan Sai, 10 Dec. 1996, BGO Staff 74 (QBG); Phu Ruea National Park, 5 Dec. 2004, Sawai & Rob 832 (KKU)]; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum [Between Nam Phrom and Thunkamang, 13 Dec. 1971, Beusekom et al. 4208 (BKF, C, K, L, P); Khonsan, Dec. 1994, Wangwasit 64 (BK), ibid., Dec. 1994, Wangwasit 65 (BK); Phu Khiao, 8 Nov. 1984, Murata et al. T-50138 (BKF)]; SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi [Ban Pilok, 19 Feb. 1967, Chermsirivathana 640 (BK), ibid., 10 Dec. 1969, Chermsirivathana 1687 (BK); Huai Ban Kau, 11 Nov. 1971, Beusekom et al. 3670 (BKF, K, L)]. Distribution.— Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— In open, partly shaded areas on limestone mountains and dry evergreen forest, alt. 600–1800 m. Flowering: November to March. Fruiting: November to March. Vernacular.— Lueat nai (เลือดใน), hing men (หิง่ เมน). Note.— According to Iokawa & Ohashi (2002), Campylotropis cytisoides f. parviflora was established as distinct from the typical form, C. cytisoides f. cytisoides, by using the density of glandular hairs, the length and the texture of leaﬂets and the length of inﬂorescences. From specimen investigation of both forms, we have found additional characters to distinguish between the two forms. Campylotropis cytisoides f. parviflora also diﬀers from the typical form by having a pinkish-white to creamy-white corolla (vs. purplish-blue), the 1–2 mm long calyx tube (vs. 2–3 mm), the 5.5–6 mm long standard (vs. 7.5–9 mm) and being sparsely short appressed-hairy on the lower surface of leaﬂets (vs. densely long appressed-hairy). Therefore, we here reinstate this taxon to species level, C. parviflora. 6. Campylotropis pinetorum (Kurz) Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 429. 1912; Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 285. 1924; Thuan in Thuan et al., Fl. Cambodge, THE GENUS CAMPYLOTROPIS (LEGUMINOSAE) IN THAILAND (J. SATTHAPHORN, P. ROONGSATTHAM, P. CHANTARANOTHAI & C. LEERATIWONG) Laos & Vietnam 23: 147. 1987; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 77(5): 277. 2002; X.F.Gao, in Inst. Bot. Kunming. Acad. Sin., Fl. Yunnan. 10: 555. 2006; P.Huang et al. in Z.Y.Wu et al., Fl. China 10: 298. 2010.— Lespedeza pinetorum Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 230. 1873; Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma 1: 381. 1877; Prain in King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 375. 1897; Gagnep. in Lecomte & Gagnep., Fl. IndoChine 2: 524. 1920; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1(3): 433. 1928. Type: Myanmar (Burma), Martaban, Kurz 16377 (holotype CAL 0000012101!). Fig. 2C–D. Shrub, 0.4–1.5 m tall. Stems erect, multi-angular, brown, densely yellowish-velutinous. Leaves: petioles 1.8–2.8 cm long, velutinous; rachis 3–6 mm long or indistinct; stipules triangular, 7–9 × 2.5–4 mm, RXWVLGHYHOXWLQRXVSHUVLVWHQWOHDÀHWVQDUURZO\HOOLSWLF VXEFRULDFHRXVWHUPLQDOOHDÀHWV±î±FP ODWHUDOOHDÀHWV±î±FPDSH[DFXWH base cuneate, margins entire; upper surface light green, ¿QHO\DSSUHVVHGKDLU\HVSHFLDOO\RQYHLQVORZHU surface pale green, densely ascending velutinous, PDWXUHOHDÀHWVZLWKVFDWWHUHGEODFNVSRWVODWHUDO veins 7–12 pairs; petiolules 1.5–2 mm long, velutinous. ,QÀRUHVFHQFHVD[LOODU\UDFHPH±FPORQJGHQVHO\ ÀRZHUHGSHGXQFOHV±FPORQJYHOXWLQRXV and sparsely glandular-hairy; bracts triangular, 5–8 × 2–3 mm, patent-hairy; bracteoles setaceous, ca 1 mm long, patent-hairy, early caducous; pedicels 1.5–2 mm long, patent-hairy. Calyx reddish-brown, patenthairy; tube 2–2.5 mm long; dorsal lobes triangular, 2.5–3 × 1.8–2 mm, with or without 2 long teeth, lateral lobes triangular, 2.5–3 × 1–1.1 mm, lowest lobe narrowly triangular, 2.8–3 × 0.7–1 mm. Corolla pinkish-white to creamy-white; standard obovateREORQJ±î±PPDSH[URXQGHGFODZ 1.5–2 mm long, auricle absent; wings spathulate, ±î±PPDSH[URXQGHGFODZ±PP long, auricle 0.8–1 mm long; keel 6–6.5 × 2.5–3 mm, claw 2.8–3 mm long, auricle 0.3–0.5 mm long. Stamens 8–8.5 mm long, staminal tubes 4–6 mm ORQJIUHHSDUWRI¿ODPHQWV±PPORQJDQWKHUV oblong, 0.3–0.4 × 0.1–0.2 mm. Pistils 8.5–9 mm long; ovary 1.5–2 × 0.7–0.8 mm, densely patenthairy; styles 6.5–7 mm long, densely patent-hairy. PodsREOLTXHO\RYDWH±î±PPEURZQDSH[ rounded and mucronate, densely patent-hairy; fruiting stalks 2–3 mm long. Seeds oblong or reniform, swollen, 2.6–2.8 × 1.3–1.5 mm, reddish-brown. 147 Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Doi Ang Khang, 2 Feb. 2007, Srisanga et al. 2956 (CMUB, QBG); Doi Inthanon National Park, 14 Feb. 2001, Chayamarit et al. 2397 7 (BKF), ibid., 12 Feb. 1998, Konta et al. 4245 (BKF), ibid., 18 Feb. 1998, Konta et al. 4371 (BKF), ibid., 20 Dec. 1998, Konta et al. 4915 (BKF), ibid., 31 Dec. 1989, Maxwell 89-1614 (CMU, L), ibid., 18 Feb. 1998, Niyomdham 5322 (BKF), ibid., 11 Feb. 1998, Phengklai et al. 11002 (BKF), ibid., 16 Mar. 2004, Pornpongrungrueng 459 (KKU), ibid., 13 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 84 (PSU), ibid., 7 Jan. 1998, Srisanga et al. 94 (AAU, BKF, QBG); Doi Mon Chong, 1 Jan. 1997, %*26WDৼ (QBG); Doi Pui, Mar. 1997, &KD\DPDULW 3KDWKDQDFKDURHQ (BKF), ibid., Mar. 1997, &KD\DPDULW 3KDWKDQDFKDURHQ 669 (BKF), ibid., 8 Feb. 1979, Pradit 681 (C), ibid., 24 Feb. 1975, Sadakorn 513 (BK), ibid., 5 Feb. 2015, Srisanga et al. 3870 (QBG); Doi Sutep, &RFNHUHOO s.n. (US), ibid., 8 Jan. 1911, Kerr 1645 (BK, C, K, L, P), ibid., 23 Jan. 1988, Maxwell 88-677 (AAU, BKF, CMU, L), ibid., 10 Jan. 1969, Nooteboom 711 (BKF, C, K, L), ibid., 9 Feb. 1958, Sørensen et al. 891 (C, BKF), ibid., 8 Jan. 1959, Sørensen et al. 6589 (C, E), ibid., 19 Jan. 1967, Umpai 361 (BK); Kawng Sang, 22 Jan. 1964, Hansen et al. 10877 (C, K, L)]; Chiang Rai [Doi Chang, 17 Feb 1968, Hansen & Smitinand 12620 (AAU, BKF, C, E, K, L, P)]; Phayao [Doi Luang National Park, 10 Feb. 2016, Muangyen 702 (QBG)]; Nan [Khun Sathan National Park, 27 Jan. 2013, Norsaeangsri 10110 (QBG)]; Uttaradit [Phu Miang-Phu Thong Wildlife Sanctuary, 27 Jan. 2011, 5RP.ODR%RWDQLFDO*DUGHQ 0159/2554 (QBG); Phu Soi Dao National Park, 8 Feb. 2010, Norsaeangsri 6482 (QBG)]; Phitsanulok [Phu Soi Dao National Park, 9 Feb. 2000, Suksathan 2313 (QBG)]; Kamphaeng Phet [Mae Wong National Park, 3 Jan. 1999, Bult 207 (BKF, QBG)]; NORTH-EASTERN : Loei [Phu Kradueng National Park, 10 Jan. 1960, Abbe & Smitinand 9427 (BKF), ibid., 10 Feb. 1931, Kerr 20063 (K, L); Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, 27 Nov. 1987, Dee 995 (BKF); Phu Ruea National Park, 16 Jan. 1967, Smitinand 10153 (BKF), ibid., 13 Dec. 1966, Umpai 333 (BK)]. Distribution.— Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— In open, grassy areas, hill evergreen forest, lower montane forest, alt. 1000–2250 m. Flowering: November to March. Fruiting: January to March. 148 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Vernacular.— Thua khao ( ถั่ ว เขา ), thua doi (ถั่วดอย), thua pa (ถั่วปา), ka sam pik (กาสามปก). Note.— Campylotropis pinetorum resembles C. parviflora in having a pinkish-white to creamywhite corolla. However, the former has black spots on the upper leaf surface, velutinous hairs on the lower leaf surface and pods less than or equal to 6 mm long, while the latter has no black spots on the upper leaf surface, appressed hairs on the lower leaf surface and pods more than 6 mm long. 7. Campylotropis sulcata Schindl. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54 (1): 65. 1916; C.Y.Wu et al., Index Fl. Yunnan. 1: 576. 1984; P.Y.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 51. 1987; P.Y.Fu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 41: 126. 1995; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 77(6): 326. 2002; X.F.Gao, in Inst. Bot. Kunming. Acad. Sin., Fl. Yunnan. 10: 554. 2006; Iokawa & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 83(1): 54. 2008; P.Huang et al. in Z.Y.Wu et al., Fl. China 10: 300. 2010.— Lespedeza sulcata (Schindl.) Craib. Fl. Siam. 1(3): 434. 1928. Type: China, Yunnan, Bon s.n. (holotype P P03089818!). — Campylotropis rockii Schindl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 270. 1926; C.Y.Wu et al., Index Fl. Yunnan. 1: 576. 1984; P.Y.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 29. 1987; P.Y.Fu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 41: 100. 1995; X.F.Gao, in Inst. Bot. Kunming. Acad. Sin., Fl. Yunnan. 10: 553. 2006. Type: China, Yunnan, Simao, Ganlanba as west of Mekong, Salween water divide, upper Kan-lan-chai, Rock 7059 (holotype US, n.v.). — Campylotropis purpurascens Ricker in Rehder et al., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36: 39. 1946. Type: China, Yunnan, Hila, Shunning, Yü 17571 (holotype A, n.v.; isotypes E E00025717!, US 00288564!). Fig. 2E–F. Shrub, 1–2 m tall. Stems erect, multi-angular, dark brown, densely patent-hairy. Leaves: petioles 0.4–2.9 cm long, sulcate, densely sericeous; rachis 1–6 mm long; stipules triangular-linear, 8–10 × 0.6–1 mm, outside appressed-hairy, persistent; leaflets elliptic-oblong or obovate-elliptic, subcoriaceous; terminal leaﬂets 2–6.5 × 0.4–2.8 cm, lateral leaﬂets 1.5–4.5 × 0.3–2.3 cm, apex acute or retuse and mucronate, base cuneate, margins entire; upper surface dark green, appressed-hairy; lower surface light green, densely sericeous, midrib adaxially sunken, 7–12 pairs; petiolules 1–3 mm long, densely sericeous. Inflorescences axillary raceme or terminal panicle, 2.5–16 cm long, densely ﬂowered; peduncles 1.2–2 cm long, densely patent-hairy and sparsely glandular-hairy; bracts triangular, 3.5–4.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm, appressed-hairy, reddish-brown usually caducous before anthesis; bracteoles triangular, 0.5–1 × 0.2–0.3 mm, appressed-hairy; pedicels 1–2 mm long, densely patent-hairy, young ﬂowers subsessile. Calyx reddish-brown, appressed-hairy; tube 1.5–1.8 mm long; dorsal lobe triangular, 2.2–3 × 1.8–2 mm, with or without 2 teeth; lateral lobes triangular, 2–2.2 × 0.8–1 mm, lowest lobe triangular 2.2–3 × 0.7–1 mm. Corolla light to dark purple; standard elliptic, 8.5–11 × 5–6.5 mm, apex acute, claw 0.8–1 mm long, auricle absent; wings oblong, 8–9.5 × 3–4 mm, slightly falcate, apex rounded, claw 1.5–2 mm long, auricle 0.5–1 mm long; keel 9.5–11 × 2.5–3 mm, claw 1.5–2.5 mm long, auricle 0.5–1 mm long. Stamens 8–10 mm long, staminal tubes 6–8 mm long, free part of ﬁlaments 2.5–3 mm long, upward; anthers ovate-oblong, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm. Pistils 8–12 mm long; ovary 2–2.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm, densely patent-hairy; styles 6.5–9.5 mm long, densely patenthairy. Pods obliquely ovate, 4–7 × 2–4 mm, dark brown, apex acuminate, densely short patent-hairy, calyx and style persistent; fruiting stalks 1–5 mm long. Seeds reniform, 1.2–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm, blackishbrown. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son [Doi Laem Rang, 27 Dec. 2012, Norsaengsri 10061 (QBG); Nong Khao Klang (Karen) Village, 29 Oct. 2007, Maxwell 07-680 (QBG)]; Chiang Mai [Doi Chiang Dao, 12 Nov. 2011, Clark 235 (QBG), ibid., 2 Nov. 1922, Kerr 6509 (BK, E, K), ibid., 4 Nov. 1995, Maxwell 95-1067 (BKF, CMUB, L), ibid., 27 Jan. 1996, Maxwell 96-101 (BKF, CMUB, L), ibid., 19 Dec. 2015, Pisuttimarn 410-1 (KKU), ibid., 17 Oct. 1994, Pooma 873 (BKF, CMUB), ibid., 11 Nov 2016, Satthaphorn 75 (PSU), ibid., 14 Jan. 2018, Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 87 7 (PSU), ibid., 17 Dec. 2003, Sawai 508 (KKU), ibid., 11 Dec. 1987, Smitinand s.n. (BKF), ibid., 7 Nov. 1997, Triboun 698 (BK)]; Chiang Rai [Khun Jae National Park, 23 Nov. 1997, Maxwell 97-1416 (BKF, CMUB, L), ibid., 1 Jan. 1998, Maxwell 98-4 (BKF, CMUB, L)]; Phitsanulok [Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, 1 Oct. 1990, Chantaranothai et al. 90/515 (KKU), ibid., 9 Oct. 1987, Sridith 53 (BCU), THE GENUS CAMPYLOTROPIS (LEGUMINOSAE) IN THAILAND (J. SATTHAPHORN, P. ROONGSATTHAM, P. CHANTARANOTHAI & C. LEERATIWONG) ibid., 30 Oct. 1987, Sridith 76 (BCU), ibid., 29 Oct. 2001, Watthana & Suksathan 1543 (AAU, CMUB, QBG)]; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum [Phu Khiao, 8 Nov. 1984, Murata et al. T-41784 (BKF)]. Distribution.— China. Ecology.— In open, rugged limestone, mixed deciduous forest, scrub forest, alt. 850–2000 m. Flowering and fruiting: October to January. Fruiting: October to January. Vernacular.— Thua doi khon yao (ถัว่ ดอยขนยาว). 149 Note.— Campylotropis sulcata is distinct in having a multi-angular stem, patent hairs on the peduncle and light to dark purple petals. The species may resemble C. decora in some aspects, e.g. multiangular stems, obovate-elliptic leaflets and the peduncle with patent hairs, however it diﬀers from the latter in having sericeous hairs on the lower surface of leaflets (vs. appressed hairs), without glandular hairs on the peduncle (vs. with patent hairs mixed with glandular hairs), bracts which are more than 2 mm long (vs. less than or equal to 2 mm long) and standard petal without auricles. Figure 2. A–B: Campylotropis parviflora (Kurz) Schindl.; C–D: C. pinetorum (Kurz) Schindl.; E–F: C. sulcata Schindl. 150 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the curators and staﬀs of the herbaria cited. We would like to thank Prof. Dr Henrik Balslev and Asst Prof. Dr Sahut Chantanaorrapint for their valuable helps. This research was financially supported by Carlsberg Foundation, Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand, Graduate School, Dissertation Funding for Thesis, Prince of Songkla University and Center of Excellence on Biodiversity (BDC-PG3-160013). REFERENCES Bunge, A.A. (1835). Plantarum mongholico-chinensium decas prima. Uchenya zapiski Imperatorskogo Kazanskogo Universiteta. Kazan 4(2): 154–180. Craib, W.G. (1928). Florae Siamensis enumertio. Vol 1. part 3. The Siam Society, Bangkok. Iokawa, Y. & Ohashi, H. (2002). A taxonomic study of Campylotropis (Leguminosae) I. Journal of Japanese Botany 77(4): 179–222. ________. (2008). Campylotropis (Leguminosae) of China, an Enumeration and Distribution. Journal of Japanese Botany 83: 36–59. Huang, P., Ohashi, H. & Iowaka, Y. (2010). Camyplotropis. In: Z.Y. Wu, P.H. Raven & D.Y. Hong (eds), Flora of China 10: 292–302. Lewis, G.P., Schrire, B., Mackinder, B. & Lock, M. (2005). Legumes of the World. The Bath Press, UK, 434 pp. Thiers, B. (2016, continuously updated). Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staﬀ. New York Botanic Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org./ ih/. November 25, 2017. THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(2): 151–154. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.2.06 Chelonopsis thailandica, a new species and new record of Chelonopsis (Lamiaceae) from Thailand ALAN J. PATON1,*, SOMRAN SUDDEE2 & BHANUBONG BONGCHEEWIN3 ABSTRACT Chelonopsis thailandica A.J.Paton, Suddee & Bongch. is described and illustrated here. The new species belongs in Chelonopsis Sect. Aequidens being a small shrub with an equally lobed calyx, lanceolate leaves and eglandular hairs. The new species diﬀers from the other species in the section in having a remotely toothed leaf margin and denser indumentum. This is the ﬁrst species of Chelonopsis to be recorded from Thailand. Only one specimen has been seen and it is possible that the habitat where the collection was made in Chiang Mai Province no longer exists. KEYWORDS: Chiang Mai, endemic, Gomphostemmateae, Mae Rim district, new species. Published online: 1 November 2018 INTRODUCTION The genus Chelonopsis Miq. is mainly found in south-west China and Japan with one species found in Kashmir (Xiang et al., 2008), in addition to the new species from Thailand described here. The genus is placed in the Gomphostemmateae along with Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth. with another genus, Bostrychanthera Benth., having been merged into Chelonopsis (Xiang et al., 2013). Xiang et al. (2008, 2013) divided the genus into two subgenera: subgen. Chelonopsis are herbs and have an unequally lobed calyx, whereas subgen. Aequidens C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li are shrubs with equally lobed calyces. Wu & Li (1965, 1977) and Xiang et al. (2013) further divided subgen. Aequidens into two sections: sect. Microphyllum C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li with ovate leaves and clavate glandular hairs, and sect. Aequidens C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li has lanceolate leaves and lacks clavate glandular hairs, which is similar to the new species described here. In all, Xiang et al. (2013) recognized 14 species, but only two, Chelonopsis souliei (Bonati) Merr. and C. forrestii J.Anthony belong in sect. Aequidens. The accounts of Xiang et al. (2008, 2013) are similar to that of Li & Hedge (1994) in Flora of China, the main diﬀerence relevant to the description of the new species is that C. albiflora Pax & K.Hoﬀm. recognized by Li & Hedge (1994), is placed in synonymy of C. souliei by Xiang et al. (2008). The new species described here was discovered from studying a specimen on two sheets in the herbarium of Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden. The specimen was collected on a road in the Pong Yaeng Subdistrict between Samoeng and Mae Rim Districts in 1996, which was upgraded to a tarmac road in around 2004. Despite several targeted ﬁeld work attempts to ﬁnd more specimens of this plant by the authors and staff of QBG, and searches in major European and Thai herbaria in preparation of the Lamiaceae account for Flora of Thailand by the authors, no further specimen has been found. It is possible that this plant is now extinct due to destruction of its habitat. The specimen is incomplete and only has one open corolla. Despite the lack of fruiting material and limited ﬂowering material, this specimen clearly belongs in Chelonopsis having a dilated 1 Science Directorate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, U.K. 2 Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. * Corresponding author: A.Paton@kew.org © 2018 The Forest Herbarium 152 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 corolla tube with short lobes, campanulate calyces and few-flowered cymes in the axils of leaf-like bracts. It shares the characters of sect. Aequidens by having eglandular hairs and lanceolate leaves, but diﬀers from related Chinese species, C. forrestii and C. souliei as described below. opposed to 1–2.5 m tall. The habitat of C. thailandica is slightly diﬀerent from other species in the section as they are usually found in hot dry river valleys rather than dry dipterocarp woodland. Unfortunately, the type specimen of C. thailandica only has one open ﬂower and it was not possible to dissect this. DESCRIPTION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Chleonopsis thailandica A.J.Paton, Suddee & Bongch. sp. nov. Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Mae Rim to Samoeng, 25 Sept. 1996, Nanakorn et al. 7634 (holotype QBG!-2 sheets). Figs. 1 & 2. Thanks are due to the staﬀ of QBG for assistance during ﬁeld work and herbarium visits. We would like to thank Dr Prachaya Srisanga of QBG for preparing the high-resolution image for Figs. 1 & 2. We would also like to thank the staff of Aarhus University Herbarium and the Carlsberg Foundation for hosting the authors of this paper and ﬁnancial support to the authors to assist with the compilation of the Lamiaceae account for the Flora of Thailand. Shrub to 0.4 m tall. Stems quadrangular, white pubescent with simple hairs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, lanceolate, 40–60 × 10–20 mm, apex obtuse to acute, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin with few remote serrate teeth, upper leaves entire or repand, white pubescent; petioles 5–15 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, lax with 1-flowered pendulous cymes in the axils of leaf-like bracts; pedicels ca 1 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, weakly-2 lipped with posterior lobes slightly longer; lobes narrowly lanceolate. Corolla white, 12–15 mm long; tube dilating from base; posterior lip 1-lobed, very short; anterior lip 3-lobed, 3–4 mm long. Nutlets not seen. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand, only known from the type locality. Ecology.— Open dry deciduous dipterocarp forest. Phenology.— Flowering: September. Conservation status.— Likely to be Critically Endangered or possibly Extinct. Note.— This new species diﬀers from both species of Chelonopsis sect. Aequidens by having a leaf margin with serrations irregular and distant in the lower leaves and repand in upper leaves, rather than regularly serrate, and a whitish densely pubescent indumentum, rather than being pubescent to almost glabrous. The new species further differs from C. souliei by having strictly opposite leaves, rather than in whorls of three, and one- rather than threeflowered cymes. Additional differences from C. forrestiii include having a white rather than yellow corolla, and in being a smaller plant, ca 0.4 m tall as REFERENCES Li, H.W. & Hedge, I.C. (1994). Lamiaceae. In: C.Y. Wu & P.H. Raven (eds), Flora of China 17: 135–139. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Press, St. Louis. Wu, C.Y. & Li, X.W. (1965). Materiae ad floram labiatarum sinensium (1). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 10: 150–154. ________. (1977). Labiatae. In: C.Y. Wu (ed.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinica 65(2). Science Press, Beijing. Xiang, C.L., Liu, E.D. & Peng, H. (2008). A key to the genus Chelonopsis (Lamiaceae) and two new combinations: C. rosea var. siccanea and C. souliei var. cashmerica comb. nov. Nordic Journal of Botany 26(1–2): 31–34. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.0107-055X.2008.00209.x Xiang, C.L., Zhang, Q., Scheen, A.C., Cantino, P.D., Funamoto, T. & Peng, H. (2013). Molecular phylogenetics of Chelonopsis (Lamiaceae: Gomphostemmateae) as inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA and morphology. Taxon 62(2): 375–386. https://doi.org/10.12705/622.11 CHELONOPSIS THAILANDICA, A NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORD OF CHELONOPSIS (LAMIACEAE) FROM THAILAND (A.J. PATON, S. SUDDEE, B. BONGCHEEWIN) Figure 1. Chelonopsis thailandica: Sheet I (from Nannakorn 7634 (QBG)). Photos by P. Srisanga. 153 154 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Figure 2. Chelonopsis thailandica: Sheet II (from Nannakorn 7634 (QBG)). Photos by P. Srisanga. THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(2): 155–161. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.2.07 A revision of the genus Tapeinidium (Lindsaeaceae) in Thailand NUTDANAI PUTTHISAWONG1 & SAHUT CHANTANAORRAPINT1,* ABSTRACT A revision of the genus Tapeinidium (C.Presl) C.Chr. in Thailand is presented based on herbarium specimens and ﬁeld surveys. Two species are recognized, namely Tapeinidium luzonicum (Hook.) K.U.Kramer and T. pinnatum (Cav.) C.Chr. A key to species, descriptions, photographs and conservation assessments are provided. In addition, issues with the previous lectotypiﬁcations of Davallia luzonicum Hook. and D. pinnata Cav. are resolved. KEYWORDS: conservation assessment, Davallia, fern, lectotypiﬁcation, pteridophyte. Published online: 22 December 2018 INTRODUCTION With about 18 currently accepted species, Tapeinidium (C.Presl) C.Chr. is the third largest genus of the family Lindsaeaceae (Lehtonen et al., 2010; PPG I, 2016). Although it is primarily a Malesian genus its members occur from southern India to Samoa and as far north as the Ryukyu Islands of Japan but are absent from northern India, the northern parts of mainland South-East Asia (including northern Thailand), China and Australia (Holttum 1955 [‘1954’]; Kramer, 1967, 1971). The genus was ﬁrst described as a subgenus of Microlepia C.Presl (Presl, 1851 [‘1849’]) and was subsequently raised to the generic rank by Christensen (1906), based on Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cav.) C.Chr. The earliest report of Tapeinidium in Thailand was by Holttum (1955 [‘1954’]) who reported that T. pinnatum “occurs...throughout Malaysia [but] northwards of Malaya it extends only into Lower Siam”. More than a decade later, Tagawa & Iwatsuki (1967) reported Tapeinidium biserratum (Blume) Alderw. from Khao Luang, Nakhon Si Thammarat province but this was quickly redetermined as T. luzonicum (Hook.) K.U.Kramer by Kramer (1968 [‘1967’]). Tagawa & Iwatsuki (1985) subsequently produced an account of Tapeinidium for the Flora of Thailand that recognized two species based on a handful of specimens from only three localities: 1 T. luzonicum from Khao Luang (Nakhon Si Thammarat) and T. pinnatum from Khao Luang (Nakhon Si Thammarat), Ban Mae Lao (Yala) and Ko Chang (Trat). Although the genus concept remains unchanged from that of Tagawa & Iwatsuki (1985), the realization that many more specimens have been collected since the publication of the Flora of Thailand account (now also from Chanthaburi, Krabi, Phatthalung, Phangnga and Trang) prompted us to reassess whether the earlier species concepts also hold. Our study conﬁrmed that there are only two Tapeinidium species in Thailand, T. luzonicum and T. pinnatum. But, more importantly, it resulted in an improved key to these species, more detailed descriptions, conservation assessments and the resolution of some typiﬁcation issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was largely based on fresh specimens from ﬁeld surveys and herbarium specimens housed in BCU, BK, BKF, PSU and QBG. Most morphological and anatomical characters were examined using stereo and light microscopes. Mature spores were also examined with an electron microscope. Ecological and geographical data were compiled from field observations, specimen labels and publications. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. * Corresponding author: sahut.c@psu.ac.th © 2018 The Forest Herbarium 156 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Tapeinidium (C.Presl) C.Chr., Index Filic. 631. 1906; Holttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya ed. 1, 2: 338. 1955 [‘1954’]; Kramer, Blumea 15(2): 545. 1968 [‘1967’]; Kramer in Van Steenis & Holttum (eds), Fl. Males., Ser. 2, Pterid. 1(3): 184. 1971; Tagawa & Iwatsuki in Smitinand & Larsen (eds), Fl. Thailand 3(2): 145. 1985; Kramer in Kramer & Green (eds), Fam. & Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1: 91. 1990; Lethonen et al., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 163: 337. 2010; Shiyong in Zhengyi & Raven, Fl. China. 2−3: 141. 2013.— Microlepia subg. Tapeinidium C.Presl, Epimel. Bot.: 968. 1851 [‘1849’].— Protolindsaya Copel., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 5: 283. 1910. Type species: Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cav.) C.Chr. Plants usually terrestrial, sometimes lithophytic. Rhizome very short to moderately long creeping, solenostelic with an internal scleriﬁed pith, scaly. Scales non-clathrate, basally attached, narrowly triangular, apex long attenuate, margin minutely to coarsely toothed. Fronds monomorphic. Stipes pale to dark brown. Laminae pinnately compound, simply pinnate to tripinnate, coriaceous (or subcoriaceous), bearing sparse hairs on lower surface; hairs transparent, uniseriate, 2–3 cells long. Rachises with U or V shape vascular bundle in cross section. Veins free, pinnately or dichotomously branched, not reaching the margin of the lamina. Sori submarginal, terminal on veins, uninerval or very rarely binerval (exceptionally trinerval, but not in Thai species), paraphyses present, uniseriate, 5–11 cells long. Indusia firm, pouchshaped, attached at the base and at least the greater part of the sides, opening towards the margin of the lamina but not reaching it. Spores bilateral, monolete. A tropical Asian and Paciﬁc genus of ca 18 species distributed from southern India to Samoa and as far north as the Ryukyu Islands of Japan but absent from northern India, the northern parts of mainland SE Asia (including northern Thailand), China and Australia (Holttum 1955 [‘1954’]; Kramer, 1967, 1971); Two species in Thailand, mostly in Peninsular Thailand. K EY TO THE SPECIES OF TAPEINIDIUM M IN THAILAND 1. Lamina simply pinnate; pinnae linear-lanceolate, up to 0.7 cm wide; margins crenate, serrate or bi-serrate; basal pinnae smaller than or as large as middle pinnae 1. T. pinnatum 1. Lamina bipinnatisect to tripinnatiﬁd; pinnae not linear-lanceolate; largest pinnae 1.5–8(–13.5) cm wide; basal pinnae larger than other pinnae 2. T. luzonicum 1. Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cav.) C.Chr., Index Filic.: 631. 1906; Christensen, Bot. Tidsskr. 32: 345. 1916; Holttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya ed. 1, 2: 339, f. 196. 1955 [‘1954’]; Ching, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 8. 1959; Kramer, Blumea 15(2): 553. 1968 [‘1967’]; Kramer in Van Steenis & Holttum (eds), Fl. Males., Ser. 2, Pterid. 1(3): 193. 1971; Kramer, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26: 8. 1972; Tagawa & Iwatsuki in Smitinand & Larsen (eds), Fl. Thailand 3(2): 146. 1985; Boonkerd & Pollawatn, Pterid. Thailand: 96. 2000.— Davallia pinnata Cav., Descr. Pl. (Cavanilles): 277. 1802.— Microlepia pinnata (Cav.) Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India: 64. 1883; Christ, Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 111. 1901.— Type: Philippines [but incorrectly labelled as being from “Chile & the Philippines”], Née s.n. (lectotype MA [MA475617], ﬁrst step designated by Kramer (1968 [‘1967’]), second step designated here; isolectotype MPU [MPU017606] photo seen). For further synonymy see Kramer (1971). Fig. 1. Rhizome short creeping, 2–3.5 mm diam., internodes less than 8 mm long, densely scaly throughout. Scales light brown to brown, narrowly triangular, 2–4 mm long, up to 12 cells wide at base, apex long attenuate ending with 3–8 uniseriate cells, base obtuse, margin minutely toothed. Stipes stramineous or pale brown to dark brown, up to 20 cm long, up to 2.5 mm diam., scaly at base, grooved on adaxial side. Laminae simply pinnate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate in outline, 20–46 × 14–23 cm, coriaceous, terminal part pinnatisect and acute to attenuate. Rachises green or pale brown, 0.5–1.5 mm diam. at base of lamina, grooved on adaxial side, sharply keeled (carinate) on abaxial side. Pinnae up to 27 pairs, consisting (from the base upwards) of 1–3 pairs of lower pinnae and 5–24 pairs of upper pinnae. Lower pinnae slightly stalked (petiolules less than 1 mm long), opposite or sub-opposite, linear-lanceolate, 3–14 × 0.2–0.6 cm, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, margin crenate, serrate or A REVISION OF THE GENUS TAPEINIDIUM (LINDSAEACEAE) IN THAILAND (N. PUTTHISAWONG & S. CHANTANAORRAPINT) bi-serrate; basal pinnae smaller than or as large as other ones. Upper pinnae sessile, alternate, linearlanceolate, 4–15 × 0.3–0.7 cm, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, margin crenate, serrate or bi-serrate; the main pinnae all more-or-less the same size, the upper ones gradually becoming smaller towards the frond apex. Costae distinct, sharply keeled below, slightly grooved above. Veins distinct below, once-forked. Sori submarginal, terminal on 1(–2) veins, 0.5–0.75 × 0.5–1.5 mm; 1–3 in each lobe, paraphyses 7-11 cells long. Indusia brown, pouch-shaped, free margin subentire. Sporangia spheroidal, 0.2–0.25 × 0.15–0.2 mm; annulus with 15–16 cells; sporangial stalk triseriate, 4–5 cells long. Spores light brown, ellipsoid, 35–45 × 20–30 μm, psilate. Thailand.— SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi [Khitchakut district, Khao Khitchakut National Park, Krating waterfall area, 425 m, 10 Jan. 2009, Middleton 4671 (BKF, E [E00727425], P [P02433068])]; Trat [Ko Chang, Khlong Mayom, 100 m, 2 June 1923, Kerr 6503 (BK); 16 Feb. 1955, Smitinand 2164 (BKF); Ko Chang, Lem Dan Kao, 1150 m, 3 Oct. 1924, Kerr 9244 (BK); Ko Chang district, Khlong Phlu Ranger station, 80 m, 6 Jan. 2009, Middleton et al. 4622 (BKF, E [E00736559])]; PENINSULAR: Krabi [Khao Phanom Bencha National Park, Khao Penom, 1000 m, 18 June 2006, Williams et al. 1910 (BKF); Pha Nam Yot, Khao Ngon Nak, Noppharatthara Beach-Phi Phi Islands National Park, 480 m, 12 Nov. 2018, Putthisawong 853 (PSU)]; Nakhon Si Thammarat [Khao Luang area, near Khiri Wong village, 16 May 1968, van Beusekom & Phengkhlai 808 (BKF); Khao Nan National Park, Khao Khom, 10 May 2006, Boonkerd et al. 177 (BCU)]; Phatthalung [Pa Bon district, Khao Sam Phu, 200 m, 29 June 2016, Putthisawong 175 (PSU)]; Phangnga [Klong Hin Poeng to Toong Rha, 700 m, 27 Mar. 2000, Suksathan 2516, 36666 (QBG)]; Yala [Betong district, Ban Malao, 700 m, 25 Aug. 1923, Smith 1913 (BKF); Betong district, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, trial up unnamed ‘1490’ mountain reached from shores of Bang Lang Reservoir, 1050 m, 23 May 2005, Middleton et al. 3581 (BKF, E [E00246597])]. Distribution.— Southern India, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra to Sulawesi), Sabah, Sarawak, Philippines, Taiwan and Japan (Ryukyu Islands). 157 Ecology.— In Thailand, Tapeinidium pinnatum grows on soil or rocks near streams in shady areas in lowland evergreen, dry evergreen, and lower montane forests, 80–1150 m altitude. Kramer (1971) suggests that it is a facultative rheophyte. Proposed IUCN Conservation Assessment.— Least Concern (LC). Tapeinidium pinnatum is the most common and widespread species of Tapeinidium (Kramer, 1968 [‘1967’]) and several of the Thai localities are in protected areas. The original description of Davallia pinnata Cav. (Cavanilles, 1802) was based on specimens collected “in Chile and the Philippines” by the French-born Spanish botanist and explorer, Luis Née, during his 5-year expedition (1789–1794) to nearly all the Spanish possessions in the Americas and Asia. While he is known to have collected large numbers of specimens in both Chile and the Philippines there seems to be some confusion over what was collected where as Davallia pinnata, like all members of the genus Tapeinidium, only occurs naturally in the Old World. Aware that Chile was an incorrect locality, Kramer (1968 [‘1967’]) chose a Née specimen ((Née s.n.) from the Philippines at MA to serve as the “Type” (i.e. lectotype). Kramer cited this “Type” again in his Flora Malesiana revision (Kramer, 1971) but we cannot locate any Née specimen at MA that is solely labelled as being from the Philippines. Instead, there are two specimens of Davallia pinnata collected by Née at MA that, due to the confusion over the collecting locality, are each still labelled as being from “Chile and the Philippines”. Although these labels are misleading it is reasonable to assume that both specimens were collected by Née in the Philippines and, therefore, that either can serve as the lectotype of Davallia pinnata. We have chosen Née s.n. with barcode MA475617 for the second-step lectotypiﬁcation (see Art. 9.17 of the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al., 2017)). 2. Tapeinidium luzonicum (Hook.) K.U.Kramer, Blumea 15(2): 552. 1968 [‘1967’]; Kramer in Van Steenis & Holttum (eds), Fl. Males., Ser. 2, Pterid. 1(3): 191, f. 11. 1971; Kramer, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26: 8. 1972; Tagawa & Iwatsuki in Smitinand & Larsen (eds), Fl. Thailand 3(2): 146, f. 10.5. 1985.— Davallia luzonica Hook., Sp. Fil. 1: 174, t. 60B, f. 2, 3 & 5. 1846.— Type: Philippines, Luzon, Cuming 139, p.p. (lectotype E [E00782194], designated 158 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 here; isolectotypes B?, not seen but reported by Kramer (1971), GH [GH00020954] photo seen (mixed with T. pinnatum), GOET [GOET009148] photo seen, L [L0052135] photo seen). — Tapeinidium biserratum auct. non (Blume) Alderw.: Holttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya ed. 1, 2: 339, f. 197. 1955 [‘1954’]; Tagawa & Iwatsuki, S.E. Asian Studies [Jap. J. S.E. Asian Studies] 5: 75. 1967. For further synonymy see Kramer (1971). Fig. 2 Rhizome moderately long creeping, 3–5 mm diam., internodes up to 12 mm long, densely scaly throughout. Scales light brown to brown, narrowly triangular, 2–5 mm long, 6–15 cells wide at base, apex long attenuate ending with 2–6 uniseriate cells, base obtuse, margin irregularly toothed. Stipe dull brownish yellow or brown to dark brown, up to 40 cm long, up to 2.5 mm diam., scaly at base, grooved on adaxial side. Laminae bipinnatisect to tripinnatiﬁd, deltoid or oblong-ovate in outline, 16.5–40 × 7.5–30 cm, coriaceous, terminal part pinnatisect and acute to attenuate. Rachises dull brownish yellow, 0.5–1.5 mm diam. at base of lamina, grooved on adaxial side, sharply keeled (carinate) on abaxial side. Pinnae up to 24 pairs; consisting (from the base upwards) of 1–3 pairs of lower pinnae, 3–6 pairs of middle pinnae, and up to 15 pairs of upper pinnae. Lower pinnae slightly stalked (petiolules less than 3 mm long), opposite or subopposite, pinnatisect to bipinnatifid (see Fig 2B), lanceolate-deltoid in outline, 4–22 × 1.5–8(–13.5) cm, the basal pinnae the largest; pinnules (if present) subsessile, 1–3 pairs, subopposite to alternate, shallowly lobed to pinnatiﬁd (see Fig 2B), ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate in outline, 0.5–3.7 × 0.2–0.7 cm, apex obtuse to acuminate, base cuneate, basal basiscopic pinnules often the largest. Middle pinnae sessile, alternate, pinnatisect, oblong-lanceolate in outline, 4–14 × 1.2–3 cm. Upper pinnae sessile, alternate, shallowly lobed to pinnatifid, oblong-lanceolate in outline, 0.9–3.8 × 0.4–1.1 cm, base cuneate. Costae distinct, sharply keeled below, ﬂattened or slightly grooved above. Veins in pinnules and ultimate lobes pinnate, veinlets simple or once-forked. Sori submarginal, terminal on 1(–2) veins, 0.25–0.5 × 0.5–1.5 mm, paraphyses 5-7 cells long. Indusia brown, pouchshaped, free margin subentire. Sporangia spheroidal, 0.2–0.25 × 0.15–0.2 mm; annulus with 11–16 cells; sporangial stalk triseriate, 4–5 cells long. Spores light brown, ellipsoid, (30–)35–47.5 × (20–)22.5–32.5 μm, psilate. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat [Khao Nan National Park, Khao Khom, 10 May 2006, Boonkerd et al. 173, 1766 (BCU); Khao Luang, 1100–1768 m, 21 Jan. 1966, Tagawa et al. T4830 (BKF, L); 1400 m, 23 Aug. 1967, Iwatsuki et al. s.n. (BKF); 1100 m, 23 May 1968, van Beusekom & Phengkhlai 941 (BKF); 1400 m, 4 July 2017, Putthisawong 613 (PSU); 1400 m, 1 Jan. 2018, Putthisawong 710 (PSU)]; Phatthalung [Pa Bon district, Khao Sam Phu, near summit, ca 950 m, 1 July 2016, Putthisawong 214 (PSU)]; Kongra district, Khao Lon Nom Sao, 900 m, 27 May 2017, Putthisawong 455 (PSU); 1100 m, 28 May 2017, Putthisawong 467 (PSU)]; Trang [Yan Ta Khao district, Khao Banthat mountains, near summit of Phu Pha Mek, 1200 m, 7 Apr. 2003, Middleton et al. 1993 (A, BKF, E [E00736795], L, MICH)]. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra to Sulawesi), Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and the Philippines. Ecology.— In Thailand, Tapeinidium luzonicum grows on soil on slopes and stream banks in evergreen and lower montane forests, 900–1770 m altitude. Proposed IUCN Conservation Assessment.— Least Concern (LC). This species is not under any immediate threat and several of the Thai localities are in protected areas. The original description of Davallia luzonica Hook. (Hooker, 1846) was based on elements of Cuming 139, a mixed collection of at least three Tapeinidium species and, reputedly, one Athyriaceae species (K000398343, not seen) collected in Luzon, the Philippines. As was common practice at this time Hooker did not designate a holotype nor did he cite any specimen that could serve as the type of Davallia luzonica. Kramer (1968 [‘1967’]) suggested, with some reservation [“Type: Cuming 139 (K K ?; isotypes B, L).”], that Cuming 139 at K could be the “holotype” but for reasons that were not explained he did not cite any K specimen or propose an alternative “holotype” (strictly speaking, a lectotype) in his Flora Malesian revision (Kramer, 1971). We think it’s possible that by 1971 he had concluded, as we have done, that the only specimen of Cuming 139 at K that is Tapeinidium (K000360561) is not T. luzonicum (so is not Davallia luzonica). Kramer’s earlier attempt to lectotypify the name Davallia luzonica Hook. with the only Tapeinidium specimen A REVISION OF THE GENUS TAPEINIDIUM (LINDSAEACEAE) IN THAILAND (N. PUTTHISAWONG & S. CHANTANAORRAPINT) 159 Figure 1. Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cav.) C.Chr.: A–B. plants in natural habitats (A on soil, B on rock); C. section of fertile pinna showing serrate margins and submarginal sori terminal on veins; D–E. SEM micrographs of spores, D. equatorial view, E. close-up of surface showing lack of spore ornamentation. D & E. from Putthisawong 175 (PSU). 160 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Figure 2. Tapeinidium luzonicum (Hook.) K.U.Kramer: A. plant in natural habitat (on soil slope); B. basal pinnae of a tripinnatiﬁd frond (but note that the division of basal pinnae can vary from pinnatisect (resulting in a bipinnatisect frond) to bipinnatiﬁd (resulting in a tripinnatiﬁd frond); C. section of fertile middle pinna showing typical pinnatisect division and submarginal sori terminal on veins; D–E. SEM micrographs of spores, D. equatorial view, E. close-up of surface showing lack of spore ornamentation. B. from Putthisawong 4677 (PSU) and D & E. from Putthisawong 455 (PSU). A REVISION OF THE GENUS TAPEINIDIUM (LINDSAEACEAE) IN THAILAND (N. PUTTHISAWONG & S. CHANTANAORRAPINT) of Cuming 139 at K must be disregarded since that specimen is in serious conﬂict with the protologue (see Art. 9.19 of the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al., 2017)). Since there are no appropriate specimens of Cuming 139 at K we have chosen a specimen at E to serve as the lectotype of Davallia luzonica. This specimenn of Cuming 1399 (E00782194) was previously housed in Glasgow University herbarium where Hooker once worked. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank the curators of BCU, BK, BKF, E, GH, GOET, K, L, MA, MPU, P, PSU, QBG and JSTOR Global Plants for access to specimens and/or specimen images. We also thank S. Lindsay (National Parks Board, Singapore) and an anonymous reviewer for useful suggestions. This work was supported by Prince of Songkla University Research Fund (SCI610429S). The first author would like to express his sincere appreciation to the Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST) for ﬁnancial support. REFERENCES Cavanilles, A.J. (1802). Descripción de las Plantas. Imprenta Real, Madrid. 625 pp. Christensen, C.F.A. (1906). Index Filicum: sive enumeratio omnium generum specierumque ﬁlicum et hydropteridum ab anno 1753 ad ﬁnem anni 1905 descriptorum adjectis synonymis principalibus, area geographica etc. Hafniae [Copenhagen] H. Hagerup. 744 pp. Holttum (1955 [‘1954’]). A revised Flora of Malaya, an illustrated systematic account of the Malayan ﬂora, including commonly cultivated plants. Vol. 2. Ferns of Malaya. Edition 1. Government Printing Oﬃce, Singapore. 643 pp. 161 Hooker, W.J. (1846). Species Filicum 1. W. Pamplin, London. 245 pp. Kramer, K.U. (1968 [‘1967’]). The Lindsaeoid ferns of the Old World II. A revision of Tapeinidium. Blumea 15(2): 545–556. ________. (1971). Lindsaea Group. Flora Malesiana, Series 2, Pteridophyta 1(3): 177–254. Lehtonen, S., Tuomisto, H., Rouhan, G. & Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2010). Phylogenetics and classification of the pantropical fern family Lindsaeaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 305–359. PPG I. (2016). A community-derived classiﬁcation for extant lycopods and ferns. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54: 563–603. Presl, C.B. (1851 [‘1849’]). Epimeliae Botanicae. A. Haase, Prague. 264 pp. Tagawa, M. & Iwatsuki, K. (1967). Enumeration of Thai pteridophytes collected during 1965–66. [Japanese Journal of] Southeast Asian Studies. 5: 23–120. ________. (1985). Lindsaeaceae. In: T. Smitinand & K. Larsen (eds), Flora of Thailand. 3(2): 129–149. Royal Forest Department, Bangkok. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds) 2018: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. 254 pp. DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018 THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 46(2): 162–216. 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2018.46.2.08 Systematics of the Thai Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae with comments on the Kielmeyeroidae (Clusiaceae) CAROLINE BYRNE1, JOHN ADRIAN NAICKER PARNELL1,2,* & KONGKANDA CHAYAMARIT3 ABSTRACT The Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae are revised for Thailand and their relationships to the Clusiaceae and Guttiferae are brieﬂy discussed. Thirty-two species are deﬁnitively recognised in six genera, namely: Calophyllum L., Kayea Wall., Mammea L. and Mesua L. in the Calophyllaceae and Cratoxylum Blume. and Hypericum L. in the Hypericaceae. A further four species of Calophyllum are tentatively noted as likely to occur in Thailand. Descriptions, full synonyms relevant to the Thai taxa, distribution maps, ecology, phenology, vernacular names, specimens examined and provisional keys are given. All species previously classiﬁed in the genus Mesua have been moved to the genus Kayea, except Mesua ferrea L. Two taxa were found to be endemic to Thailand: Mammea harmandii (Pierre) Kosterm. and Hypericum siamense N.Robson. The distribution for the families in Thailand was found to vary with the Thai Calophyllaceae being found mainly in Central and Peninsular Thailand whilst the Thai Hypericaceae were found mainly in the North and the North-East of Thailand. Overall the numbers of collections housed in herbaria are few and more collections are necessary in order to give a comprehensive account of their distributions in Thailand. KEYWORDS: Guttiferae, Flora of Thailand. Published online: 24 December 2018 INTRODUCTION The present work forms the basis of an account being prepared for the Flora of Thailand. It is largely based on the examination of 2,345 specimens from worldwide herbaria including: A, AAU, ABD, B, BK, BKF, BM, C, CAL, CMUB, E, G, K, KKU, L, LINN, NY, P, PSU, QBG, SING, TCD, U and UPS. All descriptions are based on observations made from herbarium material and living plants observed while in the ﬁeld. Dimensions used are based on herbarium specimens and living plants measured in the ﬁeld. For dry specimens, ﬂowers were softened in water before measurements were taken. Vernacular names and geographical information were taken from specimens and the literature. Flower, and bark exudate colours in Hypericum and Cratoxylum always refer to fresh material: all other colours are drawn from herbarium notes or directly from dried material. Ecological information was taken from specimens, from field observations and from the literature. Distribution maps were constructed using Arc-GIS 9, Version 9.1. These maps show the distribution of all species in Thailand. The co-ordinates of localities used have been taken from label data, and in the cases where only province names have been provided, a co-ordinate point was mapped in the centre of that province to show the presence of the specimen. All types that have been seen are indicated by (!) after the herbarium abbreviation. Where a new lectotype has been chosen, this is indicated after the designated specimen. All lectotypes have been chosen on the same basis: that is that they are the best available of all potential lectotype specimens or, in rare cases, the sole available specimen. In the synonymy, homotypic 1 Herbarium, Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. 2 Trinity Centre for the Environment, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. 3 Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, 61 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. * Corresponding author: jparnell@tcd.ie © 2018 The Forest Herbarium SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) synonyms are indicated by the identity sign (≡). Bar codes are given where possible; but, for example, neither ABD or LINN use bar codes and in many herbaria not all specimens are bar-coded. It is hoped that this account will enable the keys, descriptions and distributional information on taxa to be reﬁned before they are published in the Flora of Thailand. Furthermore, it is clear that a number of taxa are known from very few collections indeed, sometimes only a single collection (e.g., Kayea elegans King): a situation repeatedly drawn attention to as a general problem for many taxa in Thailand (Parnell et al., 2003; van Welzen et al., 2011). The Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae and the Clusiaceae and the Guttiferae The families Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae are dealt with together in this paper as their status as separate families has varied over time. Indeed, in the past, they have been dealt with as one family under the name Guttiferae or Clusiaceae, and that is how they were ﬁrst proposed to be treated for the Flora of Thailand when this work commenced. The Clusiaceae, Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae belong to the order Malpighiales (Chase et al., 1993; Davis et al., 2004; Stevens, 2006) which contains 700 genera and over 16,000 species in 30 families (Tokuoka &Tobe, 2006; Wurdack & Davis, 2009). The phylogenetic placement of this order is poorly understood; it may lie either in the fabid clade of the rosids (rosid I) or the malvid clade (rosid II) (APG IV, 2016). Phylogenetic relationships within the Malpighiales are also not fully resolved (Stevens, 2001 onwards; Davis et al., 2004; APG II, 2003; Tokuoka & Tobe, 2006; APG III, 2009, Wurdack & Davis, 2009; Sun et al. 2016) though the interfamily relationships are now better understood (APG IV, 2016). Most recent phylogenetic studies have been based on molecular analyses, using plastid and nuclear gene regions (Savolainen et al., 2000a, 2000b; Soltis et al., 2000; Stevens, 2001 onwards; APG II, 2003; Davis et al. 2004, 2005; Tokuoka & Tobe, 2006; Wurdack & Davis, 2009; APG III, 2009; APG IV, 2016; Sun et al. 2016). Wurdack & Davis (2009) showed that the Clusiaceae are polyphyletic with the two commonly recognised subfamilies of the Clusiaceae s.l. not forming a clade: subfamily Kielmeroideae was shown to be sister to the Hypericaceae and Podostemaceae, while subfamily 163 Clusioideae was sister to the Bonnetiaceae (Wurdack & Davis, 2009). So as to ensure monophyletic family circumscriptions Wurdack & Davis (2009) reinstated the Calophyllaceae, a decision repeatedly and recently re-confirmed (APG IV, 2016). Sun et al. (2016) undertook a mega-analysis of a super-matrix of 9,300 species and conﬁrmed that the Podostemaceae and Hypericaceae form a clade (100% Bootstrap support [BS]) with the Calophyllaceae being that clade’s sister (93% BS), this latter clade being sister to a more weakly supported clade (72% BS) comprising the Clusiaceae and Bonnetiaceae and with the whole lot forming a clade with 100% BS within the Malphigiales. Sun et al. (2016) also indicate that Mesua in the Calophyllaceae is not monophyletic necessitating the transfer of a number of species away from this genus. Some of these relationships appear difficult to accept from a morphological perspective. In particular, the Podostemaceae are an aquatic family of angiosperms that occur on rocks in waterfalls and rapids (Kato, 2004) and appear quite diﬀerent to the other families in the Malpigiales in terms of habit, indeed diﬀerent to any other family of Angiosperm. Koi (2005) suggested that saltational evolution might have occurred to give rise to the Podostemaceae, as there is a lack of intermediate species between this family and the Clusiaceae s.l. and Hypericaceae. But there are morphological similarities linking them to each other, including various types of secretory structure and secondary products (Kubitzki et al., 1978; Stevens, 2006; Wurdack & Davis, 2009). The Guttiferae (Clusiaceae, nom. alt.) sensu lato, comprises 27 genera and 1,050 species. Stevens (2006) considered there to be two subfamilies: Kielmeyeroideae and Clusioideae. The Kielmeyeroideae, now consideredd a separate family Calophyllaceae (Stevens, 2001 onwards; APG III, 2009; APG IV, 2016; Mabberley, 2017) contain two tribes, namely tribe Calophylleae with 11 genera and tribe Endodesmieae with two genera (Stevens, 2001 onwards). They are characterised by spiral leaves with pellucid dots, moderate-sized cotyledons and perfect ﬂowers and as Stevens (2006) indicates (as Clusiaceae) are found mainly in moist, tropical, lowland or lower montane forests. The majority of genera are found in primary forests, some species grow in peat swamp forests (Calophyllum 164 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 pisiferum Planch. & Triana, C. rupicola Ridl., C. sclerophyllum Vesque, C. teysmannii Miq.), and some grow in black-water ﬂoodplains (species of Caraipa Aublet, Haploclathra Benth.) (Stevens, 2006). The Clusioideae, now considered a separate family Clusiaceae (Stevens, 2001 onwards; APG III, 2009; APG IV, 2016; Mabberley, 2017), contain 14 genera and 500 species (Mabberley, 2017) in three tribes (Stevens, 2001 onwards), namely Clusieae with ﬁve genera, Garcinieae with two generan and Symphonieae with seven genera, and further details are beyond the scope of this publication. Hypericaceae comprise 8 genera and 560 species (Mabberley, 2017). The family has a worldwide distribution and is divided into three tribes: Vismieae with two genera, Hypericeae with five genera and Cratoxyleae with two genera. Among the two Thai genera, Hypericum L. is found in temperate regions and high montane areas in tropical regions whereas Cratoxylun is found exclusively in the Old World tropics. The Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae of Thailand In his revision, Sangkaew (1999) reported 17 species of Calophyllum L. (under Clusiaceae) in Thailand (Calophyllum calaba L., C. canum Hook.f., C. depressinervosum M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., C. dryobalanoides Pierre, C. inophyllum L., C. macrocarpum Hook.f., C. mollee King, C. pisiferum, C. polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy, C. rupicola, C. sclerophyllum, C. soulattri Burm.f., C. symingtonianum M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., C. tetrapterum Miq., C. teysmannii, C. thorelii Pierre and C. touranense Gagnep. ex P.F.Stevens). Forest Herbarium (2001) reported 29 taxa occurring in Thailand in the Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae together under the label Guttiferae. This latter publication also included all of the 17 Calophyllum species recorded by Sangkaew (1999), six species in the genus Cratoxylum (Hypericaceae), namely Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume, C. cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume, C. formosum (Jack) Dyer, C. formosum subsp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogelein, C. maingayi Dyer, C. sumatranum (Jack) Blume subsp. neriifolium (Kurz) Gogelein, and one species in the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae), namely Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn. Two species were recorded in the genus Mammea (Clusiaceae): Mammea harmandiii (Pierre) Kosterm. and M. siamensis (Miq.) T.Anderson. Three species were reported in the genus Mesua (Clusiaceae), namely Mesua ferrea L., M. ferruginea (Pierre) Kosterm. and M. nervosa Planch. & Triana. TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT The following is a brief description of the four genera and 21(–25) species of Calophyllaceae and the two genera and 12 species of Hypericaceae that we have recognised in Thailand respectively: Calophyllum (Calophyllaceae).— Approximately 186 species, 14 (probably 18) of which occur in Thailand. The distribution is worldwide in tropical areas including Africa, North and South America, Tropical and Temperate Asia, Australasia and the Paciﬁc. They are restricted to areas that are humid and in lowland or montane rainforests but can grow in drier, open areas (Stevens, 1980). Some of the main characteristic features of this genus include ﬁssured bark with exudate, leaves with distinct venation, terminal or axillary inflorescences, four to eight tepals and drupaceous fruits. Calophyllum inophyllum is one species in this genus that is of economic importance as it is used in many countries for diﬀerent purposes. In Java, the seed oil and latex is used to dye batik cloth. The timber is strong and durable and used as a general-purpose timber for masts, bridgework, boat building and cabinet making. The oils produced from the fruits are used to treat ulcers, rheumatism and skin diseases such as eczema, and a decoction of the bark and latex is used both internally and externally as a remedy for many infections and also for skin and eye diseases and rheumatism. In local medicine, the ﬂowers, leaves and seeds are also used. Although this tree grows slowly, it is also used for reforestation and aﬀorestation projects and at shorelines to protect the coast (ICRAF, 2008). The 14 Thai species we so far recognise and describe are: Calophyllum calaba, C. dryobalanoides, C. inophyllum, C. macrocarpum, C. pisiferum, C. polyanthum, C. rupicola, C. sclerophyllum, C. soulattri, C. symingtonianum, C. tetrapterum, C. teysmannii, C. thorelii and C. touranense. Four other species have been reported by other workers (see discussion below). SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Kayea (Calophyllaceae).— Approximately 75 species occur in tropical Asia namely Borneo, Myanmar, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand and Vietnam. This genus comprises trees with opposite, glabrous and coriaceous leaves. The inﬂorescences are large with solitary flowers and there are four sepals and petals present. The fruit is an indehiscent ﬂeshy fruit with one to four seeds. Three species occur in Thailand, namely Kayea elegans, K. ferruginea Pierre and K. kunstleri King. Mammea (Calophyllaceae).— Approximately 75 species, occurring throughout the tropics in Africa, Central America, Madagascar and Tropical Asia. Madagascar is thought to be the centre of origin for this genus (Stevens, 2006). The species are all trees with clear or coloured resinous sap and are found in areas of low to medium altitude. The leaves are simple and opposite and some have black glandular dots present. The inflorescences are quite often cauliﬂorous and the fruit is ﬂeshy and coriaceous when dry. There are three species found in Thailand, namely Mammea brevipes (Craib) Kosterm., M. harmandii and M. siamensis. Mesua (Calophyllaceae).— One species in Tropical Asia, namely Mesua ferrea, which has long been cultivated in the area and is found growing naturally at low altitudes. This genus comprises trees with a sticky exudate which dries black. The leaves are opposite, often with dots on the upper surface. The inﬂorescences are solitary, axillary or terminal and there are four or ﬁve sepals and petals present. The fruits of this genus are quite variable and can be drupes, berries or capsules. Mesua ferrea is often used in folk medicine for a variety of skin disorders. It is found naturally growing and it is also cultivated throughout Asia and has many other uses also: the seed is used in meal for poultry as it is a good source of protein and energy, it is used for ﬁrewood, the timber is used in heavy construction and furniture making, the ﬂowers are used for dyeing fabrics, to stuﬀ pillows and in cosmetic products and an oil called nahor is extracted from the seeds and is used to treat dandruﬀ and rheumatism (ICRAF, 2017). 165 Hypericum (Hypericaceae).— Approximately 420 species found worldwide but mainly in temperate regions of Africa, North America, Asia, Europe and the former Soviet Union. This genus consists of trees or herbs that show a lot of morphological variation. The leaves are opposite and can be sessile or subsessile. There are four to ﬁve sepals and petals present and the ﬂowers are usually yellow and showy. The petals are sometimes spotted with black glands. Hypericum species are cultivated as ornamentals as they have showy flowers. In Britain and Ireland, there are over 80 varieties available as garden plants (Lord et al., 2004). Many members of this genus also yield compounds important to the pharmaceutical industry such as ﬂavonoids, tannins, phenol-carbonic acids and xanthones (Frohne & Pfänder, 2005) and Hypericum perforatum L. is known for its’ medicinal properties, as it is used as a herbal remedy to help mild depression (Frohne & Pfänder, 2005). In Thailand six species occur mainly in the Northern Region. These are Hypericum henryi H.Lév. & Vaniot. subsp. hancockiii N.Robson, H. hookerianum, H. japonicum Thunb., H. napaulense Choisy, H. patulum Thunb. and H. siamense. Cratoxylum (Hypericaceae).— Contains eight species in three sections (Kochummen, 1973) found in northeastern India and southern China to western Malesia at low altitudes or in low montane areas. Five species occur in Thailand. Species vary from deciduous to evergreen trees or shrubs that are usually glabrous and exude a yellow resinous sap. The leaves are papyraceous and usually have pellucid dots present. The inﬂorescences are terminal panicles or short terminal cymes or sometimes axillary cymes. There are ﬁve sepals and petals present and the corolla is usually pink (red) or white. The genus Cratoxylum is used as a source of timber (Heywood, 1993) and the wood is used for joinery and for light construction and furniture making (MTC, 2017). The Thai taxa are Cratoxylum arborescens, C. chinense, C. formosum subsp. formosum, C. formosum subsp. pruniflorum, C. maingayi and C. neriifolium Kurz. K EY TO THE FAMILIES 1. Fruit indehiscent, with few, often large seeds 1. Fruit dehiscent, with many small seeds 1. Calophyllaceae 2. Hypericaceae 166 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 1. CALOPHYLLACEAE Evergreen trees or shrubs with canals or glands present in all parts of the plant; usually glabrous, uni-/ multicellular hairs sometimes present. Leaves simple, petiolate, opposite, alternate or whorled. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, sometimes comprising single ﬂowers, bisexual or unisexual, radially symmetric. Tepals 4–8 or Calyx 2–5, free sepals. Corolla petals 4–5, free. Stamens 4–∞, aggregated into fascicles. Ovary superior, carpels 1–many, ovules 2–∞. Fruits berries, drupes or capsules, size varies immensely. Seeds ± winged, ± arillate; cotyledons often huge. Pantropical with 14 genera and 750 species; 4 genera and 21(–25) species in Thailand. K EY TO THE GENERA 1. Ovary 1-celled 2. Stigma peltate; ovule 1 2. Stigma 4-ﬁd; ovules 4(–8) 1. Ovary 2(–many)-celled 3. Sepals 2; ovary 2(–many)-celled 3. Sepals 4–5; ovary 2-celled 1. CALOPHYLLUM L., Sp. Pl.: 513. 1753; L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 229. 1754; Choisy, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 228. 1823; Choisy in DC., Prodr. 1: 562. 1824; Endl., Gen. Pl.: 1028. 1840; Choisy, Descr. Guttif. Inde: 41. 1849; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 509. 1859; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sér. 4, 15: 241. 1862; T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 271. 1874; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 6. 1889; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 172. 1890; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 529. 1893; Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 1: 98. 1893; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. 3(6): 220. 1895; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 316. 1910; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 181. 1922; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 192. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 268. 1943; Perrier de la Bathie in Humbert, Fl. Madagasc. 136: 3. 1951; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 285. 1956; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: 139. 1960; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 384. 1963; A.C.Sm. & S.P.Darwin, J. Arnold Arbor. 55: 216. 1974; P.F.Stevens, Austral. J. Bot. 22: 349. 1974; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 167. 1980; H.W.Li et al., Flora of China 13: 38–40. 2007. ≡ Ponna Rheede ex. Boehm., Ludw. Def. Gen. Pl. 239. 1760, nom. illeg. superﬂ. ≡ Balsamaria Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 469. 1790. nom. illeg. superﬂ.?. Type species: Calophyllum inophyllum L. — Calaba Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. 1754. — Augia Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 337. 1790, nom. rej., pro minore parte. Type species: Augia sinensis Lour. [see Stevens, 1980]. 1. Calophyllum 2. Kayea 3. Mammea 4. Mesua — Apoterium Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 5: 218. 1825. Type species: Apoterium sulatri Blume. Trees with ﬁssured bark usually yellow-brown to grey-brown, with two diﬀerent kinds of exudate: a clear honey exudate or an opaque white exudate. Leaves simple, petiolate, opposite, coriaceous; close, ﬁne parallel veins from midrib towards margin, some having distinct intramarginal veins, veins are usually distinct; the midrib is depressed on upper surface. Inflorescences terminal or axillary. Floral parts tepals 4 or 8, rarely more; ﬂowers are similar among species; white; bracts and bracteoles ovate and caducous. Stamens 30–600; usually glabrous; basiﬁxed; vertically dehiscent; ﬁlaments are slender and joined at base into 4–6 bundles. Ovary 1-celled; 1 ovule; glabrous; stigma peltate. Fruit drupe; ovoid to globose; varying from yellow/green to orange/brown to black. Seed with large cotyledons. Distribution.— 186 species in Africa (Tropical, Madagascar and the Mascarenes), Asia Temperate (East and Southeast Asia), Asia Tropical (Indian Subcontinent, Malesia), Paciﬁc, Australasia, North, Central and South America (Mexico to Argentina including Caribbean); 14 (probably 18) species in Thailand. Subsequent to the preparation of this account Gardner et al. (2015) confirmed the report of Sangkaew (1999) concerning the occurence of Callophyllum molle in Thailand. This species is known as a rare tree of lowland evergreen forest in Narathiwat which represents an extension of its SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) known range in the Malay Peninsula. Gardner et al. (2015) also report two specimens of the otherwise Malesian Calophyllum wallichianum Planch. & Triana from lowland evergreen or evergreen bamboo forest in Phangnga, Ranong. The latter species is similar to Calophyllum macrocarpum and would key out along with it in the key below; whilst the former species is the only species of Thai Calophyllum that is obviously hairy on its leaves, especially on the undersurface of the young leaves. Gardner et al. (2015), Sangkaew (1999) and Stevens (1980) also report the occurrence of Calophyllum depressinervosum from south and southeast Thailand, and Gardner et al. 167 (2015) and Sangkaew (1999) that of C. canum from southernmost Thailand. Calophyllum depressinervosum obviously has acuminate leaves with the latex canals clearly impressed, and C. canum has a distinctive swollen terminal bud, ﬂowers with very large numbers of stamens and leaves with a wavy margin. At the time of writing of this account we had not seen specimens of these species. Apart from their inclusion in the key below and its general improvement, we require further information to conﬁrm the colour of their bark exudates; therefore, we would welome further relevant information on all of the above species. K EY TO THE SPECIES 1. Bark exudate a clear honey colour 2. Outer pair of tepals dorsally pubescent 14. C. touranense 3. Tepals more than 8; outer pair of tepals equalling the next pair in shape and size 3. Tepals 8 or fewer; outer pair of tepals not equal to the next pair in shape and size 4. Stamens less than 100; fruit ≤ 1cm in diameter 1. C. calaba 4. Stamens more than 100; fruit > 1 cm in diameter 5. Leaf apex acuminate to rarely acute; branchlets 4-angled 4. C. macrocarpum 5. Leaf apex acuminate, retuse, or cuspidate; branchlets terete 6. Branchlets ﬂattened or rarely terete; leaf apex acuminate to acute 6. C. polyanthum 6. Branchlets terete; leaf apex cuspidate to retuse 7. Stamens less than 200; inﬂorescences terminal and from upper leaf axils; fruit spherical to ellipsoid, drying light green to purple 13. C. thorelii 7. Stamens more than 200; inﬂorescences axillary racemes; fruit ovoid to rotund, drying reddish-brown to almost black 8. C. sclerophyllum 2. Outer pair of tepals dorsally glabrous 8. Leaves slightly coriaceous; fruit ellipsoid to obovoid; stamens less than 70 10. C. symingtonianum 8. Leaves coriaceous; fruit ellipsoid, globose, obovoid or subglobose; stamens usually more than (65–)70, if 70 or less then other characters not as above 9. Leaf apex retuse to round 3. C. inophyllum 9. Leaf apex acute to acuminate 10. Stamens 35–90; tepals (4–)8; intramarginal veins absent 11. C. tetrapterum 10. Stamens 65–220; tepals 8; intramarginal veins present 11. Tree without buttresses; inﬂorescences terminal and from upper leaf axils, usually covered with brown pubescence; fruit ovoid, apex acute to acuminate 2. C. dryobalanoides 11. Tree with/without buttresses, if present, small (to <1 m); inﬂorescences in racemes, usually glabrous, but occasionally covered with brown pubescence; fruit ellipsoid to subglobose, apex acute to round 12. C. teysmannii 1. Bark exudate not a clear honey colour, somewhat opaque, usually milky white/yellow 12. Youngest twigs glabrous 7. C. rupicola 12. Youngest twigs pubescent 13. Fruit yellow-green or pale brown 1. C. calaba 13. Fruit orange or purple or black 14. Youngest twigs and base of inﬂorescences orange pubescent; ﬂowers in axillary racemes; leaves ovate or elliptic 5. C. pisiferum 14. Youngest twigs and base of inﬂorescences red-brown pubescent; ﬂowers axillary, in cymes; leaves oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate 9. C. soulattri 168 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 1. Calophyllum calaba L., Sp. Pl.: 732. 1753; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 256. 1980; P.F.Stevens in Jarvis et al., Regnum Veg. 127: 28. 1993. Type: Sri Lanka, Herb. Hermann 3: 3, No. 202 (lectotype BM [BM000621800!], designated by Stevens [1993]). — Calophyllum saigonense Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: t. 105. 1885; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 602. 1893; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 318. 1910; Craib in Schmidt, Bot. Tidsskr. 32: 328. 1915; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 121. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 274. 1943; Pham & Nguyên, Cây-Có Mièn Nam Viet-Nam 179. 1960; Pham, Cây-Có Mièn Nam Viet-Nam 2(2): 303. 1970; H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 28: 245. 1976. Type: Cochinchine, Beucar, Pierre 3649 (lectotype P! designated by Stevens [1980]; isolectotypes E [E00209519!], K [K000380003!], P!). — Calophyllum curtisii Ridl., J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 176. 1890; Curtis, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiatic Soc. 25: 78. 1894; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 185. 1922; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 321. 1956; Kochummen, Malayan Forest Rec. 2(17): 221. 1965; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 177. 1973; Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore Suppl. 1: 104. 1978. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Penang, Curtis 523 (lectotype K [K000199886!], designated here; isolectotypes BM [BM000611470!], BO not seen). Trees to 30 m tall; dbh 20 cm; bole straight without buttresses; outer bark deeply ﬁssured yellow to grey-yellow, inner bark red-pink; exudate clear honey coloured or yellow or white, sticky. Branchlets ﬂattened to terete, some smooth-waxy, some showing tiny minute hairs on stems, tomentose; internodes 1–3 cm long. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.3–1.9 cm long; young leaves reddish pubescent, blade 3.5–11.2 × 0.9–4.4 cm, elliptic to ovate, concave above and convex below, base cuneate to attenuate to slightly acute, apex acute to round, sometimes cuspidate; venation very obvious on both surfaces, midrib depressed on upper surface and pronounced on lower surface, orange/brown on lower surface and red/ light tan on upper surface, midrib wide (2 mm) on lower surface, narrowing towards apex to approximately 1 mm wide, upper and lower surface smooth, coriaceous, green/orange/yellow/brown; secondary veins present, dense, arising at same points on both sides of the midrib, approximately 0.5 mm apart, intramarginal vein inconspicuous but present. Inflorescence axillary, covered in brown pubescence, 3–15 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence, pedicels 0.3–2.8 cm long. Floral parts tepals 4, sometimes 6, the outer pair elliptic-obovate to ovate, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, sometimes dorsally brown pubescent, inner one elliptic-oblong, 4.5–7 × 1.5–3 mm, rarely dorsally pubescent. Stamens in fascicles, approximately 20–95 per ﬂower; ﬁlaments 2–6 mm long; anthers 1–1.2 mm long, orange. Ovary 1.5–2 mm long; style 2–4 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, apex rounded, 0.5–1 × 0.5–0.8 cm, yellow-green to pale brown when ripe. Thailand.— (Map 1.1.1): NORTH-EASTERN: Nong Khai [Chaiyaburi, 21 Feb. 1924, Kerr 8526 (ABD, BK, BM, E, K, TCD)]; EASTERN: Buri Ram [21 Nov. 1976, Phengklai et al. 3331 (A, BKF, PSU)]; Surin [4 Dec. 1976, Phengklai et al. 3624 (A, BKF, PSU); Sangkha, 13 Jan. 1924, Kerr 8271 (ABD, BK, BM, C, K, P, TCD)]; Roi Et [5 Feb. 1925, Wanarale 62 (BK, K K); T. Banna, Suwanaphum, 13 Aug. 1982, Sutheesoen 5342 (BK); ibid. 17 Aug. 1982, Sutheesoen 5358 (BK)]; Yasothon [Mar. 1982, Smitinand s.n. (BKF)]; Si Sa Ket [Kantharalak District, 23 Mar. 1966, Sangkhachand 201 (BK); 20 Jan. 1965, Phengklai 900 (C, K, L, P); 20 Jan. 1965, Phengklai 38105 (E); Chong Bat Lak, Kantaralak, 11 Apr. 1976, Maxwell 76-205 (AAU, BK, L); Kantharalak District, Dongkrak Range, Chong Bat Lak, 20 Aug. 1976, Maxwell 76-592 (AAU, BK, L)]; Ubon Ratchathani [Lam Don Hoi, 4 Dec. 1968, Smitinand & Turbang 10504 (BKF); Khong Chiam Falls, 16 Oct. 1990, Smitinand 90-267 (BKF)]; SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri [Nong Yai Bu, 1914, Collins 645 (K); Sri Racha, Na Phrow, Apr. 1922, Collins 804 (ABD, BM, K); Hup Bon, Sri Racha Forest, 25 Oct. 1927, Collins 1661 (BM, K); Sri Racha Forest, 23 Dec. 1927, Collins 1779 (BK, K)]; Chanthaburi [Ban Chao Lao, 8 Feb. 1991, Chayamarit 281 (BKF); Khao Sabap, 7 Jan. 1930, Kerr 17993 (A, B, BK, BM, C, K, L)]; Trat [Khao Saming, 26 Jan. 1927, Put 5666 (BK, K, L); Ko Chang, Khlong Son, 1 Mar. 1900, Schmidt 668 (C, K); Ko Kut, Ao Salad, 9 Apr. 2002, Phengklai et al. 13582 (BKF)]; PENINSULAR: Chumphon [Bang Son, 9 Jan. 1927, Kerr 11318 (A, BK, C, K, L, P)]; Ranong [Ban Nakha, 9 Dec. 1976, Santisukk 797 (A, BKF); Khlong Nakha, 24 Feb. 1974, Geesink et al. 7561 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L, P); Ban Laem Lieng, 1 Feb. 1927, Kerr 11733 (A, BK, BM, C, K, L, P); 14 Jan. 1929, SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Kerr s.n. (BK)]; Surat Thani [Khao Tham Nong, Na San, 19 June 1966, Sakol 1070 (BK); Ko Pa-ngan, 4 Nov. 1927, Put 1155 (BK, BM, K); ibid., 4 Nov. 1927, Put 11566 (BK, BM, K, L); Chaiya, 10 Jan. 1935, Seidenfaden 2576 6 (C); Ko Tao, 23 Sept. 1928, Kerr 16065 (A, BK, BM, C, K, L, P); Than Khanon, Pierre s.n. (BKF)]; Phangnga [Ko Kho Khao, 4 Dec. 1965, Sangkhachand 1185 (BKF, K, L); between Thai Muang & Thung Maphrao, 29 Jan. 1958, Smitinand 41577 (BKF); Laem Lieng to La-un, 7 Mar. 1930, Kerr 18419 (K, L); Ko Yao Yai, 2 Mar. 1929, Kerr 17291 (A, BK, BM, C, K, L, P); ]; Phuket [Tha-chai/-chat, Dec. 1986, Phengklai & Smitinand 6105 (AAU, BKF, L, P)]; Krabi [Ao Luek,15 Mar. 7 (L)]; Phatthalung [20 Oct. 1938, 1930, Kerr 18567 Siwanna s.n. (BKF)]; Trang [Hat Chao Mai NP, Sikao District, 14 Dec. 1995, Mauric 15 (BKF); without locality, 27 May 1934, Poilane 23626 (BKF)]; Satun [Tarutao, Son Bay, 29 Feb. 1980, Congdon 400 (A, AAU, PSU); Ky Island, Tarutao, 22 Mar. 1980, Congdon 493 (A, AAU); Tarutao Island, 26 Apr. 1981, Congdon 12600 (A); Kanchanadit, 3 Jan. 1928, Kerr 13653 (BK, BM, K)]; Songkhla [Kobe Island, Sathingpra District, 26 May 1984, Srirugsa 835 (A, BKF, PSU)]; Khlong Hoi Khong, Hat Yai District, 11 Jan. 1985, Maxwell 85-65 (A, BKF, PSU)]; Kho Hong Hill/Prince of Songkla University Campus, 29 Dec. 1985, Maxwell 85-1181 (A, AAU, BKF, L, PSU); Kho Hong Hill/Hat Yai, 27 Apr. 1986, Maxwell 86-261 (A, BKF, L, PSU)]; Pattani [21 July 1990, Santisuk s.n. (BKF)]; Yala [30 Jan 1931, Put 3668 (BK, BM, C, K, L); ibid., 30 Jan 1931, Put 3670 (A, BK, BM, C, K, L, P)]; Narathiwat [Khok Mai Ruea, Tak Bai, 12 Jan. 1986, Niyomdham et al. 11366 (A, AAU, BKF, C, K, L, P); ibid., 25 Apr. 1986, Niyomdham et al. 1225 (A, BKF, C, K, L, P)]; Unknown locations [Unknown collector 177 7 (BKF); 10 Jan. 1974, Conran 291 (PSU); Hewitt 2063 (BM, K)]. Distribution.— Andaman Islands, Vietnam to Borneo, Sumatra, Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Ecology and phenology.— Savannah, evergreen forest, secondary forest; from near sea level to 650 m elevation. Flowering: August–December Fruiting: October–April. Vernacular.— Pha uung (พะอูง); pa-ong (ปะอง); pa-ung (ปะอุง); phanghan klet raet (พังหันเกล็ดแรด) (Sangkaew, 1999). 169 Uses.— The wood is used in house construction. The fruits are edible (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 2. Calophyllum dryobalanoides Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: t. 106. 1885; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 601. 1893; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 319. 1910; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 274. 1943, pro minore parte; Pham & Nguyên, Cây-Có Mièn Nam Viet-Nam, 179. 1960; Pham, Cây-Có Mièn Nam Viet-Nam, 2(2): 302. 1970; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 232. 1980. Type: Cochinchine (Vietnam), Pierre 83 (lectotype P [P00526184!], designated by Stevens [1980]; isolectotypes A [A000672326!], BM [BM000611356!], C( [C10009442!, fruits only], K [K000677426!], L [L0011725!, L0011726?], P [P00526185!, P00526186!],SING [SING0054598!). Trees to 30 m tall; dbh 20 cm; bole straight without buttresses; outer bark ﬁssured, brown-yellow or grey-yellow; exudate clear honey coloured. Branchlets quadrangular, slender, some with slightly brown pubescence, or waxy or glabrous; internode 1–2.5 cm long. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.6–1.5 cm long; blade 4–8.9 × 1.5–3.5 cm, lanceolate to ellipticentire, coriaceous, very smooth, dark green adaxially, paler green abaxially, base cuneate to slightly acute, apex acuminate; venation very pronounced, midrib not obvious on either surface, more pronounced on lower surface, yellow, distance between veins 0.2–0.8 mm, veins evenly spaced and meeting at the same points on opposite sides of the midrib, intramarginal veins present. Inflorescence terminal and from upper leaf axils, 7–37 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence, covered with brown pubescence, pedicels 0.6–1 cm long. Floral parts tepals 8, the outer pair oval to suborbicular, 3.5–5 × 3–4 mm, dorsally slightly brown pubescent on outer side near base or glabrous, inner one obovate to suborbicular, 4–6 × 5–6 mm, glabrous, the next two the same shape and size, elliptic-obovate, 4–5 × 3.5–4 mm, glabrous, white. Stamens in fascicles, 140–170 stamens per ﬂower; ﬁlamentt 2–3 mm long; anther 0.6–1 mm long, orange/ yellow. Ovary 1.5–2 mm long, style 1.5–3 mm long. Fruit ovoid, apex acute to acuminate, 1–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm, green. 170 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Thailand.— (Map 1.1.2): SOUTH-WESTERN: Phetchaburi [Amphoe Kaeng Krachan, Kaeng Krachan NP, on road from Ban Krang Camp to Khao Phanoen Thung Ranger Substation, 12 Aug. 2002, Middleton et al. 999 (A)]; SOUTH-EASTERN: Trat [Ko Chang, Khlong Mayom, Salak Khok, 6 Apr. 1923, Kerr 6390 (ABD, BM); Ko Chang, Khlong Non Si, 24 Sept. 1924, Kerr 9175 (BM); Bo Rai, 28 Nov. 1924, Kerr 9462 (BK, K, L)]. Distribution.— Cambodia, Vietnam. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, secondary forest, near freshwater; from 50 to 1200 m elevation. Flowering: September–December. Fruiting: January–March. (August). Vernacular.— Pha-ong ( พะอง ) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— The wood is used in construction. Fragrant oil emitted from the ﬂower is used in hair dressing (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Data Deﬁcient (DD). 3. Calophyllum inophyllum L., Sp. Pl.: 513. 1753; Burm.f., Fl. Ind. 120. 1768; G.Forster, Fl. Ins. Austral.: 41. 1768; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 1:562. 1824; Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 5: 217. 1825; Blanco, Fl. Filip.: 612. 1837; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient.: t. 77. 1839; Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 51. 1858; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 510. 1859; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sér. 4, 15: 282. 1862; Benth., Fl. Austral. 1: 183. 1863; T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 273. 1874; F.Muell., Descr. Ecology and Phenology Papuan Pl.: 36. 1875; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: t. 1. 1889; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 544. 1893; Brandis, Indian Trees: 54. ﬁg. 43. 1907; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. IndoChine 1(4): 324. 1910; Heckel, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseille 2(10): 262, pl. 25. 1912; Koord-Schum., Syst. Verz. 1: 4. 1912; Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3:79. 1923; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 120. 1925; Kaneh., Fl. Micron. 234, ﬁg. 106 1933; Merr., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24(2): 269. 1935; Kaneh., Formosan Trees. Rev. ed.: 473. ﬁg. 433. 1936; Sastri et al., Wealth India 2; 18. 1950; Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind. ed. 3, 1: 1083. 1950; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 314. pl. 1C. 1956; N.Robson in Exell & Wild, Fl. Zambes. 1: 394. t. 76. 1961; H.L.Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan: 601. ﬁg. 235. 1963; Baker & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 386. 1965; Whitmore, Guide Forests Brit. Solomon Is.: 77. 1966; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 186. 1973; P.F.Stevens, Austral. J. Bot. 22: 374. 1974; A.C.Sm. & Darwin, J. Arnold Arbor. 55: 223. ﬁgs. 6–8. 1974; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 170. 1976; Bamps et al. in Polhill, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Guttiferae: 3. 1978; Perry, Med. Pl. E. & SE. Asia, 173. 1980; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 324. 1980; S.Gardner et al., Field Guide Forest Trees N. Thailand: 53. 2000; H.W.Li et al., Fl. China 13: 53. 2007. Type: Sri Lanka, Herb. Hermann 2: 82, No. 201 (lectotype BM [BM000621780!], designated by Stevens [1980]). — Balsamaria inophyllum Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 470. 1790. Type: Unknown collector s.n. possibly Loureiro s.n. (holotype BM [BM000611357!]). — Calophyllum ovatifolium Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 13. 1790 Type: not located. — Calophyllum bingatorr Roxb., Hortus Bengal. 41. 1814, nom. nud.; Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 622. 1831; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 607. 1832. Type: Moluccas, Ambon, Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 2: t. 71. 1741. — Calophyllum blumei Wight, Illus. Ind. Bot. 1: 128. 1840; Walp., Rep. Bot. Syst. 1: 397. 1842. Type: not located. Trees 7–30 m tall; dbh 11–12 cm; bole ± straight, without buttresses; outer bark slightly fissured, rough, grey to brown; exudate the colour of clear honey. Branchlets striate, slightly brown pubescent or glabrous, yellow-greenish sap in centre of branchlets; internode 2–3 cm long. Leaves petioled, petiole 1.5–3 cm long; blade 8–15 × 4–8 cm, elliptic-obovate, sometimes oblong, obtuse, rounded, coriaceous, dark green and concave adaxially, dull green and convex abaxially, rarely glaucous, base cuneate to attenuate, apex retuse to round, rarely acute or emarginate; midrib depressed on upper surface in channel about ¾ of lamina length, underside raised, secondary veins present, dense and distinct on both surfaces, 6–8 veins per 0.5 cm. Inflorescence axillary panicles 5–10 cm long, pubescent or glabrous, up to 12 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence, pedicels 0.6–4 cm long. Floral parts tepals 8, reﬂexed when ﬂower is fully open, the outer pair oval to suborbicular, glabrous, imbricate, the next pair elliptic and the 2 inner pairs elliptic to SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) 171 obovate. Stamens in fascicles but not distinct fascicles, 40–250 stamens per ﬂower; ﬁlaments 4–5 mm long, white to yellow-green; anthers 1–1.5 mm long, bright yellow/orange. Ovaryy subglobose, 1.5–3.5 mm long; style 5–7 mm long with ﬂat stigma, almost white, 8–9 mm long; 1 ovule, red. Fruit globose, apex round, 2.5–3.2 × 3 cm. Kasem 1453 (BK)]; Songkhla [Prince of Songkla University Campus, Hat Yai, 16 June 1983, Warapohn 166 (A, PSU); Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai, 3 Oct. 1991, Songsiri 177 (PSU); PSU Campus, Hat Yai, 25 Dec. 1979, Congdon & Hamilton 489 9 (A, PSU); Ko Kham Island, Chana, Sirirugsa PS425 (PSU)]; Unknown location [Kerr 24866 (BKF)]. Thailand — (Map 1.1.3): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [27 June 1914, Kerr 3265 (ABD, BM, E, K)]; Phayao [Kwan Phayao, 3 July 1994, BGO Staﬀ 1108 (QBG)]; Phrae [1 July 1911, Vanpruk 268 (BKF, K)]; NORTH-EASTERN: Mukdahan [15 June 1932, Lakshnakara 946 (ABD, BK, BM, K, TCD)]; SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi [19 Jan. 1907, B.S. 3900 (BK)]; CENTRAL: Saraburi [3 Mar. 1987, Pukhae, 14 km from North of Saraburi, in direction of Lopburi, Lambinon 87/088 (AAU)]; Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [beside the library, Kasetsart University, Bang Khen, 26 Nov. 1970, Watdahnahsahp 166 (A, L, PSU); 28 May 1922, Marcan 849 (ABD, BM); 3 Apr. 1922, Paknam, Marcan 987 (BM); 13 July 1920, Kerr 4344 (ABD, BM, K, TCD); Kasetsart University Campus, Bang Khen, 22 Apr. 1975, Maxwell 75-430 (AAU, BK); Paknam, July 1924, Kerr s.n. (BM); Royal Palace, 21 Oct. 1960, Smitinand s.n. (BKF)]; SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri [14 Aug. 1981, Apiom et al. 9 (KKU); Pattaya seaside, 22 Jan. 1955, Chotmaiwee 28 (BK): Ko Kram Island, Pattaya, East Coast, 22 Aug. 1923, Collins 942 (ABD, K, TCD); Kasetsart University, Sri Racha Campus, 22 Dec. 2004, Maxwell 04-8277 (CMUB)]; Rayong [Chak Phong, Klaeng, 29 June 2004, Kertsawang 319 (QBG); Phae Arboretum, Phae District, 23 Nov. 1979, Shimizu et al. T-232977 (L)]; Trat [Ko Kut SW, 21 Nov. 1970, Charoenphol et al. 5111 (AAU, E)]; Ko Kradat, 15 Feb. 1900, Schmidt 5466 (C); 1928; PENINSULAR: Chumphon [Hat Sai Ri, 18 Feb. 1968, Vachanapong 64 (BK); Saek Island, Parlenam, 9 June 1969, Jaram 1677 (BM)]; Surat Thani [Ko Tao, 1 Jan. 1927, Kerr 11217 (ABD, BK, BM, K)]; Phangnga [North of Thung Maphrao, 19 July 1972, Larsen et al. 31115 (AAU, K, L, P)]; Phuket [23 May 1982, Ubolchalaket 111 (P)]; Phatthalung [Oct. 1915, Vanpruk 772 (BKF, K)]; Satun [Tarutao, near Malaeca Creek, 20 Oct. 1979, Congdon 115 (A, PSU); west side of Pulau Adang, 20 Oct. 1979, Congdon 115A (P); Tarutao NP, Ao Son, 10 Nov. 1979, Congdon 1477 (A, AAU, PSU); La-ngu, Ko Pulon Mai Phai, 10 Apr. 2003, Phengklai et al. 14760 (BKF); Tarutao Island, 20 Apr. 1969, Chermsirivathana & Distribution.— widespread from East Africa to Australia. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen and deciduous forests, marshy ground, sandy and rocky shorelines; from near sea level to 300 m. Flowering: October–December. Fruiting: all year. Visited by bees. Vernacular.— Kra thing (กระทิง); saraphi thale (สารภีทะเล); thing (ทิง) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— This species is used for various purposes due to its high durability. The wood is used in underwater construction and for furniture making. The seed oil is used in soap making and as medicine to treat conditions such as rheumatism and skin infections. The plant also has many other medicinal uses due the presence of saponins and hydrocyanic acid (Sangkaew, 1999; Stevens, 1980). Conservation.— IUCN Global Status: Least Concern (LC); Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 4. Calophyllum macrocarpum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 273. 1874; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 179. 1890; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 603. 1893; Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 33: 48. 1900; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 187. 1922; M.R.Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlm. 4: 224. 1928; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 317. 1956; Kochummen, Malayan Forest Rec. 2(17): 218. 1965; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penin. 2(1): 416. 1966; Meijer, Bot. Bull. Herb. Forest Dept., Sabah 7:16. 1967; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 187. 1973; H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 28: 244. 1976; Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore Suppl. 1: 104. 1978; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 452. ﬁg. 28, g, h. 1980. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Maingay 1728 (lectotype K [K000199888! & K000199889! – a single specimen on two sheets], designated by Stevens [1980]). 172 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Trees 25–35 m tall; dbh up to 110 cm; bole straight, usually without buttresses; outer bark deeply ﬁssured, ﬁssures boat-shaped, yellow-brown to dark-brown to black, some areas of bark emitting a reddish hue, inner bark brown to black; exudate the colour of clear honey. Branchlets flattened, 4-angled, slight brown pubescence at node, internodes 0.5–4 cm long. Leaves petioled, petiole 1.5–3.2 cm long; blade 8–16.5 × 3–4.6 cm, elliptic to oblanceolate to lanceolate, concave adaxially, convex abaxially, coriaceous, very smooth, light green to khaki green, base cuneate to acute, apex acuminate to rarely acute; venation pronounced on both surfaces, midrib on upper surface depressed in channel approximately ½ of lamina length, very pronounced on lower surface, arising at same point on both sides of midrib, approximately 0.5 mm apart, 5–10 veins per 0.5 cm. Inflorescence axillary; 5–15 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence; covered with red-brown pubescence; pedicels 0.7–3.3 cm long. Floral parts tepals 8 (rarely 10), the outer pair ovate to suborbicular, 6–7 × 5–6 mm, dorsally densely pubescent; inner ones ovate to elliptic to oblong-elliptic,7–17.5 × 3–8 mm, dorsally pubescent; the next 2 with the same shape and size, oblong-elliptic, 6–13 × 2–3 mm, dorsally slightly pubescent. Stamens in fascicles, 160–200 per ﬂower; ﬁlament 3–6 mm long; anther 1–1.3 mm long. Ovary 2–3 mm long; style 3–5 mm long, stigma peltate. Fruit ellipsoid; 6.5–15 × 4.5–8 cm; acute at apex; yellow-green when ripe, drying wrinkled with longitudinal striations and dark brown. Thailand — (Map 1.1.4): PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat [Krung Ching Waterfall, 21 Feb. 1991, Niyomdham et al. 2250 (BKF)]; Trang [Khao Chong, 30 Apr. 1969, Phusomsaeng & Smitinand 240 (BK, K, L, P); 15 June 1973, Phusomsaeng et al. 16177 (BKF, L)]; Narathiwat [Khao Sam Sip, 25 Sept. 1996, Niyomdham 4792 (BKF)]. Distribution — Malay Peninsula to Borneo excluding Java. Ecologyy and phenology.— Evergreen rainforest; from 100 to 220 m elevation. Flowering: May–July. Fruiting: August–June. Vernacular.— Chuat (ชวด) (Phusomsaeng & Smitinand 240); tang hon (ตังหน) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— The wood is used in construction and furniture making (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Data Deﬁcient (DD). 5. Calophyllum pisiferum Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér. 4, 15: 294. 1862; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 184. 1922; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 345. 1956; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2; 172. 1973; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 518. ﬁg. 32, k, l. 1980. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Gaudichaud 86 6 (lectotype G [G00032033!], designated by Stevens [1980]; isolectotypes P [P01900978!, P01900979!]). — C. retusum Wall. ex Choisy var. cochinchinense Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 321. 1910; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 275. 1943; Pham & Nguyên, Cây-Có Mièn Nam Viet-Nam, 179. 1960; Pham, Cây-Có Mièn Nam Viet-Nam. 2(2): 303. 1970. Type: Cochinchine (Vietnam), Thorel 1395 (lectotype P [P01900966!], designated by Stevens [1980]; isolectotypes P [P01900967!, P01900968!], B not seen, K [K000380005!], G [G00032033!]) — Calophyllum retusum Wall. ex Choisy var. cambodgense Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 321. 1910; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl Indo-Chine 1:275. 1943; Pham, Cây-Có Mièn Nam Viet-Nam. 2(2): 303. 1970. Type: Cambodia, Hahn 866 (holotype: P! [P01900969!]). — Calophyllum sangkae Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 18. 1925; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 122. 1925. Type: Thailand, Surin, Kerr 8283 (lectotype K [K000380004!], designated here; isolectotypes: ABD [ABDUH:2/518!], BM [BM000611358!], BK!, P [P00526175!]). — Calophyllum motleyi Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938:122. 1938. Type: Indonesia, Borneo, Motley 865 (holotype K [K000380013!]). — Calophyllum retusum auct. non Wall. ex Choisy: T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1:272. 1874, pro parte; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: pl. 102. 1865; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: t. 25. 1889; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 50: 176. 1890, pro majore parte. Shrubs to 5 m or trees to 35 m tall; dbh 60 cm; bole straight without buttresses; outer bark ﬁssured, brown-yellow to grey-brown, inner bark dark red; exudate clear to slightly opaque. Branchlets slightly SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) 173 Map 1.1.1 Distribution of Calophyllum calaba in Thailand. Map 1.1.2 Distribution of Calophyllum dryobalanoides in Thailand. Map 1.1.3 Distribution of Calophyllum inophyllum in Thailand. Map 1.1.4 Distribution of Calophyllum macrocarpum in Thailand. 174 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 ﬂattened to rectangular, covered in minute orange pubescence; internodes 1–2.5 cm long. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.3–0.7 cm long; blade 3.5–10.8 × 1–3.3 cm, elliptic or ovate, coriaceous, smooth, orange/yellow to brown concave adaxially, convex abaxially, base round to cuneate, apex acute to round; venation distinct on both surfaces, midrib depressed on upper surface and pronounced on lower surface, secondary veins not arising at same points of midrib and some splitting again forming intersecondary veins, 7–13 veins per 0.5 cm. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, covered with brown pubescence, 7–15 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence, pedicels 0.5–1.5 cm long. Floral parts tepals 4, the outer pair ovate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, dorsally brown pubescent, inner pair elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, slightly dorsally pubescent to glabrous. Stamens in fascicles, approximately 30–70 stamens per ﬂower; ﬁlaments 3–3.5 mm long; anthers 0.4–0.6 mm long, oblongelliptic. Ovary 1.5–3 mm long; style 4–5 mm long. Fruit oval to ellipsoid with an acute apex, 0.9–1.3 × 0.7–1 cm, rough ridges on surface, orange when ripe. Thailand.— (Map 1.1.5): EASTERN : Surin [Sangka, 14 Jan. 1924, Kerr 8283 (ABD, BK, BM, P)]; SOUTH-EASTERN: Prachin Buri [Huai Kasian, 14 Nov. 1964, Sakol 109 (BK)]; Chanthaburi [East of Makam, 18 Jan. 1958, Sørensen et al. 464 (C)]; Trat [Ko Kut SW, 21 Nov. 1970, Charoenphol et al. 50977 (AAU, BKF, P); ibid., 21 Nov. 1970, Charoenphol et al. 51066 (AAU, BKF, C, K); Ko Kut, 6 Apr. 1959, Smitinand 5722 (BKF); Khao Saming, 26 Nov. 1924, Kerr 9435 (BK, BM, C, K, L, P); Khao Kuap (or Panom Tom), 25 Dec. 1929, Kerr 17774 (A, BK, BM, C, K, L, P); Waterfall, Kudi Island, 9 Apr. 2002, Leeratiwong 2002-32 (PSU)]; PENINSULAR : Narathiwat [Pawai, Su-ngai Padi, 25 Aug. 1988, Niyomdham & Ueachirakan 19166 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L, P); ibid., 5 Sept. 1988, Niyomdham & Ueachirakan 1935 (AAU, BKF, E, K, L, P); Su-ngai Padi, 10 Oct. 1988, Niyomdham 1952 (AAU, BKF, K, L)]. Distribution.— Laos, Cambodia, southern Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, peat swamp forest, by water, in rocky areas from near sea level to 1700 m elevation. Flowering: October–January. Fruiting: November–April. Vernacular.— Katanghan nam ( กะตั ง หั น นํ้ า ) (Kerr 9435); ka thang han bai lek (กะทังหันใบเล็ก) ((Leeratiwong 2002-32); pa-ong (ปะอง) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— Branches are used for constructing houses and boat poles (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Global Status: Least Concern (LC); Regional (Thailand) Status: Near Threatened (NT). 6. Calophyllum polyanthum Wall., Numer. List 4844. 1821, nom. nud.; Wall. ex Choisy, Descr. Guttif. Inde: 43. 1829; Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 12: 423. 1851; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér. 4, 15: 278. 1862; Bedd., Fl. Sylv. S. India 3: 22. 1871; T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 274. 1874; Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. BengaL, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43: 88. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 95. 1877; Gamble, List Trees Darjeeling Dist.: 7. 1878; W.Theob., Burma 2: 636. 1883; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: t. 6. 1889; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 555. 1893; Prain, Bengal Pl. 1: 246. 1903; Brandis, Indian Trees: 54. 1907; A.M.Cowan & Cowan, Trees N. Bengal: 17. 1929; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 121. 1925; Kanjilal et al., Fl. Assam 1:14. 1934; Sastri et al., Wealth India 2: 19. 1950; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: 144. 1960; Dutt et al., Indian Forester 100: 65. 1974; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 220. 1980; S.Gardner et al., Field Guide Forest Trees N. Thailand: 53. 2000; H.W.Li et al., Fl. China 13: 39. 2007. Type: India, Assam, Wallich 4844 (holotype G not seen (ﬁde Stevens, 1980); isotypes BM [BM000611322!], FI [FI010322!],G [G00355193!],GH [GH00067241!], K [K001104055!], P [P00526192!]). — Calophyllum smilesianum Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 85. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 122. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. IndoChine 1:270. 1943. Type: Thailand, Kerr 5792 (lectotype K [K000677427!] second step designated here – first step designated by Stevens [1980]; isolectotypes BM [BM000611353!], E!, P [P00526163!]).— Calophyllum smilesianum Craib var. luteum Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 86. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 122. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 271. 1943. Type: Thailand, Doi Pahom Pok, Kerr 5180 (lectotype K not seen, designated by Stevens [1980]; isolectotypes ABD [ABDUH:2/519!], BK!, BM [BM000611354!]). SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) — Calophyllum williamsianum Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 86. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam.1: 122. 1931; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine Suppl. 1: 270. 1943. Type: Thailand, Doi Tiu (Nan), Kerr 5038 (lectotype K! [bar code not available], designated by Stevens [1980]; isolectotypes BK [BK255126!], E [E00209520!], P [P00526164!]). Trees 6–40 m tall; dbh 150–400 cm; bole straight without buttresses; outer bark slightly ﬁssured, brown-grey/yellow; exudate the colour of clear honey. Branchlets ﬂattened, sometimes terete, brown, slightly pubescent. Leaves petioled, petiole 1.2–2.5 cm long, slightly pubescent to glabrous; blade 3–19 × 1.8–6.5 cm, round to obovate-oblong, yellow to dark brown, base attenuate to cuneate, apex acuminate to acute, lateral veins distinct on both surfaces, very slender, radiating at same points from both sides of the midrib and fading near the edges of the leaves, midrib pronounced on lower surface and faint on upper surface, depressed in channel on upper surface about ⅔ of the lamina length, brown/black on upper surface and orange/ yellow on lower surface. Inflorescence terminal and from upper leaf axils, covered in brown pubescence, pedicels 1–1.8 cm long. Floral parts tepals 8, the outer pair oval to suborbicular, 3–4 × 3–3.5 mm, dorsally grey-brown pubescent, inner ones ovate, 5–8 × 4.5–5.5 mm, dorsally slightly pubescent and densely so towards base, the next 2 with the same shape and size, ovate, 6–6.5 × 5–5.5 mm, slightly pubescent along margin towards base, yellowish-white. Stamens in fascicles, approximately 200–277 per flower; ﬁlaments 2.5–4.5 mm long; anthers 1–1.7 mm long, oblong, basally connate, orange/brown, centre of anther darker. Ovary 2–2.2 mm long; style 3.5–4 mm long; stigma peltate. Fruit ovoid to globose, 3–4 × 2–3 cm, acute to round at apex, smooth or ﬂaking at surface, green or black when ripe. Seeds 35 × 30 mm. Thailand —(Map 1.1.6): NORTHERN : Mae Hong Son [North Mae Hong Son, en route to Doi Chang, 31 May 1977, Santisuk 1148 (A, BKF)]; Chiang Mai [Doi Ka, 8 Apr. 1925, Winit 1375 (BK, BKF, K); Mae Taeng, 5 Dec. 1977, Santisuk 1491 (A, C, K, L, P); Doi Pa Kao, Apr. 1912, Kerr 2608 (BM, E, K); Mae Chaem, 9 Sept. 1912, Kerr 2691 (K); Mae Sanga Watershed Management Unit, Mae Chaem District, 6 May 2000, Sookchaloem et al. 3340 (BKF); Doi Inthanon, 26 Apr. 1931, Put 3765 (BK, BM, K, L); eastern side of Doi Inthanon, 6 175 Feb. 1998, Konta & Phengklai 4003 (BKF); Chom Thong District, Doi Hua Sua, 17 Dec. 1998, Konta et al. 4673 (BKF); Doi Tiu, 8 Mar. 1921, Kerr 5038 (ABD, BM, E, K, P); Doi Pahom Pok, Muang Fang, 1 Apr. 1921, Kerr 5180 (ABD, BK, BM, K); Doi Inthanon, Mae Cham, 19 Oct. 1988, Santisuk 6821 (BKF); Doi Inthanon NP, 27 July 1988, Phengklai et al. 7049 (BKF, C, P); ibid., 28 July 1988, Phengklai et al. 7089 (BKF); ibid., 28 July 1988, Phengklai et al. 7105 (BKF); ibid., 28 July 1988, Phengklai et al. 7155 (AAU, C, K, P); ibid., 2 Nov. 1962, Smitinand et al. 7708 (BKF); ibid., 10 Nov, 1962, Smitinand et al. 7787 7 (BKF); Doi Inthanon, Khum Mae Wang, 7 Feb. 1998, Phengklai et al. 10881 (BKF); Doi Inthanon, Doi Hua Suea, 17 Dec. 1998, Phengklai et al. 112977 (BKF); west side of Doi Inthanon NP, 6 Aug. 1988, Fukuoka T-62568 (BKF); Doi Inthanon NP, 8 Dec. 1998, Kanzaki & Kwanchai C654 (CMUB); Doi Suthep-Pui, 30 Mar. 2004, Maxwell 04-175 (CMUB); Doi Suthep NP, near Chang Khian Village, 13 June 1996, Gardner & Kopachan s245b1 (BM, CMUB); Mae Taeng, Doi Hua Chang, 19 Mar. 1990, Smitinand 90-38 (E, K, P); Forest station to the top, Doi Chang, Mae Taeng District, 23 Oct. 1979, Shimizu et al. T-20574 (A, AAU, BKF, L)]; Nan [Doi Phu Kha, Pua, 2 July 1999, Srisanga et al. 816 (QBG); ibid., 26 Feb. 1997, Pooma et al. 1446 6 (A, BKF, CMUB); ibid., 26 Sept. 2000, Srisanga 1725 (QBG); ibid., 22 Aug. 2001, Srisanga 2021 (QBG); ibid., 15 May 1992, Santisuk s.n. (BKF)]; Phitsanulok [Foothill of Phu Mieng Mountain, 27 July 1966, Larsen 938 (AAU)]; NORTH-EASTERN : Phetchabun [Thung Salaeng Luang, 16 Feb. 1968, Phengklai s.n. (BKF)]; Loei [Phu Kradung, Bunpheng 706 (BKF); Kao Keo Kang, 10 Apr. 1922, Kerr 5792 (ABD, BM, E, K, P); Khao Krading, 14 Mar. 1924, Kerr 8752 (ABD, BK, BM, E, K, P, TCD); Phu Kradung NP, 28 Nov. 1972, Smitinand 11780 (BKF)]; PENINSULAR : Chumphon [Kao Tong, 18 Jan. 1927, Kerr 11523 (A, BK, C, K, L, P)]; Trang [Khao Chong Botanical Garden, 10 Aug. 1993, Smitinand et al. 5 (BKF); Chong, 25 Jan. 1957, Smitinand 4106 6 (BKF)]. Distribution.— India to Southwestern China, Cambodia and Indonesia. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest and lower montane forest from 60 to 1950 m elevation. Flowering: January–July. Fruiting: May–February. 176 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Vernacular.— Pa-ong (พะอง) (Kerr ( 8752); khomai-do (คอไหมดอ); sa-chum-mun (ซาจุมมุน); ma haen doi (มะแหนดอย) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— Wood is used in construction and furniture making (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). pair ovate and the inner pair oblong-elliptic. Stamens approximately 50 stamens per flower; anthers 0.4–1 mm long. Ovary style 2–2.7 mm long. Fruit ovoid-globose, 8 mm diam., wrinkled, pale-yellow to green. Thailand.— (Map 1.1.7): PENINSULAR : Narathiwat [Waeng, 17 Apr. 1972, Sangkhachand et al. 10677 (BKF, C, L); Pawai, Su-ngai Padi, 17 Sept. 1987, Niyomdham & Sriboonma 1623 (BKF)]; Unknown location [Unknown collector 57479 (L)]. 7. Calophyllum rupicola Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 3(9): 278. 1893; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 182. 1922; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 346. 1956; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 168. 1973; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 515. 1980. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Pahang, Ridley 26366 (holotype SING!; isotypes BM [BM00946495!], K!). Ecology and phenology.— Peat swamp forest, evergreen forest from near sea level to 270 m elevation. Flowering: October–November. Fruiting: December–April. — Calophyllum rupicola Ridl. variety?: M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 347, pl. 27. 1956, pro parte [not validly published as it is not accepted by the authors and is not given a name; see McNeill et al. 2012,- Art. 36.1] Conservation.— IUCN: Regional (Thailand) Status: Critically Endangered (CR). — Calophyllum rupicola Ridl. var. elatum Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26: 270. 1973, pro parte, typo haud excluso; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 168. 1973, pro parte. Type: ? Malaysia, FRIM 2538 [K000677416, L0012089, L0012090, SING0055128] is Calophyllum tetrapterum var tetrapterum. Trees 10–35 m tall; dbh 30 cm; without buttresses; outer bark thin, rough with small ﬁssures greyish-brown, inner bark pink; exudate milkyyellow (opaque-whitish), sticky. Branchlets terete to quadrangular, smooth though striations present on some specimens, glabrous, brown to red/brown, scars absent. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.4–0.9 cm long, blade 5.2–15 × 2.2–3.6 cm, elliptic to ellipticlanceolate to obovate-oval, approximately half of leaves glaucous and other half coriaceous, shiny, base narrowly tapering, apex bluntly acute to rounded to slightly cuspidate; midrib prominent on both surfaces though fades and disappears near apex (approximately 10–20 cm from apex) on some specimens, varies from light yellow/green to red/ brown on both surfaces, secondary veins present on both surfaces, on upper surface some leaves show fading of venation at/near edges of leaves. Inflorescence axillary, pedicels 0.3–0.8 cm long, slender, glabrous. Floral parts tepals 4, the outer Distribution.— Northeast Malaya to Sumatra. Vernacular.— Tang hon nam (ตังหนนํา้ ) (Sangkaew, 1999); tang hon bai lek (ตังหนใบเล็ก) (Niyomdham & Sriboonma 1623) 8. Calophyllum sclerophyllum Vesque, Epharmosis 2: t. 33. 1889; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 587. 1893; Merr., Bibliogr. Enum. Born. Pl.: 394. 1921; Masam., Enum. Phan. Born.: 476. 1942; Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 3. 1: 1085. 1950; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 324. 1956; J.A.R. Anderson, Gard. Bull. Singapore 20: 154. 1963; Pukol & Ashton, Checkl. Brunei Trees: 93. 1964; Ashton, Oxford Forest Mem. 25: pl. 32. 1964; Smythies, Common Sarawak Trees 64: pl. 22. 1965; Kochummen, Malayan Forest Rec. 2(17): 214. 1965; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 191. 1973; J.A.R. Anderson, Trees Peat Swamp Sarawak: 88. 1973; Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore Suppl. 1: 105. 1978; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 447. 1980. Type: Borneo, Sarawak, Beccari PB 2705 (holotype O not seen; isotypes FI [FI007648!], K! [K000380015!], M not seen, P not seen). — Calophyllum rhizophorum Boerl. & Koord. in Koord.-Schum., Syst. Verz. 2: 40. 1911; J.A.R Anderson, Trees Peat Swamp Sarawak, ﬁg. 26C. 1973. Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Koorders 10333 (holotype BO not seen). — Calophyllum subluridum Wyatt-Sm., Malayan Forest Rec. 17: 113. 1952; nom. nud. SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) — Calophyllum teysmannii Miq. var. inophylloide auct. non (King) P.F.Stevens: Phengklai & C. Niyomdham, Flora in Peat Swamp Areas of Narathiwat, 196. ﬁg. 108. 1991. Trees 20–45 m tall; dbh up to 300 cm; outer bark shallowly ﬁssured, scaly pale green to light brown, inner bark ﬁssured, soft, pink to red or dark orange; exudate the colour of clear honey. Branchlets sturdy, thick, terete, dark brown to black, pubescent, waxy or glabrous, striations and scars present. Leaves petioled, petiole 1.9–2.8 cm long; blade 6.2–16.7 × 3.1–7.9 cm, obovate, oval or rotund, thickly coriaceous, base cuneate to slightly attenuate, apex blunt or mainly retuse; midrib prominent on both surfaces, fading towards apex on upper surface for approximately 2/3 of lamina length, dark brown to black abaxially and light tan to dark brown adaxially, both secondary veins and intramarginal veins present and very prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescence axillary racemes, pedicels up to 3 cm long, 9–11 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence. Floral parts tepals 8, the outer pair orbicular to suborbicular, dorsally brown pubescent, the next pair orbicular to suborbicular, the next two pairs obovate. Stamens 200–360 per ﬂower; anthers 1.3–1.8 mm long. Ovary style 4.5–6.5 mm long. Fruit ovoid to rotund with acute or round apex, 2.4 × 1.6 cm;, surface very ﬁnely wrinkled, drying dull reddish brown to almost black. Thailand.— (Map 1.1.8): PENINSULAR : Narathiwat [Bang Kuntang, Tak Bai, 7 July 1983, Niyomdham 654 (BKF); Pa Ye, Su-ngai Padi, 14 Apr. 1988, Niyomdham & Ueachirakan 1815 (BKF); Bang Nara, 22 Aug. 1973, Smitinand 11960 (BKF)] Distribution.— Malay Peninsula to Borneo excluding Java. Ecology and phenology.— Peat Swamp Forest at near Sea Level. Flowering: July–August. Fruiting: (April) August–December. Vernacular.— Ya-kang (ยะกัง); kra thing phru (กระทิงพรุ) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— A good timber species used in general construction (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Critically Endangered (CR). 177 9. Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f. ,Fl. Ind.: 121. 1768; F.Muell., J. Roy. Soc. New S. Wales 24: 174. 1890; F.Muell., Bot. Centralbl. 44: 29. 1891; Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. : 371. 1917; Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 19: 366. 1921; Merr., Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3: 81. 1923; Holthius, Blumea 5: 214. 1942; Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ind.-Ned. ed. 3. 1: 1085. 1950; Sastri et al., Wealth India 2: 20. 1950, pro parte; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 319. 1956; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: 142. 1960; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 386. 1963; Whitmore, Guide Forests Brit. Solomon Is.: 77. 1966; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penin. 2(1): 416. 1966; Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 15. 1967; Meijer, Bot. News Bull. Forest Dept., Sabah 7: 16. 1967; Pham, Cây-Có Mièn Nam Viet-Nam. 2(2): 300. ﬁg. 1970; Foreman, Check List Vasc. Pl. Bougainville: 42. 1971; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2; 192. 1973; T.G.Hartley et al., Lloydia 36: 276. 1973; P.F.Stevens, Austral. J. Bot. 22: 399. 1974; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 175. 1976; H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 28: 245. 1976; Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore Suppl. 1:105. 1978; Perry, Med. Pl. E. SE. Asia, 174. 1980; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 277. 1980. Type: Indonesia, Java, Burman s.n. (holotype: G [G00032034!]). — Calophyllum lanceolatum Warb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 381. 1891; nom. illeg, ≡ Calophyllum warburgii Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfamilien 3(6): 221. 1893; Lauterb., Nova Guinea Bot. 8: 843. 1912; Lauterb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 13. 1922; A.C.Sm., J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 345. 1941, pro majore parte. Type: Indonesia, Kei Inseln, Warburg 20048 (lectotype: US [US00114158!], designated here; isolectotypes: A [A00067341!, A00067342!], MICH [MICH1115518!], LAE not seen). — Calophyllum hibbardii Elmer, Leaﬂ. Philipp. Bot. 2: 503. 1908. Type: Philippine Islands, Elmer 9837 (lectotype L [L0011778!], designated here; isolectotypes A [A00067335!], BM [BM000611478!], BO not seen, E [E00346383!], F [F0057186F!], FI [FI010315!], G not seen, HBG [HBG517738!], K [K000677476!], LY not seen, MO not seen, NY [NY00072325!], US not seen, W not seen). — Calophyllum paludosum C.T.White, J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 98. 1950; Whitmore, Guide Forests Brit. Solomon Is. 77. 1966; Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 14. 1967. Type: Solomon Islands, 178 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Map 1.1.5 Distribution of Calophyllum pisiferum in Thailand. Map 1.1.6 Distribution of Calophyllum polyanthum in Thailand. Map 1.1.7 Distribution of Calophyllum rupicola in Thailand. Map 1.1.8 Distribution of Calophyllum sclerophyllum in Thailand. SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) BSIP (Walker & White) 192 (holotype BRI [BRIAQ0340217!]; isotypes A [A00067323!], CANB [CANB189036!], K [K00038002!], LAE not seen, MEL [MEL75509!]). — Calophyllum wallichianum auct. non Planch. & Triana: Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45:119. 1876; Theobald, Burma 2: 637. 1883; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: 146. 1960. Trees 10–20 m tall; dbh up to 30 cm; bole straight, with/without buttresses, if present, small; outer bark shallowly ﬁssured, almost smooth, light brown, heartwood dark brown; exudate white. Branchlets ﬂattened, with reddish-brown pubescence, internodes 3–10cm long. Leaves petioled, petiole 1.1–2.3 cm long; blade 6–30 × 3–7.5 cm, oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate, coriaceous, yellow-brown, sparsely hairy to almost glabrous, base cuneate to slightly acute, apex acute to acuminate; venationn very obvious, arising at same point from both sides of the midrib, midrib wider and more apparent on lower surface, depressed in channel on upper surface for about ½ of lamina length, dark green above and pale green underneath, immature leaves with light brown midribs. Inflorescence axillary, in cymes, sometimes appearing paniculate, 11–29 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence, covered with brown pubescence, pedicels 1–3 cm long. Floral parts tepals 4, the outer pair oval to suborbicular, 3–4.5 × 4.5–5 mm, glabrous or slightly pubescent at margin, inner ones obovate, 5–6.5 × 5–6 mm, glabrous or slightly pubescent at margin, tepals, ﬁlaments and style white. Stamens in fascicles, 59–97 stamens per ﬂower; ﬁlaments 3–5 mm long; anthers 1–2.6 mm long, white or yellow. Ovary 2–2.5 mm long; style 3–5 mm long. Fruit ovoid to spherical, 0.8–1 × 0.7–1 cm, round at apex, stalk 2–2.9 cm long, purple to black. Thailand — (Map 1.1.9): SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi [Thung Phra Ruesi, 5 May 1992, Smitinand 255 (BKF)]; PENINSULAR: Chumphon [Bang Son, 13 Mar. 1928, Put 1562 (BK, BM, K); Tongtapai Sara, 13 Apr. 1967, Sutheesoen 2204 (BKF)]; Krabi [Khao Pra-Bang Khram Wildlife Sanctuary, 14 Jan. 2006, Maxwell s.n. (CMUB)]; Nakhon Si Thammarat [Phrom Lok Falls, Khao Luang NP, Phrom Khiri District, 24 Feb. 1987, Maxwell 87-194 (A, BKF, L, P, PSU)]; Phatthalung [Tamot Falls NP, Tamot, 9 Aug. 1986, Maxwell 865466 (A, AAU, BKF, L, PSU)]; Trang [Bangsak, 19 Apr. 1930, Kerr 19035 (A, BK, BM, K, L, P)]; Satun 179 [Tarutao Island, Talo-Oo-Dang, 27 Apr. 1981, Congdon 1261 (A, AAU, PSU)]; Songkhla [Ton Nga Chang Reserve, Hat Yai, 27 Aug. 1981, Sirirugsa 442 (PSU); ibid., 2 Aug. 1985, Maxwell 85-7666 (A, AAU, BKF, L, PSU)] Distribution.— Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia to Australia. Ecology and phenology.— Primary evergreen forest, by water, peat swamp area, found on granitic bedrock from 50 to 500 m elevation. Flowering: March–October. Fruiting: all year. Vernacular.— Tang hon loko (ตังหนโละโกะ) ((Kerr 19035); tang hon bai yai (ตังหนใบใหญ) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— Used for masts and spars and in house construction (Stevens ,1980). Conservation.— IUCN Global Status: Least Concern (LC); Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 10. Calophyllum symingtonianum M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 338. pl. 18. 1956; Kochummen, Malayan Forest Rec. 2(17): 222. 1965; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 192. 1973; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 229. 1980. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Pahang, Nur SFN 32633 (holotype SING [SING0055134!]; isotypes A [A00067289!], K [K000677413!], KEP not seen, L [L0012087!], MO not seen, P!, S [S11-34387!], UC not seen, US [US00114173!]). Trees to 40 m tall; up to dbh 300 cm; without buttresses; outer bark ﬁssured, rough, greyish-brown to yellowish-brown, inner bark pink; exudate the colour of clear honey, sticky. Branchlets terete, glabrous, smooth, thin, dark brown to greyish. Leaves petioled, petiole 1–1.3 cm long; blade, 6.3–9.4 × 2.4–3 cm, elliptic to lanceolate, slightly coriaceous, smooth, green to red/brown, base tapering to acute, apex acuminate; midrib discrete on both surfaces, slightly more prominent on lower surface, light green to brown on upper surface and pale green to yellow on lower surface, secondary veins present, arising from same points on both sides of the midrib, Inﬂorescence terminal and from upper leaf axils, some with pale brown pubescence. Floral parts tepals 8; outer pair of tepals dorsally glabrous or (occasionally) dorsally slightly pubescent towards 180 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 base. Stamens 46–70 per ﬂower. Fruit ellipsoid to slightly obovoid, apex acute to round, 2.5 cm long, glabrous and wrinkled, dull reddish brown to dark purple when dry. Thailand.— (Map 1.1.10): Trang, Songkhla, Yala (locations taken from Sangkaew, 1999), Unknown location [No collector name or number (BKF)]. Distribution.— Malay Peninsula. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest from 460 m elevation. Flowering: unrecorded. Fruiting: February–April. Vernacular.— Tang hon (ตังหน) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— Hard wood used to build houses (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Data Deﬁcient (DD). 11. Calophyllum tetrapterum Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 291. 1854; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 505. 1980. Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Junghuhn s.n. (holotype U!; isotypes BO!, L!). — Calophyllum bancanum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 1(3): 499. 1861; Kurz, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 27: 192. 1864; F.Muell. in Walp. Ann. Syst. Bot. 7: 357. 1868; Scheﬀer, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 31: 354. 1870, 32: 405. 1873. Type: Indoneaia, Bangka, Teysmann HB 3214 (holotype U [U0002361!]; isotypesBO not seen, K [K0006774557!], L [L0012098!]). — Calophyllum gracile Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 1(3): 498. 1861; F.Muell. in Walp. Ann. Syst. Bot. 7: 357. 1868.— Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall ex. Choisy var. gracile (Miq.) Boerl., Cat. Hort. Bogor. 2:82. 1901. Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Teysmann HB 649 (holotype U; isotypes BO not seen, K [K000677459!], L!, MEL not seen). — Calophyllum floribundum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 272. 1874; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 175. 1890; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1:184. 1922; M.R.Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 4:224. 1928; M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 332. pl.16. 1956; Smythies, Common Sarawak Trees 61. 1965; Kochummen, Malayan Forest Rec. 2(17): 215. 1965; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penin. Ed. 2. 1: 412. 1966; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 180. 1973; Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore, Suppl. 1: 104. 1878. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Maingay 16600 (lectotype K [K000199894!], designated by Stevens [1980]). — Calophyllum prainianum King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 175. 1890; Vesque in DC Monogr. Phan. 8: 550. 1893; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 183. 1922. Types: Malaya, Perak, Larut, King’s Collector [Kunstler] 5366 (syntypes BM [BM000946498!], FI not seen, G not seen, K!, P [P01900949!], UC not seen), King’s Collector [Kunstler] 7243 (syntypes BM [BM000946496!], FI not seen, K [K000677415!], L [L0012091!], P!). — Calophyllum venustum King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59: 180. 1890; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 549. 1893; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 186. 1922. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Perak, Larut, King’s Collector [Kunstler] 7763 (lectotype L [L0012092!], designated here; isolectotypes FI not seen, G not seen, K [K000677414!]). — Calophyllum foetidum Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 54: 18. 1910; Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 186. 1922. Type: Singapore, Ridley 11958 (lectotype SING [SING0055098!], designated by Stevens [1980]: isolectotypes BM!, K!). — Calophyllum lanceola Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82:170. 1920; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 82. 1922. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Ridley 5751 (holotype SING!). — Calophyllum rupicola Ridl. var. elatum Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26: 270. 1973; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 169. 1973. Type: Malaya, Malacca, Kelantan, FRII (Kochummen) 2538 (holotype KEP not seen, isotypes K [K000677416!], L [L0012089!, L0012090!], SING [SING0055114!]). — Calophyllum globuliferum Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 121. 1938. Type: Indonesia, Borneo, Kalimantan, Bangarmassing, Motley 618 (holotype K [K000380016!]). — Calophyllum dryobalanoides auct. non Pierre: Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 120. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine, 1: 274. 1943, pro parte. — Calophyllum pulcherrimum auct. non Wall. ex Choisy: T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 271. 1874; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: pl. 104A. 1885, pro parte; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: t. 21. 1889; SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 570. 1893, pro parte; Curtis, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 25: 78. 1894; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 321. 1910; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 182. 1922, pro parte; Burkill & M.R.Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 3: 347. 1925; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 121. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 274. 1943; Pham & Nguyên, Cây-Có Mièn Nam VietNam, 179. 1960; Pham, Cây-Có Mièn Nam VietNam. 2(2): 301. ﬁg. 1970. Trees to 25 m tall; dbh 30 cm; bole straight, with or without small buttresses; outer bark coarsely but shallowly ﬁssured or smooth, grey-brown to dark grey-black, inner bark soft, pink; exudate the colour of clear honey. Branchlets terete to ﬂattened, slender, glabrous, internode, 1–3 cm long, brown/red/grey. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long; blade 3.5–13.2 × 1.4–4 cm, obovate to elliptic, slightly glaucous, red-brown, some green/yellow and concave adaxially, convex abaxially, coriaceous, base cuneate to attenuate, apex acute to acuminate, midrib not very pronounced on either surface, depressed in channel about ½ of lamina length on upper surface, underside raised, secondary veins present, prominent on both surfaces, dense, arising roughly from the same place on both sides of the midrib, spacing of veins varies from leaf to leaf, approximately 6–17 veins per 0.5 cm, intramarginal veins absent. Inflorescence axillary, 3–11 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence, covered with brown pubescence, pedicels 0.5–2.5 cm long. Floral parts tepals (4–)8, sometimes 5, 6, 7 or 8, outer pair ovate, oval to suborbicular, 3–5 × 3–4 mm, glabrous to slightly pubescent along margin and apex, next pair obovate or ligulate, 4–8 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, the next 2 pairs obovate to spathulate, 5–7 × 2–3 mm, or the innermostt ones oblong-oblanceolate, 5–6 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous. Stamens in fascicles, 36–86 stamens per ﬂower, ﬁlaments, 2–5 mm long, anthers, 1–1.3 mm long, oblong or elliptic-oblong. Ovary 1–2 mm long; style 2–4.5 mm long. Fruit ovoid-globose, 0.6–1 × 0.5–0.8 cm, acute to round at apex, dark green when ripe. Thailand.— (Map 1.1.11): SOUTH-EASTERN: Trat [Ko Chang, Jungle at Khlong Non Si, 14 Feb. 1900, Schmidt 528 (C, K); Khao Saming, 26 Jan. 1927, Put 567 (BK, K, L); Ko Chang, Khlong Mayom, 22 Feb. 1900, Schmidt 603a (C, K); Khlong Non Si, Ko Chang, 26 Sept. 1924, Kerr 9175 (A, BK, C, E, K, L, P)]; PENINSULAR: Chumphon [Khao 181 7 (BK)]; Kaeom, Sawi, 14 Apr. 1967, Sutheesoen 2227 Ranong [Khuraburi, Ko Phra Thong, 4 Apr. 2003, Phengklai et al. 13729 (BKF)]; Surat Thani [Khao Kaup, 25 Dec. 1929, Kerr 17772 (BK, BM, K, L)]; Krabi [Khao Pra-Bang Khram Wildlife Sanctuary, 17 Jan. 2006, Maxwell 06-655 (CMUB); ibid., 25 Mar. 2006, Maxwell 06-201 (CMUB)]; Ao Luek, 15 Mar. 1930, Kerr 185677 (A, BK, BM, C, K, P); Trang [Khao Chong, 30 Apr. 1969, Phusomsaeng & Smitinand 240 (AAU); Khlong Mayom, Salak Khok, Ko Chang, 6 Apr. 1923, Kerr 6930 (BKF, K)]; Satun [Rawi Island, 15 June 1980, Congdon 631 (A); Tarutao NP at waterfall above Choe-lae Village east side of Adang, 19 Oct. 1980, Congdon 951 (AAU, PSU); Tarutao, 20 Jan. 1928, Kerr 14213 (BK, BM, C, K, L, P)]; Songkhla [Ton Nga Chang Reserve, Hat Yai, 30 July 1983, Srirugsa 592 (PSU); ibid., 10 Jan. 1984, Srirugsa 7377 (PSU); ibid., 18 Apr. 1985, Maxwell 85-417 7 (A, AAU, BKF, E, L, PSU)]; Khlong Hoi Khong, Hat Yai, Maxwell 85-65 (P); Narathiwat [Waeng, 30 June 1972, Nitrasirirak 206 (BKF); Bala-Hala, Waeng, 3 May 1997, Puudjaa 573 (BKF); Waeng, Sangkhachand et al. 1067 (C)]; Unknown location [Hui Tonpong, 25 Mar. 1920, Punyabukkana 874 (ABD, BKF, K)]. Distribution.— Cambodia, Vietnam, Malay Peninsula to Indonesia excluding Java. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, tropical rainforest, water areas, peat areas, savannah from near Sea Level to 700 m elevation. Flowering: all year. Fruiting: January–May (October). Vernacular.— Tang hon (ตังหน) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— Young leaves are eaten as a vegetable (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Global & Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 12. Calophyllum teysmannii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 1(3): 499. 1861; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 431. 1980. Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Teysmann HB 650 (holotype U [U0002364!]; isotypes BO not seen, L [L0012088!], P [P01900948!]). — Calophyllum intramarginale M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 342, pl. 22. 1956. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Moysey & Kiah SFN 31900 (holotype SING [SING0055110!]; isotypes A [A00067279!], K!, KEP not seen). 182 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 — Calophyllum inophylloide King var. singapurense M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm., Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 316, pl. 9. 1956; Kochummen, Malayan Forest Rec. 2(17): 215. 1965; Smythies, Common Sarawak Trees, 61. 1965; Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26: 270. 1973; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 186. 1973; Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore Suppl. 1: 104. 1978. Type: Singapore, Corner SFN 32518 (holotype SING [SING0055108!]; isotypes K [K000199910!], KEP not seen). Trees 5–35 m tall; dbh 95 cm; bole straight, small buttresses sometimes present, if present up to 70 cm tall; outer bark shallowly ﬁssured and scaly, greyish-brown to dark brown, inner bark orangebrown to black; exudate the colour of clear honey. Branchlets ﬂattened, slender; with brown or black pubescence, waxy or glabrous, internodes 0.5–3.5 cm long. Leaves petioled, petioles 3–12 mm long; blade 3.5–9 × 1.5–4.5 cm, elliptic-oblong or obovate, otherwise oblong-lanceolate to obovate, concave adaxially, convex abaxially, coriaceous, red-brown to khaki green, base acute to cuneate, apex acute to retuse, midrib depressed in channel on upper surface about ⅓ of lamina length, underside raised, lateral veins on both surfaces distinct but sometimes obscure, 6–10 veins per 0.5 cm, intramarginal veins present. Inflorescence racemes, 3–11 ﬂowers per inﬂorescence, usually glabrous but sometimes covered with brown pubescence, pedicels 0.5–4.3 cm long. Floral parts tepals 8, the outer pair oval to suborbicular, 4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, glabrous or slightly pubescent at margin, next pair elliptic, next ones obovate, inner ones ovate to suborbicular, all 5–8 × 5.5–7 mm, glabrous or slightly pubescentt at margin, white to pale yellow, green in bud. Stamens in fascicles, 65–212 stamens per ﬂower; ﬁlaments, 3–4.5 mm long, white; anthers, 1–1.5 mm long, yellow. Ovary 1–2.5 mm long; style 2–5 mm long, white, stigma peltate. Fruit ellipsoid to subglobose, 2–2.5 × 1.8–2 cm, apex acute to round, striate to smooth, yellow-green to pale brown when ripe. Thailand.— (Map 1.1.12): PENINSULAR : Narathiwat [Pa Ye, Su-ngai Padi, 14 Apr. 1988, Niyomdham & Ueachirakan 1815 (AAU, C, E, K, L, P); Pha Khluai, Sukhirin, 17 Apr. 1996, Niyomdham & Puudjaa 4717 7 (BKF); Khao Nakharat, Sukhirin, 20 Oct. 1996, Niyomdham 48366 (BKF); Phru Khok Ka La, 18 Aug. 1997, Niyomdham et al. 5127 7 (AAU, BKF); To Daeng, Aug. 1993, Niyomdham s.n. (BKF)]. Distribution.—Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia. Ecology and phenology.— Peat Swamp Forest from near sea level to 250 m elevation. Flowering: April–August. (October). Fruiting: (April) July– August. Vernacular.— Tang hon bai neep (ตังหนใบหนีบ) (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Critically Endangered (CR). 13. Calophyllum thorelii Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: t. 103. 1885; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 601. 1893; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 322. 1910; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 122. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Fl. Suppl. Indo-Chine 1: 269. 1943; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 218. 1980. Type: Cochinchine (Vietnam), Pierre 34 (lectotype P [P01900945!], second step designated here; ﬁrst step designated by Stevens [1980]; isolectotypes A [A00067243!], BM [BM000611352!], K [K000677428!], P [P01900946 !, P01900947 !]). — Calophyllum thorelii Pierre var. oxycarpum Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1:270. 1943; nom. inval. Trees to 30 m tall; dbh up to 35 cm; outer bark deeply ﬁssured, brownish-yellow, inner bark (slashmark) pink to reddish-brown; exudate the colour of clear honey. Branchlets terete, smooth, light to dark red-brown, longitudinally ridged, scars present. Leaves petioled, petioles 2.2–3 cm long, blade elliptic to oblanceolate, occasionally oblong, 8.1–15 × 2.9–4.8 cm, strongly coriaceous, green to light dull brown adaxially, yellow to tan abaxially, base cuneate to gradually tapering, apex cuspidate, occasionally acute, leaf edges curling when dry, midrib depressed and glaucous adaxially, very prominent and yellowtan abaxially, secondary and intramarginal veins present, prominent on both surfaces, 0.8 mm apart, arising from same points on opposite sides of the midrib. Inflorescence terminal and from upper leaf axils. Floral parts tepals 8, outer pair ovate to oval, dorsally pubescent, next pair ovate to obovate-oblong, next 2 pairs obovate to elliptic-oblong. Stamens 124–178 per flower. Fruit spherical to ellipsoid, 1.8–2.8 × 1.2–2 cm, light green to purple, stringy ﬁbres present inside fruit. SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Map 1.1.9 Distribution of Calophyllum soulattri in Thailand. 183 Map 1.1.10 Distribution of Calophyllum symingtonianum in Thailand. Map 1.1.11 Distribution of Calophyllum tetrapterum in Thailand. Map 1.1.12 Distribution of Calophyllum teysmannii in Thailand. 184 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Thailand.— (Map 1.1.13): NORTHERN : Lampang [Mt. Salor, 29 Oct. 1925, Winit 1492 (BK)]; Nakhon Sawan [Nakawn Tai, 11 Apr. 1922, Kerr 58166 (BK)]; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima [Kao Lam, Kanat, 14 Jan. 1925, Kerr 9978 (BK); ibid., 14 Jan. 1925, Kerr 9979 (BK)]; CENTRAL: Saraburi [Sam Lan, no date, Geesink et al. 6800 (BKF); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri [Nong Ta Yu, Sri Racha Forest, 12 Jan. 1926, Collins 1127 7 (C, K, L); Phra Chedi Mountains, Sri Racha District, 6 Mar. 1975, Maxwell 75-210 0 (AAU, BK, L)]; Chanthaburi [at Chanthaburi River on path leading to Prachadu Hill, Feb. 1916, Collins 563 (ABD, BM, K); Laem Sing, 23 Nov. 1924, Kerr 9368 (BK, C, K, L, P); Khao Sabap, Chanthabun, 5 Dec. 1924, Kerr 9556 (A, BK, C, K, L, P)]; Trat [Ko Chang Island, Ao Ong Kang, 7 May 1974, Geesink et al. 6579 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L, P); Ko Chang, 7 May 1974, Maxwell 74-404 (AAU, BK)]; Unknown locations [Winit 1751 (BK)]. Distribution.— Vietnam. Ecology and phenology.— Rocky deciduous forest, evergreen forest, bamboo jungle from 30 to 400 m elevation. Flowering: October–January. Fruiting: December–May. Vernacular.— Kang han (กังหัน); ka thang han (กะทังหัน) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— Wood is used for construction and the fruits are edible. The flowers are very fragrant (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Near Threatened (NT). 14. Calophyllum touranense Gagnep. ex P.F.Stevens in J. Arnold Arbor. 61: 226. 1980. Type: Indochina (Vietnam), Clemens & Clemens 4162 (holotype A [A00067245!]; isotypes K [K000677429!], NY [NY00066984!], P [P01900942!]).— C. touranense Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 271. 1943, nom. inval. (description in French only); Phạm-hoàng Hộ, Câycỏ Việtnam, 1(1): 573 1588, 1991. Trees 7–25 m tall; dbh 100 cm; outer bark whitish-grey or brownish-yellow, deeply ﬁssured, inner bark (slash-mark) red; exudate colour of clear honey. Branchlets terete ﬂaking, rough to smooth to pubescent, scars present, grey-brown to red-brown. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.9–1.9 cm long, light tan to brown on lower surface and brown to red on upper surface; blade 5.4–16 × 2.5–5.5 cm, lanceolate, elliptic, ovate to oval, glabrous, brown to red to olivaceous coriaceous, some slightly glaucous, base aequilateral to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, midrib inconspicuous on both surfaces but more prominent abaxially, wider at base, gradually narrowing towards apex, abaxially almost rectangular and raised approximately 0.1–0.3 mm above surface, secondary veins present and weakly prominent on both surfaces, intramarginal veins present. Inflorescence terminal, from upper leaf axils and from adjacent foliate axils, pedicels 0.3–0.6 cm long. Floral parts tepals (8)9–13, outer pair suborbicular, dorsally pubescent, the next pair suborbicular, the inner pair elliptic. Stamens approximately 400; ﬁlaments up to 4 mm long; anthers oblong. Ovary approximately 1.5(–3) mm long; style (3(–5) mm long. Fruit spherical to globose, 2.5–4 × 1.5–2.2 cm, round at apex; wrinkled with longitudinal striations, purple/red to black when dry; greenish brown when ripe. Thailand.— (Map 1.1.14): NORTH-EASTERN: Phetchabun [Thung Salaeng Luang, 12 Dec. 1993, Pooma 728 (BKF)]; Nakhon Phanom [Phu Lankha, 16 Dec. 1968, T.P. 1951 (BKF)]; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima [Khao Yai NP, Khao Khieo, 18 Oct. 1969, van Beusekom & Charoenphol 1724 (A, BKF, C, K, L, P); Khao Yai NP, Khao Laem, 19 Oct. 1969, van Beusekom & Charoenphol 1765 (BKF, L); Khao Yai NP, 19 Nov. 1962, Smitinand & Robbins 7913 (BKF); Khao Rom, Khao Yai, 3 Dec. 1983, Fukuoka & Ito T-346377 (BKF); Khao Yai NP, 8 Sept. 1979, Santisuk s.n. (BKF)]; Unknown locations [17 Dec. 1968, C.P. 1957 (BKF); 11 Sept. 1938, Poilane 277/9 (27719?) (BKF); Santisuk s.n. (BKF)]. Distribution.— Vietnam. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, montane forest, rocky or stony ground from 650 to 1500 m elevation. Flowering: January–March (October). Fruiting: February–June and September– October. Vernacular.— Tang hon khao ( ตั ง หนเขา ) (Sangkaew, 1999). Uses.— Used in house construction (Sangkaew, 1999). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) 2. KAYEA Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 5. 1832; Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot.: 129. 1840; Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 51. 1858; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Sér. 4, 15: 296. 1861; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1: 176. 1862; T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 276. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 96. 1877; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. 3(6): 222. 1895; Brandis, Indian Trees: 56. 1907; Pit., Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 325. 1910; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 188. 1922. Type species: Kayea floribunda Wall. Trees or shrubs; glabrous. Leaves opposite, blade lanceolate, coriaceous; veins distant, not 185 prominent. Inflorescences solitary and large, or in terminal or axillary panicles and small. Calyx sepals 4, imbricate. Corolla petals 4, imbricate, white or pink. Stamens numerous; ﬁlaments basally connate or free; anthers small; dehiscence vertical. Ovary 1-celled; ovules 4 (rarely 8); style slender; stigmas narrow, 4-ﬁd. Fruit ﬂeshy, indehiscent, 1–4 seeded, enclosed in enlarged calyx (in majority of species). Seeds thick, testa thin, woody. Distribution.— 75 species in tropical Asia: Borneo, Myanmar, Cambodia, Ceylon, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines; 3 species in Thailand. K EY TO THE SPECIES 1. Inﬂorescence not solitary, axillary or terminal, usually paniculate; fruit globose 1. Inﬂorescence solitary, axillary or terminal; fruit not globose 2. Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, <5 cm long, with persistent calyx; leaf apex acuminate to cuspidate 2. Fruit ellipsoid, >7 cm long, with or without persistent calyx; leaf apex long caudate 2. K. ferruginea 3. K. kunstleri 1. K. elegans 1. Kayea elegans King, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 183. 1890; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 622. 1893. ≡ Mesua elegans (King) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: 427. 1969; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 162–236. 1973; Turner, Gard. Bull. Singapore 47: 264. 1995. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Larut, Perak, King’s Collector 7346 6 (lectotype K [K000677315!], designated here; isolectotypes BM [BM000611304!], BO not seen, GH!). axillary or terminal, ca 10 mm diam.,pedicel up to 10 cm long with several ovate-acute bracts at its base. Calyx sepals equal, coriaceous. Corolla petals oblong, acute, smallerr than sepals, white. Ovaryy ovoid, attenuate. Fruit ellipsoid and tapering into a stout beak, surface smooth with ridges at 4 corners, 7.5–8.2 × 2.7–3.8 cm, ochrish grey, endocarp thin. Seeds 3–6, oblong to round to almost square, covered in a thin paper-like layer inside fruit, black. — Kayea caudata King in J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 183; 1890; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan.7: 621. 1893. Type: Malaya, Malacca, Perak, King’s Collector 7937 7 (holotype K [K000677312!]). Thailand.— (Map 1.2.1): PENINSULAR: Ranong [Khlong Kam Phuan, 26 Apr. 1973, Geesink & Santisuk 4950 (AAU, BKF, L, P)]). Trees 12–18 m tall; outer bark and inner bark red. Branchlets drooping, slender, thin, terete, scarring present, yellow/brown/grey; exudate not recorded. Leaves petioled, petioles 0.4–0.7 cm long; blade 5.6–9.9 × 1.6–2.6 cm, oblong to elliptic to lanceolate in shape, base cuneate, some almost angustate, apex long caudate, apex length 1.3–2 cm long, upper and lower surfaces glaucous, some slightly coriaceous, rigid, some undulate, midrib pale yellow and depressed on upper surface, yellow-tan and slightly prominent on lower surface (almost depressed); veins visible, no intramarginal veins present, very faint on upper surface, veins not arising at same point on opposite side of midrib. Inflorescence solitary, Ecologyy and phenology.— Evergreen forest from 450 to 600 m elevation. Flowering: approximately March. Fruiting: approximately April. Distribution.— Malay Peninsula, Singapore. Conservation.— IUCN: Global Status: Least Concern (LC); Regional (Thailand) Status: Critically Endangered (CR). 2. Kayea ferruginea Pierre, Fl. Cochinch. t. 99. 1889; Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 54, 21. 1897; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 326. 1910; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 189–190. 1922; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 276. 1943. ≡ Mesua ferruginea (Pierre) Kosterm., 186 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Reinwardtia 6: 427.1969; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 230. 1973; Turner, Gard. Bull. Singapore 47: 264. 1995. Type: Vietnam, Pierre 1050 (lectotype K [K000677333!] , designated here; isolectotypes A [A00067758!], GH!, K!, NY [NY00075970!], P!). Syntype: Vietnam, Pierre 4564 (P!). Trees or shrubs 8–12 m tall; dbh 25 cm; outer bark grey-brown, smooth to scaly, inner bark pink to red, exudate not recorded. Branchlets green/grey/ brown/black, smooth to slightly ﬂaking, scars present, round. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.7–1.1 cm long, bronze to green/yellow; midrib very pronounced on lower surface, very depressed in channel on upper surface; blade 5–14.7 × 2.1–4.6 cm, elliptic to lanceolate, coriaceous to smooth, with a slight shine to glaucous and dull, base cuneate, apex acute, some acuminate, secondary veins approximately 16 on each side of blade, 10–14 mm apart, intersecondary veins present, tertiary veins dense and intramarginal veins present, all very faint and ﬁne. Inflorescence paniculate, pedicel up to 3 cm long, forming a rounded ball of small spheres, approximately 15 clustered together at terminal point, each ca 1.5 cm long, usually 3–5 flowers clustered in leaf-axils. Calyx sepals persistent, in 2 opposite pairs. Corolla petals acute, oblong, imbricate, white. Stamens in ffascicles, numerous, anther & ﬁlament approximately 2.5 mm long, anthers orange/yellow. Ovary with long single style protruding. Fruit globose, with acute tip, 3–3.5 × 2.5–3.5 cm, texture rough, brown, pedicel 3 mm long, enlarged calyx surrounding the fruits. Seeds 1. Thailand.— (Map 1.2.2): PENINSULAR: Surat Thani [Bang Yai River Street, 4 June 1966, Sakol 1018 (BK); Ban Duara, Sept. 1924, Bourke 2501 (BK, K)]; Narathiwat [Tak Bai, 29 Apr. 1984, Niyomdham 778 (BKF, P); Tak Bai, Ban Khunthong, 29 Apr. 1984, Niyomdham 810 (BKF, K, P)]. Distribution.— Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Singapore. Ecology and phenology.— Common along rivers and streams, near sea level. Flowering: March–June. Vernacular.— Bunnak nam (บุนนาคนํ้า), la-dopa-he (ลาดอปาเฮะ) ((Niyomdham 778). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Data Deﬁcient (DD). 3. Kayea kunstleri King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 182. 1890; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 620. 1893; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 190–191. 1922. ≡ Mesua kunstleri (King) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: 427. 1969; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 228. 1973. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Larut, Perak, King’s Collector 6850 (lectotype K [K000677324!], designated here; isolectotypes BM [BM000611308!], A [A00067764!], BO not seen, FI [FI010334!], SING [SING0194784!], GH!). Syntypes: Malaysia, Malacca, Perak, Malaysia, King’s Collector3301 r (BO not seen, SING [SING0194782!]); Penang, Curtis 1419 (SING [SING0194783!]); Malacca, Maingay 176 6 (not located). — Kayea curtisii King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 5: 144, t. 174B. 1896. Type: Malaysia, Malacca, Penang, Curtis 805 (lectotype K [K000677313!], designated by Whitmore [1973]; isolectotype BO not seen, SING [SING0194787!]. — Kayea rivulorum Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 54: 22. 1910. Syntypes: Malacca, Malaysia, Goodenough 19766 (SING G [SING0194794!]); Selangor, Malaysia, Ridley 7349 (GH!, SING [SING0194793!]). Shrubs to small trees, 0.5 to 8 m tall; dbh 10–30 cm; outer bark brown, inner bark pink; exudate whitish-cream. Branchlets brown/red to light brown, thin, striate, scars present. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.4–1.6 cm long, blade 6.7–11.6 × 1.4–3.6 cm, elliptic to oblanceolate, dull green to brown to orange/yellow, some glaucous, some dots/ glands present, base cuneate to acute, apex cuspidate (often with an obvious mucro), a few acuminate, coriaceous to thin and delicate, venation extremely faint on some leaves, varying from leaf to leaf, veins appear to fade on older leaves, arising at diﬀerent points on either side of the midrib, midrib pale cream to green on upper surface and light brown to tan on lower surface, not very obvious on either surface, slightly more prominent on lower surface. Inflorescence solitary, axillary or terminal, pedicel length 1.5–3 cm long, smooth, bud smooth. Calyx sepals outer 2 smaller, round-oval, green, inner 2 larger, elliptic, white, persistent. Corolla petals oblong-acuminate, caducous, white, up to 1 cm long. Stamens numerous, in fascicles, anther & ﬁlament 1.5–2 cm long, filament cream, anthers round to almost oblong, yellow. Ovary yellow, style 1. Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, 3.5–4.5 cm long texture wood-like SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) 187 Map 1.1.13 Distribution of Calophyllum thorelii in Thailand. Map 1.1.14 Distribution of Calophyllum touranense in Thailand. Map 1.2.1 Distribution of Kayea elegans in Thailand. Map 1.2.2 Distribution of Kayea ferruginea in Thailand. 188 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 with scales, green outside, cream inside, fruiting calyx yellow-greenish, persistent. Seeds 1–4. Thailand.—(Map 1.2.3): PENINSULAR: Krabi [4 Apr. 1930, Kerr 18842 (BK, BM, C, K, L, P)]; Nakhon Si Thammarat [Khao Luang, near Khiri Wong Village, 16 May 1968, van Beusekom & Phengklai 778 (BKF)]; Phatthalung [10 km East of Na Thawi, 24 Nov. 1990, Larsen et al. 41691 (AAU)]; Satun [Thale Ban NP, 12 July 2000, Middleton et al. 391 (A, BKF)]; Songkhla [Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai, 17 May 1960, Chirayupin 2 (BK); Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai, 1997, Sritungnant 11 (PSU); ibid., 21 Sept. 1976, Cheuntai 18 (PSU); ibid., 4 Jan. 1974, Cannon JRC 243 (PSU); ibid., 30 Oct. 1990, Larsen et al. 409566 (AAU); ibid., 4 June 1992, Larsen et al. 42652 (AAU, P); ibid., Hat Yai, 1 Sept. 1984, Maxwell 84-179 9 (PSU); ibid., 31 Dec. 1985, Maxwell 85-1186 (PSU); Hat Yai, 16 Apr. 1963, Pradit 190 (BK); PSU, behind Biology Building, 2 Feb. 1979, Congdon & Hamilton 249 (PSU); Khuan Mit, south of Hat Yai, 29 Apr. 1979, Congdon & Hamilton 403 (PSU); Sadao, 12 May 1970, Sutheesoen 1683 (BK); Utapao, 14 May 1919, Kerr 3684 (BM, K); PSU Campus, 11 Apr. 1976, Sutheesoen 3692 (BK); Ban Thepha, 24 Mar. 1928, Kerr 14742 (BK, BM, C, K, L, P); Prakawp, 10 July 1928, Kerr 15846 6 (BK, BM, K, L); Khao Mot Daeng, Kho Hong, Hat Yai, 6 Oct. 1991, Larsen et al. 42186 6 (AAU, BKF, P, PSU); Yo Island, Muang District, 27 Aug. 1986, Maxwell 86-624 (BKF, L, PSU)]; Yala [Banang Station, 23 July 1923, Kerr 73766 (BK, BM, K)]; Narathiwat [Waeng, Phusomsaeng 440 (L); Khao Re Chan, To Mo, 20 Apr. 1931, Lakshnakara 728 (BK, BM, C, K, L, P); Khao Cha Bor, To Mo, 27 Apr. 1931, Lakshnakara 816 (BM, C, K, L, P); Waeng, 13 Aug. 1972, Phusomsaeng et al. 1027 (BKF); Nikhom Waeng, 14 Apr. 1968, Prayad 1296 (BK); ibid., 28 Apr. 1968, Prayad 1331 (BK); Sungei Padi, Chatwarin Falls, 5 Mar. 1974, Larsen & Larsen 32998 (AAU, BKF, K, L, P); Waeng, Phusomsaeng BKF 41118 (K)]; Unknown locations [Ban Tu Gor, Tan Yong Mas, 30 Apr. 1931, Lakshnakara 843 (BM, C, K, L, P); Sirirugsa s.n. (PSU)]. Distribution.— Malay Peninsula, Singapore. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest; open disturbed growth from 50 to 600 m elevation. Flowering: March–June. Fruiting: July–September. Vernacular.— Nakaboot (Maxwell 84-179). Conservation.— IUCN Global & Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 3. MAMMEA L., Sp. Pl.: 512. 1753; Juss., Gen. Pl.: 257. 1789; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1: 176. 1862; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. 3(6): 219. 1895; Kosterm., Pengum. Lemb. Pusat Penjel. Kehut 72: 15. 1961; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 384. 1963; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 226. 1973; P.F.Stevens, Aust. J. Bot. 22: 413–423. 1974. Type species: Mammea americana L. (lectotype designated by Britton & P.Wilson, Scient. Surv. Porto Rico 5: 583. 1924). — Calysaccion Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 1:130. 1840. Type species: Calysaccion longifolium Wight. Trees; exudate clear or coloured and resinous. Leaves simple, opposite, blade entire, often coriaceous and persistent, stipules absent, some with black glandular dots. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, some often cauliﬂorous, solitary or cymose, bisexual or unisexual, sometimes in clusters in axils of fallen leaves. Calyx sepals 2, entirely closed and united in bud, later splitting into 2 reflexed sepals during ﬂowering. Corolla petals 4–6, free or nearly entirely connate, usually white. Stamens numerous, free or basally connate, dehiscence vertical. Ovaryy 2 (–many) celled; ovules 4; style short or not present, if present, stigma peltate. Fruit fleshy, coriaceous when dry. Seeds 1–4, embryo with 2 fused cotyledons. Distribution.— 75 species in Borneo, Myanmar, China, Indonesia (Flores, Java), Philippines, Samoa, North and South America; 3 species in Thailand. K EY TO THE SPECIES 1. Emarginate leaves absent 1. At least some emarginate leaves present 2. Leaves obovate or elliptic; 11–29.5 cm long; pedicels up to 0.5 cm long 2. Leaves obovate, oblanceolate or oblong; 7.5–25 cm long; pedicels longer than 0.5 cm 2. M. harmandii 1. M. brevipes 3. M. siamensis SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) 1. Mammea brevipes (Craib) Kosterm. in Pengum. Lemb. Pusat Penjel. Kehut 72: 13. 1961; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 226. 1973. ≡ Ochrocarpos harmandii Pierre var. brevipes Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 119. 1925. Type: Thailand, Phetchabun, Kerr 5706 (lectotype K [K000677516!], designated here; isolectotype BM [BM000611511!]). — Ochrocarpus [sic] siamensis auct. non T.Anderson: Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 180. 1922. based on Robinson 6304 (K!). Trees 8–12m tall; outer bark smooth to rough, dark brown to grey; exudate not recorded. Branchlets terete. Leaves petioled, 0.6–2 cm long; blade 11–29.5 × 5–11 cm, elliptic to obovate, coriaceous, leaf edges slightly curling downwards especially near the leaf base, base cuneate some almost angustate, apex rounded or cuspidate, if cuspidate, tips 3–4 mm long, at least some emarginate, some glaucous, khaki green to dark green adaxially, pale yellow abaxially, midrib raised and yellow abaxially, dark browngreen adaxially, secondary, intersecondary, tertiary and intramarginal veins visible, secondary veins 10–15 per side, 7–10 mm apart. Inflorescence many ﬂowers clustered together, shortly petioled, pedicels terete, up to 0.5 cm long, borne on inconspicuous irregularly rounded protuberances 3–5 mm wide, each subtended by 4–8 closely imbricate bracts. Calyx sepals elliptic, 7–9 × 5–7 mm, persistent, papyraceous, obtuse or slightly acute at apex with 15–18 parallel nerves. Corolla petals 4–6, obovate to round, 10–17 × 4–8 mm. Stamens in fascicles, approximately 200, anthers oblong, 1–3 mm long, free or weakly connate at the base. Ovary ellipsoid; 2–2.5 mm diam., style terete, approximately 2 mm long, stigma peltate; 2–lobed, approximately 2 mm diam. Fruit oval to elliptic, 2–2.7 × 1–1.3 cm, hard, wood-like, purple/red, petiole up to 3 mm long. Seeds seed(s) embedded in pulp, when fresh. Thailand.— (Map 1.3.1 ): NORTH-EASTERN: Phetchabun [Muang, 28 Mar. 1922, Kerr 5706 (ABD, BM, K); Chondaen, 8 Mar. 1931, Kerr 20392 (ABD, BK, BM, E, K)]. Distribution.— Endemic. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, on limestone from 400 to 500 m elevation. Flowering: March. Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Critically Endangered (CR). 189 2. Mammea harmandii (Pierre) Kosterm., Addit. Notes Mimos.; the Genera Mammea L. and Ochrocarpos Thou.: 13. 1956; Kosterm., Commun. Forest Res. Inst. Bogor 72: 22. 1961. ≡ Ochrocarpus harmandii Pierre, Fl. Cochinch. 3: t. 93. 1883; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 295. 1910; Petelot, Pl. medic. Cambodge, Laos, Vietnam (Recherches agron. C.L.V. 14) 1: 59. 1952. ≡ Calysaccion harmandii (Pierre) Pierre, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 1226. 1896–1897.Type: Laos, Harmand 1072 (lectotype P [P00642270!], designated here; isolectotype P [P00642271!]). Trees 6–10 m tall, dbh 25–30 cm; outer bark reddish-brown, inner bark dark red to pale ﬂesh-like; exudate yellow, sticky. Branchlets terete with longitudinal ridges, smooth. Leaves petioled, 1–1.7 cm long, blade 13.1–17 × 4.4–5.6 cm, obovate, lanceolate, elliptic, coriaceous, undulate, base cuneate, apex mostly cuspidate, few round or acute, midrib raised and light green-brown abaxially, green-brown adaxially, netted veining visible, obscure, no intramarginal veins present. Inflorescence clusters of ﬂowers borne on the branches, ﬂowers arising on branches where small branches join larger branches, arising from separate points but close together on the branches. Calyx sepals elliptic, persistent. Corolla petals 2, elliptic, longitudinal veins present on petals. Stamens oblong, anther and ﬁlament 3 mm long. Ovary globose; stigma peltate; style up to 4 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, rough, 2.3–2.5 × 1.0–1.4 cm, yellow, vertically dehiscing, tip acute, petiole up to 1–2.2 cm long. Thailand.— (Map 1.3.2): NORTHERN: Chiang Rai [Doi Tung, near Temple, 17 May 1992, Santisuk s.n. (BKF)]; EASTERN : Nakhon Ratchasima [Sakaerat, 22 Oct. 1971, van Beusekom et al. 3291 (BKF, C, K, L, P); Khao Phrik, Sikhieo District, 9 May 1976, Maxwell 76-307 7 (L); CENTRAL: Saraburi [Sam Lan Forest, Muang District, 1 Mar. 1975, Maxwell 75-174 (AAU, BK, L); ibid., 17 July 1976, Maxwell 76-434 (AAU, BK, L)]; Unknown location: [8 Feb. 1956, Smitinand s.n. (BKF)]. Distribution.— Laos, Malay Peninsula (Langkawi). Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, deciduous forest from 150 to 650 m. Flowering: February–May. Fruiting: July–October. Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Data Deﬁcient (DD). 190 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 3. Mammea siamensis (Miq.) T.Anderson, J. Linn. Soc. 9: 261. 1867; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 271. 1874; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 527. 1893; Kosterm., Pengum. Lemb. Pusat Penjel. Kehut 72: 26. 1961; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 226. 1973. ≡ Calysaccion siamense Miq., Mus. Bot. 1: 209. 1863. ≡ Ochrocarpos siamensis (Miq.) T.Anderson in Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 270–271. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 94. 1877; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. 56. 1881; Pierre, Fl. Cochinch. t. 94–96. 1885; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 293–294. 1910; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 180. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1:119. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 254. 1943. Type: Thailand, Bangkok, Teijsman s.n. (holotype? BO not seen; isotypes: L [L0012276!], U [U0002418!]). Trees to 20 m tall, dbh 10–30 cm; outer bark thick, roughly cracked and flaking, sometimes smooth or slightly ﬁssured, dark grey, inner bark red; exudate pale yellow. Branchlets smooth, yellowish. Leaves shortly petioled, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, blade 7.5–25 × 2.5–7 cm, oblanceolate, obovate or oblong, coriaceous, young leaves purple, mature dark-green above, yellow-green abaxially, base narrowly cuneate, apex blunt to slightly cuspidate, some emarginate, midrib dark green adaxially, green abaxially, side veins numerous on both surfaces. Inflorescence clustered on old woody twigs behind leaves, pedicels light green to yellow, up to 2 cm long. Male and female ﬂowers on separate trees, ﬂowers approximately 1.2–2.5 cm long, white or pale yellow. Calyxx sepals elliptic, 2–7 mm long, light green. Corolla petals 4, oblong, 6–8 mm long. Stamens between 60–90 stamens per ﬂower, ﬁlaments white, free, anthers yellow, 1–2 mm long. Ovary style and ovary light green maturing darker green, style 1, short with 2-lobed stigma. Fruit oval to ellipsoid with short blunt tip, up to 4 × 2.5 cm but usually smaller, 2-valved, rind with sparse white latex, juicy and dull yellow inside, orange on outside. Seeds 1, with thin yellow coating (aril). Thailand.— (Map 1.3.3): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Chiang Mai University, Biology Department, 3 June 1992, Palee 30 0 (A, CMUB, E, P); Suan Kaeo, Mae Rim, 5 Mar. 2002, Glamwaewong 1566 (QBG); Doi Suthep, on lower slopes, 14 Mar. 1909, Kerr 548 (BM, K, P); Doi Suthep, Ban Salienue, Hot, 18 Feb. 1960, Kasin 8066 (BK); Doi Suthep, 21 Oct. 1958, Sørensen et al. 5810 0 (C); ibid., 1958, Sørensen et al. 5829 (C); Muang Tun, 30 June 1922, Kerr 6193 (ABD, BK, BM, K); Doi Suthep, between the Agricultural Station and TV-7 Station, 9 June 1988, Maxwell 88-739 (AAU, L); East side, 76/1 Soi 5, Suthep Road, 8 Mar. 1992, Maxwell, 92-70 (A, CMUB, E, P); Huai Kaeo Arboretum, Muang, 12 Mar. 1986, Phengklai s.n. (BKF); Doi Suthep, Kerr s.n. (BM)]; Lampang [Jaehomwittya School, Chaehom District, 16 Feb. 2001, Panatkool 464 (CMUB)]; Phetchabun [Ban Wang Saphung, Wang Pong District, 1 Feb. 2001, Wongprasert 012-31 (BKF)]; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima [Sakaerat. Pak Thong Chai District, Reforestation Station, 21 Apr. 1987, Soejarto et al. 6022 (A, L); Khao Phrik, Sikieo District, 9 May 1976, Maxwell 76-307 7 (BK)]; SOUTH-WESTERN : Phetchaburi [18 Feb. 1923, Marcan 1176 (ABD, BM); Khao Wong, 2 Mar. 1963, Sakol 459 (BK)]; CENTRAL : Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [1899, Zimmermann 105 (BM, L); Krungthep, 2 Mar. 1927, Lakshnakara 305 (ABD, BK, K); ibid., 8 June 1931, Lakshnakara 854 (BK, BM); Marcan 17077 (ABD, BM); Unknown collector 5953 (L); Feb. 1955, Phloenchit s.n. [BKF 11561] (BKF)]; SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri [Naphro, Near Sri Racha, 19 Apr. 1923, Collins 789 (ABD, BK, E, K)]; PENINSULAR: Chumphon [Unknown collector 4360 (K)]; Songkhla [Ma Be Ya Village, Foothills of Klong Rhang Hill, Na Mom District, 15 Feb. 1986, Maxwell 86-70 (A, L, PSU); PSU, Hat Yai District, 7 June 1986, Maxwell 86-343 (A, BKF, PSU); Wat-Pako, Sathingpra, 23 Apr. 1974, Vitchu V30 (PSU)]. Distribution.— Laos, Malay Peninsula (Penang). Ecology and phenology.— Dry, mixed evergreen forest, deciduous forest, on granite bedrock from 50 to 460 m elevation. Flowering: February–June. Fruiting: June. The ﬂowers contain aromatic oil and the species is widely cultivated. Vernacular.— Sarapee ( สารภี ) (Palee 30); Sa ra pi (สารภี) ((Lakshnakara 854). Uses.— The pollen is used by Thai people as a cosmetic. The ﬂowers are used to make necklaces. Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Map 1.2.3 Distribution of Kayea kunstleri in Thailand. Map 1.3.1 Distribution of Mammea brevipes in Thailand. Map 1.3.2 Distribution of Mammea harmandii in Thailand. Map 1.3.3 Distribution of Mammea siamensis in Thailand. 191 192 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 4. MESUA L., Sp. Pl.: 515. 1753; Juss., Gen. Pl. : 258. 1789; Wight, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 102. 1834; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 509. 1859; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér. 4, 15: 298. 1861; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1: 176. 1862; T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 276. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 96. 1877; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 184–185. 1890; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. 3(6): 218–219. 1895; Prain, Bengal Pl. 1: 245. 1903; Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 328. 1910; Gamble, Fl. Madras 76. 1915; Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 2: 55. 1921; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 191. 1922; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 227–228. 1973; Kosterm. in Dassan., Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 1:107, 1980; Gamble, Man. Ind. Tim. (ed. 2a) 59. 1992; H.W.Li et al., Fl. China 13: 38. 2007. Type species: Mesua ferrea L. Trees; inner bark usually with sticky exudate drying black. Leaves opposite, blade coriaceous, often with dots, veins numerous, slender. Inflorescences solitary, axillary or terminal. Calyx sepals 4–5, imbricate. Corolla petals 4–5, imbricate. Stamens numerous, ﬁlaments basally connate. Ovaryy superior, 2-celled; ovules 4; style long; stigma peltate, stigma lobes broad. Fruit ﬂeshy or woody, drupe, berry or capsule, 1–4 seeded. Seeds testa fragile, aril absent. Distribution.— 5 species in tropical Asia; 1 species in Thailand. Mesua ferrea L., Sp. Pl.: 515. 1753; Burm.f., Fl. Ind. 121. 1768; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 1:562. 1824; Wight, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.: 102. 1834; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient.: t. 118. 1839; Graham, Cat. Pl. Bombay: 26. 1839; Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 5. 1858; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 1: 509. 1860; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér 4, 15: 299. 1861; Dalzell & Gibson, Bombay Fl.: 31. 1861; Beddome, Fl. Sylv. S. India: t. 64. 1871; T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 277. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 97. 1877; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb.: 27. 1881; Pierre, Fl. Cochinch. 7: t. 97. 1885; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 236. 1891; Vesque in DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 630. 1893; Talbot, Trees Bombay Pres:.16. 1894; Woodrow, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 81. 1901; Prain, Bengal Pl. 1: 246. 1903; Brandis, Indian Trees: 55. 1907; Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: 77. 1915; Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 2: 55. 1921; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1:192. 1922; Kirtikar & Basu, Indian Med. Pl. 2(1): 274. 1933; Kamjilal, Fl. Assam 1: 111. 1934; Kitamura, Fauna Fl. Nepal Himalaya 1: 179. 1955; MacMillan, Trop. Pl. & Gard. 5: 87. 1956; Sastri, Wealth of India 6: 349. 1962; Maheshwari, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 337. 1963; Whitmore, Tree Flora of Malaya 2: 227–228. 1973; Kosterm. in Dassan., Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 1: 107. 1980; Gamble, Man. Ind. Tim. (ed. 2a) 59. 1992; H.W.Li et al., Fl. China 13: 38. 2007. Type: Sri Lamka, Herb. Hermann 1: 38, No. 203 (lectotype BM [BM000621365!], designated by Maheshwari [1963] (see Jarvis, 2007 for further details) — Nagassarium Rumph., Herb. Amboin. 7: 3, t. 2. 1750. nom. inval.— Calophyllum nagassarium Burm., Fl. Ind.: 121. 1768. ≡ Mesua nagassarium (Burm.f.) Kosterm., Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. 12:71, 1976; Kosterm. in Dassan., Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 1:107, 1980; P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 61:682, 1980. Type: [Indonesia, Amboina and Java], Herb. Burman s.n. (holotype: G not seen). — Mesua speciosa Choisy in DC. Prodr. 1: 562. 1824. Type: India, Rheed. Hort. Malab. 3: 63, t. 53. Trees up to 30 m tall, dbh 95 cm; bole straight, cylindrical, often ﬂuted at base; outer bark ash-grey turning dark-dull brown, scaly, irregularly ﬁssured, inner bark brownish-red to pink or red; exudate aromatic, clear; sapwood creamy white to pinkishbrown; heartwood dark red, hard, tough and heavy. Branchlets young twigs slender, grey and terete, end bud inconspicuous. Leaves petioled, 0.4–1.2 cm long, green above and below; blade 1–15 × 1–18 cm, elliptic, oblong or lanceolate, glaucous abaxially, coriaceous or delicate, base acute or obtuse, apex acute, young leaves pink, midrib faint and depressed on both surfaces, slightly more pronounced on lower surface, side veins very fine, almost invisible, secondary, intersecondary, tertiary and intramarginal veins faint especially on young leaves, numerous, somewhat patent, invisible on the white waxy lower surface. Inflorescence solitary, axillary, on short peduncles, 0.8–2.3 cm long, slender, 4–10 cm diam., sweet scented. Calyx sepals 4, 12–15 mm long, imbricate, in 2 rows, small outer pair and larger inner pair; light green, persistent, densely velvety puberulous outside, orbicular, imbricate, ﬂeshy. Corolla petals 4, 16–40 mm long, white, cuneate, obovate or obcordate, curled and erose at the margins, brown/purple SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) striations present, caducous. Stamens numerous; anthers large, linear 4–10 mm long, orange-goldenyellow. Ovary up to 5 mm, ovoid, 2-locular; style 1–1.1 cm long; stigma peltate. Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid with conical point, 2.5–3.5 cm, striate; sepals enlarged up to 4 cm long, calyx persistent, dark orange or purple/brown, pericarp tough. Seeds 1–4, up to 2.4 cm woody, smooth, glossy brown, oily. Thailand.— (Map 1.4.1): NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son [Pang Mu, 8 July 1958, Smitinand 4597 (BKF)]; Chiang Mai [CMU, in front of Humanities Faculty, Muang District, 13 Jan. 2001, Intien 15 (A, CMUB); ibid., 5 Aug.,1995, Tumersnis 32 (CMUB); Huai Pu, QBG, Mae Rim, 20 Mar. 1998, Watthana 86 (QBG); Huai Kaeo Arboretum, 7 June 2000, Sankamethawee 122 (CMUB); ibid., 15 Feb. 1992, Pooma 632 (BKF); ibid., 15 May 1995, BGO Staﬀ 33666 (BKF, QBG); Muang, Brun et al. 159 (C); Maesa Botanic Garden, 22 Aug. 1989, Pooma 291 (BKF); Botanic Garden, Mae Rim, 25 May 1994, BGO Staﬀ 710 (QBG); Doi Suthep, 1 July 1998, Pongamornkul 131 (QBG); ibid., 11 June 1910, Kerr 1211 (BM, K, TCD); ibid., Oct. 1970, Dixen s.n. (AAU)]; Doi Suthep, East side, Khonthathan Falls Area, May 1991, Maxwell 89-631 (E); Doi Suthep Pui NP, Park HQ, Muang, 13 Sept. 1995, Kopachon s162b1 (BM, CMUB); ibid., 6 Nov. 1997, Sritong, s162b2 (CMUB); Danta Bua, 31 July 1914, Kerr s.n. (BM); Chiang Dao Watershed Station, 4 June 1973, Geesink et al. 56877 (AAU, BKF, C, E, K); Chaiprakan, Sidongyen Subdistrict, Lahn Village, 24 May 1991, Maxwell 91-472 (A, E, P); Phayao [Doi Luang NP, east side of Jahn Bah Tawng, Muang District, 6 May 1997, Maxwell 97-451 (A, CMUB); ibid., 9 Aug. 1997, Maxwell 97-844 (A, BKF, CMUB)]; Sukhothai [Mt. Khao Luang, 2 May 1922, Kerr 59166 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, K)]; CENTRAL: Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [Phrayathai, 10 Feb. 1955, Agooroo 22 (BKF); 1899, Zimmermann 110 (BM, K, L, P); 20 Feb. 1921, Marcan 581 (BM, K); 7 Mar. 1926, Marcan 1998 (BM, K); Kerr s.n. (BM)]; SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi [Cultivated in Arboretum, Makham District, 29 Mar. 1995, Santisuk et al. s.n. (BKF)]; PENINSULAR: Ranong [Khao Phota Luang Kaeo, 22 June 1974, Geesink et al. 7434 (BKF, K); Hat Hin Dam, 24 Apr. 1974, Larsen & Larsen 33352 (AAU, K, P)]; Phuket [Muang Mai, 9 Mar. 1929, Kerr 17400 (ABD, BK, BM, C, E, K, TCD)]; Krabi [Apr. 1915, Vanpruk 193 720 (BKF, K)]; Nakhon Si Thammarat [28 Mar. 1955, Thaworm 50 (BKF)]; Trang [Chong, 8 Apr. 1949, Boongird 62 (A); Khao Chong, 14 Apr. 1969, Phusomsaeng 171 (C, E, K, P); ibid., 1 Mar. 1966, Bunnab 376 (BKF, L); ibid., 13 June 1969, Sangkhachand 1863 (BK); Chong, 25 Jan. 1958, Smitinand 4117 (BKF); Kantang, 14 Mar. 1929, Kerr 17485 (ABD, BK, BM, C, K, TCD)]; Yala [Banglang, Thanto, 20 Sept. 1992, Niyomdham 5126 (BKF)]; Narathiwat [Nikhom Waeng, 22 Sept. 1966, Prayad 417 7 (BK); Khao E-dang, Sukhirin, 23 Aug. 1998, Puudjaa 498 (BKF); Waeng, 6 Sept. 1966, Sangkhachand 1317 (BKF, L); Su-ngai Padi, Chatwarin Falls, 5 Mar. 1974, Larsen & Larsen 32998 (L)]. Distribution.— Sri Lanka, India, tropical Nepal, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, deciduous forest, near the sea, on limestone from 10 to 1050 m elevation. Flowering: February–May. Fruiting: May–October. Vernacular.— Mai bun nak (ไมบนุ นาค) (Vanpruk 720); bun nak (บุนนาค) (Kerr ( 59166). Uses.— The wood from this species is one of the strongest woods found in Asia and is used for construction work, for railway sleepers and in boat building. Oil from the seed is used in soap making and the ﬂowers and ﬂower buds are used in cosmetics and perfumery. In India the leaves and ﬂowers are also used as hair decorations and the fruits are sometimes eaten. Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 2. HYPERICACEAE Evergreen or deciduous herbs, shrubs or trees with glands or canals present in most parts of the plant, uni/multicellular hairs usually present. Leaves opposite, alternate or whorled. Inflorescences terminal or cymose; ﬂowers single, perfect. Calyx (2–)4–5 sepals, free. Corolla (3–)45 petals, free. Stamens 9–∞, free, connate or fasciculate, nectary absent. Ovary superior, 1–∞ ovules. Fruit capsule or baccate (berry-like), sometimes drupe, ± wings. Distribution.— Worldwide with 8 genera and 560 species; 2 genera and 11 species in Thailand. 194 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 K EY TO THE GENERA 1. Hypericum 2. Cratoxylum 1. Herbs with horizontal runners; ﬂowers usually yellow 1. Deciduous to evergreen trees or shrubs; ﬂowers pink or white 1. HYPERICUM L., Sp. Pl.: 783. 1753; L., Gen. Pl. 5: 341. 1754; Juss., Gen. Pl.: 257. 1789; Wight, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.: 99. 1834; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 253. 1874; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb.: 48. 1881; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. 3(6): 215. 1895; Prain, Bengal Pl. 1: 243. 1903; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 284. 1910; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 66. 1913; Gamble, Fl. Madras: 69. 1915; Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa: 2: 51. 1921; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1:151. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1:110. 1925; R.Keller in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. ed. 2, 25:175. 1925, pro parte excl. sect. IV Elodea; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 248. 1943; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 382. 1963; N.Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95: 482. 1970; N.Robson in Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 8: 4–6. 1974; N.Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12(4): 163–325. 1985; N.Robson, Taxon 39: 134–135. 1990; N.Robson, Syst. Biodivers. 4(1): 19–98. 2005; H.W.Li & N.Robson, Fl. China 13: 2–35. 2007. Type species: Hypericum perforatum L. (lectotype designated by Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 529. 1913). Herbs to occasionally trees up to 12 m high; herbs spreading by means of horizontal runners before becoming erect or ascending. Stems eventually terete, green to red when young and brown to black when older, ﬁssured when older, stems can turn grey and the cork layers ﬂake oﬀ in strips. Leaves sessile or subsessile, opposite, entire, venation present, sometimes parallel, glands of two types, dark glands are blackish-red cells containing a wax and pale glands are schizogenous intercellular spaces lined by cells which secrete an oil. Inflorescences solitary, in three’s, cymose or umbellate. Calyx 5 sepals, basally connected, shape very variable with the same glands as the leaves, margins entire. Corolla 5 petals, spreading or eventually reﬂexed, aestivation always contorted, usually yellow or sometimes white, dotted with black glands. Stamens numerous, basally connate, distinct, sometimes in ﬁve free antepetalous fascicles; anthers dehisce introrsely by longitudinal slits; usually same colour as but shorter than petals, stamen length varies within fascicles, longest stamens on the outside of the fascicle ring. Ovaryy superior; unilocular; styles 2–5; stigmas distinct, persistent, varies in size and shape from narrowly elliptic to ovoid to globose. Fruit a woody or coriaceous septicidal capsule. Seeds small, globose to ovoid or ellipsoid; sometimes very numerous (over 1000), winged seeds present on species with dehiscent fruit. Distribution.— 488 species worldwide (absent from tropical lowlands, southern oceanic islands, hot and cold deserts); 6 species in Thailand. In a number of cases the acknowledged World expert on Hypericum, Robson, has used the term ‘holotype’: we have almost always followed his lead, but believe in a number of cases that Art. 9.10 (Turland et al. 2018) should be applied [Art 9.10 deals with the use of ‘a term as deﬁned in the Code as denoting a type, in a sense other than that in which it is so deﬁned’. The article indicates that this is to be ‘treated as an error to be corrected (for example, the use of the term lectotype to denote what is in fact a neotype)’] We believe that Robson’s designation of a holotype is usually correctable under Art. 9.11 (Turland et al. 2018) to lectotype. In many cases the use of the term ‘holotype’ should be construed as the ﬁrst stage of a necessary lectotypiﬁcation and that, therefore, second a step lectotypiﬁcation (Art. 9.17; Turland et al. 2018) is required. We are, however, in most cases unwilling to undertake this, preferring it to be undertaken by an expert on this genus in its worldwide context. K EY TO THE SPECIES 1. Herbs with ﬂowers under 2.5 cm across 2. Sepals usually toothed with gland-tipped teeth; stems terete; ovary 3-celled 1. H. elodeoides 2. Sepals entire, with/without glands; stems quadrangular; ovary 1-celled 4. H. japonicum 1. Shrubs up to 3m tall, with ﬂowers 5–8 cm across 3. Sepals 4; petals 4; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong to elliptic with clear intramarginal vein 6. H. siamense 3. Sepals 5; petals 5; leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, elliptic, lanceolate or oblanceolate without intramarginal vein SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) 195 4. Sepals entire or denticulate; ovate, oblong or elliptic; stems spreading, 2-lined 5. H. patulum 4. Sepals entire; stems arching or erect 5. Leaves variable: lanceolate, oblanceolate, elliptic, oblong, obtuse; sepals with obvious longitudinal striations, ± equal, imbricate; stems arching, young branches compressed; stamens 60–80 3. H. hookerianum 5. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to elliptic; sepals without obvious striations, not equal, not imbricate; stems erect, young branches thin; stamens 40–60 2. H. henryi subsp. hancockii 1. Hypericum elodeoides Choisy in DC., Prodr. 1: 552. 1824. Type: Nepal. Wallich 4812A (?holotype G [GDC] [00210401!]; isotypes BM [BM000521690!], K!, S [S11-31777!], SING. — Hypericum napaulense Choisy in DC., Prodr. 1: 552. 1824; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 253. 1874; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 284. 1910; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1:111. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 251. 1943; H.W.Li & Li Yan-hui in Li Hsiwen, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 50(2): 1–112. 1990; H.W.Li & N.Robson, Fl. China 13: 24. 2007. Type: Nepal, Gossain Than, Wallich s.n. (?holotype: G [GDC] [G00210678!]; isotypes BM!, K!). — Hypericum pallens D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 219 (Jan.–Feb.) 1825. Type: West Himalaya, Wallich 4814 (holotype K!). — Hypericum setosum Wall., Numer. List. [Wallich] n. 4814. 1828, nom. nud. — Hypericum wightianum Wall., Numer. List. [Wallich] n. 4818. 1828, nom. nud; Wall. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.: 99. 1834; Gamble, Fl. Madras: 69. 1915. Type: India, Neelgherries, Wight 336 6 (lectotype E [E00174238!], designated here; isolectotypes BM [BM000551503!], E [E00174230!], K [K000677235!]). Shrubs or perennial herbs up to 1 m tall; glabrous; decumbent. Branchlets terete, slender, striations present, light golden-brown to dark redbrown. Leaves sessile; blade 0.7–2.5 × 0.4–1.5 cm, elliptic to oblanceolate, base cuneate to slightly tapering, apex slightly acute to rounded to subacuminate, parallelodromous veins faint; round (black) dots sometimes present on upper surface, light green to tan on upper surface and dark brown/black on lower surface, glabrous, delicate, smooth, midrib depressed on upper surface and pronounced on lower surface. Inflorescence pedicel up to 5 cm long, solitary or corymbose cymes with up to 17 ﬂowers, thin and delicate, spine-like hairs present on all stalks of inﬂorescences. Calyx sepals, 0.5–0.6 × 0.1–0.2 cm, oblanceolate, persistent, some with gland-tipped teeth, apex slightly pointed to round, bracts with black glandular hairs. Corolla petals 6–13 mm long, elliptic to oblanceolate, caducous, yellow/cream, with longitudinal lines present, apex slightly pointed. Stamens in 3 fascicles. Ovary 3-locular; styles 0.9–1.3 mm. Fruit ovoid to elliptic, 3-celled, green. Seeds 0.5–0.6 mm long. Thailand.— (Map 2.1.1): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Summit of Doi Inthanon, 19 Aug. 1927, Garrett 421 (ABD, BM, E, K, L, P, TCD); Doi Chiang Dao, 23 Oct. 1992, Pooma 703 (BKF); Doi Pa Kao, 8 May 1921, Kerr 5392 (ABD, BK, BM, K); Doi Inthanon, 30 Oct. 1962, Smitinand et al. 7643 (BKF); Doi Chiang Dao, 11 Dec. 1987, Santisuk s.n. (BKF)]. Distribution.— India, Bhutan, Nepal, South China, Myanmar. Ecology and phenology.— Marshy areas, on limestone from 1400 to 2500 m elevation. Flowering: May–August and October–December. Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). Notes.— 1. We have carefully chosen the most complete available Wight collection as the lectotype of Hypericum wightianum over any Wallich material as Wight (1834) states clearly that he had not seen Wallich’s material. His descriptionn can only, therefore, be based on Wight 336. 2. Hypericum elodeoides is a widespread and variable species sometimes separated from H. napaulense on the basis of its glandular petal margin, terete stem, acute leaves and ribbed sepals. Robson et al. (2014) unite them. 2. Hypericum henryi H.Lév. & Vaniot subsp. hancockii N.Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12(4): 261 1985; H.W.Li & N.Robson, Fl. China 13: 12. 2007. Type: China, Yunnan, Hancock 1166 (holotype K!; isotype K!). — Hypericum garrettii Craib in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913; 66. 1913, pro parte, quoad Kerr 6300). 196 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 — Hypericum garrettii var. ovatum Craib, Fl. Siam. 1:111. 1925. Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Kerr 5188 (lectotype ABD [ABDUH:2/516!]; isolectotypes: BK!, BM [BM000617086!], E [E00209541!], K [K000380029!]: designation of a holotype by Robson [1985] is correctable under Art. 9.11 [Turland et al. 2018] to lectotype). Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branchlets terete, erect, slender, smooth, new branches thin, red-brown, internodes 1–2 cm long. Leaves sessile; blade 1.5–4.3 × 0.4–2 cm, lanceolate to elliptic, green to golden yellow to red/brown, some 2-toned, sometimes glaucous, glabrous, delicate, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to cuspidate to obtuse, midrib depressed on upper surface and pronounced on lower surface, fading slightly towards apex, but still visible, secondary veins visible, intersecondary and tertiary veins faint, secondary veins not arising from same point on opposite sides of midrib, some leaves trinerved, black glands present. Inflorescence pedicels 0.3–1.5 cm long, branches terete, paniculate, 3 flowers per corymb. Calyx sepals, 6 × 4 mm; unequal, obovate to ovate or elliptic, orange. Corolla petals 8–25 × 6–15 mm; yellow, ovate. Stamens 40–60 per fascicle, anthers longest 5–13 mm, usually half as long as petals, round, yellow. Ovary ovoid, styles 4, 4–6 mm long, protruding. Seeds brown. Thailand.— (Map 2.1.2): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Doi Inthanon, trail to the summit, Chom Thong District, 22 Mar. 2007, Byrne 9 (TCD); Kio Mae Pan Nature Trail, Doi Inthanon, 22 Mar. 2007, Byrne 10 (TCD); ibid., 22 Mar. 2007, Byrne 11 (TCD); Huai Mae, Klang Pat, Pha Mon, 23 Feb.1982, Suvarmasuddhi 318 (BKF); Doi Inthanon, Pa Ngem N Peak, 14 July 1922, Kerr 6300 (ABD, BM, K); higher elevation of Doi Inthanon,7 Jan. 1983, Koyama et al. T-32090 (BKF); Pa Ngem, 6 Apr. 1925, Winit 1350 (ABD, BKF, K); Doi Pha Hom Pok, Muang Fang, 2 Apr. 1921, Kerr 5188 (ABD, BM, E, K, TCD); 12 Feb. 1983, Koyama et al. T-33411 (BKF); 12 Feb. 1983, Koyama et al. T-33438 (BKF); 23 Mar. 1965, Phengklai 973 (C, E); Feb. 1978, Løjtnant & Niyomdham 166 6 (AAU); 13 Sept. 1967, Iwatsuki et al. 9690 (AAU, BKF, E, K, L)]; Chiang Rai [Doi Tung, NW side of Pa Hung, 25 Dec. 2006, Maxwell 06-1006 6 (CMUB)]; Nakhon Sawan [Khlong Lan, Mo Ko Chu Mountain, 3 Jan. 1999, van de Bult 209 (BKF, CMUB)]; NORTHEASTERN: Sakhon Nakhon [An Gop, Phu Phan NP, 26 Feb. 1993, Chantaranothai et al. 973 (TCD)]. Distribution.— Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Sumatra. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, mountain, exposed/open ridges from 280 to 2560 m elevation. Flowering: All year. Fruiting: July– November. Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 3. Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 99. 1834; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 254. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Madras 69. 1915; R.Keller in Engl. & Prant, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 176. 1925; Y.Kimura in Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya 210. 1966; K.M.Matthew in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 20: 45. 1969; N.Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95: 490. 1970; N.Robson in Hara & Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 61. 1979; N.Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 12 (4): 255. 1985; H.W.Li & N.Robson, Fl. China 13: 10. 2007. ≡? Brathys nepalensis Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 19. 1852. ≡ Norysca hookeriana (Wight & Arn.) Wight, ll. Ind. Bot. 1: 113. 1840; Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 22. 1856; Y.Kimura in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 10: 98. 1951.Type: India, Wight 332 (lectotype K [K000677209!]; isolectotypes E [E00174236!, E00174237!): designation of a holotype by Robson [1985] is correctable under Art. 9.11 [Turland et al. 2018] to lectotype. — Hypericum garrettii Craib in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 66. 1913, ((pro parte); Craib, Fl. Siam. 1:110. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 248. 1943. Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, Garrett 677 (lectotype K [K000380030!], designated here; isolectotypes BM [BM000617687!], E [E00209544!]). Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets terete, arching, stems brown, smooth, slender, scars present, young branches compressed. Leaves sessile-subsessile; blade 3.3–6.3 × 1.3–2.4 cm, lanceolate, oblanceolate, elliptic, oblong or obtuse, base cuneate, apex somewhat acute to acuminate, delicate, papyraceous, glabrous, few pellucid dots present, vibrant green to red to dull red/black, midrib depressed on both surfaces, adaxial midrib colour very variable, red, yellow/white or dark red, abaxial midrib colourr red or brown, secondary, intersecondary and tertiary veins visible, no intramarginal veins. Inflorescence terminal, SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) 1–5(–10)- flowered, from apical node, pedicels 0.3–1.6 cm long. Calyx sepals 3.5–9 × 2–6.5 mm, oblong, elliptic to obovate-spathulate, rounded, entire ovate to obovate, ± imbricate, green, red/brown, longitudinal veins present. Corolla petals 9–18 × 5–12 mm, obovate, entire, caducous bright yellow to golden yellow, longitudinal veins present. Stamens 60–80 per fascicle, anthers oblong, 4–6(–8) mm long, approximately ¼ – ½ as long as petals, anthers bright yellow to orange-yellow. Ovary 3–7 × 4–6 mm long, styles 5, longer than anthers, ovoid to globose. Fruit green, ovoid. Seeds ca 0.5 mm long, elliptic, dark brown to red. Distribution.— Thailand (Map 2.1.3): Mae Hong Son [Doi Chang, 19 Feb. 1968, Hansen & Smitinand 12674 (AAU, BKF, E, K, L, P)]; Chiang Mai [Doi Inthanon NP, 29 Jan. 1996, BGO Staﬀ 24 (QBG); Doi Inthanon, Pa Ngem N Peak, 12 Oct. 1910, Garrett 677 (BM, E, K); Pa Ngem N Rocks, Doi Inthanon, Garrett 70 (BM); Kio Mae Pan, 15 Oct. 2003, Mattapha 394 (KKU); Doi Inthanon NP, 3 Aug. 1984, W.N. 548 (BKF); Doi Pha Hom Pok, 23 Mar. 1965, Phengklai & Sangkhachand 973 (BKF); Doi Inthanon NP, 12 Aug. 1995, Pooma 1072 (BKF); Doi Pha Hom Pok, 23 Nov. 1998, Suksathan 1488 (QBG): Western ﬂank of Doi Inthanon, Mae Pau, 7 Dec. 1969, van Beusekom & Phengklai 2397 7 (AAU, BKF, C, E, P); Inthanon NP, 8 Nov. 1992, Balick & Nanakorn 3410 (AAU); Doi Inthanon, Chom Thong 16 Sept. 1995, Nanakorn et al. 4396 6 (QBG); Mae Chaem District: Top area of Doi Inthanon in Doi Inthanon NP, 20 Dec. 1998, Konta et al. 4880 (BKF); Kio Mae Pan, Doi Inthanon, 21 Dec. 1997, Niyomdham 5244 (BKF); Doi Inthanon, 2 May 1921, Kerr 5312 (ABD, BK, BM, K, TCD); Doi Inthanon, Nov. 1986, Phengklai & Smitinand 6072 (BKF); ibid., 21 Aug. 1996, BGO Staﬀ 7117 7 (QBG); Doi Chiang Dao, 3 Dec. 1961, Smitinand & Anderson 7303 (BKF); Doi Inthanon NP, 4 Aug. 1988, Phengklai et al. 7416 (K); ibid., Phengklai et al. 7484 (BKF); ibid., 30 Oct. 1962, Smitinand et al. 7645 (BKF); Kio Mae Pan, Doi Inthanon, 28 Nov. 1996, BGO Staﬀ 7928 (QBG); Doi Inthanon, 31 Dec. 1974, Geesink et al. 7998 (K, L); Kio Mae Pan, Doi Inthanon, 20 Dec. 1998, Phengklai et al. 11394 (BKF); Doi Chiang Dao, 10 Nov. 1962, Smitinand & Poore 30238 (AAU); Doi Inthanon, 28 Nov. 1993, Larsen et al. 44980 (AAU); Doi Inthanon NP, forest trail at 42 km along summit road, 7 Oct. 1990, Chantaranothai NORTHERN: 197 et al. 90-626 6 (K); Doi Inthanon NP, summit of Doi Inthanon, 23 Sept. 1991, Maxwell 91-776 6 (AAU, E, P); higher elevation of Doi Inthanon, Payap District, 19 Dec. 1965, Tagawa et al. T-2856 6 (BKF); near Pagoda, the west side of the main route, Doi Inthanon, 4 Aug. 1988, Koyama T-61088 (BKF); Kio Mae Pan, Doi Inthanon, 1998, BGO Staﬀ s.n. (QBG)]; Unknown location [1987, Robson s.n. (AAU, BKF)]. Distribution.— Bhutan, Myanmar, China, India (Madras), Nepal, Vietnam. Ecology and phenology.— Primary evergreen forest, marshy ground, open savannah, swamp from 1850 to 2595 m elevation. Flowering: April–July. Fruiting: September–October. Vernacular.— Bua thong (บัวทอง) (BGO Staﬀ 7117). 7 Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 4. Hypericum japonicum Thunb. in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 702. (May–June) 1784; Thunb., Fl. Jap.: 295. (Aug.) 1784; Choisy, Prodr. Monogr. Hyperic.: 48. 1821; Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 5: 143. 1825; D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 219. 1825; Wight, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.: 99. 1834; Choisy in Zoll., Syst. Verz.: 151. 1854; Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 259. 1866; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 263. 1874; Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43: 84. 1874; Trimen, Fl. Ceylon 1: 93. 1893; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. 3(6): 215. 1895; Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 1: 101. 1899; Prain, Bengal Pl. 1: 243. 1903; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 284. 1910; Koord.-Schum., Syst. Verz.: 187. 1911–1914; Gamble, Fl. Madras: 69. 1915; Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa. 2: 51 1921; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 151. 1922; Lauterb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 5: 58. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 111. 1925; Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 59. 1926; M.R.Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 4: 222. 1928; Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya: 324. 1940; Y.Kimura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 54: 87. 1940; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 248. 1943; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 382. 1963; Ohwi, Fl. Jap.: 631. 1965; N.Robson in Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 8: 4–6. 1974; N.Robson: Taxon 39: 134– 135. 1990; H.W.Li & N.Robson, Fl. China 13: 34. 2007. ≡ Sarothra japonica (Thunb.) Y.Kimura et al., 198 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Map 1.4.1 Distribution of Mesua ferrea in Thailand. Map 2.1.1 Distribution of Hypericum elodeoides in Thailand. Map 2.1.2 Distribution of Hypericum henryi subsp. hancockii in Thailand. Map 2.1.3 Distribution of Hypericum hookerianum in Thailand. SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Nova Fl. Jap. 10: 235. 1951. Type: Japan, Honshu, Thunberg s.n. (lectotype UPS!, isolectotype: BM!: designation of a holotype by Robson [1985] is correctable under Art. 9.11 [Turland et al. 2018] to lectotype). — Hypericum chinense Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa 244. 1757, nom. rejic. prop. Type: China, Osbeck s.n. (holotype S!) (see note at end of description about rejection of the name). — Hypericum pusillum Choisy, Prod. Monogr. Hyperic.: 50. 1821. Type: not located. — Brathys laxa Blume., Mus. Bot. 2: 19. 1852. ≡ Sarothra laxa (Blume ) Y.Kimura, Nakai & Honda, Nova Fl. Jap. 10: 241. 1951.Type: Japan, Pierot 252 (lectotype: L [L0012247!], in sched.. Possible syntype: Japan, Keiske s.n. (L [L0012248!]). — Brathys japonica Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 19. 1852. Type: Japan, Siebold s.n. (holotype L!). — Hypericum calycatum Jacquem. ex Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 256. 1874. Type: Japan, Honshu, Thunberg s.n. (holotype? UPS!; isotype BM!). — Hypericum thunbergii Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 300. 1878. Types: Japan, Yokosaka, Savatier 158 (syntypes P [P04637564!, P04637565!, P04637566!, P04637568!, P04637570!], Japan, Sagone 3411 (not located). Annual or perennial herbs, with erect or decumbent branched stems, 15–45 cm long; stems green, approximately 3 mm wide at base, glabrous. Branchlets slender, stems quadrangular. Leaves sessile, papyraceous, decussate, sometimes glaucous beneath; blade 6–10 × 2–6 mm, ovate to lanceolate, base cordate-amplexicaul some auricled, apex rounded or obtuse, midrib green adaxially, light green abaxially, side veins 1–8 each side. Inflorescence 1–30-ﬂowered, 6–10 mm across, axes green, pedicels up to 1 cm long, ﬂowers terminal, mostly elongated inﬂorescences, sometimes solitary. Calyx sepals ± free, 2–6 mm long, elliptic to oblonglanceolate, subequal to unequal, apex acute to rounded, 3–5 longitudinal veins present, entire, light green, persistent. Corolla petals, orange-yellow; oblanceolate, obovate or elliptic, 2–5 × 1–1.5 mm long; persistent. Stamens 7–25 stamens per fascicle, ca 3 mm long, persistent, anthers yellow, ﬁlaments light orange. Ovary ovoid to subglobose; stigma, 199 style and ovary light green; styles 3. Fruit 3–5 mm long, globose, red. Seeds many, approximatelyy 0.5 mm long, cylindrical, brown or yellow, longitudinally ribbed. Thailand.— (Map 2.1.4): NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son [Khun Yuam, 4 Sept. 1974, Larsen & Larsen 34138 (AAU, K, P)]; Chiang Mai [Doi Inthanon, 23 Feb. 1983, Unknown collector 28 (K); Mai Muang Nao Arboretum, 12 Apr. 2001, Sankamethawee 157 (A); Chiang Dao, 7 July 1998, Pongamornkul 161 (QBG); Muang Fang, 6 June 1973, Sadakorm 227 (BK); Doi Suthep, 4 Mar. 1966, Chermsirivathana & Boonkird 434 (BK); Doi Suthep, 23 Mar. 1905, Unknown collector 485 (P); Doi Inthanon, 24 Mar. 1967, Chermsirivathana & Boonkird 730 (BK); ibid. 12 Aug. 1995, Pooma 1070 (BKF); Ob Luang tableland, along road from Bo Luang to Om Koi, 12 June 1968, van Beusekom & Phengklai 1188 (AAU, BKF, C, E, K, L, P); Doi Suthep, 23 Mar. 1937, Deignan 15266 (A); west of Fang, 25 Feb. 1958, Sørensen et al. 1663 (C); 10 km south of Bo Luang along the Om Koi trail, 2 July 1968, Larsen et al. 1942 (AAU, BKF, C, E, L, P); Doi Suthep, 14 Mar. 1958, Sørensen et al. 2701 (C); Mae Sanam, 27 June 1978, Phengklai et al. 4155 (BKF); Om Koi, 28 June 1978, Phengklai et al. 41677 (BKF); Doi Suthep, 23 Mar. 1905, Hosseus 485 (BM, K); Bo Luang, 7 June 1973, Geesink et al. 5833 (C, E, L, P); ibid., 12 June 1973, Geesink et al. 58677 (BKF, C, E, K, L, P); Chom Thong, 30 May 1979, Vidal et al. 6198 (P); Ban Tha Ma Kiang, Phrao, 14 June 1997, Nanakorn et al. 9204 (QBG); Om Koi, 20 Jan. 1966, Hansen et al. 10843 (C, K, L); near Bo Luang at 37 km, Hansen et al. 110177 (C); Doi Suthep, east side, above Khonthathan Falls, Muang, 26 Dec. 1988, Maxwell 88-1408 (L); Ban Pa Pae, Mae Taeng District, 7 Nov. 1990, Maxwell 90-1244 (A); Ban Tha Ma Kiang, San Sai Subdistrict, Phrao Valley, Phrao, 1 Aug. 1992, Maxwell 92-403 (A, E, P); summit of Doi Poa Lohn, Mae Seuk Subdistrict, Mae Jam District, 14 Jan. 1997, Maxwell 97-38 (A, BKF); Doi Inthanon, 23 July 1988, Tsugaru T-61735 (A, AAU, BKF); San Pa Tong, 10 Jan. 1986, Paiseeksantivatana Y 1742-866 (BK)]; Chiang Rai [Chiang Khien, 3 Mar. 1912, Kerr 2486 (BM, E, K, TCD); ibid., 3 Mar. 1912, Kerr 2486A (BM); Ban Dai, Sidonmun subdistrict, group 3, Chiang Saen, 6 Mar. 1989, Maxwell 89-312 (L)]; Nan [Doi Phu Kha NP, Pua, 4 Nov. 1999, Srisanga 1119 (QBG); ibid., 25 May 2000, Srisanga 1399 (QBG)]; Tak [Huai Khek, Lom Sak 23 Feb. 200 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 1964, Hansen et al. 11236 (BKF, C)]; NORTHLoei [Phu Kradung, 19 Mar. 1948, Juntabendlham 149 (BK); ibid., 19 Mar. 1974, Chermsirivathana & Boonkird 1885 (BK); ibid., 19 Mar. 1974, Chermsirivathana & Boonkird 1889 (BK); ibid., 16 Jan. 1966, Hennipman 3704 (BKF, C, L); ibid., 1970, Charoenphol et al. 4808 (AAU)]; Sakhon Nakhon [Phu Phan NP, ca 100 km west of Park HQ, 19 Oct. 1990, Chantaranothai & Parnell 90/799 (TCD)]; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum [Thung Kra Mang, Phu Khieo, 9 Aug. 1972, Larsen et al. 31604 (AAU, K, L, P)]; SOUTH-EASTERN: Chanthaburi [Pong Nam Ron, 11 Mar. 1956, Smitinand 32866 (BKF, K, L, P); Khao Phloi Waen, 10 Jan. 1930, Kerr 18049 (K, TCD)]; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani [Thung Luang, 1 Apr. 1927, Kerr 12512 (ABD, BM, K)]; Unknown location [Unknown collector 49 (KKU)] EASTERN : Distribution.— India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, China, S Korea, Taiwan, Russia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra to Irian Jaya), Philippines, South-East and South Australia, New Zealand. Ecology and phenology.— Deciduous forest, bamboo forest, wet grassland, bog, savannah from 50 to 2500 m elevation. Flowering: April–June (October). Fruiting: Apr.–June (November). Vernacular.— Bua thong (บัวทอง) ((Pongamornkul 161). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). Notes.— The name Hypericum chinense Osbeck has never been used since it was published. Merrill (1916) pointed out its priority over H. japonicum Thunb. in Murray but thought the name H. chinense L. applied to the same species. Hypericum chinense L. is a cultivated shrub and this name has been used almost exclusively in botanical and horticultural literature until 1985, when Robson (1985) pointed out the above synonymy. Since then H. chinense L. has been replaced by H. monogynum L., and H. japonicum Thunb. in Murray has been conserved over H. chinense Osbeck; see Robson (1990) for more information regarding the name. Robson (1985) uses the author citation ‘Thunb. ex Murray’ as the authority for a number of species of Hypericum, but Bartholomew et al. (1997) argue correctly that the citation should be Thunb. in Murray. 5. Hypericum patulum Thunb. in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 700. (May–June) 1784; Thunb., Fl. Jap.: 295, t. 17. (Aug.) 1784; Curtis, Bot. Mag. 50: t. 5693. 1823; Choisy in DC., Prod. 1: 545. 1824; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 254. 1874; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb.: 48. 1881; Gamble in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 248. 1943; Zollinger, Syst. Verz. 1–2: 151. 1854; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 429. 1882; Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 73. 1886; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Bot. 1: 60. 1891; Koehne, Deut. Dendrol.: 415. 1893; R.Keller, Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 638. 1897; Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 476. 1900; H.Lév., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 499. 1906; R.Keller in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 176. 1925; Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 15: 100. 1934; Y.Kimura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 54: 88. 1940; Y.Kimura in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 10; 100, f. 41. 1951; Lauener, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 27: 4. 1966; N.Robson, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95: 491. 1970; N.Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12(4): 261 1985; H.W.Li & N.Robson, Fl. China 13: 13. 2007. ≡ Komana patula (Thunb. in Murray) Y.Kimura ex Honda, Nom. Pl. Japonic. 509. 1939. ≡ Norysca patula (Thunb. in Murray) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 90. 1845. ≡ Eremanthe patula (Thunb. in Murray) K.Koch, Hort. Dendrol. 65. 1853. ≡ Komana patula (Thunb. in Murray) Y.Kimura ex Hisauti, Kikasyokubutsu, 179. 1950; cf. Y.Kimura, Nakai & Honda, Nova Fl. Jap. 10: 97, 99. 1951.Type: Japan, Thunberg s.n. (?holotype UPS!). — Hypericum uralum sensu Hance in J. Bot. 16: 104. 1878, non. H. uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don in Bot. Mag. 50: t. 2375. 1823. Type: Nepal, Narainhetty, Hamilton s.n. (lectotype BM!; designated by Robson in Robson et al. [2014]). — Hypericum argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 591. 1908; H. Lév., Fl. KouyTcheou. 198: 1914; H. Lév., Mem. Real. Acad. Ci. Barcelona 3(12): 553. 1916. Type: China, d’Argy s.n. (?holotype E!; isotype A [A00067732!]). Shrubs to 3 m tall; with spreading branches, greyish-brown. Branchlets terete, becoming 2-lined, thick, rough, dark brown to red-orange, scarring present. Leaves sessile to petioled, if petioled, up to 0.5–2 mm long, in whorls at top of branch and sparse along stems; blade 1.5–6.0 × 0.5–3.0 cm, lanceolate to oblanceolate or ovate, oblong or elliptic, base cuneate, apex acuminate to obtuse, light brown to SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) dark red smooth, delicate, margins undulate, midrib visible and prominent on upper surface, black on both surfaces, venation ± obscure, without intramarginal veins. Inflorescence pedicels 0.2–0.7 cm long, 1–15-ﬂowered. Calyx sepals ± free, 5–10 × 3.5–7 mm ovate to elliptic or oblong, imbricate, unequal or subequal, entire to sometimes denticulate, sometimes red. Corolla petals 1.2–1.8 × 1–1.4 cm, oblong to obovate, golden yellow, longitudinally striated. Stamens 50–70 stamens per fascicle, longest stamens 7–12 mm long; anthers bright yellow. Ovary ovoid; styles 4–5.5 mm long. Fruit ovoid. Seeds dark brown. Thailand.— (Map 2.1.5): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Doi Chiang Dao, 17 Aug. 1963, Smitinand et al. 1055 (BKF); ibid., 3 Mar. 1979, Koyama et al. 15639 (AAU, BKF); the swampy place and its’ vicinity of the summit, Doi Inthanon, 4 Aug. 1988, Tsugaru T-61869 (A, AAU, BKF); Doi Chiang Dao, 6 Mar. 1922, Kerr s.n. (BK)]. Distribution.— Myanmar, China, Japan, New Zealand, Sumatra, Vietnam. Ecology and phenology.— Open ridges from 1900 to 2520 m elevation. Flowering: May– September. Fruiting: July–October. Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Data Deﬁcient (DD). 201 Corolla petals 2–2.4 × 1.2–1.7 cm, obovate, yellow, some tinged red on dorsal side, longitudinal striations present. Stamens approximately 45–50 stamens per fascicle, anthers 10–11 mm long, oblong, yellow to orange. Ovary ovoid; styles 2.5–6 mm long. Fruit ovoid. Seeds approximately 1 mm long, orangebrown. Distribution — Thailand (Map 2.1.6): Chiang Mai [Doi Chiang Dao, 6 Jan. 1922, Kerr s.n. (K); K ibid., 10 July 1998, Pongamornkul 171 (QBG); ibid., 8 July 1998, Pongamornkul 392 (QBG); ibid., 17 Aug. 1963, Smitinand & Sleumer 1055 (L); ibid., 8 July 1998, Suksathan 1117 7 (QBG); ibid., 15 Oct. 2000, Suksathan 2842 (QBG); ibid., 15 Oct. 2000, Suksathan 2845 (QBG); ibid., 6 Jan. 1995, BGO Staﬀ 2895 (QBG); ibid., 7 Jan. 1995, BGO Staff 2919 (QBG); ibid., 10 Nov. 1962, Smitinand et al. 7789 (BKF, E); ibid., 27 Sept. 1971, Murata et al. T-15211 (AAU, K); ibid., 3 Dec. 1961, Smitinand & Anderson 25915 (K); ibid., 10 Nov. 1962, Smitinand & Poore 30328 (L); below the summit of Doi Chiang Dao, 14 Sept. 1967, Shimizu et al. T-10109 (BKF); Payap, Doi Chiang Dao, 7 Dec. 1965, Hennipman 32777 (L); Doi Chiang Dao, 26 Sept. 1971, Murata et al. T-15262 (BKF, K, P): higher elevation of Doi Chiang Dao, 26 Sept. 1971, Murata et al. T-15280 (BKF); Doi Chiang Dao, 13 Nov. 1922, Kerr s.n. (ABD, BM)]. NORTHERN: 6. Hypericum siamense N.Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12 (4): 240 1985. Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, Kerr s.n. (holotype BM [BM000617688!]; isotype ABD [ABDUH2/517!]). Ecology and phenology.— Limestone ridges, exposed cliﬀ edges from 1800 to 2200 m elevation. Flowering: July–January. Bushy shrubs, 0.7–3 m tall or perennial herbs. Branchlets terete, rigid, scars present, rough, internodes 0.5–2 cm long, brown to red. Leaves subsessile to sessile; blade 2.3–3.6 × 0.6–1.8 cm, lanceolate to elliptic to oblong or ovate-oblong, base cuneate to tapering, apex acute or acuminate, delicate, some glaucous, few black round glands present, midrib depressed in upper surface and pronounced on lower surface, midrib narrowing towards apex but still visible, brown/red on both surfaces, secondary veins and intramarginal veins visible, intersecondary veins and tertiary veins obscure. Inflorescence pedicels up to 1 cm long, solitary and axillary, or 1–5-ﬂowered and corymbiform. Calyx sepals free, 0.8–1.2 × 0.3–0.6 cm; triangular to ovate; imbricate or reﬂexed to spreading, unequal; longitudinal striations present. Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). Vernacular.— Bua thong (บัวทอง) ((Pongamornkul 392). 2. CRATOXYLUM Blume, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 9: 172, 174. 1823; Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 17. 1852; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 515. 1859; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 257. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 83. 1877; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb.: 48. 1881; King, J. Asiat Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 145. 1890; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pﬂanzenfam. 3(6): 215. 1895; Prain, Bengal Pl. 1: 245. 1903; Brandis, Indian Trees: 47. 1907; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 287. 1910; Gamble, Fl. Madras: 70. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 152. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. 202 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 1: 111. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. IndoChine 1(3): 251. 1943; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 383. 1963; Gogelein, Blumea 15: 454. 1967; Baas, Blumea 18: 369. 1970; N.Robson in Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 8: 4–6. 1974; Corner, Wayside Trees of 0DOD\DŁHornschuchia Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg: 15. 1823: nom. illeg. Type species: Cratoxylum hornschuchii Blume, nom. illeg.>Ł Hornschuchia hypericina Blume] Deciduous to evergreen trees or shrubs; all glabrous except C. formosum subsp. SUXQLÀRUXP; exudate yellow resinous sap turning black when dry. Leaves opposite, sessile to petiolate, entire, papyraceous, pellucid dots usually present, base attenuate to subcordate, apex rounded to cuspidate, venation eucamptodromous. ,QÀRUHVFHQFHs terminal panicles, or short terminal or axillary cymes. Calyx sepals 5, persistent, coriaceous, usually accrescent. Corolla petals 5, caducous to subpersistent, obovate, exceeding sepals, pink or white. Stamens 3 or 5 fascicles, DGHOSKRXVSHUVLVWHQWDQWKHUVGRUVL¿[HGVOHQGHU sometimes with a brown dot on the connective. Ovaryy 3–celled, ovoid to ellipsoid; styles free; ovules ±Seeds oblong, winged all round or partly winged; embryo erect. Distribution.— 6 species in Borneo, Myanmar, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, South and Southwest China, Philippines, Vietnam; 5 species in Thailand. K EY TO THE SPECIES )ORZHUVLQVPDOOFOXVWHUVRQROGOHDÀHVVWZLJV 2. Flowers white; leaves obovate, elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate or round; fruits 4–6 mm diam.; seeds 6–8 per loculus 3. C. formosum 2. Flowers dark red; leaves obovate, elliptic or oblong; fruits 2–4 mm diam.; seeds 5–6 per loculus 4. C. maingayi 1. Flowers on leafy twigs (YHUJUHHQWUHHXSWRPKLJKÀRZHUVLQWHUPLQDOS\UDPLGDOSDQLFOHVOHDYHVRERYDWHREODQFHRODWHREORQJRUHOOLSWLF 1. C. arborescens 'HFLGXRXVWUHHRUVKUXEXSWRPKLJKÀRZHUVLQVKRUWWHUPLQDOSDQLFOHVRUF\PHVOHDYHVREORQJHOOLSWLFRUODQFHRODWH /HDYHVVHVVLOHWRVXEVHVVLOHÀRZHUVQRWLQWKHD[LOVRIPDWXUHOHDYHVSHGLFHOVRIWHQORQJHUWKDQ±PP 5. C. neriifolium /HDYHVSHWLROHGVRPHÀRZHUVLQWKHD[LOVRIPDWXUHOHDYHVSHGLFHOV±PP 2. C. cochinchinense 1. Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 17. 1852; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 258. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 83. 1877; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 146. 1890; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 152. 1922; Engl. LQ(QJO 3UDQWO1DW3ÀDQ]HQIDPHG 184. 1925; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 22, 31. 1939; Meijer, Bot. News Bull. Forest Dept., Sabah 7: 64. 1967; Gogelein, Blumea 15: 471. 1967; N.Robson in Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 8: 4–6. 1974; Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya 1: 325. 1988; Phengklai & Niyomdham, Flora in peat swamp areas RI1DUDWKLZDWŁ Hypericum arborescens 9DKO6\PE%RWWŁ Vismia arborescens (Vahl) Choisy, Prodr. Monogr. Hyperic. 36. 1821. Type: India, 1778, König s.n. (holotype: C [10009464 !]. — Hypericum coccineum Wall., Numer. List. [Wallich] n. 4823. 1828. nom. nud. — Cratoxylum blancoii Blume, Mus. Bot. 2:17. 1852. Type: Philippines, Luzon, Antipolo, Ramos s.n. (Illustrative specimen/ neotype: Merrill 851, [US!]. — Ancistrolobus glaucescens Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 383. 1858. Type: Lobb 419 (lectotype: BM [BM000624819!], designated here)]; isolectotypes BM [BM000624818], KW [KW001000762!], L!). Evergreen trees to 45 m tall; outer bark scaly, reddish/brown, red hue obvious, glabrous; exudate not recorded. Branchlets young shoots with continuous interpetiolar scars. Leaves petioled, 0.5–1.0 cm long; red to green; blade 5–16 × 2–6 cm obovate-oblong to obovate-oblanceolate or elliptic, coriaceous, base cuneate to attenuate apex acute to cuspidate, numerous faint secondary veins present. ,QÀRUHVFHQFH a manyÀRZHUHGWHUPLQDOS\UDPLGDOSDQLFOHXVXDOO\ERUQH on leafy twigs; pedicels 0.2–0.4 cm long, slender, homostylous. Calyxx sepals 3.5–6 × 2–4.5 mm, obovate to oblong, concave. Corolla petals 4.5–7 × 2–5 mm, obdeltoid, usually caducous, deep red or pink or very rarely orange or white. Stamens 30–40 stamens per fascicle, 4–5 mm long, green-yellow. Ovaryy 1.5–2 mm long, pistil 3–5 mm. Fruit round to oblong; 7–9 × 4 mm. Seeds 10–18 per loculus; ca 5 × 0.8 mm, narrowly oblong. SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Thailand.— (Map 2.2.1): PENINSULAR : Narathiwat [Tak Bai, 22 July 1984, Niyomdham 23 (AAU, K); To Mo, Ban Bacho, 22 Apr. 1931, Lakshnakara 758 (BK, BM, K); Tak Bai, 25 May 1984, Niyomdham 829 (A, AAU, BKF, K); Tak Bai, Ku Chum, 15 Sept. 1987, Niyomdham & Sriboonma 1601 (AAU, BKF, E, K, L, P); Ben Yuan Yahng, Su-ngai Padi, 7 June 1987, Maxwell 87-532 (A, BKF, L, PSU)]. Distribution.— India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Java, Sumatra. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, peat swamp forest from near sea level to 460 m elevation. Flowering: May–September. Uses.— The wood is used for indoor construction. Vernacular.— Ngong ngang (โงงงัง) (Niyomdham ( 23); gawng ngahng (Maxwell 87-532). Conservation.— IUCN Global Status: Least Concern (LC); Regional (Thailand) Status: Critically Endangered (CR). 2. Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 17. 1852; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 26–27, 34. 1939; Smythies, Comm. Sarawak Trees: 69. 1965; Gogelein, Blumea 15: 463. 1967; N.Robson in Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 8: 4–6. 1974; Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya 1: 325. 1988; P.H.Hô, Ill. Fl. Vietnam 1(1): 579, f. 1604 1991; Thin, Sida 17: 742. 1997; S.Gardner et al., Field Guide Forest Trees N. Thailand: 49. 2000; H.W.Li et al., Fl. China 13: 36–37. 2007. ≡ Hypericum cochinchinense Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 472. 1790. ≡ Vismia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) 3: 350. 1826. Type: “In sylvis Cochinchinae”, Loureiro s.n. (not located). — Hypericum chinense Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 27. 1789; nom. illeg. ≡ Elodes [as Elodea] chinensis (?Retz.) Hance, London J. Bot. 7: 472. 1848. Type: China, “East China” (Hong Kong) possibly Bladh s.n. (isotype LD not seen). — Hypericum petiolatum auct. non L.: Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 479. 1790. ≡ Cratoxylum petiolatum (Lour) Blume., Mus. Bot. 2: 17. 1852. Type: China, “incultum propre Cantonem Sinarum”, Loureiro s.n. (not located). 203 — Hypericum biflorum Lam., Encycl. 4(1): 170. 1797; Hook & Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy. 173. 1833. Type: China. collector unknown (P-LAM? not located. ?Neotype: ?Gogelin 1967, publication not located, China, Bladh s.n. LD not seen, S! [S-11-34218]). — Hypericum pulchellum Wall., Numer. List. [Wallich] n. 4821. 1828. nom. nud. — Hypericum carneum Wall., Numer. List. [Wallich] n. 4820. 1828. nom. nud. — Hypericum horridum Wall., Numer. List. [Wallich] n. 4822. 1828; nom. nud. — Ancistrolobus ligustrinus Spach., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér.2, 5: 352, t. 6. 1836. Type: China, circa Macao herb. Decaisne s.n. (not traced). ≡ Cratoxylum ligustrinum Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 16. 1852; Merr., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24, 2: 268. 1935; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 34. 1939; Meijer, Bot. News Bull. Forest Dept., Sabah 7: 64. 1967; Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya 1: 325. 1988. — Ancistrolobus sp., Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 1: 3. 1840; nom. nud. — Cratoxylum polyanthum Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. 175, t. 36. 1842; Korth., Flora, 31:579. 1848; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 515. 1859; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 257. 1874; Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): 85. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 83. 1877; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 145. 1890; Brandis, Indian Trees: 47. 1907; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 287. 1910; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 152. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1:112. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 253. 1943. Type: Indonesia. Borneo, Korthals s.n. (lectotype L [L0012110!], designated by Gogelein [1967]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000624802!], NY [NY00084789!], L [L0012111!, L0012112!, L0012113!, L0012114!, L0012115!, L0012116!, L0012118!, L0012119!, L0012120!, L0012121!, L0012122!, L0012124!). — Cratoxylum myrtifolium Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 17. 1852. Type: Indonesia, Borneo, Korthals & Müller s.n. (syntype L [L0012125!]). — Cratoxylum wightiii Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 18. 1852. Type: Griﬃth 1104 (holotype CGE not seen; isotype E [E00438025!]). ≡ Cratoxylum polyanthum var. 204 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Map 2.1.4 Distribution of Hypericum japonicum in Thailand. Map 2.1.5 Distribution of Hypericum patulum in Thailand. Map 2.1.6 Distribution of Hypericum siamense in Thailand. Map 2.2.1 Distribution of Cratoxylum arborescens in Thailand. SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) wightii Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 25. 1874; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 21–36. 1939. — Elodes sp., Griﬀ., Notul. 4: 569. 1854; nom. nud. — Ancistrolobus brevipes Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou. 31(1): 383. 1858. Type: Singapore, Lobb 485 (isotypes BM [BM000624803!, BM000624804!], KW W [KW001000859!], W not seen). — Cratoxylum lanceolatum Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1: 500. 1861. Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Teysmann HB 3813 (holotype U [U0002393!]; isotypes K!, L!).— Cratoxylum polyanthum var. genuinum Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): 85. 1874; nom. inval. — Cratoxylum polyanthum var. macrocarpum Boerl., Cat. Hort. Bog. 62. 1901. Type: Indonesia, Boerlage s.n. (isotypes K!, L [L0012127!],). — Cratoxylum hypoleuca Elm., Leaﬂ. Philip. Bot. 5: 1787. 1913. Type: Philippines, Elmer 12913 (isotypes A [A00067463!], BM [BM000624805!], E [E00438024!], GH [GH00067464!], L [L0012126!], K!,P [P0476972!], U [U002394!], US[US00901797!, US00114120!], W not seen). Trees or shrubs 2–30 m tall; dbh 35 cm; outer bark deeply ﬁssured, yellow at cambium, sapwood white, heartwoodd brown, hard; exudate reddish-brown. Branchlets terete, smooth, light brown to dark brown, slender, delicate, scars present. Leaves petioled, 0.2–0.5 cm long; blade 2.9–12.1 × 1.0–4.7 cm, oblong to elliptic, base cuneate to attenuate, apex round, acuminate or acute, smooth and delicate to papyraceous to coriaceous and shiny, dark tan/red to light yellow/green, some glaucous, black dots present on upper surface, density of black dots varying with each leaf, midrib faint on both surfaces, a little more pronounced on lower surface but faint, narrowing approximately ½ mm towards apex; very faint on upper surface, light green to red/brown, secondary, intersecondary, tertiary and intramarginal veins visible on both surfaces, especially obvious on lower surface, veins not arising at same points on either side of midrib. Inflorescence flowering stems flattened, ﬂower on leafy twigs in axils of mature leaves (usually 2 per leaf pair), some also in terminal clusters, 1–5 ﬂowered, pedicels 0.1–0.2 cm long. Calyx sepals persistent, 5–7 × 2–5 mm, oval, obovate, obtuse, dull green to dark purple. Corolla petals 5–10 × 2.5–5 mm, red, crimson, pink or orange, longitudinal veins present on petals. Stamens 4–8 mm long, 45–55 205 stamens present per fascicle, sometimes congested. Ovary 2–3 mm long; style 1–3 mm long. Seeds (5–)6–8 per loculus, 6–8 × 2–3 mm, oblanceolate, elliptic or oblong. Thailand.— (Map 2.2.2): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Botanic Garden, Mae Rim, 30 Mar. 1998, Sucheera 6 (QBG); ibid., 25 Oct. 1993, BGO Staﬀ 63 (QBG); ibid., 6 June 1994, BGO Staﬀ 600 (QBG); ibid., 24 Mar. 1996, BGO Staﬀ 6109 (QBG); ibid., 30 Mar. 1998, Watthana 966 (QBG); ibid., 5 Nov, 1997, Watthana & Siriphum 22 (QBG); ibid., 5 July 1989, Pooma 2077 (BKF); Huai Pan, no date, Serm 115 (QBG); San Pan Si, QBG, Mae Rim, 9 July 2002, Glamwaewong 241 (QBG); Mae Ta, 23 Apr. 1922, Winit 714 (ABD, BKF, K); Doi Suthep, 4 Apr. 1910, Kerr 1080 (BM, C, K, L, TCD); Doi Suthep to Ban Neh, 30 Dec. 1921, Rock 1553 (A, K); Nov. 1960, Unknown collector 1938 (BK); Doi Suthep, 13 Apr. 1958, Sørensen et al. 2682 (BKF, C, K); ibid., 12 May 1958, Sørensen et al. 3369 (C, K); Doi Inthanon NP, 22 July 1988, Phengklai et al. 6746 (BKF, E, K); Mae Kahn, 11 Oct. 2001, Maxwell 01-514 (A, CMUB); Doi Lahn, 13 June 2003, Maxwell 03-130 (A, CMUB); Doi Suthep, 28 Apr. 1988, Maxwell 88-544 (L); Mae Kahn (Karen Village), Doi Luang NP, east side, Mae Dtawn Nai Village Area, 19 June 1997, Maxwell 97-679 (CMUB, BKF); along Mae Klang River, 30 July 1988, Fukuoka T-62376 6 (PSU); Ban Mae-Hoi, Chom Thong, Cholsuk s.n. (BKF)]; Chiang Rai [Payapri Village (Akha), 19 May 1997, Gardner & Sidisunthorn 2093 (A, CMUB); above Payapri Lao Mae Village, 25 Nov. 2005, Maxwell 05-646 (CMUB); Doi Giah, 10 Apr. 2006, Maxwell 06-295 (CMUB)]; Lamphun [Doi Khuntan NP, trail from Mah Meun Station to Pha Tup Falls, Mae Tha, 30 Apr. 1994, Maxwell 94-572 (A, CMUB)]; Phrae [Huai Khamin, RHS of Hui, 23 Aug. 1940, Somkid 467 7 (BKF)]; Sukhothai [Soke Phra Ruang Waterfall, 8 June 1972, Maxwell 72-280 (AAU, BK)]; Phitsanulok [Nong Hin, 21 May 1967, Phusomsaeng 218 (C, L); Thung Salaeng Luang, 19 July 1966, Larsen et al. 465 (AAU, BKF, L, P); Thong Nang Tow, 3 Dec. 1966, Prayad 561 (BK); Kaeng Sophi Waterfall, 10 Dec. 1966, Sangkhachand 585 (BK); Thung Salaeng Luang NP, ca 80 km east of Phitsanulok, 20 July 1973, Murata et al. T-16507 (BKF, L, P); ibid., 25 July 1973, Murata et al. T-17058 (C, K, L, P)]; Kamphaeng Phet [20 June 206 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 1930, Kiah 24350 (ABD)]; NORTH-EASTERN: Loei [Si Than Forest, Wang Saphung, 8 Apr. 1926, Din 204 (ABD, BK, BKF, K); Chung Pae, 6 May 1959, Khantchai 1045 (BKF, K, L)]; Sakon Nakhon [26 June 1932, Lakshnakara 1003 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, E, K)]; Nakhon Phanom [Tha-Uthen, 12 Aug. 1963, Pradit 422 (BK); ibid., 12 Aug. 1963, Pradit 4477 (BK)]; Khon Kaen [Kanchanapisaele Temple, Phu Wieng District, 25 Mar. 2003, Kantachote 168 (KKU)]; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima [Khao Yai NP, 18 July 1973, Murata et al. T-16272 (BKF, L, P)]; Surin [Rattana, 19 May 1965, Sakol 286 6 (BK); Vao Yai, 9 July 1963, Uarem? 408 (BK); between Loong & Kong Bung Pru Villages, 16 Oct. 2003, Maxwell 03-329 (CMUB)]; Ubon Ratchathani [UR Gene Conservation Station, Ban Bahai Village, Huai Yang Subdistrict, Khong Chiam, 18 Sept. 2001, Greijmans 183 (CMUB)]; SOUTH-WESTERN: Uthai Thani [Nong/Prue Forest, Ban Rai, 6 July 1963, Bunnak 957 7 (BKF); Kanchanaburi [Saneh Pawng Village, Sangkhlaburi District, 9 May 2003, Kansuntisukmongkol 83 (CMUB); near Neeckey, near Wangka, 29 Apr. 1946, Kwae Noi River Basin Exp. 274 (BK); Huai Aek, 24 Nov. 1969, Sangkhachand 1598 (BKF, C, K, L, P); Sadong, Salag Prah Wildlife Sanctuary, 20 Nov. 1971, van Beusekom et al. 4037 7 (BKF, C, K, L, P)]; Ratchaburi [Hua Hin–Pak Ta Wan, Ladell 204 (ABD, K); Nawng Ke, Apr. 1926, Collins 1571 (AAU, ABD, BK, K)]; Phetchaburi [Ang Num Yen, 16 Jan. 1969, Vachanapong 320 (BK); T. Nong Ya Pong, 14 Mar. 1965, Sakol 545 (BK); Huai Sai, Cha-am, 16 Mar. 2001, Puudjaa 935/1 (BKF)]; Prachuap Khiri Khan [Pranburi, Phengnaren 141 (BKF); Hua Hin, 5 Aug. 1920, Marcan 344 (BM, K); Sam Roi Yot, 25 Mar. 1987, Soejarto et al. 5785 (BKF, L); Nawng Kang, 8 July 1926, Kerr 10911 (AAU, ABD, BK, K)]; CENTRAL: Saraburi [Pukhae, Muang District, 1947, Dee 81 (BKF); Forestry Station, Pukhae, Thananan 24966 (BKF); Sahm Lan, 1 Dec. 1973, Maxwell 736977 (AAU, BK)]; Nakhon Nayok [Khao Yai NP, Muang District, along the road to Heo Suwat Falls near Lam Takhong Camping site at 43 km, 18 Aug. 2002, Aramwith 7 (A, CMUB); Pakphli District, 26 June 1991, Parinya et al. 36 6 (BK); Pakhli District, June 1991, Somprasong & Sangkhachand 49 (BK); ibid., 27 June 1991, Parinya et al. 60 (BK); Khao Yai NP, Muang District, 25 June 2001, Boonkongchart 69 (A, BKF, CMUB); ibid., 4 June 2002, Charoenchai & Poompuang 269 (CMUB); Khlong Sai Area, 9 Nov. 1997, Charoenchai 450 (CMUB); ibid., 14 Mar. 1998, Charoenchai 527 (BKF, CMUB); Tu Rean Forest, 1960, Bunpheng s.n. (L)]; SOUTH-EASTERN : Sa Kaeo [Aran Pratet, 18 Oct. 1928, Put 2023 (AAU, ABD, BK, K); Muang, Srisanit s.n. (BKF)]; Prachin Buri [5 Aug. 1920, Phengklai et al. 3711 (A, BKF, PSU)]; Chon Buri [Khao Nang Nom, Phanus Nikhom, 9 Apr. 1976, Vachance 60 (BK); Sri Racha, no date, Collins 126 (BM, K); ibid., June–Aug. 1913, Collins 199 (BM, C, E, K, L, TCD); low hill, back of Sri Racha, 16 Nov. 1926, Collins 1300 (AAU, ABD, K); Khao Chalak, near Sri Racha, 29 Aug. 1926, Collins 1453 (ABD, K); Khao Khieo Opened Zoo, 10 Dec. 2000, Phengklai et al. 12888 (BKF); Kasetsart University at Ao Udom, west side of Kow Hill, 23 Aug. 2003, Maxwell 03-236 6 (CMUB); Khao Khieo, Sri Racha District, 16 Feb. 1975, Maxwell 75-131 (BK); ibid., 11 Apr. 1975, Maxwell 75-420 (BK)]; Rayong [Chak Phong, Klaeng, 17 May 2004, Kertsawang 293 (QBG)]; Chanthaburi [Khao Sabap, Phlieo Waterfall, 16 June 1970, Vachanapong 100 (BK); no date, B.S. 170 (BKF); Ma Kuam, 22 Nov. 1930, Lakshnakara 482 (AAU, ABD, BK, E, K); outside entrance to river on the way to the lighthouse, Collins 5566 (K); Khao Sabap, Chanthabun, 5 July 1927, Put 890 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, C, E, K, L, P); Laem Ling, 8 Apr. 1923, Marcan 13477 (ABD); Phlieo Falls, 4 Apr. 1971, Maxwell 71-245 (AAU, BK, L)]; Trat [23 Aug. 1954, Sangkhachand 179A (L); Ko Chang, Khlong Son, 15 Apr. 1955, Bunnak 418 (A, BKF); Makham, 17 Mar. 1956, Sangkhachandd 629 (C, E, K, L, P); West slopes of Khao Sabap, 25 Feb. 1935, Seidenfaden 2683 (C); near Ban Saphan Hin, ca 60 km SE from Trat, 4 Aug. 1973, Murata et al. T-17628 (BKF)]; PENINSULAR: Chumphon [Pathio, 24 May 1969, Jaray 29 (BK); Tha Sae, 30 May 1969, Jaray 877 (BK); Bang Son, 9 Mar. 1928, Put 1469 (AAU, ABD, BK, C, E, K, L)]; Ranong [Kapoe, 18 Nov. 1965, Sangkhachand 1139 (C)]; Surat Thani [18 Aug. 1975, Prapat 477 (BKF, C, L); Khao Thapet, 5 June 1966, Sakol 1026 6 (BK); Ko Prob, 17 July 1966, Sakol 1387 7 (BK); Pha Phet, no date, Smitinand 5592 (BKF)]; Phangnga [Thung Chali, Nang Yo, 20 July 1979, Niyomdham et al. 356 (BKF, C, K, L, P); low hill along road, south of Takua Pa, 12 May 1968, van Beusekom & Phengklai 732 (AAU, BKF, C, E, K, L, P); Kopah, 14 Dec. 1907, Haniﬀ 2948 (BM, SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) K)]; Phuket [on way from Ton Sai Wildlife Reserve to Pa Klok, 7 July 1979, Niyomdham et al. 217 (BKF, C); Foothills of Khao Phra Mountain, 8 July 1972, Robson 30761 (AAU, E, K, P); Khao Phra Mountain, 8 July 1972, Larsen et al. 30764 (AAU, E, K, P)]; Krabi [Nai Chong, Amphoe Muang, 14 Apr. 1969, Chermsirivathana & Kasem 1327 7 (BK); Kho Pra-Bang Khram Wildlife Sanctuary, 15 Aug. 2006, Maxwell 06-590 (CMUB)]; Nakhon Si Thammarat [Chawang, 10 Aug. 1956, Sanan 767 (AAU, BKF, L); Chong Khao, Thung Song District, 31 Aug. 1982, Shimizu et al. T-28951 (BKF)]; Phatthalung [Khaun-kha-nun, 6 Sept. 1996, Purintavasagul 223 (PSU)]; Trang [Vanpruk 602 (K); Chum Het, 15 Apr. 1928, Kerr 15212 (ABD, BK, K): Si Kao, 18 Apr. 1930, Kerr 190177 (AAU, ABD, BK, K); near Med Plant Exp. Plot, Trang Hort. Exp. Sta., Amper Sikao, 28 July 1987, Paisooksantivatana & Sangkhachand Y-2135-87 (BK)]; Satun [Khuan Kalong, 10 May 1967, Unknown collector 365 (BKF); ibid., 9 May 1967, Phengnaren 496 (BKF, K, L, P)]; Songkhla [12 Sept. 1979, Udomsak 166 (PSU); Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, 20 km west of Hat Yai, 4 Aug. 1980, Students 22 (PSU); Hat Yai Municipal Park, Wat Kawn Chong, Hat Yai, no date, Congdon & Hamilton 22 (A, PSU); Ban Tun, Muang District, 16 Sept. 1980, Suwit 32 (PSU); Park, Hat Yai, 11 Sept.,1980, Students 36 6 (PSU); PSU Campus, 18 Oct. 1982, Peechate 37 7 (PSU); Tumbol Kho Sa Ba, The-Pha, 24 Nov. 1943, K.K. et al. 54 (PSU); Hat Yai, 16 Apr. 1960, Pradit 202 (BK); Khuan Mit, 29 Apr. 1979, Congdon & Hamilton 404 (PSU); Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai, 23 Aug. 1979, Srirugsa 404 (PSU); Khlong Hae, Hat Yai, 24 Apr. 1985, Vachanapong 654 (BK); Rataphum, 25 May 1970, Sutheesoen 1733 (BK); Tepa, 23 Mar. 1928, Kerr 14709 (ABD, BK, BM); Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai, 30 Oct. 1990, Larsen et al. 40938 (PSU); Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, 1 Nov. 1990, Larsen et al. 41030 (AAU, BKF, P, PSU); Khao Chum Sak, Hat Yai, 12 June 1992, Larsen et al. 42818 (AAU, P); Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai 25 May 1985, Maxwell 85-5377 (A, AAU, BKF, E, L, P, PSU); Khlong Hoi Khong, Hat Yai, 2 Oct. 1985, Maxwell 85-934 (AAU, BKF, L, PSU); near Boripath Waterfall, 12 Jan. 1978, Srirugsa PS21 (PSU); Tung Lung, 19 Apr. 1974, Vitchu V9 (PSU)]; Pattani [Banang Station, 2 July 1923, Kerr 73166 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, E, K), 8 Sept. 1923, Kerr 7745 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, E, 207 K)]; Yala [Muang, 28 July 1988, Saephu 8 (PSU)]; Narathiwat [Yi-ngo, 18 May 1961, Sangkhachand 155 (C, L, P); Tak Bai, 12 July 1983, Niyomdham 692 (BKF, C)]; Unknown locations [5 Dec. 1921, Vanpruk 298 (BKF, K); Jan.–May 1927, Squires 333 (E); 1862–1866, Thorel 1062 (E); 22 Apr. 1958, Sørensen et al. 3015 (C); 1862, Pierre 32366 (E); %LWVHQXORNH *URৼ (K); Vanpruk s.n. (BKF, K); Godefroy-Lebeuf s.n. (K). Distribution.— Myanmar, China, Indochina, Malay Peninsula,Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra. Ecologyy and phenology.— Evergreen, deciduous or tropical rainforest, savannah, scrub from near sea level to 1100 m elevation. Flowering: March–June. Fruiting: August. Vernacular.— Teo (êĉüĚ ) ((Ladell 204); taew (Ēêšü) (Bunnak 418); ) tiu kliang (êĉĚüđÖúĊĚ÷Ü) (%*26WDৼ); tarat ki tai (êćĒøé×ĊĚĕêš) (Sangkhachand 179A); seu gwae joh (Maxwell 01-514). Conservation.— IUCN Global & Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 3. Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 258. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 83. 1877; King,n J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 145. 1890; Koord. & Val., Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 5: 137. 1900; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 287. 1910; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1:152. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 111. 1925; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 23, 28. 1939; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 251. 1943; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 383. 1963; Meijer, Bot. News Bull. Forest Dept., Sabah 7: 64. 1967; Gogelein, Blumea 15: 467. 1967; N.Robson in Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 8: 4–6. 1974; Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya 1: 325. 1988; P.H. Hô, Ill. Fl. Vietnam 1(1): 578, f. 1602. 1991; Thin, Sida 17(4): 742. 1997; H.W.Li et al., Fl. China 13: 37–38. Ł Elodes formosa Jack, Malay. Misc. 2(7): ŁTridesmis formosa Korth., Verh. Nat. *HVFK %RW W Ł Tridesmis jackii Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 5: 352. 1836. Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Jack s.n. (holotype CAL!) Trees to 8 m tall; dbh 10 cm; outer bark thick, VFDO\DQGÀDNLQJLQQHUEDUNZLWKZDWHU\H[XGDWH Branchlets larger branches armed with long stout thorns, stems spiny, brown, interpetiolar scars 208 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 interrupted. Leaves petioled, petiole 0.2–0.8 cm long; blade 0.2–10.4 × 1.3–4 cm, oval, elliptic, lanceolate, round, oblanceolate or obovate, light green, some yellow/green or brown/red, base cuneate, few being almost angustate, apex acute, round, obtuse, acuminate or cuspidate, midrib faint adaxially, obvious abaxially, narrowing towards apex, veination netted, obvious on some leaves, faint on others, secondary, intersecondary, tertiary and intramarginal veins present, veins not arising from same points on both sides of the midrib, 7–12 pairs of very obvious side veins joined in loops near margins. ,QÀRUHVFHQFH in FOXVWHUVRIÀRZHUHGF\PHVRI±RQROGOHDÀHVV twigs, pedicels 0.3–1(–1.5) cm long. Calyx sepals 5–7 × 2–3 mm, oblong to elliptic, persistent,greengrey. Corolla petals, 5; obovate to oblong; persistent?, ÀRZHUVZKLWH Stamens fused into 3 slender fascicles of 20–30 stamens, anthers round, slightly shorter than the styles. Ovary 2–4.5 mm long, styles 3, 2–8 mm long, green, glabrous. Fruit 4–6 mm, oval, oblong, obovate with pointed tip purple/deep red; pedicel 6–11 mm long, hairy; covered by persistent sepals at base. Seeds 6–8 per loculus, 6–7.5 × 2–4 mm, obovate, oblong or oblanceolate. K EY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF C. FORMOSUM 1. All parts glabrous 1. Young twigs, pedicels, calyx and leaves pubescentt 1. subsp. formosum — Hypericum biflorum (non Lamark) Choisy in DC., Prod. 1:546. 1824. Type: China, ?König. — Tridesmis ochnoides Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 5: 359. 1836; Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 2(5): 351, t. 4a. 1836; Blume, Mus. Bot. 2:18. 1852. Type: ?holotype: FI [FI1005999!], possible first stage lectotype, see Gogelein, Blumea 15468-469. 1967. — Hypericum aegiptium Blanco, Fl. Filip. 615. 1837. Type: Philippines, Palawan, Taytay, Merrill Species Blancoanae 632 (Illustrative specimen/ neotype)([S!]). — Cratoxylum pentadelphum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Naturalistes Moscou 36: 580. 1863. Type: Indonesia, Java, +RUV¿HOGVQ (lectotype KW W [KW001000481!], designated here; isolectotypes BM!, CGE not seen). All parts glabrous; connective without glands. Thailand.— (Map 2.2.3a): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Doi Suthep, 15 Apr. 1909, Garrett 32 (K)]; Sukhothai [29 Apr. 1964, Pradit 899 (BK)]; NORTHEASTERN: Kalasin [Kalasin Morning Market, A. Muang Kalasin, 28 Jan. 1990, Widmer 30 (BKF)]; Maha Sarakham [Pa Khok Dang Khaeng, Maha Sarakham University, 10 May 1996, %*26WDৼ (QBG)]; Khon Kaen [Nam Phong, 22 June 2003, Chantaranothai et al. s.n. (KKU)]; EASTERN : Chaiyaphum [Pa-Hin-Ngam Forest Park, 17 Mar. 1993, Suddee 26 6 (BKF); East Chaiyaphum, 18 Apr. 1971, Chaloenphol 85 (L); Pak Pang via Chaiyaphum, 30 Jan. 1931, Kerr 19970 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, 1. subsp. formosum 2. subsp. SUXQLÀRUXP C, E, K)]; Roi Et [Kasetwisai, Ban Nam Om, 9 June 1982, Paisooksantivatana & Sutheesoem Y1027-82 (BK)]; Si Sa Ket [Kantharalak District, 24 Mar. 1966, Sangkhachand 203 (BK); ibid., 24 Mar. 1966, Sangkhachand 208 (BK); ibid., 28 Mar. 1966, Sangkhachand 214 (BK); ibid., 12 Apr. 1966, Sangkhachand 245 (BK)]; Ubon Ratchathani [Nam Tok Sae, NE, 26 Feb. 1967, Phusomsaeng 33 (BKF, C, E, K, L, P); Wormchumsak, 25 Feb. 1961, Chirayupin 187 (BK); Dong Phahuan, no date, Niyomdham 4598 (AAU)]; SOUTH-WESTERN : Kanchanaburi [Dongyai, 14 Aug. 1971, Phengklai et al. 2928 (C, E, K, L); Between Kritee & Meung Chah, 7 July 1973, Geesink & Phengklai 6169 (C, E, K, L, P)]; Prachuap Khiri Khan [Khlong Lah Met, 17 July 1921, Winit 628 (ABD, BK, BKF); Huai Yang Forest Reserve, 21 Apr. 1997, Lamkay 40-112 (KKU); no date, Godefroy-Lebeuf s.n. (K)]; CENTRAL : Saraburi [Sam Lan, 30 Mar. 1974, Maxwell 74-219 9 (AAU, BK, BKF); Sam Lan Forest, Muang District, 15 June 1974, Maxwell 74-590 (AAU, BK, L)]; Nakhon Nayok [Pakphli District, June 1991, Somprasong & Sangkhachand 53 (BK); Kao Sila, 25 Mar. 1975, Sutheesoen 3242 (BK)]; SOUTH-EASTERN: Sa Kaeo [Aran Pratet, 18 Oct. 1928, Put 2020 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, E, K); Prachin Buri [Taphraya, 4 Jan. 1966, S. & J. 2093 (BK)]; Chon Buri [Sri Racha Forest, 16 miles inland from sea, Aug. 1913, Collins 159 (AAU, BK. E, K); Sri Racha Forest, Collins 578 (K); Sri Racha Forest, Khong Yai Bu, 29 Mar. 1921, Collins 723 (ABD, E, K, TCD); Sri Racha Forest, 4 Mar. 1920, Kerr 4033 SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) (ABD, BM, K, TCD); Chantalen Falls, 18 Dec. 1974, Chermsirivathana & Sangkhachand 1969 (BK); Ko Khram, Sattahip, 14 Aug. 1999, Phengklai et al. 119300 (BKF); Ang Chong Nam, Ban Bueng District, 29 Feb. 1976, Maxwell 76-129 (BK, P)]; Rayong [Chak Phong, Klaeng, 3 Apr. 2004, Kertsawang 252 (QBG)]; Chanthaburi [Laem Sing, 8 Apr. 1923, Marcan 1339 (ABD, BM); Makam, 8 Apr. 1959, Smitinand 5751 (AAU, BKF, L); Plain of Makam, 9 Apr. 1959, Sørensen et al. 7232 (C)]; Trat [Leam Koh, 28 Mar. 1955, Sangkhachand 355 (BKF, L); Ko Chang Noi, Schmidt 696 6 (C, K); Amphoe Khao Saming to Khlung, 2 Jan. 1930, Kerr 17923 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, C, K, L)]; PENINSULAR: Chumphon [Phon, 16 Mar. 1958, Sørensen et al. 2142 (C, K)]; Surat Thani [Na Muang Falls, Ko Samui, 2 June 1960, Chirayupin 152 (BK); Ko Samui, 8 Apr. 1927, Kerr 12539 (ABD, BK, BM, E, K); Ban Na San, 13 Aug. 1927, Kerr 13324 (AAU, ABD, BK, E, K)]; Phangnga [Khao Nanghong, 9 May 1967, Sutheesoen 2563 (BK)]; Krabi [Sakeo, 23 Dec. 1924, Kerr 9748 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, C, E, K, L)]; Trang [Angtong Falls, Sikao District, 16 Oct. 1978, Taworn 78 (PSU); Amphoe Nayong, Khao Chong NP, trail from Botanic Gardens HQ to Ton Yai, 9 July 2000, Middleton et al. 345 (A, E, TCD); Khao Chong, 10 Mar. 1966, Bunnab 415 (BKF); ibid., 16 June 1973, Phusomsaeng et al. 1594 (BKF); ibid., 18 Mar. 1969, Sangkhachand 1798 (BKF); ibid. 25 June 1969, Sangkhachand 1913 (BKF); ibid., 8 Mar. 1976, Chermsirivathana 2203 (BK); Trang Forest near Chong Waterfalls, 18 Sept. 1933, Collins 2357 (AAU, BM, K, P); Chong, 20 Aug. 1935, Smitinand 2960 (BKF, L); Ko Libong, 21 Apr. 1930, Kerr 190566 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, E, K); Khao Chong, 12 Mar. 1974, Larsen & Larsen 33255 (AAU, C, K, P); ibid., 13 Aug. 1975, Maxwell 75-831 (BK, L)]; Satun [Khlong Ton, 10 Mar. 1928, Kerr 14431 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, K K)]; Songkhla [near Suanisan Restaurant, Hat Yai, 16 Sept. 1991, Pollawat 6 (PSU); Hat Yai. Khuan Mit, 29 Apr. 1979, Congdon 404 (AAU, BKF); Hat Yai, Kho Hong Hill, summit ridge, 31 Mar. 1985, Maxwell 85-348 (A, BKF, E, L, PSU); ibid., 10 Oct. 1985, Maxwell 85-946 6 (A, AAU, L, PSU)]; Narathiwat [Bacho, 18 Apr. 1961, Sangkhachand 65 (C)]; Unknown location [Apr. 1870, Pierre 1466 (E)]. Distribution.— Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines 209 Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, deciduous forest, beach, scrub area from 20 to 900 m elevation. Flowering: March–June. Fruiting: April–October. Vernacular.— Tao (แตว) ((Kerr 14431); teo (ติว้ ) ((Kerr 9748)); tao-som (แตวสม) (Sangkhachand 355); tiu khaao (ติ้วขาว) ((BGO Staﬀ 3). Uses.— The wood is used in construction. Conservation.— IUCN Global & Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 2. subsp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogelein, Blumea 15: 469. 1967; S.Gardner et al., Field Guide Forest Trees N. Thailand: 48. 2000. ≡ Tridesmis pruniflora Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat Hist. 41(2): 293. 1872. ≡ Cratoxylum pruniflorum (Kurz) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat Hist. 43(2): 84. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1:84. 1877; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 113. 1925. ≡ Cratoxylum prunifolium (Kurz) Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 258. 1874; Brandis, Indian Trees, 47. 1907; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 287. 1910; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1(3): 251. 1943.Type: Myanmar, Kurz s.n. (not located, probably CAL). — Hypericum prunifolium Wall., Numer. List. [Wallich] 7276. 1828; nom. nud. — Cratoxylum dasyphyllum Hand.-Mazz., Sinensia 2: 4. 1931. Type: China, Ching 7980 (isotypes L [L0012128!], NY [NY00084786!], W not seen). Young twigs, pedicels, calyx and leaves pubescent; connective with glands. Thailand.— (Map 2.2.3b): NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son [Khun Yuam, 4 Apr. 1977, Nimanong et al. 17877 (PSU); Di Bao-hae, Mae Sariang, 23 Apr. 1973, Sutheesoen 2379 (BK)]; Chiang Mai [Botanic Garden, Mae Rim, 18 Oct. 1993, BGO Staff 6 (QBG); ibid., 21 Mar. 1996, Morakot 8 (QBG); ibid., 30 Mar. 1998, Watthana 98 (QBG); ibid., 6 Apr. 1994, BGO Staff 587 (QBG); Mae Sanam Arboretum, 17 Apr. 2000, Sankamethawee 110 (CMUB); Doi Suthep, 1 Apr. 1949, Soradetch 426 (BKF); Chom Thong, Fang, Pong Namron, 17 Aug. 1968, Phengnaren 579 (BKF, L); Doi Suthep, 27 Apr. 1909, Kerr 611 (BM, K, P, TCD); Doi Pha Dam, between Hang Dong & Bo Luang, 5 July 1968, Larsen et al. 2152 (AAU, BKF, E, L, P); Doi Suthep, Sørensen et al. 2910 (C): Mae Sa Mai, 30 Mar. 1996, 210 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 BGO Staﬀ 62166 (QBG); Doi Inthanon NP, 4 May 1996, BGO Staﬀ 6389 (QBG); ibid., 18 July 1988, Phengklai et al. 6551 (C, K); Doi Suthep, east side, Huai Kaeo Falls Area, 4 July 1987, Maxwell 87-604 (BKF, L); Muang District, Doi Suthep, east side, East side of Khonthathan Falls Area, 6 Apr. 1988, Maxwell 88-430 (AAU, BKF, L); Jawn Tong, 19 July 1991, Maxwell 91-661 (A, AAU, E, P); Jawn Tong, Mae Soi Valley, Mae Soi Subdistrict, without date, Maxwell 90-525 (L); Muang District, east side of the Central University Library, Chiang Mai University, 11 May 1992, Maxwell 92-213 (A, CMUB, E); Mae Pah Boo (Karen Village), 23 May 1995, Maxwell 95-428 (A, CMUB); Doi Lahn, 18 Sept. 1996, Maxwell 96-1204 (A, BKF, CMUB); Doi Bah Gluay, 3 May 1997, Maxwell 97-434 (A, BKF, CMUB); Jahm Luan Subdistrict, Huay Yah Dtai (Karen) Village, slopes along Mae Jon River, 11 June 1998, Maxwell 98-649 (A, CMUB, L); Doi Suthep-Pui NP, 22 Mar. 2000, Maxwell 00-148 (A, CMUB); Doi Inthanon NP, 2 Dec. 1998, Hara C533 (CMUB); Mae Ya Waterfall, Doi Inthanon, 29 Nov. 1999, Hara E98 (CMUB); Tad Noi, Somthong, 14 Feb. 1938, Taengsuwan s.n. (BKF); Me Tun, 28 Apr. 1915, Winit 315 (BM, K K)]; Chiang Rai [Khun Chae NP, 5 Apr. 1998, Maxwell 98-397 (BKF, CMUB); Doi Luang NP, 29 May 1998, Maxwell 98-604 (A, BKF, CMUB)]; Lamphun [Ban Pha Mon (Chom Thong), 31 May 1979, Vidal et al. 6205 (BKF, E, K, L, P); Doi Khun Tan NP, 1 May 1994, Maxwell 94-579 (A, CMUB); ibid., 28 Sept. 1994, Maxwell 94-1050 (A, CMUB)]; Forest at Jaehomwitthaya School, 19 Apr. 2000, Panatkool 2577 (A, CMUB); ibid., 21 May 2000, Panatkool 309 (A, CMUB); ibid., 25 Mar. 2001, Panatkool 481 (A, CMUB); Me Kang, 29 Apr. 1925, Winit 1403 (ABD, BK, BKF, K); Muang Ngao, 16 July 1931, Put 4013 (ABD, BK, BM, E, K); Ngao, Pratu-pha, 2 Sept. 1996, Phengklai & Fukuoka 10127 (BKF); Huai Tak, 28 May 1954, Tharawattananon BKF 40372 (BKF); Doi Luang NP, 22 Apr. 1997, Maxwell 97-386 6 (A, CMUB)]; Phrae [Huai Mae Sai, Padaeng District, 21 May 1949, Sukket 3 (BKF); Wang Mon, 19 Feb. 1912, Vanpruk 285 (BKF, K); Huai Khamin, 23 Aug. 1940, Somkid 468 (BKF)]; Tak [Lan Sang, 31 May 1973, Geesink et al. 5596 (C); Lan Sang NP, 22 July 1973, Murata et al. T-16683 (BKF, P)]; Phitsanulok [Thung Salaeng Luang, 19 July 1966, Larsen et al. 468 (AAU, BKF)]; Nakhon Sawan [Khlong Lan, 2 km from Tr. in southerly direction, 12 Aug.,1998, van de Bult 79 (BKF, CMUB)]; NORTH-EASTERN: Phetchabun [ Sangkhachand 3112 (C, L)]; Loei [Namtok Tad Hueang, Na Haeo, 9 Dec. 1996, BGO Staff 27 (QBG); ibid., 7 Nov. 1995, BGO Staﬀ 120 (QBG); Si Tang, Wang Saphung District, 19 Mar. 1952, Smitinand 1216 6 (BKF); Na Haeo, 28 July 1995, BGO Staﬀ 39766 (QBG); HQ-Phu Son, Phu Ruea NP, 12 Dec. 1996, BGO Staﬀ 81844 (QBG)]; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum [18 Apr. 1971, Chaloenphol 85 (BK); Nam Phrom, 10 Dec. 1971, van Beusekom et al. 4100 (C)]; Buri Ram [Lam Nong Rong, 23 Mar. 1920, Suksakorn 892 (K)]; Surin [3 Dec. 1976, Phengklai et al. 3590 (PSU)]; Si Sa Ket [Kantharalak 6 (BK)]; District, 21 Apr. 1966, Sangkhachand 296 SOUTH-WESTERN : Kanchanaburi [Saneh Rawng Village, Sangklaburi, 19 May 2003, Kansuntisukmongkol 186 6 (A, CMUB); Thung Yai Naresuan West Wildlife, Thong Pha Phum, 14 Apr. 2006, van de Bult 885 (CMUB); near Kin Sayok about 120 km north west of Kanburi, 12 July 1946, Kostermans 10900 (A, C, L); Dongyai, 14 Aug. 1971, Phengklai et al. 2928 (AAU); Ban Kao, 17 Nov. 1961, Larsen 8297 7 (C); 12 Mar. 1926, Kerr 10604 (ABD, BK, BM, E, K, TCD); Muang Cha Area, Sangkhla Buri District, 8 July 1973, Maxwell 73-208 (BK)]; CENTRAL: Saraburi [Sam Lan Forest, Muang District, 19 May 1974, Maxwell 74-528 (AAU, BK); ibid., 8 Feb. 1975, Maxwell 75-108 (BK, L)]; Nakhon Nayok [Muang District, 3 May 2002, Charoenchai & Poompuang 246 6 (CMUB)]; SOUTHEASTERN: Chon Buri [Sri Racha, 4 Mar. 1920, Kerr 4034 (ABD, BM, K); Khao Khieo, Sri Racha District, 2 Feb. 1975, Maxwell 75-102 (BK, L); Phra Chedi mountain, Ko Kieo, Sri Racha, 11 Apr. 1975, Maxwell 75-419 (BK, L)]; Chanthaburi [28 Mar. 1956, Sangkhachand 640 (L); Soi Dao, Larsen 10015 (C); Khao Phra Bat, north of Chanthaburi, 27 Aug. 1972, Larsen et al. 32141 (AAU, E, K, P)]; PENINSULAR: Krabi [Kow Pra-Bahng Krahm Wildlife Sanctuary, 30 Mar. 2006, Maxwell 06-240 0 (CMUB)]; Unknown locations [1914, Vanpruk 479 (P); Truck Lek, 25 Apr. 1922, Marcan 7377 (BM); Muan Jawn, 3 Apr. 1922, Kerr s.n. (BK, P); Kerr s.n. (BM)]. Distribution.— Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia Vietnam, southern China. Ecology and phenology.— Evergreen forest, deciduous forest, rocky dipterocarp savannah, on limestone from 20 to 950 m elevation. Flowering: March–May. Fruiting: April–November. SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Vernacular.— Teaw (ติ้ว) (BGO Staﬀ 27); ) ragein (ราเงง) (Sangkhachand 640); tiu khon (ติ้วขน) ((BGO Staﬀ 6); tiu daeng (ติ้วแดง) (Watthana 98); tiu (ติว้ ) (BGO ( Staﬀ 8184); sah gwe jo (Maxwell 95-428); sih weh jo (Maxwell 98-604). Uses.— The bark is used as a medicine to treat diarrhoea in domestic animals and the young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. (Li et al., 2007). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 4. Cratoxylum maingayi Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 258. 1874; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 145. 1890; Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 19. 1909; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1:152. 1922; Gogelein, Blumea 15: 470. 1967; N.Robson in Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 8: 4–6. 1974; Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya 1: 325. 1988; Phengklai & Niyomdham, Flora in peat swamp areas of Narathiwat: 197. 1991; S.Gardner et al., Field Guide Forest Trees N. Thailand: 49. 2000. Type: Malaya, Malacca, Penang, Maingay 145 (isotypes BM [BM000624807!], CAL not seen, CGE not seen, K!, L [L0012144!, L0012145!]). — Cratoxylum harmandii Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: t. 53. 1882; Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 18. 1909. Type: Vietnam, Harmand 3235 (?holotype P [P001901062!]; isotype L [L0012143!]). — Cratoxylum formosum var. thorelii Pierre ex Gagnep., Notul. Syst. 1; 19. 1909. Type: Cambodia, Grand-Lac, Godefroy 295 (?holotype P [P01901063!, P01901064!]; isotypes L [L0012142!], K!. — Cratoxylum cochinchinense var. calcareum Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 115. 1938. Type: Indonesia, Borneo, Haviland 1463 (lectotype SING [SING0062298!], Designated here; isolectotypes K!, L [L0012146!]). — Cratoxylum acuminatum Merr., Papers Mich. Acad. Sc. 23: 185. 1938. Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Rahmat Si Boeea 7687 (lectotype SING [SING0062299!]), designated here; isolectotypes A [A000677446!], L [L0043274!], MICH [MICH1115534!], S [S11-34223!]. — Cratoxylum subglaucum Merr., Papers Mich. Acad. Sc. 23: 186. 1938. Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Rahmat Si Boeea 7907 7 (isotypes A [A00067448!], L!, MICH [MICH1115536!], S [S-G-1700!], SING [SING0062300!]). 211 — Cratoxylum parvifolium Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 56. 1938. Type: Vietnam, Clemens & Clemens 3454 (lectotype A [A00067445!], designated here; isolectotypes BM [BM000624784!], L!, MICH [MICH1115535!], P [P01901058!], U [U226859!], US!, W not seen). — Cratoxylum thorelii Pierre ex Gagnep., Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 252. 1943. Type: Cambodia, Compon Luong, Thorel 2065 (?holotype P [P01901059!]; isotypes L [L0012141!], P [P01901060!, P019001061!]). Deciduous shrubs or trees to 20 m tall, outer bark of many, thin ﬂaking layers, brown, inner bark brown; exudate yellow. Leaves petioled, 0.5–1 cm long; blade 2–9 × 1–4.5 cm, obovate to elliptic to oblong, coriaceous, base round to cuneate, apex acute to round, midrib dark green adaxially, greyish-pale to light green adaxially, secondary veins present, raised on both surfaces. Inflorescence pedicels light green, 0.2–0.6 cm long, axillary cymes of 2–4 ﬂowers on leaﬂess twigs, ﬂowers pink-white. Calyx sepals 2.5–5 × 1–3 mm, oblong, light green. Corolla petals 6–12 × 2–5 mm, elliptic, dark red, lateral veins present. Stamens numerous, anthers cream; ﬁlaments white. Ovary 2–3 mm long, styles as long as petals. Fruit 2–4 mm diam., oblong to acute. Seeds winged, 5–6 per loculus, oblong to ovate-oblong. Thailand.— (Map 2.2.4): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Maesa Botanic Garden, 5 July 1989, Pooma 2077 (CMUB); Muang Fang, 3 June 1992, Maxwell 92-255 (A, CMUB, E, P); Doi Suthep-Pui NP, SW side oﬀ road to Sisangwen Falls, Hang Dong District, 5 Nov. 1992, Maxwell 92-666 6 (CMUB, P); Mae Pah Boo (Karen Village), 23 May 1995, Maxwell 95-426 (A, CMUB)]; NORTH-EASTERN: Nakhon Phanom [Phu Phan NP, 14 Dec. 1982, Koyama et al. T-31004 (A, BKF)]; PENINSULAR : Ranong [Kapoe, 18 Nov.1965, Sangkhachand 1139 (BKF, K, L)]; Trang [Khao Chong, 26 Oct. 1965, Boonnab 92 (BKF)]; Narathiwat [Pawai, Su-ngai Padi, 9 Sept. 1985, Niyomdham et al. 928 (A, AAU, BKF, C, K, L)]. Distribution.— Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Sarawak, Sumatra. Ecology and phenology.— Lowland forest, peat swamp forest from near sea level to 850 m elevation. Flowering: May–June. Fruiting: November– December. Vernacular.— Taeo ( แต ว )(Sangkhachand 1139); sah gwee jo (Maxwell 95-426). 6 212 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Map 2.2.2 Distribution of Cratoxylum cochinchinense in Thailand. Map 2.2.3a Distribution of Cratoxylum formosum subsp. formosum in Thailand. Map 2.2.3b Distribution of Cratoxylum formosum subsp. pruniflorum in Thailand. Map 2.2.1 Distribution of Cratoxylum maingayi in Thailand. SYSTEMATICS OF THE THAI CALOPHYLLACEAE AND HYPERICACEAE WITH COMMENTS ON THE KIELMEYEROIDAE (CLUSIACEAE) (C. BYRNE, J.A.N. PARNELL & K. CHAYAMARIT) Conservation.— IUCN Global & Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 5. Cratoxylum neriifolium Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41(2): 293. 1872; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 257. 1874; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 85. 1877; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb.: 48. 1881; Prain, Bengal Pl. 1: 244. 1903; Brandis, Indian Trees, 47. 1907; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 1(4): 291. 1910; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 112. 1925; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. IndoChine 1(3): 254. 1943. ≡ Cratoxylum sumatranum Blume subsp. neriifolium (Kurz) Gogelein, Blumea 15: 463. 1967; S.Gardner et al., Field Guide Forest Trees N. Thailand: 49. 2000. Syntypes: Myanmar, Chittagong, Pegu Myanmar, Kurzz (not located). — Hypericum neriifolium Wall., Numer. List. 4824 ((pro parte). 1828, nom. nud. Deciduous trees 7–20 m tall; dbh 40 cm; outer bark thick, roughly cracked and flaking, black, fissured, very rough; exudate not recorded. Branchlets terete to ﬂattened, smooth, scars absent, black to black-red to green. Leaves sessile; blade 5.7–10.3 × 1.5–3.1 cm, lanceolate to elliptic to oblong coriaceous and tough, occasionally glaucous, base rounded to slightly cordate, apex acute to rounded to acuminate, midrib obviously depressed on upper surface and pronounced on lower surface, light yellow to red/brown on upper surface, yellow to dark red on lower surface, secondary, intersecondary and intramarginal veins present, all visible. Inflorescence ﬂowering branch ﬂattened, then spreading into manybranched terete delicate pedicels, ﬂowers usually in groups of 3, forming an elongated inﬂorescence not in the axils of mature leaves but on leaf twigs, length of pedicel variable. Calyx sepals persistent, 6 × 3 mm, obovate; greenish-brown. Corolla petals twice as long as sepals, bright scarlet. Stamens ﬁlaments free. Ovaryy 1.5–3 mm long. Fruit 8–9 × 4–5 mm, covered by persistent sepals. Seeds 6–8 per loculus. Thailand.— (Map 2.2.5): NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Muang Payao, 11 July 1931, Put 3970 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, E, K)]; Chiang Rai [Payao, 23 July 1966, Prayad 441 (BK); Huai Dong, at Tew Dam, 13 Aug. 1926, Winit 1794 (ABD, BK, BKF, K, TCD)]; Lampang [Mae Huat, Ngao, 21 May 1954, Sabhasi 2 (BKF); Chae Hom, 4 Feb. 1921, Kerr 4776 6 (AAU, ABD, BK, BM, K)]; Phrae [Pai Ton, 1 July 1911, 213 Vanpruk 270 0 (BKF, K K); Huai Khamin, 24 Aug. 1940, Somkid 469 (BKF); Song, Mae Yom NP, Tao Pun Subdistrict, 10 Oct. 1991, Maxwell 91-872 (AAU, CMUB, E, P)]; Phitsanulok [in strip of cut out forest near rivulet (Ran Ti River), Apr.–May 1946, Kostermans 274 (A, K, L)]; NORTH-EASTERN: Udon Thani [Nong Bua, 7 Mar. 1924, Kerr 8619 (ABD, BK, BM, C, E, K, P, TCD)]; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima [Pak Thong Chai, 27 May 1968, Phengnaren 529 (BKF)]; SOUTH-WESTERN: Uthai Thani [Kao Pa-sha, Nong Chang, 29 May 1974, Sutheesoren 3008 (BK)]; Kanchanaburi [Kwae Noi Basin, Unknown collector 143 (L); Tham Phe, 25 Dec. 1961, Phengklai 322 (L); Brangkasi, about 100 km south of Wangka, 19 June 1946, den Hoed & Kostermans 474 (BK, K, L); south of Ka Tha Lai in Pan Puang River Valley, about 40 km south east of Wangka, 13–16 June 1946, Kostermans 869 (A, BK, K, L); Tapoh, 27 Dec. 1961, Danish Expedition 8991 (A, C, E); Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Reserve, Lai Wa Subdistrict, Ban Saneh Pawng (Karen Village), 15 Aug. 1993, Maxwell 93-929 (A, CMUB)]; PENINSULAR: Trang [near Medicinal Plant Exp. Plot, Trang Hort. Exp. Station,Amper Sikao, 28 July 1987,Paisooksantivatana & Sangkhachand Y2133-877 (BK)]; K Unknown locations [Somkid 103 (BKF)]. Map 2.2.5 Distribution of Cratoxylum neriifolium in Thailand. 214 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 46 NO. 2 Distribution.— India, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia. Ecology and phenology.— Deciduous and evergreen forests, on limestone from 150 to 800 m elevation. Flowering: April–August. Fruiting: (August) September–March. Vernacular.— Tao (แตว) ((Kerr 8619); khi chiu (ขี้ตวิ้ ) (Kerr ( 47766); tio dam (ติ้วดํา) (Winit 1794). Uses.— Used in construction, and for wooden utensils (e.g. handles of chisels and hammers). Conservation.— IUCN Regional (Thailand) Status: Least Concern (LC). 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Malpighiales Phylogenetics: gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the Angiosperm Tree of Life. American Journal of Botany 96: 1551–1570. Reviewers of manuscripts for Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) Vol. 46(2), 2018 Julie Barcelona University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Kenneth Bauters Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Hans-Joachim Esser Botanische Staatssammlung München, Germany Bob Harwood Northern Territory Herbarium, Darwin, Australia Matthew Jebb National Botanic Gardens Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland Xiaohua Jin Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Charan Leeratiwong Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand Stuart Lindsay National Parks Board, Singapore Pete Lowry Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA David Middleton Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore Pimwadee Pornpongrungrueng Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Andre Schuiteman Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK David Simpson Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Tim Utteridge Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Chun-Lei Xiang Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) Vol. 46 No. 2, 2018 CONTENTS Page nomenclature, phylogeny, systematics, plant geography, and floristics, and in morphology, palynology, BKF Staff: Wipawan Kiaosanthie, Wanwipha Chaisongkram & Kamolhathai Wangwasit. A new species of Scleria P.J.Bergius (Cyperaceae) from North-Eastern Thailand 113–122 Willem J.J.O. de Wilde & Brigitta E.E. Duyfjes. Miscellaneous Cucurbit News V 123–128 Hans-Joachim Esser. A new species of Brassaiopsis (Araliaceae) from Thailand, and lectotypifications of names for related taxa 129–133 Orporn Phueakkhlai, Somran Suddee, Trevor R. Hodkinson, Henrik Æ. Pedersen, Priwan Srisom & Sarawood Sungkaew. Dendrobium chrysocrepis (Orchidaceae), a new record for Thailand 134–137 Jiratthi Satthaphorn, Peerapat Roongsattham, Pranom Chantaranothai & Charan Leeratiwong. The genus Campylotropis (Leguminosae) in Thailand 138–150 Alan Paton, Somran Suddee & Bhanubong Bongcheewin. Chelonopsis thailandica, a new species and new record of Chelonopsis (Lamiaceae) from Thailand 151–154 Nutdanai Putthisawong & Sahut Chantanaorrapint. A revision of the genus Tapeinidium (Lindsaeaceae) in Thailand 155–161 Caroline Byrne, John Adrian Naicker Parnell & Kongkanda Chayamarit. Systematics of the Thai Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae with comments on the Kielmeyeroidae (Clusiaceae) 162–216 Forest Herbarium Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 THAILAND http://www.dnp.go.th/botany ISSN 0495-3843 (print) ISSN 2465-423X (electronic)

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A new species of Scleria P.J.Bergius (Cyperaceae) from North-Eastern Thailand

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A new species of Scleria P.J.Bergius (Cyperaceae) from North-Eastern Thailand

A new species of Scleria P.J.Bergius (Cyperaceae) from North-Eastern Thailand

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