Plant Ecology and Evolution 153 (3): 399–426, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1609 REGULAR PAPER Revision of Eulophia (Orchidaceae) in Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo Emma Ortúñez1,2,*, Roberto Gamarra1,2, Sara Gestal1, Álvaro Hernando1 & Pablo Galán Cela3 1 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, ES–28049 Madrid, Spain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CBIC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, ES–28049 Madrid, Spain 3 Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ES–28040 Madrid, Spain *Corresponding author: emma.ortunez@uam.es 2 Background and aims – The genus Eulophia (Orchidaceae) is revised for Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo. The aims are: to present a morphological characterization of the main vegetative and reproductive features of Eulophia to clarify the delimitation of the taxa within the genus in the studied countries; to provide an updated identification key and an updated checklist of the genus with nomenclatural data, distribution maps, ecological information, and preliminary conservation status. This revision may serve as a basis for future studies of the genus in other regions of Africa. Material and methods – Relevant material kept in BM, BR, FHI, HBG, K, MA, P, and WAG was examined, using standard practices of herbarium taxonomy. Vegetative and reproductive structures were analysed. MapMaker was used to produce the distribution maps. Key results – A total of 24 species are recognised in the study area. The variability of perennating organs, leaves, sepals and petals, lip (including ornamentation), spur, and anther cap are described and depicted, and were found to be informative for species recognition. A taxonomic treatment is given with an identification key, synonymy, distribution maps, preliminary conservation status, and specimen citations. Eulophia galeoloides is neotypified, E. brevipetala, E. leonensis, E. penduliflora, and Lissochilus elatus are lectotypified. According to our study, we consider E. parvula a synonym of E. pyrophila. E. sordida is considered as a doubtful species in the study area. Keywords – Cymbidieae; ecology; Eulophiinae; identification key; taxonomy; typification; West Tropical Africa. INTRODUCTION The genus Eulophia R.Br. ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae, Cymbidieae) is the most diverse in the subtribe Eulophiinae (Chase et al. 2015), including about 164 terrestrial species (Martos et al. 2014; Bone et al. 2015). The genus shows a pantropical distribution, mainly in Africa (Central and Southern), Madagascar, and Asia, with seven species in Australasia and five in America (Pridgeon et al. 2009; Bone et al. 2015; Govaerts et al. 2019). No complete taxonomic revision has ever been attempted for Eulophia. Thomas (1998) provided a preliminary checklist of the genus. Due to its wide distribution, the high degree of morphological interspecific variation in the vegetative and reproductive characters, and the lack of complete preserved material of many taxa in herbaria, misidentifications occurred, and an infrageneric classification is not firmly settled at present (Cieslicka 2006; Pridgeon et al. 2009; Bone et al. 2015). Based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus, focused principally on South African taxa (Martos et © 2020 Emma Ortúñez, Roberto Gamarra, Sara Gestal, Álvaro Hernando, Pablo Galán Cela. This article is published and distributed in Open Access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work (author and source) is properly cited. Plant Ecology and Evolution is published by Meise Botanic Garden and Royal Botanical Society of Belgium ISSN: 2032-3913 (print) – 2032-3921 (online) Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 al. 2014), some species have been transferred to the genus Orthochilus Hochst. ex A.Rich. This approach was also supported by Bone et al. (2015). The African species of Eulophia have not been comprehensively revised, although a revision was done for the South African taxa (Hall 1965). Floristic treatments for the Orchidaceae have been published for West Tropical Africa (Summerhayes 1968), East Tropical Africa (Cribb 1989), Central Africa (Geerinck 1992), and South-East Tropical Africa (La Croix & Cribb 1998). Local orchid floras are available for Nigeria (Segerbäck 1983), Cameroon (Szlachetko & Olszewski 2001), Gabon (Szlachetko et al. 2004), and Equatorial Guinea (Galán et al. 2018). In these floristic treatments, identification keys show the high morphological variability of vegetative and reproductive features in Eulophia, and the diversity of terms used to describe some characters, notably for the lip ornamentation (calli, ridges, crests, keels, lamellae, and papillae). Furthermore, the number of species and its taxonomy differ among the treatments. Summerhayes (1968) recognised 32 species for West Tropical Africa, Segerbäck (1983) estimated about 40 species for Nigeria only, and in Cameroon (Szlachetko & Olszewski 2001), Gabon (Szlachetko et al. 2004), and Equatorial Guinea (Galán et al. 2018), 24, 13, and six species are recognized, respectively. These floristic treatments have highlighted the taxonomic complexity of the genus and the necessity of a revision in the studied area. The aims of our study were: to present a morphological characterisation of the main vegetative and reproductive features to clarify the delimitation of taxa within Eulophia in Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo; to provide an updated identification key; to provide an updated checklist with nomenclatural data, distribution maps, and ecological information. We hope that our study will provide a baseline for ongoing studies of the genus in other regions of Africa. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study area comprises Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko and Rio Muni), Gabon, and Republic of the Congo. More than 500 specimens deposited at the herbaria K, MA and WAG were revised. Additional specimens were analysed from the digital collections of the herbaria BM (Natural History Museum 2018), BR (BR Herbarium 2018), HBG (Herbarium Hamburgense 2018), P (MNHN 2018), and the JSTOR Global Plants facility (JSTOR 2018) for type materials and specimens from FHI. All specimens cited have been examined unless indicated by “n.v.” after the herbarium acronym. Specimens seen only as digital images are indicated by “web”. All herbarium acronyms follow Thiers (2019). Accepted species appear in alphabetical order, and only synonyms with type specimens recorded in countries of the study area are included. We provide type details for each name, and lectotypes or neotypes were designated when necessary. Vegetative and reproductive characters were analysed for each species (table 1). Flowers of dried specimens were rehydrated in boiling water prior to study. Floral characters were measured with the help of digital calipers (Digimatic 400 Table 1 – List of structures and selected characters analysed in Eulophia. Structure Character Perennating organ type Leaves shape Inflorescence coetaneous shape Sepals and petals size colour Lip shape colour shape Midlobe apex margin type shape Lip ornamentation number of calli/ridges position colour shape Spur length colour position Anther cap apex Caliper Mitutoyo). Unless otherwise stated, the dimensions mentioned for vegetative structures refer to dry material or relevant literature, and the colours to digital images of live specimens and relevant literature. Some characteristics were captured from labels, especially those which are lost in the process of drying and pressing. Terminology was generally adopted from Dressler (1993), Pridgeon et al. (2009), and Beentje (2016), although a detailed description of the main features of the species studied has been provided. Distribution and ecology were obtained from labels of herbarium specimen and bibliographic resources. Distribution maps were produced using the software Map Maker Pro v.3.5 (Map Maker Limited 2019) from georeferenced specimens. For each species, global distribution is provided followed by the country repartition in the study area. The conservation assessments followed the criteria and categories of the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2001, 2019), based on the regional distribution of each taxon. RESULTS After a detailed examination of specimens, the study of vegetative and reproductive characters reveals the occurrence of a set of diagnostic features (tables 2, 3), described below and mainly used for the elaboration of the dichotomous key. Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa Table 2 – Main diagnostic features in the genus Eulophia, including vegetative (perennating organs and leaves) and floral (sepals, petals, spur? and anther cap) characters. Taxon Perennating organ E. alta rhizome E. angolensis rhizome Leaves broadly lanceolate linearlanceolate to broadly lanceolate Leaves and inflorescence Sepals and petals Spur Anther cap coetaneous heterogeneous saccate, subnull; pale green unicorn coetaneous heterogeneous conical, up to 3 mm long; yellow, occasionally with a red spot bicorn conical, acute, straight, 4–9 mm long; brownish conical, clearly gibbous on the coetaneous heterogeneous ventral side, 10–14 mm long; pale rose clavate, incurved, 3–4 mm long; not coetaneous heterogeneous purple-brownish pseudobulb lanceolate rhizome broadly lanceolate pseudobulb linear E. buettneri tuber lanceolate E. caricifolia rhizome linear coetaneous heterogeneous tuber lanceolate not coetaneous homogeneous linear to lanceolate broadly lanceolate broadly lanceolate coetaneous or not heterogeneous coetaneous homogeneous E. barteri E. bouliawongo E. brevipetala E. cristata E. cucullata rhizome E. euglossa pseudobulb E. flavopurpurea E. galeoloides E. gracilis E. guineensis E. horsfallii subsp. horsfallii E. horsfallii subsp. velayosiana tuber coetaneous heterogeneous not coetaneous heterogeneous not coetaneous heterogeneous rhizome absent pseudobulb lanceolate coetaneous homogeneous widely variable broadly lanceolate broadly lanceolate coetaneous or not homogeneous coetaneous heterogeneous coetaneous heterogeneous tuber rhizome rhizome homogeneous E. juncifolia rhizome junciform coetaneous heterogeneous E. latilabris rhizome lanceolate coetaneous heterogeneous E. leonensis pseudobulb elliptic to ellipticlanceolate not coetaneous heterogeneous E. orthoplectra tuber linear not coetaneous heterogeneous E. parilamellata unknown unknown not coetaneous heterogeneous E. penduliflora pseudobulb linear E. pyrophila rhizome linearlanceolate E. ramifera unknown linear not coetaneous homogeneous tuber lanceolate to oblanceolate coetaneous heterogeneous E. stachyodes coetaneous heterogeneous not coetaneous heterogeneous sligthly bicorn bicorn not seen saccate; green unicorn conical, up to 7 mm long; pale rose bicorn conical, 5–8 mm long, straigth to slightly oriented upwards; pale rose broadly saccate, 11–17 mm long; rose, yellowish towards the apex clavate, up to 7 mm long, projected backwards; pale green narrowly conical, 3–8 mm long; pale yellow, darker at the apex conical, up to 5 mm long, usually curved upwards; pale yellow clavate, 3–8 mm long; whitish, pale green at the apex filiform, 15–28 mm long, straight to curved upwards; green conical, 4–17 mm long, sligthly curved upwards; rose conical, 10–15 mm long, sligthly curved upwards; rose to purple conical, 3–7.5 mm long, slightly curved upwards; yellow conical, 5–11 mm long; rose cylindrical to subclavate, 4–6 mm; pale yellow tinged with green or mauve conical, 13–16 mm long; purple to brown-purple unicorn unicorn unicorn unicorn unicorn unicorn obscurely unicorn bicorn bicorn bicorn unicorn not seen unicorn cylindrical, curved; colour not seen unicorn clavate, 5–6 mm long, sligtly curved upwards; reddish unicorn conical, 1–2.5 mm long; yellowish unicorn cylindrical, 1.9–3 mm; colour not seen conical, up to 4 mm long, incurved; green, tinged with purple to the apex not seen unicorn 401 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 Table 3 – Main diagnostic features in the genus Eulophia related to the lip (shape, colour? and ornamentation). Lip ornamentation Taxon Lip Midlobe Calli E. alta E. angolensis trilobed; white-rose to pale purple trilobed; yellow semicircular; undulate margin oblong, slightly curved downward at the apex; crenulate to undulate margin obovate-oblong, curved downward at the apex; undulate margin Ridges Papillae 2 quadrangular; white-rose to pale rose absent from the middle of the lip to near the apex; white-rose to pale rose absent 3, higher at the base, crenulate margin; yellow absent trilobed; purple, whitish at the base E. bouliawongo trilobed; pale rose ovate-elliptical; slightly undulate margin absent trilobed; whitish-pale rose broadly ellipticaloblong; undulate margin absent clawed at the base, bilobed at the apex; entire margin absent absent absent elliptical; crenate margin 2 semicircular; yellow absent dense along midlobe; dark yellow 2 semicircular, thick; rose 5–7, wart-like, from the base to 1/3 of apex, more or less discontinuous; dull purple absent 2 quadrangular; dull purple occasionally 1(–3) small, hardly visible absent absent 2–4 small and short, from the base to the insertion of the lateral lobes; pale yellow absent absent 7–11, wart-like, inequal in length, the external occasionally bifurcate; pale rose absent E. brevipetala E. buettneri E. caricifolia E. cristata E. cucullata E. euglossa trilobed; rose, whitish to the base, sometimes with a purple spot trilobed; rose, yellowish to the base, with purple veins trilobed; lateral lobes greenish purple, midlobe rose to dark purple trilobed; from pale to dark rose, tinged with purple toward the base of the lip trilobed, pale yellow at the base, white and purple at the upper middle oblong-ovate; crenulate margin broadly obovate, emarginate apex; entire to slightly undulate margin ovate-elliptical, acute; undulate to entire margin 3 semicircular; colour not seen 3, from the base of midlobe to 1/3 of the apex, crenulate margin; pale purple 3, from the base to 1/2 of the midlobe, crenulate margin; whitish 5, from the base to the middle of midlobe; yellow E. barteri trilobed; midlobe bent abruptly downwards; pale yellow elliptical to orbicular, strongly recurved downwards, emarginate apex; slightly undulate margin trilobed; pale yellow elliptical; slightly crenulate margin absent E. gracilis obscurely trilobed; white to whitish green truncate, shorter than lateral lobes; with long and fleshy papillae in the margin absent E. guineensis obscurely trilobed; rose to whitish, tinged with purple veins at the base orbicular, apiculate; usually undulate margin absent E. flavopurpurea E. galeoloides 402 absent absent along the midlobe; colour not seen (0–)2–4, denticulated short, scattered margin, from the base through the lip; to the middle of lip; purple yellow 0–2 (if two, sometimes scattered thickened, in the and thin, through the apex; if one, along lip; colour not seen the lip) absent absent Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa Table 3 (continued) – Main diagnostic features in the genus Eulophia related to the lip (shape, colour, and ornamentation). Lip ornamentation Taxon Lip Midlobe Calli trilobed; variable, greenish to purple elliptical-oblong, acute to apiculate; undulate margin absent trilobed; lateral lobes purple-greenish with dull purple nerves, midlobe rose to purple elliptical-oblong, acute to apiculate; undulate margin absent E. juncifolia trilobed; yellow ovate-elliptical; slightly undulate margin absent E. latilabris obscurely trilobed; pale rose to whitish orbicular-oblong; entire margin 2 semicircular; dull purple E. leonensis trilobed; greenish yellow to brownish oblong-elliptical; sligthly undulate margin absent E. horsfallii subsp. horsfallii E. horsfallii subsp. velayosiana E. orthoplectra trilobed; yellow tinged with purple E. parilamellata trilobed; colour not seen E. penduliflora trilobed; usually yellow obovate-elliptical; crenulate margin clawed at the base, broadly obovate at the emarginate apex; entire to slightly undulate margin orbicular, obtuse to emarginate apex; slightly undulate margin absent 2 semicircular, colour not seen absent E. pyrophila trilobed; from greenish yellow to cream, tinged with reddish or brown elliptical, curved downward at the apex; undulate margin absent E. ramifera trilobed; colour not seen orbicular; slightly undulate margin absent trilobed; pale green to whitish oblong; undulate margin 2 semicircular, white E. stachyodes Ridges 3 in the midlobe, crenate margin; occasionally the external bifurcate at the apex; whitish to pale cream 5(–7) crenate margin; the three central from the base of the lip, the two external shorter, in the midlobe, occasionally the outer bifurcated; yellow 5, the two lateral shorter than central; yellow 5, the lateral shorter, the central taller towards the apex, crenulate margin; whitish with pale brown to the top 2–5, wart-like, from the base to near the apex; colour not seen 5, thickened, more or less fleshy, the two lateral shorter than central; colour not seen 5, wart-like, on the middle of the midlobe; colour not seen Papillae absent absent absent absent absent absent absent 3, short in the base of 5–7 lines in the upper midlobe; whitish middle; yellow 3–9, fleshy, wrinkled, from the base of the lip to the middle of the midlobe, with transversal grooves along each ridge; dark yellow 5, crenulate, along the lip; colour not seen 3–7, wart-like, along the midlobe; purple absent absent absent 403 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 Key to the species of Eulophia in Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Republic of the Congo 1. Sepals and petals similar in shape, size, and colour............................................................................. 2 1’. Sepals and petals dissimilar in shape, size, or colour .......................................................................... 7 2. Spur filiform, up to 28 mm long ................................................................................ 14. E. guineensis 2’. Spur conical, cylindrical or clavate, less than 10 mm long.................................................................. 3 3. Spur conical or cylindrical ................................................................................................................... 4 3’. Spur clavate .......................................................................................................................................... 6 4. Inflorescence paniculate ................................................................................................ 23. E. ramifera 4’. Inflorescence unbranched..................................................................................................................... 5 5. Photosynthetic species, tuberous. Lip with 2 semicircular calli and 5–7 wart-like ridges, without papillae ...............................................................................................................................8. E. cristata 5’. Mycoheterotrophic species, rhizomatous. Lip without calli, (0–)2–4 denticulate ridges and scattered purple papillae ........................................................................................................... 12. E. galeoloides 6. Lip with long and fleshy papillae on the margin; midlobe shorter than lateral lobes ......13. E. gracilis 6’. Lip without papillae on the margin; midlobe longer than lateral lobes .........................10. E. euglossa 7. Leaves and inflorescence not coetaneous............................................................................................. 8 7’. Leaves and inflorescence coetaneous................................................................................................. 15 8. Midlobe of lip bilobed or with an emarginate apex ............................................................................. 9 8’. Midlobe of lip not bilobed or without an emarginate apex ................................................................ 12 9. Base of the lip without calli ............................................................................................................... 10 9’. Base of the lip with 2 calli ..................................................................................................................11 10. Midlobe of lip bilobed at apex, clawed at base; spur saccate .........................................6. E. buettneri 10’. Midlobe of lip with an emarginate apex, recurved; spur narrowly conical ..........11. E. flavopurpurea 11. Lip with (0–)1(–3) small ridges, hardly visible; spur broadly saccate........................... 9. E. cucullata 11’. Lip with 5 wart-like ridges; spur cylindrical..........................................................20. E. parilamellata 12. Spur clavate, incurved; lip papillate along the midlobe; petals rose to whitish ...........5. E. brevipetala 12’. Spur conical or cylindrical to subclavate, not incurved; lip without papillae; petals yellowish to redbrownish ............................................................................................................................................. 13 13. Spur 13–16 mm long ................................................................................................19. E. orthoplectra 13’. Spur < 7 mm long .............................................................................................................................. 14 14. Spur cylindrical to subclavate, 4–6 mm long. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate. Pseudobulbous plant.............................................................................................................................. 18. E. leonensis 14’. Spur conical, 1–3 mm long. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Rhizomatous plant ................. 22. E. pyrophila 15. Leaves junciform, more or less circular in cross-section .............................................16. E. juncifolia 15’. Leaves linear to broadly lanceolate, flat in cross-section................................................................... 16 16. Spur cylindrical, slightly broadening towards the apex ...........................................21. E. penduliflora 16’. Spur conical to saccate ....................................................................................................................... 17 17. Lip with 2(–3) calli near the base....................................................................................................... 18 17’. Lip without calli near the base ........................................................................................................... 23 404 Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa 18. Anther cap unicorn ............................................................................................................................. 19 18’. Anther cap bicorn ............................................................................................................................... 22 19. Spur saccate........................................................................................................................................ 20 19’. Spur conical ....................................................................................................................................... 21 20. Midlobe of lip semicircular, not emarginate, papillate ............................................................1. E. alta 20’. Midlobe of lip broadly obovate, emarginate, not papillate ............................................ 9. E. cucullata 21. Lip obscurely trilobed, entire; spur not incurved. Rhizomatous plant .......................... 17. E. latilabris 21’. Lip clearly trilobed, undulate; spur incurved. Tuberous plant ................................... 24. E. stachyodes 22. Lip with 2 calli, densely papillate. Rhizomatous plant .................................................7. E. caricifolia 22’. Lip with 3 calli and 3 ridges, not papillate. Pseudobulbous plant ......................................3. E. barteri 23. Lateral sepals erect. Flowers deep yellow ................................................................... 2. E. angolensis 23’. Lateral sepals patent. Flowers rose to purple ..................................................................................... 24 24. Spur with a gibbosity on the ventral side; lip with 3 ridges from the base to 1/2 of the midlobe ......... .................................................................................................................................. 4. E. bouliawongo 24’. Spur without a gibbosity; lip with 3–7 ridges along the midlobe .................................15. E. horsfallii Morphological characters Perennating organs – Three types of perennating organs are recognised: rhizome, tuber, and pseudobulb. Rhizomes are horizontal subterranean, usually cylindrical, organs with whitish roots (fig. 1A), showing variation in diameter and length. In some species (E. cucullata, E. pyrophila), the rhizome shows major discontinuous ovoid to conical thickenings (fig. 1B). Tubers are thickened ovoid to conical subterranean organs, which are covered by the bases of the leaves (fig. 1C). Pseudobulbs are aboveground organs (fig. 1D), ocassionally with the base underground, with whitish roots. From the pseudobulbs arise the normal leaves on the top and the lateral inflorescence with scale-leaves. Leaves – Among the species studied, leaf shape usually varies from linear to lanceolate. The leaves of E. guineensis are highly variable, from oblong, non-petiolate to elliptic, long-petiolate. The only mycoheterotrophic species is E. galeoloides, which lacks functional leaves. One of the diagnostic features is the presence of mature leaves at anthesis, distinguishing between coetaneous and non-coetaneous species. Only E. cucullata and E. guineensis have both forms. Sepals and petals – Based on the morphology, size and colour of sepals and petals, two patterns are recognized: homogeneous when both floral parts are similar or only show slight differences (fig. 2A); heterogeneous when, at least, sepals and petals differ clearly in one of the characteristics mentioned above (fig. 2B–D). Lip – Most of them are trilobed, although sometimes obscurely trilobed as in E. gracilis, E. guineensis and E. latilabris (fig. 3A). The midlobe is usually longer than the lateral lobes, except in E. gracilis where it is abruptly truncate, with long and fleshy papillae on the margin (fig. 2A). The midlobe shows great variability in shape and margin, varying from entire to undulate, crenate or crenulate, sometimes emarginate (fig. 2B) or apiculate as in E. guineensis. Only E. buettneri has a bilobed apex. The lip shows variability in colour and usually varies between lateral lobes and midlobe. Lip ornamentation – The lip is usually ornamentated, except in E. guineensis and E. buettneri. Three types of ornamentation (fig. 3) are recognized: calli, ridges, and papillae. Calli are protrusions at the base of the lip, near the entrance of the spur (fig. 3A), more or less thickened. Two erect calli are the most common, except in E. barteri, which shows three. Shape varies from semicircular (fig. 3B, C) to quadrangular (figs 2B, 3D, E). Thick and low semicircular calli are only observed in E. cristata (fig. 3F, G). The colour is highly variable, for example, whitish in E. stachyodes and dull purple in E. cucullata. Ridges are the most common ornamentation on the lip (fig. 3A), sometimes as a prolongation of the calli along the main veins. They usually arise from the base of lip to different lengths along the midlobe and rarely extend to the apex. They usually resemble more or less continuous gills, usually with crenulate to undulate margins (fig. 3H, I). Sometimes they are wart-like (fig. 3J). In E. pyrophila, the ridges are fleshy and wrinkled (fig. 3K, L). The number of ridges varies from 1 to 11, the external being occasionally bifurcate (fig. 3M). Variability in colour was observed (whitish, yellow, rose to purple), and generally different to the lip. Papillae are finger-like, cylindrical projections, distributed along the lip, usually dense such as in E. caricifolia (fig. 3N, O). Papillae vary in abundance and colour among the taxa studied. 405 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 Figure 1 – Perennating organs. A. Eulophia bouliawongo: rhizome. B. E. cucullata: rhizome. C. E. guineensis: tuber. D. E. gracilis: pseudobulb. A from Letouzey 14938 (K). B from Chapman 2770 (WAG1135803). C from van Eijnatten 1077 (WAG1135997). D from Wieringa et al. 3252 (WAG1135916). Scale bars: A–D = 1 cm. Drawn by E. Ortúñez. Figure 2 – Sepals and petals. A. Eulophia gracilis: front view. B–C. E. cucullata: front and lateral view. D. E. caricifolia: lateral view. A from Wieringa et al. 3252 (WAG1135916). B–C from Louis 1976 (WAG1135767). D from Carvalho 4705 (MA597837). Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B–D = 1 cm. Drawn by E. Ortúñez. 406 Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa Figure 3 – Lip ornamentation. A. Eulophia latilabris: location of calli (ca) and ridges (ri). B–C. Semicircular calli. D–E. Quadrangular calli. F–G. Thick and low semicircular calli. H. Ridge with undulate margin. I. Ridge with crenulate margin. J. Wart-like ridge. K–L. E. pyrophila: front view and scheme of fleshy and wrinkled ridges. M. E. flavopurpurea: bifurcated ridges. N–O. E. caricifolia: front view and scheme of papillae. A from Wieringa et al. 3687 (WAG1136115). K from Schaijes 2043 (K). M from Troupin 2298 (WAG1135892). N from Wilks & Dibata 2330 (WAG1135658). Scale bars: A = 5 mm; K–M = 1 mm; N = 2 mm. Drawn by E. Ortúñez. ► Figure 4 – Spur. A. Eulophia ramifera: cylindrical. B. E. guineensis: filiform. C. E. bouliawongo: conical with gibbous. D. E. stachyodes: incurved. Anther cap. E. E. cucullata: unicorn. F. E. guineensis: obscurely unicorn. G. E. horsfallii: bicorn. A from Scott-Elliot 5116 (K000078652). B from van Eijnatten 1077 (WAG.1135997). C from Wieringa 1245 (WAG.1135644). D from Letouzey 4729 (WAG.1136332). E from Wilde et al. 2308 (WAG.1135751). F from Eimunjeze et al. s.n. (WAG1135991). G from Elad et al. 1458 (WAG.1136016). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–D = 0.5 mm; E, G = 2 mm; F = 5 mm. Drawn by E. Ortúñez. Spur – The spur shows great variability in shape, being widely to narrowly conical (fig. 2D), saccate (fig. 2C), cylindrical (fig. 4A), or clavate (fig. 2A); filiform in E. guineensis (fig. 4B). In E. bouliawongo, a typical gibbosity is observed at the base (fig. 4C). The spur is usually parallel to the lip lamina or is slightly curved upwards, except in E. brevipetala and E. stachyodes where it is incurved (fig. 4D). It varies in length, from 1 mm in E. pyrophila up to 28 mm in E. guineensis, which has the longest spur in the genus. The colour is similar to the lip such as in E. bouliawongo, or dissimilar such as in E. euglossa and E. guineensis. 407 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 Anther cap – Two main types of anther caps can be observed. Unicorn caps with a clear pointed end (fig. 4E), obscurely in E. guineensis (fig. 4F), and bicorn caps with two clear pointed ends, more or less divergent (fig. 4G). 1. Eulophia alta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle (Fawcett & Rendle 1910: 112) – Limodorum altum L. (Linnaeus 1767: 594). Type – Jamaica: s. col. s.n. (lectotype: LINN[1058.2, http:// linnean-online.org/11247, web], designated by Fawcett & Rendle 1910: 113). Distribution – Tropical and subtropical America and Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon (fig. 5A). Habitat and ecology – Swampy areas, secondary herbaceous vegetation, and rocky banks with shrubs and small trees. Elevation 0–300 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – VU (Vulnerable). Although this taxon is widely distributed in America and Africa, the number of locations is less than 10 in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Lagos, H. Millen s.n. (K); Oban Forest Reserve west, 26 Jan. 1976, J.O. Ariwaodo s.n. (FHI[FHI0092606-0, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0092606-0, web]). Cameroon: Edea–Yaoundé, ca. 10 miles out of Edea, 11 Oct. 1968, W.W. Sanford 5177 (K); Buea–Douala, Mana River, 4º58′N, 8º51′E, 20 Jul. 1983, D. Thomas 2316 (P[P00359024, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00359024, web]); NW Muetan Aku, 9 km SW Bangem, Mamfé, 2 Jun. 1982, J.F. Villiers 1380 (P[P00376355, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00376355, web]). Gabon: Upper Ogoué River, Lastoursville, 4 Jan. 1929, G. Le Testu 7834 (K). 2. Eulophia angolensis (Rchb.f.) Summerh. (Summerhayes 1958: 76) – Cymbidium angolense Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1865: 188) – Lissochilus angolensis (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1878: 64). Type – Angola: Huilla, Nov. 1859, F. Welwitsch 734 (holotype: W, n.v.; isotypes: BM[BM000525488, https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/3e41aa45-d5a1-454b-928e7e1ce2e5f2ee/1591056000000, web]; COI, n.v.; G, n.v.; http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K[K000058013, K000058013, web]; LISU, n.v.; P[P00538767, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00538767, web]). Lissochilus lindleyanus Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1878: 65) – Eulophia lindleyana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. (Schlechter 1900: 279). Type – Nigeria: Nupe, C. Barter 1486 (holotype: K[K000078518, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000078518, web]). Distribution – Tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and Republic of the Congo (fig. 5B). Habitat and ecology – Open and wet grassland, swampy areas, riparian vegetation, and grassy woodland. Elevation 600–1000 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread and abundant in the area of study. 408 Other collections examined – Nigeria: Lagos, Ogoya village, Kuramo Waters, 25 Feb. 1955, P.W. Richards 5087 (K); Igbosere, Kuramo, 10 Jul. 1952, H.J. Savory s.n. (K); Aviele, between Uromi et Auchi, 9 Jul. 1969, J. Lowe 1770 (K, WAG[WAG.1135584, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135584]); Degema, Ahoada, 20 Aug. 1916, P.A. Talbot et al. 3804 (MA[747524, http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat. php?img=MA-01-00747524]); Ilorin road, 3 Jul. 1965, W.W. Sanford 1038/65 (L[L.1520024, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.1520024], L[L.1520025, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.1520025]); Mambila Plateau, 7º00′N, 11º10′E, 16 Jun. 1958, J.W.F. Chapman 7 (P[P00358950, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358950, web]); Mambilla Plateau, 3.5 miles north of Gembu, 21 Jun. 1972, J.D. Chapman 2909 (WAG[WAG.1135577, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135577]); Old Oyo Forest Reserve, Ago–Ilorin, 8º55′N, 4º00′E, 20 Jul. 1971, C. Geerling 3614 (WAG[WAG.1135579, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135579]); Ibuya, Upper Ogun Game Reserve, 8º24′N, 3º47′E, 27 Jul. 1971, C. Geerling 3797 (WAG[WAG.1135580, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135580]); Ilorin, turning 3 km S of Oyo, 22 Jul. 1962, J.B. Gillett 15192 (P[P00358949, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358949, web]); Igala, Ibaji Ojobo Forest Reserve, 27 Jun. 1963, W.J. Howard s.n. (P[P00358948, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358948, web]); Orle Forest Reserve, Aligbeta to Awoiki, 22 Aug. 1953, C.F. Onochie s.n. (FHI[FHI0033293-0, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/ al.ap.specimen.fhi0033293-0, web]); Katsina, Masha, 25 Jun. 1950, R.W.K. Keay 25898 (K); Mamu River, Awka District, Aug., E.W. Jones s.n. (FHI[006692, n.v.]). Cameroon: Mbéré à Meiganga, prairie humide, Jun. 1939, H. Jacques-Félix 4157 (K, P[P00358998, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358998, web]); Bamenda, district Wum, Aba–ajia Camp on old German road, 26 Jun. 1951, E. Ujor s.n. (K[K000106918, http://specimens.kew. org/herbarium/K000106918]); près Wanday (15 km ONO de Mokolo), 11 Sep. 1964, R. Letouzey 6827 (K, P[P00358992, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358992, web], WAG[WAG.1135546, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135546]); Buea, 6º00′N, 15º35′E, May 1914, J. Mildbraed 9497 (K); Mbaw plain, 2 miles N of Sabongari, 6º15′N, 11º00′E, 10 May 1962, W. Brunt 419 (K[K000106919, K000106920]); km 8 Mbakaou - Tibati road, 6º22′N, 12º46′E, 30 Jun. 1972, A.J.M. Leeuwenberg 10057 (WAG[WAG.1135544, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135544, WAG.1135545, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135545]); 12 km Tignère vers Kontcha, 19 Jun. 1977, G. Fotius 2695 (P[P02083024, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02083024, web]); près Wum, Nkambe, 18 Jul. 1975, R. Letouzey 14045 (P[P00358989, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358989, web]); près confluent Mayo Tankouli Mayo–Banyo, 20 km N Banyo, 5 Jun. 1967, R. Letouzey 8504 (P[P00358991, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358991, web]); Membe et Guervoum, Nanga Eboko, 24 May 1959, R. Letouzey 2084 Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa (P[P00358996, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358996, web]); Obala, 45 km NE des bords de la Sanaga, confluent de l’Assamba, près de la gare de Njoré, 4º20′N, 11º45′E, 21 May 1970, C. Farron 7316 (P[P00358999, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358999, web]); 15 km W Meting, piste Matsari–Linte, Yoko, 14 May 1979, M. Biholong 528 (P[P00359001, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00359001, web]). Gabon: Nyanga, Gamba, 37.5 km from Gamba airport, road to Mayonamie on the Nyanga river, 2º58′S, 10º18′E, 3 Dec. 1994, J.J. de Wilde & R.W. de Wilde-Bakhuizen 11292 (WAG[WAG.1135562, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135562]); Lopé reserve, 6º00′S, 11º40′E, 27 Jul. 1986, J.M. Reitsma & B. Reitsma 2447 (WAG[WAG.1135563, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135563]); NW de Nangha, entre Mouila et Ndendé, 2º11′21″S, 11º12′7″E, 3 Dec. 2016, O. Lachenaud et al. 2384 (P[P01193309, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ catalognumber/mnhn/p/p01193309, web]); entre Mouila et Ndendé, au N de Ferra, 2º17′52″S, 11º17′47″E, 9 Dec. 2016, E. Bidault et al. 2960 (P[P01193238, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ catalognumber/mnhn/p/p01193238, web]); N’Dendé, mare de Ferra, route de Mouila, 26 Nov. 1960, B. Descoings 6292 (P[P00358979, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358979, web]); Payilou [=Pahilou], 12 Dec. 1907, G. Le Testu 1262 (K, P[P00358976, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358976, web]). Republic of the Congo: between Impe and the main road, Lefini Reserve, 2º50′S, 15º20′E, 18 Oct. 1991, D.J. Harris et al. 3052 (K); Plateau Batéké, km 45, mare Ngatsou, 19 Dec. 1964, P. Sita 1096 (P[P00358818, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358818, web]); Guadaloupi, S de Loango, Oct. 1893, H. Lecomte s.n. (P[P00358941, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358941, web]); Poste dell’Alima–Leketi, Dec. 1883, J. de Brazza s.n. (P[P00358943, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358943, web]); région Pointe Indienne–Loango (PointeNoire), 3 Feb. 1966, C. Farron 4946 (P[P00358944, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358944, web]). 3. Eulophia barteri Summerh. (Summerhayes 1936a: 224). Type – Nigeria: Nupe, C. Barter 1481 (holotype: http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K[K000078540, K000078540, web]). Distribution – Tropical Africa, from Guinea to Central African Republic. Nigeria (fig. 5A). Habitat and ecology – Swampy areas. Elevation 400–500 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – EN (Endangered). The number of locations is less than 5 in the area of study. Besides, a considerable period of time has elapsed since 1860 when Charles Barter collected the only two specimens from Nigeria, so we consider that data on abundance and current distribution in Nigeria are lacking, and future prospections will be appropriate. Other collection examined – Nigeria: Sare, C. Barter 3429 (K). 4. Eulophia bouliawongo (Rchb.f.) J.Raynal (Raynal 1966: 47) – Galeandra bouliawongo Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1852: 935) – Lissochilus bouliawongo (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1865: 188). Type – Gabon: 1847, E. Jardin 150 (holotype: P[P00358904, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358904, web]; isotype: P[P00358903, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358903, web]). Lissochilus elatus Rolfe (Rolfe 1897: 87). Type – Gabon: Gabon river, G. Mann 1039 (lectotype: K, composed of 3 sheets [K000078544, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000078544, K000078545, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000078545, K000078546, http://specimens.kew. org/herbarium/K000078546], designated here). Eulophia oedoplectron Summerh. (Summerhayes 1936b: 442) – Lissochilus macranthus Lindl. (Lindley 1833: 191). Type – Nigeria: Boney [Bonny], H. Shepherd 6 (holotype: K[K000078548, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000078548, web]). Distribution – Atlantic Central Tropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), and Gabon (fig. 5C). Habitat and ecology – Coastal forests including mangroves, swampy areas, savannah, riparian forests, disturbed forests, open vegetation, on sandy soils and gravel. Elevation 0–300 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread and abundant in the area of study. Other collections examined – Cameroon: au Nord de Bangue, 5 km NE Douala, 12 May 1976, R. Letouzey 14938 (K); Batanga, near Lobe village, 11 Mar. 1895, G.L. Bates 61 (K); 3 km E of Eséka, 14 Mar. 1965, A.J.M. Leeuwenberg 5168 (WAG[WAG.1135613, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135613, WAG.1135614, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135614, WAG.1135615, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135615]); Campo Ma’an area, Itonde Nigerian, 2º27′17″N, 9º49′54″E, 17 Apr. 2002, M. Elad et al. 1507 (WAG[WAG.1135616, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135616, WAG.1135617, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135617, WAG.1135618, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135618]); 20 km SE of Douala, 2 km NW Dibamba river to Ndonga, 20 Aug. 1965, A.J.M. Leeuwenberg 6473 (WAG[WAG.1135619, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135619, WAG.1135620, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135620, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ WAG.1135621, WAG.1135622, https://data. specimen/WAG.1135621, biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135622]); South Province, 1999, G. Shu Neba & D. Ndoum X4948 https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ (WAG[WAG.1135623, naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135623]); km 14 Douala–Loum road, 1 km E of Boadibo, 4º05′N, 9º36′E, 27 Oct. 1972, A.J.M. Leeuwenberg 10574 (WAG[WAG.1135626, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135626, WAG.1135627, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135627]); route de Bipindi à Deham, 28 Jun. 1918, E. Annet 1443 (P[P00358917, http://coldb.mnhn. 409 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358917, web]); road Douala–Tiko, 4º06′N, 9º36′E, 24 Aug. 1983, D. Thomas 2488 (P[P00358912, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358912, web]). Equatorial Guinea: Río Muni, Monte Bata toward Campos, around S. Joaquim de Ndyiacom, Monte Bata, 27 Feb. 1969, W.W. Sanford 6091 (K); Río Muni, Bata to Río Benito, 15 Feb. 1969, W.W. Sanford 5789 (K); Miboman, à 22 km de Bata, 4 Jun. 1984, S. Castroviejo 9165 (MA[785029, http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat. php?img=MA-01-00785029]). Gabon: Boutica, 12 Jul. 1902, O. Debeaux 378 (K); Gamba, near Shell terminal, 2º47′S, 10º02′E, 9 Jul. 1992, J.J. Wieringa 1245 (WAG[WAG.1135643, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135643, WAG.1135644, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135644]); Lopé Reserve, near the Lopé Railway station, 0º06.03′S, 11º36.01′E, 20 Dec. 1996, J.J. de Wilde & R.W. de Wilde-Bakhuizen 11782 (WAG[WAG.1135631, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135631]); Mayumba, 22 Oct. 1986, A.M. Louis 2209 (WAG[WAG.1135632, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135632, WAG.1135633, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135633]); Ngounié, ca. 20 km NE of Coucal/Yeno, Ofoubou area, 1º39.09′S, 10º04.00′E, 5 Mar. 1994, J.J. Wieringa & R.M. Haegens 2406 (WAG[WAG.1135634, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135634, WAG.1135635, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135635]); Okala, Libreville, 0º29′N, 9º25′E, 9 Jun. 1987, Dibata 173 (WAG[WAG.1135636, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135636]); Moka creek, E of Mondah river, 0º39′N, 9º28′E, 24 Jul. 1985, J.J. Bos et al. 10811 (WAG[WAG.1135637, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135637, WAG.1135638, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135638, WAG.1135639, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135639]); Rabi, 100 m S of Shell platform number 9, 1º55′S, 9º52′E, 1 Nov. 1993, R.M. Haegens 9 (WAG[WAG.1135640, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135640]); Rabi - Kounga, 1º56′S, 9º53′E, 9 Nov. 1991, J. Schoenmaker 123 (WAG[WAG.1135641, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135641, WAG.1135642, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135642]); Haute-Ngounyé, Ndandé (Echiras), Dec. 1924, G. Le Testu 5133 (K); lac de Fernan Vaz, 14 Sep. 1912, F. Fleury s.n. (P[P00358909, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358909, web]); cap Esterias, 21 Jun. 1959, N. Hallé 608 (P[P00358901, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358901, web]); route d’Owendo à Libreville, 29 Jan. 1961, N. Hallé 955 (P[P00358900, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358900, web]); Lébamba, bords de la rivière Loetsi, 13 May 1963, N. Hallé & G. Cours 5862 (P[P00358899, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358899, web]); Owendo, 27 Feb. 1968, N. Hallé & J.F. Villiers 5619 (P[P00358897, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358897, web]); Mbel, sur le Komo, 10 Jan. 1968, N. Hallé & J.F. Villiers 4278 (P[P04026612, 410 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p04026612, web]). Republic of the Congo: Mayumbe, 8 Jan. 1977, I. Bitsindou s.n. (P[P00358885, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00358885, web]). Notes – The lectotype specimen of Lissochilus elatus Rolfe, consists of three herbarium sheets, one with the inflorescence (K000078544), one with foliar stem and part of the scape with the bracts (K000078545), and the last one with the basal part of the scape (K000078546). 5. Eulophia brevipetala Rolfe (Rolfe 1897: 53). Type – Sierra Leone: above Falaba, 15 Mar. 1892, G.F. Scott Elliot 5224 (lectotype: K[K000410367, http://specimens. kew.org/herbarium/K000410367], designated here; isolectotype: BM[BM000525522, https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/ collection-specimens/resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b6574ccb55ab2feb/record/4647736, web]). Distribution – West Tropical Africa, from Guinea to Nigeria. Nigeria (fig. 5B). Habitat and ecology – Rain forest and open savannah woodland. Elevation 100–300 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – EN (Endangered). The number of locations is less than 5 in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Akure Forest Reserve, Apr. 1967, D.P.M. Guile 2686 (L[L1504961, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.1504961]); Mando Forest Reserve, between Gidan Sabo and Karu, 6 Jun. 1950, R.W.J. Keay s.n. (FHI[FHI0025851-0, https:// plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0025851-0, web]); Jemaa Distr., Apr. 1958, D.E.S. King 139 (K). Notes – Cribb (1989) and Lebrun & Stork (2015) considered E. brevipetala as conspecific with E. monile Rchb.f., whereas Pérez Vera (2003) considered it a variety of E. monile. However, both taxa differ in several characters, such as the colour of the petals and lip (rose to whitish in E. brevipetala, yellow-green with purple margin in E. monile), shape and length of the petals (oblong-ovovate and 4.4–5 mm long in E. brevipetala, linear and 7–11 mm long in E. monile) and the number of ridges (5 in E. brevipetala, 3 in E. monile). Two sheets with material collected by G.F. Scott Elliot 5224 from Sierra Leone, were deposited in the herbaria K and BM. Since R.A. Rolfe did not designate the holotype, both sheets can be regarded as syntypes and we can choose a lectotype. The designated lectotype (K000410367) consists of a complete specimen, with a detached flower, measurements of floral structures and drawings from microscopic preparations made by V.S. Summerhayes. The specimen from herbarium BM is incomplete, only contains the scape and three flowers. 6. Eulophia buettneri (Kraenzl.) Summerh. (Summerhayes 1936b: 446) – Lissochilus buettneri Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1893: 53). Type – Togo: R. Buettner 415 (holotype: B†). Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa Figure 5 – Distribution maps. A. Eulophia alta (circles) and E. barteri (squares). B. Eulophia angolensis (circles) and E. brevipetala (squares). C. Eulophia bouliawongo (circles) and E. cristata (squares). D. Eulophia buettneri (squares) and E. caricifolia (circles). E. Eulophia cucullata. F. Eulophia euglossa (circles) and E. flavopurpurea (squares). Maps created with Map Maker Pro version 3.5 (Map Maker Limited 2019). 411 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 Lissochilus ledermannii Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1912: 396) – Eulophia ecarinata Butzin (Butzin 1975: 588). Type – Cameroon: Bave–Bowu, C.L. Ledermann 1467 (holotype: B†). Distribution – West Tropical Africa from Guinea to Cameroon. Nigeria and Cameroon (fig. 5D). Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread in the area of study. Habitat and ecology – Open savannah and swamp grassland. Elevation 800–900 m. Other collections examined – Nigeria: S of Ijalye Forest Reserve, near Batake, 8 Mar. 1947, R.W.J. Keay s.n. (FHI[FHI0021196-0, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/ al.ap.specimen.fhi0021196-0, web]); Budu Ekun, 4 miles S of Opa Hill in the Old Oyo Forestry Reserve, 24 Feb. 1946, R.W.J. Keay s.n. (FHI[FHI0016020-0, https://plants.jstor.org/ stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0016020-0, web]); Plateau province, D.E.S. King s.n. (K). Cameroon: 13 km NW of Bétaré Oya, west of the Lom river, 21 Feb. 1961, F.J. Breteler 1085 (P[P00358878 http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358878, web, WAG[WAG.1135646, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135646]); Bétaré Oya, 19 Feb. 1961, F.J. Breteler 1078 (WAG[WAG.1135647, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135647]); piste Kon–confluent Noun–Mbam, 23 km NW Bafia, 23 Jan. 1981, B. Satabié 582 (P[P00358870, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358870, web]); Nyamongo, 12 km NE Bafia, 28 Mar. 1963, J. & A. Raynal 10549 (P[P00358871, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358871, web]); Logone W., 22 Mar. 1933, H. Lhote 181 (P[P00358872, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358872, web]); Makenène, à 13 km au N de Ndikinimeki et le confluent Ndé–Noun, 17 Feb. 1972, R. Letouzey 11250 (P[P00358873, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358873, web]); au N de Touraké, Deng Deng, 21 Feb. 1961, R. Letouzey 3507 (P[P00358875, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358875, web]); Gounte, Bertoua, 25 Jan. 1960, R. Letouzey 2778 (P[P00358876, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358876, web]); Gendimi, Mar. 1939, H. Jacques-Félix 3417 (P[P00358877, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358877, web]); Mount Cameroon, Bambuko Forest Reserve, 4º20′N, 9º10′E, 29 Jan. 1958, R.W.J. Keay 37460 (K, http://specimens.kew. org/herbarium/K000106921). Note – We refrain from designating a neotype because we have not seen material from Togo, a country outside the area covered by our revision. 7. Eulophia caricifolia (Rchb.f.) Summerh. (Summerhayes 1936b: 442) – Lissochilus caricifolius Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1877: 74). Type – Gabon: M.-T. Griffon de Bellay s.n. (holotype: W, n.v.) Distribution – Widely distributed in tropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon and Republic of the Congo (fig. 5D). Habitat and ecology – In swampy places, temporarily inundated savannah, open places, grassland, forest edge and ri412 parian forests, on sandy and siliceous soils. Elevation 0–800 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread and abundant in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Lagos, Ikoyi Plains, 18 May 1914, J.M. Dalziel 964 (K); Eket District, 1912-13, P.A. Talbot et al. 3160 (K); between Uke and Nobi, valley of the Idemili stream, 15 May 1956, C.F. Onochie s.n. (FHI[FHI0035801-0, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/ al.ap.specimen.fhi0035801-0, web]). Cameroon: 10 km à l’E de Kinsasa, à 65 km au NNE de Moloundou, sur route de Yokadouma, 4 Mar. 1971, R. Letouzey & J.F. Villiers 10497 (P[P00358858, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358858, web]). Equatorial Guinea: Litoral, Etembue, 16 Jul. 1939 L. Del Val s.n. (MA[785017, http://161.111.171.57/ herbarioV/visorVCat.php?img=MA-01-00785017, http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat. 785028, php?img=MA-01-00785028]); Bata–Bome, río Boara, 1 Jun. 1991, M. Carvalho 4705 (MA[597837, http://161.111.171.57/ herbarioV/visorVCat.php?img=MA-01-00597837], WAG[WAG.1135653, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135653]); Baga, 19 Jun. 1999, Eneme 352 (WAG[WAG.1135652, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135652]). Gabon: Batéké Plateau, Mpassa River watershed, 4.2 km N of Station of the Projet de Protection des Gorilles. 2º04′45″S, 14º03′47″E, 27 Nov. 2001, G. Walters et al. 988 (K); OgoouéIvindo, Lopé Reserve, 26 Dec. 1996, J.J. de Wilde & R.W. de Wilde-Bakhuizen 11821 (WAG[WAG.1135669, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135669]); Oyan, 0º11′S, 9º20′E, 19 Oct. 1990, C.M. Wilks & J.J. Dibata 2330 (WAG[WAG.1135658, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135658]); route cap Estérias, 11 Sep. 1985, A.M. Louis 1803 (WAG[WAG.1135659, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135659, WAG.1135660, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135660]); Pointe Denis, 0º20′N 9º21′E, 13 Nov. 1988, L.J.G. van der Maesen et al. 5462 (WAG[WAG.1135661, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135661]); Nyanga, Moukalaba Doudou, national park south of Nyanga river, 3º00.87′S, 10º25.30′E, 21 Feb. 2004, J.L. van Valkenburg et al. 2933 (WAG[WAG.1135662, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135662]); Nyanga, Mayumba, 22 Oct. 1986, A.M. Louis 2226 (WAG[WAG.1135663, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135663]); Peninsule of Cap Esterias, 0º34.7′N, 9º21.0′E, 10 Dec. 2003, C.C.H. Jongkind 5929 (WAG[WAG.1135664, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135664]); Gamba, around 5 km from station des pompiers at S side of Gamba lagoon, 2º43′S, 10º12′E, 17 Dec. 1995, M.A. van Bergen & M.H. van der Houten 178 (WAG[WAG.1135665, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135665]); Pointe Denis / Pongara / Ovingombé, 0º20′N, 9º21′E, 20 Dec. 1999, E.L. Simons & R. Westerduijn 484 (WAG[WAG.1135666, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135666]); SE of Port Gentil, 0º40′S, 8º50′E, 16 Sep. 1968, F.J. Breteler & R.A. van Raalte Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa 5574 (WAG[WAG.1135667, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135667]); 20 km N of Libreville, 0º35′N, 9º22′E, 29 Jan. 1987, J.M. Reitsma & B. Reitsma 2859 (WAG[WAG.1135668, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135668]); cap Lopez, Nov. 1894, F.-R. Thollon s.n. (P[P00358846, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358846, web]); près d’Imeno, HauteNgounyé, 2 Jan. 1925, G. Le Testu 5166 (P[P00358849, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358849, web]); CEFA Ayem, 10 km SW Ndjolé, km 9 du chantier, 30 Apr. 1963, N. Hallé 1936 (P[P00358850, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358850, web]); Ogoué, Fernan Vaz, A. Leroy s.n. (P[P00358826, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358826, web]); Franceville, route N de Mounana–Ogooué, 27 Dec. 1961, P. Sita 488 (P[P00358975, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358975, web]). Republic of the Congo: Brazzaville, 9 Dec. 1957, H.C.D. de Wit 6004 (WAG[WAG.1135651, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135651]); bord du Congo au confluent du Djoué, 4º20′S, 15º15′E, 22 Feb. 1965, C. Farron 4741 (P[P00538796, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00538796, web]); Moyen Congo, près Mayama, Sep. 1949, J. Trochain 7993 (P[P00358808, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358808, web]); Brazzaville, plaine de Mpila, IX-1887, F.-R. Thollon 883 (P[P00358809, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358809, web]); environs de Brazzaville, route de Kinkala, village de Gangalingolo, à 18 km sur la route Brazzaville– Kinkala, 5 Dec. 1962, de Néré 16 (P[P00358820, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358820, web]); Ngakouba, Plateaux Batékés, 20 Apr. 1970, L. Makany 1563 (P[P00358821, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p003588215, web]); Mare de Ngamakala, à 37 km au N de Brazzaville, 23 Oct. 1969, L. Makany 1248 (P[P00358822, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358822, web]); près Brazzaville, 16 Jan. 1959, J. Koechlin 5713 (P[P00358827, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358827, web]); Marais de la Djili, près de Brazzaville sur la route de M’bé, Oct. 1958, J. Koechlin 5304 (P[P00358828, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358828, web]); mare de Gamakala, 4º05′S, 15º25′E, 14 May 1965, C. Farron 4138 (P[P00358829, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358829, web]); Plateau Bateké, route des falaises de Douvres, mare de Gamakala, 26 Feb. 1962, B. Descoings 9821 (P[P00358830, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358830, web]); environs d’Etoumbi, à 36 km sur la route d’Ewo, 2 Aug. 1961, B. Descoings 8732 (P[P00358833, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00358833, web]); Pays Bakongo, Mbamou à Gompaka, 4 Aug. 1912, A. Chevalier 27687 (P[P00358835, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358835, web]); vallée du Niaú près Malolo, ancienne route de Gabon, 1 Feb. 1976, P. Cabaliou 145 (P[P00358839, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00358839, web]). 8. Eulophia cristata (Afzel. ex Sw.) Steud. (Steudel 1840: 605) – Limodorum cristatum Afzel ex Sw. (Swartz 1805: 86). Type – Sierra Leone: A. Afzelius s.n. (lectotype: S, n.v., designated by Szlachetko 2008: 230). Lissochilus purpuratus Lindl. (Lindley 1862: 133). Type – Nigeria: Abbeokuta, C. Barter 3331 (holotype: http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K[K000078575, K000078575, web]). Distribution – West, Central, and East Tropical Africa. Nigeria and Cameroon (fig. 5C). Habitat and ecology – In open savannah woodland and temporarily inundated, herbaceous savannah on lateritic soils. Elevation 700–1000 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread and abundant in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Ilaro, 70 km NW of Lagos, 7 Apr. 1950, L. Bels 65 (U[U.1466620, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/U.1466620]); Lagos, Abeokuta road, 19 Feb. 1945, B.L. Burtt 33 (K); W of Ife campus, 14 Mar. 1968, W.W. Sanford s.n. (L[L.1504972, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.1504972]); near Zaria, Sep. 1957, Messemaeckers v/d Graaf Clayton s.n. (WAG[WAG.1135734, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135734, WAG.1135735, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135735]); W of Mubi, 10º15′N, 13º15′E, 5 May 1972, P. Wit et al. 1788 (WAG[WAG.1135732, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135732]); Yankari Game Reserve, 9º45′N, 10º30′E, 18 Apr. 1971, C. Geerling 3542 (WAG[WAG.1135733, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135733]); near the Ogun river bridge on the Oyo–Iseyin road, 23 Mar. 1958, C.F. Onochie s.n. (WAG[WAG.1135728, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135728]); near Akure, 5 Mar. 1955, P.W. Richards 5123 (P[P00365843, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365843, web]); Ilorin–Jebba road, 2 Mar. 1950, R.D. Meikle 1235 (P[P00365844, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365844, web]); Olokemeji, 21 Mar. 1947, Jonathan s.n. (P[P00365845, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365845, web]); between Olokemeji and Iseyin, 7 Apr. 1958, D.J. Hambler 441 (P[P00365846, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365846, web]). Cameroon: near Monay, 20 km north of Betare Oya, 20 Feb. 1961, F.J. Breteler 1154 (WAG[WAG.1135730, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135730]); Bertoua–Batouri, 1962, V. Tchinaye 81 (P[P00365882, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365882, web]); near Obala, 35 km NNE Yaoundé, 8 Mar. 1969, W.W. Sanford 6126 (P[P00365883, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365883, web]); Guérima, 7 km NE Bafia, rive droite du Mbam, 28 Mar. 1963, J. & A. Raynal 10546 (P[P00365884, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365884, web]); Boye, about 50 km N of Garoua Bolai, 16 Apr. 1977, I. Nordal 964 (P[P00365885, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365885, web]); piste de Bouba au confluent Lom / Bâ, Betare Oya, 10 Mar. 1961, R. Letouzey 3631 (P[P00365886, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365886, web]); au NW de Kissi, Betare Oya, 28 Feb. 1961, R. Letouzey 3560 (P[P00365887, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365887, web]); Doumé, Apr. 1939, H. Jacques-Félix 3548 (P[P00365888, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365888, 413 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 web]); Guenderou, Mar. 1939, H. Jacques-Félix 3372 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ (P[P00365889, mnhn/p/p00365889, web]); Foumban à Banyo, Feb. 1939, H. Jacques-Félix 3233 (P[P00365890, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365890, web]); Mango vers Hoseré Vokré, 10 km S Poli, 13 Apr. 1977, G. Fotius 2619 (P[P00365891, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365891, web]); Madele–Bamenda road, 19 Feb. 1948, H. Gregory 251 (K). 9. Eulophia cucullata (Afzel. ex Sw.) Steud. (Steudel 1840: 605) – Limodorum cucullatum Afzel. ex Sw. (Swartz 1805: 86). Type – Sierra Leone: A. Afzelius s.n. (lectotype: S, n.v., designated by Szlachetko 2008: 232). Lissochilus arenarius Lindl. (Lindley 1862: 133) – Eulophia arenaria (Lindl.) Bolus (Bolus 1898: 185). Type – Nigeria: Nupe, C. Barter 1488 (holotype: K[K000078553, http:// specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000078553, web]). Distribution – Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, and Republic of the Congo (fig. 5E). Habitat and ecology – In woodland and herbaceous savannah, occasionally in humid areas, on sandy and lateritic soils and on rocky hills (inselberg). Elevation 0–1900 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread and abundant in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Kabba, May 1962, D. Westwood s.n. (K); within 50 miles of Maiduguri, Borna, 6 Jul. 1907, A.C. Parsons s.n. (K); Aguji, near Ilorin, 26 Aug. 1913, J. Thornton s.n. (K); Kaccacere, Zangon Ketaf District, 14 Jun. 1957, G.V. Summerhayes 105 (K); Vom, Bauchi Plateau, 1922, J. Dent Young 235 (K); 17 miles S. of Igbeti, 9 May 1970, J.K. Bowden 146 (K); Amban, 1 May 1972, D.E.S. King s.n. (K); Zenabi–L. Kano, 7 Jun. 1968, D.E.S. King s.n. (K); near Ukpelu Naboua, Orle River Forest Reserve, 26 Jun. 1952, O.A. Umana s.n. (K); Vom Catering Rest House, 9º40′N, 8º50′E, 19 Apr. 1972, P. Wit 1309 (K, https://bioportal.naturalis.nl/speciWAG[WAG.1135804, men/WAG.1135804]); Zaranda–Fulani, 19 May 1921, H.V. Lely 199 (K); Zaria Province, Kam Gimi, 9 May 1948, R.W.J. Keay & W.E.S. Mutch s.n. (K, P[P00365707, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365707, web]); 10 miles before Abuja on road from Reika, 14 Jun. 1970, W.W. Sanford 6506a (L[L.1504977, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/L.1504977]); Beli, 7º50′N, 11ºE, 8 May 1972, P. Wit et al. 1879 (WAG[WAG.1135807, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135807]); Maisamari village, 7º10′N, 11º05′E, 27 Apr. 1972, J.D. Chapman 2770 (WAG[WAG.1135803, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135803]); between Gawu and Abuja road junction, 12 Jun. 1958, C.F. Onochie s.n. (P[P00365705, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365705, web]); Mambila Plateau, Dorofi, 25 Jun. 1958, J.W.F. Chapman 18 (P[P00365766, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365766, web]); Birnin Gwari distr., Mando, 18 Jun. 1950, R.W.J. Keay s.n. (P[P00365706, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365706, web]); 2 miles on Igana–Iwere road, 1 Aug. 1970, V.E. Ei414 munjeze & J.K. Adebusuyi s.n. (FHI[FHI0063420-0, https:// plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0063420-0, web]). Cameroon: Yaúnde-Station, 1890-94, G. Zenker & A. Staudt 256 (K); Ndop Plain, near Bamessi, 6º00′N, 10º30′E, 30 Mar. 1962, M. Brunt 271 (K[K000106924, http://specimens. kew.org/herbarium/K000106924]); Ndop Plain, Bamali to Bambalang, 5º45′N, 10º15′E, 12 Apr. 1962, M.A. Brunt 354 (K[K000106923, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000106923]); 6 km W of Bali, 5º53′N, 10º0′E, 26 Mar. 1978, J. Lowe 3646 (K[K000106922, http://specimens.kew. org/herbarium/K000106922, web]); Haman, am Lom-Fluss, 13º35′E, 19 Apr. 1914, J. Mildbraed 8910 (K); Parc National de la Bénoué, 8º7′30″N, 13º47′00″E, 16 Jul. 1975, P. Wit 3147 (WAG[WAG.1135754, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135754]); Mogode a Roumsiki, 10º35′N, 13º35′E, 11 Jun. 1974, C. Geerling & J. Néné 5016 (WAG[WAG.1135753, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135753]); between Bafia and N’Dikinimêki, 20 km W of Bafia, 28 Apr. 1964, W.J. de Wilde & B.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 2308 (P[P00365760 http:// web, coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365760, WAG[WAG.1135751, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135751, WAG.1135752, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135752]); colline de Mbolhové, environs 10 km E d’Awaé, N du village de Uchgambo, 10 Apr. 1974, J.F. Villiers 920 (P[P00365761, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365761, web]); Yoko, ancien tracé de la route de Bafia (vallée du Djim), 21 Apr. 1963, J. & A. Raynal 10935 (P[P00365762, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365762, web]); près Nyandingi, à 30 km SW de Linte, 24 Apr. 1982, B.A. Nkongmeneck 320 (P[P00365763, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365763, web]); près du mont Meza, Nanga Eboko, 12 May 1959, R. Letouzey 1962 (P[P00365764, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365764, web]); Guidoler, May 1939, H. Jacques-Félix 3804 (P[P00365765, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365765, web]); Ngoum, 36 km N de Yoko, axe Yoko-Tibati, 3 May 1979, M. Biholong 437 (P[P00365767, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365767, web]); Bambuluwe lake, Bafut Ngemba reserve, 28 May 1959, B.O. Daramola s.n. (WAG[WAG.1135805, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135805, WAG.1135806, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135806]). Gabon: 74 km along the road from Sindara to Mouila, 1º30′S, 10º40′E, 26 Nov. 1984, J.C. Arends et al. 456 (K, WAG[WAG.1135775, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135775, WAG.1135776, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135776]); Ngouné, along road Yombi to Mandji, 5 km past Bembodié, 1º30′12′′S, 10º30′48′′E, 28 Oct. 1994, J.J. Wieringa et al. 2950 (MA[843750, http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat.php?img=MA-01-00843750], WAG[WAG.1135771, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135771]); between Mouila and Moabi, 2º10′S, 11º40′E, 24 Oct. 1985, J.M. Reitsma & B. Reitsma 1759 http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorV(MA[456410, WAG[WAG.1135774, Cat.php?img=MA-01-00456410], Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135774]); about 22 km in Northern direction from Doussala, 2º12′S, 10º36′E, 4 Dec. 1986, J.J. de Wilde et al. 9157 (P[P00365754 web, WAG[WAG.1135773, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135773]); Plateau Batéké, 7 km S of Léconi, opposite the cirque of Léconi, 1º39′S, 14º17′E, 8 Dec. 1989, J.J. de Wilde et al. 10016 (WAG[WAG.1135772, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135772]); km 3 Moanda– Franceville, 1º31′S, 13º14′E, 7 Oct. 1970, F.J. Breteler 6811 (WAG[WAG.1135770, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135770]); Lopé reserve, near Airstrip Lopé hotel, 0º06′21′′S, 11º36′06′′E, 22 Dec. 1996, J.J. de Wilde & R.W. de Wilde-Bakhuizen 11797 (WAG[WAG.1135769, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135769]); SSE of Moanda, near Mandjaye, 1º41′S, 13º18′E, 8 Dec. 1992, J. Dibata 1108 (WAG[WAG.1135768, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135768]); Mouila, lac bleu, bord de l’eau, 21 Nov. 1985, A.M. Louis 1976 (WAG[WAG.1135767, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135767]); Oyan, 0º11′S, 9º20′E, 18 Oct. 1990, C.M. Wilks & J.J. Dibata 2320 (WAG[WAG.1135766, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135766]); Loango National Park, 1º55′28″S, 9º19′55″E, 28 Sep. 2004, J.-C. Mouandza Mbembo & B. Koumba 298 (WAG[WAG.1135765, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135765]); Pongara, 0º19′42′′N, 9º21′E, 17 Dec. 012, T.H.J. Damen et al. 542 (WAG[WAG.1924526, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1924526]); Lopé Reserve, alongside the Lopé river, 6º00′S, 11º40′E, 27 Jul. 1986, J.M. Reitsma & B. Reitsma 2448 (WAG[WAG.1135777, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135777]); Iguéla, Sep. 1894, A. Leroy s.n. (P[P00365678, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365678, web]); Préfecture de M’paga, à environ 7 km au N du lac Alombié, au S de la réserve de Wonga Wongué, 0º51′05″S, 9º27′38″E, 18 Oct. 2014, E. Bidault et al. 1768 (BR[BR0000024391931, https:// www.botanicalcollections.be/specimen/BR0000024391931], P[P00854768, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00854768, web]); 50 km S de Lambaréné, 15 km SE lac Ezanga, 1º06′07″S, 10º15′38″E, 21 Nov. 2013, E. Bidault et al. 1377 (BR[BR0000020751678, https://www.botanicalcollections.be/specimen/BR0000020751678, web]); Ogooue-Lolo, Ivindo area, SE of Lastoursville, 0º55′54″N, 13º17′40″E, 21 Nov. 2015, N. Texier & E. Akouangou 235 (P[P01192873, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p01192873, web]); lagune de Fernan Vaz, Toungounamba, 1º34′31″N, 9º22′18″E, 17 Nov. 2016, E. Bidault et al. 2651 (P[P01193325, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p01193325, web]); région du Lac Alombié, 4 km au N de Mpaga, 0º52′11″S 9º27′26″E, 18 Oct. 2014, O. Lachenaud et al. 2003 (P[P01069561, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p01069561, web]). Republic of the Congo: Kouilou Region by Mvuti, near Pounga, 12 Dec. 1990, I.F. & E.A.S. La Croix 1161 (K); Brazzaville, 9 Dec. 1957, H.C.D. de Wit s.n. (WAG[WAG.1135819, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135819, WAG.1135820, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135820]); Brazzaville, Nov. 1884, F.R. Thollon s.n. (P[P00365680, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365680, web]); Bafou, près Loango, C.J. Spire s.n. (P[P00365683, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365683, web]); Plateau Batéké, route de Maloukou, entre Mandielé et la mare Ngatsou, 1965, P. Sita 1173 (P[P00365684, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365684, web]); environs de Brazzaville, route de Kinkala, village de Gangalingolo, à 18 km sur la route Brazzaville–Kinkala, 5 Dec. 1962, de Néré 18 (P[P00365685, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365685, web]); Mare de Ngokouba, à 47 km au N de Brazzaville, 23 Oct. 1969, L. Makany 959 (P[P00365686, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365686, web]); rivière Tschissafo, près Loango, 3 Nov. 1893, H. Lecomte s.n. (P[P00365687, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365687, web]); près de Guadaloupi, au S de Loango, 1 Oct. 1893, H. Lecomte s.n. (P[P00365689, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365689, web]); Poste du Diélé, 7 Dec. 1883, J. de Brazza s.n. (P[P00365691, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365691, web]); village Lindui, 23 Oct. 1883, J. de Brazza 198 (P[P00365693, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365693, web]); depuis Chysville, sur le plateau Botidi en Botoki, 18 Dec. 1928, M. Estève 12b (P[P00365694, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365694, web]). Notes – Flower size shows a wide variability among specimens studied, throughout its distribution range. 10. Eulophia euglossa (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. ex Bateman (Bateman 1866: t. 5561) – Galeandra euglossa Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1852: 935). Type – Sierra Leone: van Hees 1288 (holotype: W, n.v.). Eulophia dusenii Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1894: 254). Type – Cameroon: P. Dusén 264 (holotype: B†). Distribution – Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni) and Gabon (fig. 5F). Habitat and ecology – Secondary forests and plantations, riparian forests, shrubby low montane forests, also in rocky areas. Elevation 500–1100 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread and abundant in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Idanre Hills, near Aweba, 1948, R.W.J. Keay & J.P.M. Brenan s.n. (K). Cameroon: 35 km au NNW de Sangmelima, 20 km NNW de Zoetelé, Mokomessi, 7 Jul. 1972, R. Letouzey 11453 (P[P00365606, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365606, web, WAG[WAG.1135847, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135847, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ WAG.1135848, specimen/WAG.1135848]); Yokadouma, near catholic mision, 3º31′N, 15º02′E, 6 Jun. 1979, F.M. van der Laan 24 (WAG[WAG.1135834, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135834, WAG.1135835, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135835]); Nkolbisson, on top of Mt. Akouandoué, 3º51′N, 11º28′E, 23 May 1970, J.J. Bos 6874 (P[P00365611 http://coldb. 415 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365611, web, WAG[WAG.1135836, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135836, WAG.1135837, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135837, WAG.1135838, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135838]); 16 km on the road from Ebolowa to Minkok, 2º58′N, 11º17′E, 15 May 1975, J.J. de Wilde 8231a (WAG[WAG.1135839, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135839]); Yaoundé, 1962, de Wilde s.n. (WAG[WAG.1135840, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135840]); N’Koemvone, 14 km on the road from Ebolowa to Ambam, 2º49′N, 11º8′E, 7 Apr. 1975, J.J. de Wilde 8149a (WAG[WAG.1135843, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135843, WAG.1135844, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135844]); colline de Nkoltsia, 23 km NW Bipindi, 3º10′30″N, 10º16′30″E, 27 Apr. 1974, J.F. Villiers 887 (P[P00365598, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365598, web]); Bamenda, by river Metschem, 2 Aug. 1951, E. Ujor s.n. (K[K000106934], P[P00365603, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365603, web]); Bez. Ebolowa, 2 Jun. 1911, J. Mildbraed 5518 (P[P00365605, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365605, web]); Yaoundé, Nkolbisson (Akokdoué), 23 May 1970, C. Farron 73 (P[P00365609, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365609, web]); Ngoekele (Yaoundé), 22 Jul. 1960, E. Endengle 153 (P[P00365610, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365610, web]); entre Ndonga et Essandja, 60 km NE Ntui, Bafia, 17 May 1979, M. Biholong 553 (P[P00365612, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365612, web]); Makak, 72 km SE Akonolinga, 11 Jun. 1981, J.N. Asongani 243 (P[P00365613, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365613, web]); inselberg de Akomssili, zone de Bouamir, à 6 km au SO du grand rocher de Bouamir, Réserve du Dja, 3º10′16″N, 12º45′36″E, 21 Jul. 2002, T. Stévart & D. Pial 502 (K, P[P00376356 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00376356, web]); sommet du Mbam Minkom (20–25 km NW de Yaundé), 29 May 2009, O. Lachenaud & H. Taedoumg 923 (BR[BR6202001858008, https://www.botanicalcollections.be/specimen/BR6202001858008, web]); Korup National Park, 4º59′N, 8º51′E, Mar. 1979, D.W. Thomas 1037 (K[K000106933, http://specimens.kew.org/ herbarium/K000106933]). Equatorial Guinea: Alum, entre Mikomeseng y Nkue, 1º39′N, 11º4′E, 13 Jun. 2000, R. Pérez Viso 3050 (MA http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat. [784974, php?img=MA-01-00784974]); Parque Nacional de Monte Alén, Bong, senda que va hacia el lago Atok, 1º39′18″N, 10º16′41″E, 28 Jun. 1999, R. Pérez Viso 1304 (MA[703172, http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat. php?img=MA-01-00703172]). Gabon: track from Doussala to Bongo, 1º23′S, 10º12′E, 2 Dec. 1986, J.J. de Wilde et al. 9105 (WAG[WAG.1135851, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135851, WAG.1135852, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135852, WAG.1135853, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135853, WAG.1135854, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135854]); rocher de 416 Abanga, 0º50′N, 10º55′E, 31 Oct. 1985, F.M. van der Laan 944 (WAG[WAG.1135850, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135850]); 2 km on road from Lébamba to Mbigou, along the Biroundou river, 2º13′S, 11º29′E, 8 Feb. 1991, J.J. de Wilde & M. Sosef 10417 (WAG[WAG.1135845, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135845, WAG.1135846, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135846]); Efout, 11 km E Medouneu, rocher Fané, 4 Feb. 1968, N. Hallé & J.F. Villiers 4921 (P[P00365592, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365592, web]); Makoukou, N. Hallé 4245 (P[P00365593, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365593, web]); Makoukou, 22 Jan. 1979, J. Florence 1575 (P[P00365595, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365595, web]). 11. Eulophia flavopurpurea (Rchb.f.) Rolfe (Rolfe 1897: 65) – Cyrtopera flavopurpurea Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1878: 68) . Type – Sudan: Niamniam, G. Schweinfurth 3546 (lectotype: W, n.v., designated by Szlachetko 2008: 235). Lissochilus millsonii Rolfe (Rolfe 1897: 79) – Eulophia millsonii (Rolfe) Summerh. (Summerhayes 1936b: 446). Type – Nigeria: Yoruba, A. Millson 86 (holotype: K[K000078565, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000078565, web]). Eulophia tuberifera Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1900: 169). Type – Cameroon: P. Dusén 258 (holotype: B†). Distribution – Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria and Cameroon (fig. 5F). Habitat and ecology – In grassland, marshy savannah, and savannah woodland, on lateritic soils. Elevation 300–1500 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Kabba, School of Agriculture, Apr. 1962, D. Westwood 259 (P[P00365575, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365575, web]); Benin, 3 miles N of Ugbohigan, 19 Apr. 1948, J. Dundas s.n. (FHI[FHI0021460-0, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0021460-0, web]); Interior, western Lagos, 1893, Rowland 86 (K[K000078568, http:// specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000078568]); 9 miles N of Zungeru, 6 May 1948, R.W.J. Keay s.n. (K). Cameroon: environs de Nkolosananga, 6 km NNE Monatele, Bafia, 11 Jan. 1983, B. Satabié 640 (P[P00365585, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365585, web]); W of Nkambe, 6º37′N, 10º30′E, Apr. 1986, D.W. Thomas 6073 (P[P00365584, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365584, web]); Elomzok, 39 km N Yaoundé, 27 Mar. 1963, J. & A. Raynal 10520 (P[P00365586, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365586, web]); near Bonongo, 26 Jan. 1958, R.W.J. Keay s.n. (P[P00365587, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365587, web]); Mbibol, 40 km W Ngaoundéré, 12 Jun. 1977, G. Fotius 2663 (P[P02083016, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02083016, web]); Ndop plain, below Ndop, 5º45′N, 10º15′E, 13 Apr. 1962, M.A. Brunt Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa 363 (K[K000106928, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000106928]). 12. Eulophia galeoloides Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1898: 508). Type – Tanzania: Usambara, Mar., E. Heinsen 10 (holotype: B†); Tanzania, Lushoto District, Amani, C. Braun 670 (neotype: K[K000410402, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000410402, designated here; isoneotype: EA n.v.). Distribution: Mainly distributed in East Tropical Africa, extending from Ghana to the west. Nigeria (fig. 6A), Cameroon (?). Habitat and ecology – Shady forests. Elevation 0–100 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – CR (Critically Endangered). Although this taxon is widely distributed in Africa, it is only known from one location in the area of study. Notes – Kraenzlin (1898: 508) described this species from material collected by E. Heinsen in Usambara, Tanzania. In the herbaria B, BM, BR, and K where Heinsen’s collections could be deposited, no material assigned to E. galeoloides could be traced. Cribb (1989) and Geerinck (1992) mentioned a destroyed sheet from B (Braun 670) as holotype, with an isotype deposited in K, which contains material collected in 1905 by Carl Braun from the seedbeds in Amani (in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania). The holotype would have been assigned to a specimen collected by E. Heinsen, but this material was destroyed. So, it is necessary to designate a neotype and we have chosen the specimen from the same region, collected by Braun 670 (K000410402). Summerhayes (1968) revised the sheet FHI20295, with specimens collected by S. Tamajong in Etemi, Ijebu Ode (Nigeria), which is represented in the distribution map. There is a distribution record for Cameroon in Govaerts et al. (2019), but we have not seen specimens or bibliographic references, which could confirm its presence in this country. 13. Eulophia gracilis Lindl. (Lindley 1823b: t. 742) – Galeandra gracilis (Lindl.) Lindl. (Lindley 1833: 187) – Graphorkis gracilis (Lindl.) Kuntze (Kuntze 1891: 662). Type – Sierra Leone: coll. G. Don s.n. cult. Horticultural Soc. Chiswick (holotype: t. 742 in Lindley 1823b). Distribution – West and Central Tropical Africa, extending to the south to Angola. Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), and Gabon (fig. 6B). Habitat and ecology – Open woodland, secondary forests and plantations, coastal shrub and forests, grassland, occasionally in riparian forests and ruderal vegetation, on sandy soils and rocky places. Elevation 0–100 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread and abundant in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Lagos (Ikoyi), 13 Jan. 1950, L. Bels 5 (U[U.1466621, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/U.1466621]); Ekinta River Forest Reserve, about 20 km ENE of Calabar, 5º00′N, 8º30′E, 2 Apr. 1971, P.P. van Meer 1146 (WAG[WAG.1135955, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135955]); Oba Hills Forest Reserve, 30 Jan. 1966, W.W. Sanford 469/66 (L[L.1520451, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/L.1520451]); river Ogun opposite Djaiye Forest Reserve, 20 Apr. 1947, C.F. Onochie s.n. (P[P00365485, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365485, web]); Enyinawsa, lagoon opposite Epe, 19 Jan. 1956, C.F. Onochie s.n. (FHI[FHI0035262-1, https://plants.jstor.org/ stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0035262-1, web]); 16 miles W of Oyo, 10 Feb. 1948, R.W.J. Keay s.n. (K); Imo State, Avu, 1976, B. Segerbäck 1208 (K); Barga valley near Enugu, s. col. s.n. (K). Cameroon: Campo Ma’an area, Massif des Mamelles, path to Mamelles highlands, 2º26′31″N, 9º54′51″E, 23 Apr. 2001, T. Peguy et al. 3224 (WAG[WAG.1136028, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1136028]); 5 km south of Dibombari, near Bonambwass, 4º09′N, 9º41′E, 18 Feb. 1988, P. Mambo et al. 825 (WAG[WAG.1135901, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135901]); Mpolongwe, 8 km N of Kribi, 3º02′N, 9º58′E, 1 Mar. 1997, M. Elad 591 (WAG[WAG.1135902, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135902]); 15 km from Kribi, Edea road, Mpolongwe river, 3º00′N, 9º58′E, 7 Jan. 1969, J.J. Bos 3576 (P[P00365551, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365551, web], WAG[WAG.1135904, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135904, WAG.1135905, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135905]); about 9 km S of Kribi, S bank of Lobe river, 2º52′N, 9º54′E, 21 Jan. 1969, J.J. Bos 3708 (WAG[WAG.1135906, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135906, WAG.1135907, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135907]); ca. 40 km S of Badjob, ca. 50 km SW of Eséka, Nyong river, near the bridge, 19 Dec. 1963, W.J. de Wilde & B.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 1574 (WAG[WAG.1135908, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135908, WAG.1135909, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1135909]); 36 km N of Kribi, on Lokoundje river bank, near bridge at Edéa, 3º11′N, 10º02′E, 27 Dec. 1969, J.J. Bos 5974 (WAG[WAG.1135910, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135910]); près Ekite (3 km W Edea), 22 Dec. 1973, R. Letouzey 12498 (P[P00365541, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365541, web]); Pout Kelle (20 km N Ejeka), Edea, 9 Dec. 1973, R. Letouzey 12310 (P[P00365543, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365543, web]); près Esseng, 12 km NNE de Ngam, Ndikinimeki, 23 Jan. 1972, R. Letouzey 11066 (P[P00365544, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365544, web]); près Ndoknabao, à 30 km au SW de Ndikinimeki, 16 Dec. 1971, R. Letouzey 10834 (P[P00365545, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365545, web]); près Akom, 35 km S Bengbis, Akonolinga, 16 Mar. 1962, R. Letouzey 4539 (P[P00365547, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365547, web]); confluent du Tia et de la Sanaga, Nangaeboko, 24 Feb. 1959, R. Letouzey 1517 (P[P00365548, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365548, web]); Ebo National Park, 4º22′N, 10º25′E, 15 Feb. 2006, B. Tchiengue s.n. (K[K000580997, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000580997]). 417 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 Figure 6 – Distribution maps. A. Eulophia galeoloides (asterisk), E. latilabris (circles), and E. penduliflora (square). B. Eulophia gracilis (circles) and E. juncifolia (squares). C. Eulophia guineensis (circles) and E. leonensis (squares). D. Eulophia horsfallii subsp. horsfallii (circles) and E. horsfallii subsp. velayosiana (squares). E. Eulophia orthoplectra (circles) and E. ramifera (square). F. Eulophia pyrophila (circles) and E. stachyodes (squares). Maps created with Map Maker Pro version 3.5 (Map Maker Limited 2019). 418 Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa Equatorial Guinea: Bata–Bome, 6 Dec. 1993, M. Carvalho 5430 (MA[598441, http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat.php?img=MA-01-00598441], WAG[WAG.1135911, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135911, WAG.1135912, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135912]). Gabon: near Libreville, along road to Cap Esterias, Forêt de la Mondah, 0º29′N, 9º30′E, 30 Oct. 1983, A.M. Louis et al. 192 (WAG[WAG.1135918, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135918, WAG.1135919, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135919]); near Libreville, along road to Cap Esterias, Forêt de la Mondah, 0º29′N, 9º30′E, 8 Aug. 1984, F.M. van der Laan 814 (WAG[WAG.1135915, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135915]); 1 km sur la piste à droite, 2 km avant le Cap Esterias, 12 Nov. 1982, A.M. Louis 93 (WAG[WAG.1135913, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135913, WAG.1135914, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135914]); about 8 km N of Mayumba, 3º21′S, 10º40′E, 6 Dec. 1986, J.J. de Wilde et al. 9190 (WAG[WAG.1135917, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135917]); Moyen-Ogooué, 37 km W of Lopé, along road to Ndjolé, 0º3′54′′S, 11º16′48′′E, 20 Nov. 1994, J.J. Wieringa et al. 3252 (WAG[WAG.1135916, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135916]); between Pongara and Point Denis, 0º19.5′N, 9º19.1′E, 19 Dec. 2012, T.H. Damen et al. 564 (WAG[WAG.1924527, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1924527]); Gamba, 4 km along the track Setté Cama to Gamba, 2º33′S, 9º47′E, 11 Dec. 1994, J.J. de Wilde & R.W. de Wilde-Bakhuizen 11374 (WAG[WAG.1135920, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135920]); Mayumba, 23 Jan. 1907, G. Le Testu 968 (P[P00365489, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365489, web]); environs de Libreville, 23 Nov. 1898, P. Klaine 1441 (P[P00365535, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365535, web]); cap Esterias (route Freel), 23 Sep. 1967, J.F. Villiers 318 (P[P00365540, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365540, web]); Libreville, F.-R. Thollon 49 (P[P00365482 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365482, P00365483 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365483, P00365484, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365484, web]). 14. Eulophia guineensis Lindl. (Lindley 1823a: t. 686) – Graphorkis guineensis (Lindl.) Kuntze (Kuntze 1891: 662). Type – Sierra Leone: coll. G. Don s.n. cult. Horticultural Soc. (holotype: t. 686 in Lindley 1823a). Distribution – Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, also in Republic of Cape Verde and the Arabian Peninsula. Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, and Republic of the Congo (fig. 6C). Habitat and ecology – In open and secondary forest, grassy and shrubby savannah. Elevation 500–1100 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Moor plantation, Ibadan, Jan. 1966, C.L.M. van Eijnatten 1077 (WAG[WAG.1135996, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135996, WAG.1135997, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135997]); Gambari, 20 miles NE of Ibadan, 25 Aug. 1966, C.L.M. van Eijnatten 1905a (WAG[WAG.1135990, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135990]); Gurara Falls, bank of Gurara river, 17 May 1973, V.E. Eimunjeze et al. s.n. (WAG[WAG.1135991, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135991]); Ancho, IV-1936, D. Hepburn 129 (P[P00365438, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365438, web]); Kano province, Falingo Crebo, 2 Jul. 1948, D.C. Onwudinjoh s.n. (P[P00365439, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365439, web]); Igbeti, near Forestry Rest House, 29 May 1966, D.P. Stanfield & W. Sanford 807/66 (FHI[FHI0060840-0, https:// plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi00608400, web]); Atuagbo Forest Reserve, 28 Aug. 1981, P.O. Ekwuno 100 (FHI[FHI0095353-0, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0095353-0, web]); Onitsha, Akpaba Forest Reserve, 15 Sep. 1953, C.F. Onochie s.n. (K); Boju Plateau State, 7 Sep. 1975, B. Segerbäck 1161 (K). Cameroon: Mogode à Roumsiki, 10º35′N, 13º35′E, 11 Jun. 1974, C. Geerling & J. Néné 5014 (WAG[WAG.1135988, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1135988]); Melèn, about 3 km SW of Yaoundé, 25 Aug. 1964, W.J. de Wilde & B.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes https://data.biodiversity2930 (WAG[WAG.1135993, data.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135993]); Doumé, around catholic mission, 11 Sep. 1960, F.J. Breteler 223 (WAG[WAG.1135994, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135994]); Maroua, Guradje gordje, Jun. 1945, A. Vaillant 304 (P[P00365474, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365474, web]); Magoumaz (10 km NNW Mokolo), ravine sur le flanc W de l’Hossiné, 19 May 1974, G. Fotius 999 (P[P00365475, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365475, web]). Gabon: Ngounié, Bongolo vers Lébamba, 2 Apr. 1986, A.M. Louis 2064 (WAG[WAG.1135995, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135995]). Republic of the Congo: Brazzaville, 2007, R.J.H. Becker 429 (WAG[WAG.1135986, https://data.biodiversitydata. nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135986]); ibid., 2007, R.J.H. Becker 491 (WAG[WAG.1135985, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1135985]). Note – Throughout the study area, this species shows a high variation in morphology and length of the leaves. Some specimens have leaves up to 45 cm long with a petiole up to 11 cm long; other have subsessile leaves, with the longest leaves up to 12 cm long. It is necessary to extend the study of this species throughout its distribution range, with the aim to know all its variability and evaluate the recognition of infraspecific levels. 15. Eulophia horsfallii (Bateman) Summerh. (Summerhayes 1936b: 444) – Lissochilus horsfallii Bateman (Bateman 1865: t. 5486). Type – Nigeria: Old Calabar: coll. S. Cheetham, cult. J.B. Horsfall (holotype: t. 5486 in Bateman 1865). 419 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 Key to the subspecies of Eulophia horsfallii 1. Lip with 3 ridges, whitish ................................................................15a. E. horsfallii subsp. horsfallii 1’. Lip with 5(–7) ridges, deep yellow ............................................. 15b. E. horsfallii subsp. velayosiana 15a. Eulophia horsfallii subsp. horsfallii Distribution – Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon, and Republic of the Congo (fig. 6D). Habitat and ecology – Riparian vegetation, marshy areas with dense vegetation, open and swampy places, ancient plantations, montane forests and meadows, on schists. Elevation 400–2000 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – LC (Least Concern). Widespread and abundant in the area of study. Other collections examined – Additional material to Gamarra et al. (2019) – Nigeria: Maya-Ndaga, 3 Apr. 1970, J.B. Hall & J.K. Bowden 1713 (K); between Bida and Zungaru, 15 Jan. 1950, R.D. Meikle 1023 (K); Abak, Ikot Nkeri, 23 Aug. 1948, H.D. Maggs 148 (K); Port Harcourt, 1950, H. Gregory 13 (K); Nekede, Imo State, 20 Aug. 1975, B. Segerbäck 1162 (K); Ikwette, 28 Dec. 1948, H.J. Savory & R.W.J. Keay s.n. (K). Cameroon: Yamba, Nanga Eboko, 25 May 1959, R. Letouzey 2148 (P[P00365362, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365362, web]); Bertoua, 1 Mar. 1927, L. Hedin 220 (P[P00365365, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365365, web]); Nguem, route de Bertoua, 24 Feb. 1927, L. Hedin 134 (P[P00365366, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365366, web]); près de Schang, L. Hedin s.n. (P[P00365367, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365367, web]); route de Njombé, 1957, Rose 51 (P[P00365355, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365355, web]); Poli, massif du Vokré, versant N, vallée de Mangaté, 10 km S Poli, 18 Jan. 1965, J. & A. Raynal 13047 (P[P00365356, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365356, web]); Ekoumdoum, 23 km SSW Ebolowa, 27 Feb. 1963, J. & A. Raynal 10042 (P[P00365357, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365357, web]); Nsangbwang, 13 km S Ambam, 22 Feb. 1963, J. & A. Raynal 9989 (P[P00365358, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365358, web]); Eyinantoum, 22 km SW Ambam, 19 Feb. 1963, J. & A. Raynal 9797 (P[P00365359, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365359, web]); près Mararaba, Deng Deng, 22 Feb. 1961, R. Letouzey 3519 (P[P00365361, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365361, web]); 6 km S of Kribi, Bwanbe, 2º53′N, 9º54′E, 26 Jun. 1969, J.J. Bos 4932 (WAG[WAG.1136022, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136022, WAG.1136023, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136023, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ WAG.1136024, specimen/WAG.1136024]); about 16 km from Kribi, N of Ebolowa road, 2º51′N, 10º00′E, Bidou II plantation in Kienke Reserve, 4 Jan. 1969, J.J. Bos 3556 (P[P00365371, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365371, 420 web, WAG[WAG.1136025, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/ naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136025, WAG.1136026, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136026, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ WAG.1136027, specimen/WAG.1136027]); southern slope of Mount Cameroon, above Batoke, 4º08′N, 9º05′E, Jan. 1984, D. Thomas 2946 (P[P00365352, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365352, web]); region de Lolodorf, Ngowayang, 14 Jun. 1918, E. Annet 274 (P[P00365372, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365372, web]); about 6 km of Kribi, 2-4 km E of Gr. Batanga road, 2º53′N, 9º55′E, 26 Sep. 1969, J.J. Bos 5418 (WAG[WAG.1136037, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136037, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ WAG.1136038, specimen/WAG.1136038]). Equatorial Guinea: Bata–Seney, estrada kms. 21–22, proximo a Ncoekie, 28 Oct. 1991, M. Carvalho 4911 (MA[597884, http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat. php?img=MA-01-00597884]). Gabon: Mbigou, 30 Apr. 1925, G. Le Testu 5413 (P[P00365332, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365332, web]); Ovala, 16 May 1963, N. Hallé & G. Cours 5928 (P[P00365333, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365333, web]); 10 km SW Ndjolé, 11 Apr. 1963, N. Hallé 1618 (P[P00365339, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365339, web]); Bélinga, mines de fer, 12 Jun. 1966, N. Hallé 3855 (P[P00365335, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365335, web]); bord de route de Médouneu à Akoga, 3 Sep. 1959, N. Hallé 899 (P[P00365340 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365340, P00365341 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365341, web]); route de Méla au sud des Monts de Cristal, Aug. 1959, N. Hallé 877 (P[P00365342 http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365342, web]); Boutica, 12 Jul. 1902, G. Debeaux 378 (P[P00365343, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365343, web]); Tchimbelé, 0º37′N, 10º24′E, 13 May 1990, J.J. Wieringa 928 (WAG[WAG.1136177, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136177]). Republic of the Congo: Ogoué, A. Leroy s.n. (P[P00365306, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365306, web]); Bosse dell’Alima–Leketi, J. de Brazza s.n. (P[P00365310, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365310, web]); Pays Bakongo, Mbamou à Gompaka, 4 Aug. 1912, A.J.B. Chevalier 27698 (P[P00365311 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365311, web]); Brazzaville, Dec. 1903, A.J.B. Chevalier 11198 (P[P00365312, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365312, web]). Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa 15b. Eulophia horsfallii subsp. velayosiana Ortúñez, Galán Cela & Gamarra (Gamarra et al. 2019: 4). Type – Equatorial Guinea: Bioko, road from Malabo–Bioko to Moka–Luba, 3°21′37″N, 8°40′29″E, 18 Nov. 2012, P. Barberá et al. 368 (holotype: MA[866365]). Distribution – Endemic of Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) (fig. 6D). Habitat and ecology – Grassland, ancient plantations, and edges of dense forests. Elevation 1000–1700 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – EN (Endangered) (Gamarra et al. 2019). Other collections examined – Equatorial Guinea (material studied in Gamarra et al. 2019). 16. Eulophia juncifolia Summerh. (Summerhayes 1958: 78). Type – Ghana: Anam Plains, 25 Aug. 1905, W.H. Johnson s.n. (holotype: K[K000078392, http://specimens.kew.org/ herbarium/K000078392, web]). Distribution – West Tropical Africa, from Guinea-Bissau to Cameroon and Chad. Nigeria and Cameroon (fig. 6B). Habitat and ecology – Moist grassland and savannah woodland. Elevation 200–700 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – VU (Vulnerable). The number of locations is less than 10 in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Old Oyo Forest Reserve, Ago-Ilorin, 8º55′N, 4º00′E, 20 Jul. 1971, C. Geerling 3611 (WAG[WAG.1136134, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136134]); Old Oyo Forest Reserve, Ago-Ilorin, 8º50′N, 3º50′E, 29 Jul. 1971, C. Geerling & P. Wit 3866 (WAG[WAG.1136132, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136132, WAG1136133, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ specimen/WAG.1136133]); Eruwa station, 31 Jul. 1968, B.O. Daramola s.n. (FHI[FHI0061565-0, https://plants.jstor. org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0061565-0, web]). Cameroon: Obala, à 45 km au NE bords de la Sanaga (confluent de l’Assamba), près de la gare de Njoré, 4º20′N, 11º45′E, 21 May 1970, C. Farron 7319 (P[P00365300, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365300, web]). 17. Eulophia latilabris Summerh. (Summerhayes 1936b: 444) – Lissochilus schweinfurthii Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1878: 60). Type – Sudan: bei Tuhamis Seriba, im Lande der Niamniam, 25 May 1870, G. Schweinfurth 3776 (holotype: W, n.v.; isotypes: BM[BM000529212, https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/ collection-specimens/resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b6574ccb55ab2feb/record/4649023, web, K[K000078517, http:// specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000078517]). Distribution – Tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo (fig. 6A). Habitat and ecology – Moist grass savannah. Elevation 1000–1900 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – VU (Vulnerable). The number of locations is less than 10 in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Mambila Plateau, Gembu, 7º00′N, 11º10′E, 5 Jul. 1958, J.W.F. Chapman 5 (K, P[P00365278 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365278, web]); 3.5 miles N of Gembu, Mambilla plateau, 6º42′N, 11º16′E, 21 Jun. 1972, J.D. Chapman 2910 (WAG[WAG.1136115, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136115]). Cameroon: Buea, 6º00′N, 15º35′E, May 1914, J. Mildbraed 9480 (K); ±5 km N of Obala, 11 Jun. 1964, W.J. de Wilde et al. 2650 (K, P[P00365288 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365288, web, WAG[WAG.1136137, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136137, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/ WAG.1136138, specimen/WAG.1136138]); Mbéré à Meiganga, Jun. 1939, H. Jacques-Félix 4002 (K, P[P00365293, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365293, web]); Mankim, 70 km SSW Yoko, 23 Apr. 1963, J. & A. Raynal 10995 (P[P00365289, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365289, web]); près Gamti, 25 km NNO Banyo, 14 Jun. 1967, R. Letouzey 8639 (P[P00365290, http://coldb.mnhn. fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365290, web]); Yamba, Nanga Eboko, 25 May 1959, R. Letouzey 2149 (P[P00365292, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365292, web]); Mango, 7 km S Poli, 24 Jul. 1974, G. Fotius 2154 (P[P00365296, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00365296, web]). Republic of the Congo: Brazzaville, vallée du Congo, 9 Dec. 1957, H.C.D. de Wit s.n. (WAG[WAG.1136139, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136139]). 18. Eulophia leonensis Rolfe (Rolfe 1897: 51). Type – Sierra Leone: Bafodeya, Apr. 1892, G.F. Scott Elliot 5536 (lectotype: K[K000078468, http://specimens.kew. org/herbarium/K000078468, designated here; isolectotype: BM[BM000529220, https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/ collection-specimens/resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b6574ccb55ab2feb/record/4649031, web]). Distribution – West and Central Tropical Africa, extending to the east of Uganda. Nigeria (fig. 6C). Habitat and ecology – Open woodland. Elevation 1100– 1400 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – EN (Endangered). Although this taxon is widely distributed in Africa, it is only known from less than 5 locations in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Plateau Prov., Rukuba, D.E.S. King 73 (K; Zaria Prov., Forest Reserve, Mando, J.A. Cole s.n. (K); Gimi River Forest Reserve, Jos– Jemaa road, 12 Apr. 1958, R.W.J. Keay & E.W. Jones s.n. (FHI[FHI0037619-0, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/ al.ap.specimen.fhi0037619-0, web]). Note – The specimen deposited at K consists of a scape with 20 flowers, a group of detached flowers, and measurements and drawings made by V.S. Summerhayes of floral structures, which unequivocally belong to this species. We choose this specimen as lectotype. 421 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 19. Eulophia orthoplectra (Rchb.f.) Summerh. (Summerhayes 1939: 499) – Lissochilus orthoplectrus Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1878: 63). Type – Sudan: Niamniam, G. Schweinfurth 3270 (holotype: W, n.v.) Distribution – Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria and Cameroon (fig. 6E). Habitat and ecology – Moist grassland and savannah. Elevation 1500–1800 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – VU (Vulnerable). The number of locations is less than 10 in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Vom, J. Dent Young s.n. (K); Mambila Plateau, Nguroje, 7º00′N, 11º10′E, 23 Jan. 1958, F.N. Hepper & J. Chapman 1755 (K, P[P00365126, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365126, web]); Ogoja Prov., NE of Koloishe, 22 Dec. 1948, R.W.J. Keay & H. Savory s.n. (FHI[FHI0025120-0, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0025120-0, web]). Cameroon: Bamenda, Jua, Apr. 1931, T.D. Maitland 1778 http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ (K[K000106951, K000106951]); road from Bétaré Oya, 20 km to the North, beyond the Lom river and N. of Monay, 28 Feb. 1961, F.J. Breteler s.n. (WAG[WAG.1136239, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136239]); Amdo, lac Mbalan, 17 km E Ngaoundéré, 30 Jan. 1965, J. & A. Raynal 13321 (P[P00365137, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00365137, web]); au SW de Dang Haoussa (Deng Ndeng), 18 Feb. 1961, R. Letouzey 3496 (P[P00365139, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365139, web]); Poli, massif du Vokré, Hoséré Kogo, 13 km S Poli, 18 Jan. 1965, J. & A. Raynal 13093 (P[P00365138, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365138, web]). 20. Eulophia parilamellata Butzin (Butzin 1975: 589) – Lissochilus congoensis Rolfe (Rolfe 1897: 88). Type – Congo: long way in the interior, J. Dybowski s.n. (holotype: K[K000410347, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000410347]). Distribution – Endemic of Republic of the Congo. Known from the type collection only. Habitat and ecology – Ecology unknown. IUCN conservation status – DD (Data deficient). Population trend, habitat, and ecology unknown (Contu 2013). The only location is unclear; there are no recent collections, so it is uncertain if the species is still extant (IUCN 2019). Future research is necessary to establish a high threat category. Notes – The type material was supposedly collected in the Republic of the Congo by Jean Dybowski, who was sent to “French Congo” in 1891. No date or ecology are mentioned on the label. Only known from the type material which includes original drawings and measurements by P. Cribb. 21. Eulophia penduliflora Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin in Engler 1901: 288). Type – Tanzania: Unyika, Mbozi–Hügel, 28 Oct. 1899, W. Goetze 1383 (holotype: B†; lectotype: K[K000410381, 422 http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000410381, web, designated here). Distribution – Widespread in tropical Africa. Nigeria (fig. 6A), Cameroon (?). Habitat and ecology – Open woodland. Elevation 400–600 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – EN (Endangered). Although this taxon is widely distributed in Africa, it is only known from 2 locations in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Kan Gimi, 11 May 1948, R.W.J. Keay s.n. (FHI[FHI0022950-0, https://plants. jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fhi0022950-0, web]); Anara Forest Reserve, Kaduna State, 1966, s. col. s.n. (FHI[FHI0112086, n.v.]). Notes – There is a distribution record for Cameroon in Govaerts et al. (2019), but we have neither seen a specimen nor a bibliographic reference that confirms its presence in this country. During World War II the holotype material deposited at the herbarium B was destroyed. A photograph and drawings of the labellum and petal of this specimen from B are on the sheet K000410381, with remains of three flowers, measurements and drawings made by V.S. Summerhayes, which unequivocally belong to this species. We therefore choose the specimen deposited at K as lectotype. 22. Eulophia pyrophila (Rchb.f.) Summerh. (Summerhayes 1948: 132) – Lissochilus pyrophilus Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1878: 65). Type – Sudan: bei Kuraggera, im Lande der Mittu, G. Schweinfurth 2795 (holotype: W, n.v.; isotypes: B†, K[K000078479, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000078479, K000078480, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000078480, web], P[P00365061, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365061, web]). Eulophia ledermannii Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1912: 394). Type – Cameroon: Bakari, C. Ledermann 2511 (holotype: B†; lectotype: K[000078471, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000078471, web]). Distribution – Tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon, and Republic of the Congo (fig. 6F). Habitat and ecology – Riparian vegetation. Elevation 300– 600 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – EN (Endangered). Although this taxon is widely distributed in Africa, it is only known from less than 5 locations in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Kaciya to Zonkwa, 6 Mar. 1958, G.V. Summerhayes 142 (K). Republic of the Congo: forêt de Ngabé, 12 Aug. 1971, L. Makany 1889 (P[P00538794, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00538794, web]); Pays Bakongo, Mbamou à Gompaka, Aug. 1912, A.J.B. Chevalier 27699 (P[P00538793, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00538793, web]). Notes – Within the study area, the specimen collected by G.V. Summerhayes in Nigeria was cited as E. parvula (Rendle) Summerh. (Summerhayes 1968). Szlachetko & Olszew- Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa ski (2001) did not find this taxon in Cameroon. However, Govaerts et al. (2019) recorded it in Nigeria, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo. After analysis of the specimens, original descriptions and different diagnoses (Summerhayes 1968; Cribb 1989; Geerinck 1992; Szlachetko 2008), we consider E. parvula as a synonym of E. pyrophila. Based on the length of the spur (1 mm in E. parvula vs. 1.5–2.5 mm in E. pyrophila) and the petals (5–5.5 mm in E. parvula vs. 5.8–8 mm in E. pyrophila), both species were recognised as distinct by Cribb (1989). However, an examination of specimens showed that the length of the spur and petals overlaps: spur 1–2 mm in E. parvula vs. 1.5–3 mm in E. pyrophila; petals 3.5–6.5 mm in E. parvula vs. 4.5–8 mm in E. pyrophila). In the original material of Lissochilus pyrophilus, the length of the spur is 1 mm, which falls within the variability of E. parvula. 23. Eulophia ramifera Summerh. (Summerhayes 1958: 80) – Eulophia elliottii Rolfe (Rolfe 1897: 54), nom. illeg. Type – Sierra Leone: above Falaba, 15 Mar. 1890, G.E. Scott-Elliot 5116 (holotype: K[K000078652, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000078652, web]). Distribution – Only known from Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. Nigeria (fig. 6E). Habitat and ecology – Ecology unknown. Elevation 1100– 1300 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – CR (Critically Endangered). It is only known from one location in the area of study. Future searches for this species are required throughout its distribution range. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Plateau Prov., Jos, D.E.S. King 108 (K). 24. Eulophia stachyodes Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1878: 66) – Graphorkis stachyodes (Rchb.f.) Kuntze (Kuntze 1891: 662). Type – Sudan: nördl. von Mombuttu, im Lande der Niamniam, 20 Apr. 1870, G. Schweinfurth 3554 (holotype: W, n.v.; isotype: K[K000078594, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000078594, web]). Eulophia lambii Rolfe (Rolfe 1914: 212). Type – Nigeria: Bauchi Plateau, Jun. 1913, P.H. Lamb s.n. (holotype: K[K000078593, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000078593, web]). Distribution – Tropical and subtropical Africa. Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon (fig. 6F). Habitat and ecology – Grassy savannah and rocky places in open woodland. Elevation 400–1000 m. Preliminary IUCN conservation status – VU (Vulnerable). The number of locations is less than 10 in the area of study. Other collections examined – Nigeria: Kassa, Jun. 1958, D.E.S. King 119 (K). Cameroon: Yaoundé, 3 km NW Mont Fébé, 11 May 1961, F.J. Breteler 1335 (WAG[WAG.1136328, https://data. biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136328]); près Boden (40 km NNW de Batouri), 12 Apr. 1962, R. Letouzey 4729 (P[P00365018, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalog- number/mnhn/p/p00365018, web], WAG[WAG.1136332, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/ WAG.1136332]); Bamenda, Basenako, 6º19′N, 10º29′E, Jun. 1931, T.D. Maitland 1507 (K[K000106930, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000106930]); Bamenda, Bum– Nchan area, 1931, T.D. Maitland 1753 (P[P00365630, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365630, web]). Gabon: ca. 24 km SE of Medouneu, 0º51′N, 10º56′E, 5 Feb. 1986, J.M. Reitsma et al. 1881 (WAG[WAG.1136329, https:// data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/WAG.1136329, web]). Notes – Szlachetko & Olszewski (2001: 650) recorded E. elegans Schltr. in Cameroon, based on the sheet P00365660, collected by T.D. Maitland 1753. After studying this specimen, we consider it belongs to E. stachyodes, so without further evidence, we consider E. elegans to be restricted to Tanzania and Malawi. DOUBTFUL SPECIES Eulophia sordida Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1902: 67). Type – Togo: Lome Gebiet, O. Warnecke 95 (syntypes: B†; BM[BM000529442, https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/ collection-specimens/resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b6574ccb55ab2feb/record/4649236, web]; HBG[501714, http:// www.herbariumhamburgense.de/herbarsheets/disk_batch01/ medium/HBG-501714.jpg, web]; P[P00365056, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00365056, web]). Notes – Summerhayes (1953) recognised this taxon as distinct to E. pyrophila and only known from Ghana and Togo. Later, Summerhayes (1968) extended its distribution to Nigeria. Cribb (1989) considered E. sordida as synonym of E. pyrophila. Govaerts et al. (2019) recognize the species, indicating the distribution for Nigeria, Cameroon, and Republic of the Congo. According to the original description (Kraenzlin 1902) and the drawings depicted by Szlachetko & Olszewski (2001), the ornamentation of the lip consists of three decreasing ridges, which acquire a more papillose appearance (pearl-like) on the midlobe. We have not observed any specimens with the characteristics mentioned above for E. sordida in the study area. EXCLUDED SPECIES Eulophia calantha Schltr. (Schlechter 1903: 215). Notes – This taxon was cited for Gabon in Szlachetko et al. (2004), who mentioned two sheets: F.J. Breteler & J.J. de Wilde 603 and F.J. Breteler et al. 9451, deposited in WAG. However, this record is erroneous as these specimens were identified as Aerangis calantha (Schltr.) Schltr. 423 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 The following taxa occur in the study area, but have been transferred to the genus Orthochilus by Martos et al. (2014). Eulophia adenoglossa (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1878: 66) = Orthochilus adenoglossus (Lindl.) Bytebier (Martos et al. 2014: 18). Eulophia mechowii (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz (Durand & Schinz 1894: 23) = Orthochilus mechowii Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1882: 532). Eulophia zeyheri Hook.f. (Hooker 1893: t. 7330). Eulophia milnei Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1881: 116) = Orthochilus milnei (Rchb.f.) Bytebier (Martos et al. 2014: 19) Eulophia warneckeana Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1902: 67). Eulophia poiformis Szlach. (Szlachetko 1993: 463). Eulophia thollonii Szlach. & Olszewski (Szlachetko & Olszewski 2001: 652). Eulophia odontoglossa Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1846: 373) = Orthochilus odontoglossus (Rchb.f.) Bytebier (Martos et al. 2014: 19). Eulophia shupangae (Rchb.f.) Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1895: 157). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the curators of the herbaria K, MA and WAG, who sent us material on loan. To Norbert Holstein, curator of the herbarium BM, for the search of type material. To Juan Carlos Moreno for his comments about conservation status. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. Benny Bytebier and an anonymous reviewer who provided a thoughtful and helpful review of the manuscript. REFERENCES Bateman J. (1865) Tab. 5486. Lissochilus horsfallii. Botanical Magazine 91: t. 5486. Bateman J. (1866) Tab. 5561. Eulophia euglossa. Botanical Magazine 92: t. 5561. Beentje H. (2016) The Kew Plant Glossary. An illustrated dictionary of plant terms. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens Bolus H. (1898) Contributions to South-African Botany – Part IV (with a revised list of published species of Extra-tropical SouthAfrican orchids). Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 25: 156–210. Bone R.E., Cribb P.J., Buerki S. (2015) Phylogenetics of Eulophiinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): evolutionary patterns and implications for generic delimitation. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12299 BR Herbarium (2018) Meise Botanic Garden. The BR Herbarium Catalogue. Available at https://botanicalcollections.be [accessed 12 Sept. 2018]. Butzin F. (1975) Neue Namen und neue Kombinationen in der Orchideengattung Eulophia. Willdenowia 7: 587–590. Chase M.W., Cameron K.M., Freudenstein J.V., Pridgeon A.M., Salazar G., Van den Berg C., Schuiteman A. (2015) An updated 424 classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 177: 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12234 Cieslicka D. (2006) The problems of infrageneric classification of Eulophia R.Br. ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae, Cymbidiinae). Biodiversity Research and Conservation 3–4: 210–212. Contu S. (2013) Eulophia parilamellata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T44392840A44450854. htps://doi. org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T44392840A44450854. en Cribb P.J. (1989) Orchidaceae (part 3). In: Polhill R.M. (ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema. Dressler R.L. (1993) Phylogeny and classification of the Orchid family. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Durand T., Schinz H. (1894) Conspectus Florae Africae. Vol. V (Monocotyledoneae et Gymnospermeae). Bruxelles, Jardin Botanique de l’État. Engler A. (1901) Beiträge zur Flora von Afrika. XXII. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 30: 239–445. Fawcett W., Rendle A.B. (1910) Flora of Jamaica containing descriptions of the flowering plants known from the island. Vol. I. Orchidaceae. London, Trustees of the British Museum. Galán P., Gamarra R., Ortúñez E., Velayos M., Cabezas F. (2018) Orchidaceae. In: Velayos M., Cabezas F., Galán P., Gamarra R., Ortúñez E., Fero M. (eds) Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial. Vol. X. Lilianae – Dioscoreanae: 12–122, 200–448. Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Gamarra R., Galán Cela P., Ortúñez E. (2019) Orchidaceae in Equatorial Guinea (West Tropical Africa): nomenclatural and taxonomic notes, new records and critical taxa. Kew Bulletin 74: 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-018-9787-9 Geerinck D. (1992) Flore d’Afrique centrale. Orchidaceae (seconde partie). Meise, Jardin Botanique national de Belgique. Govaerts R., Bernet P., Kratochvil K., Gerlach G., Carr G., Alrich P., Pridgeon A.M., Pfahl J., Campacci M.A., Holland Baptista D., Tigges H., Shaw J., Cribb P., George A., Kreuz K., Wood J. (2019) World Checklist of Orchidaceae. Available at http:// wcsp.science.kew.org/ [accessed 10 Feb. 2019]. Hall A.V. (1965) Studies of the South African species of Eulophia. Journal of South African Botany, Supplement 5: 1–248. Herbarium Hamburgense (2018) Database Phanerogams. Available at http://www.herbariumhamburgense.de/Data_Spermatophyta/ index.php [accessed 20 Nov. 2018]. Hooker J.D. (1893) Tab. 7330. Eulophia zeyheri. Botanical Magazine 119: t. 7330. IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. IUCN (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available at http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [accessed 18 Sep. 2019]. JSTOR (2018) Global Plants on JSTOR. Available at https://plants. jstor.org [accessed 10 Sept. 2018]. Kraenzlin F. (1893) Orchidaceae africanae. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 17: 48–68. Kraenzlin F. (1894) Orchidaceae africanae. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 19: 244–255. Ortúñez et al., Revision of Eulophia in Atlantic Central Africa Kraenzlin F. (1895) Orchidaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete. Theil C: 151–159. Berlin, Geographische Verlagshandlung Dietrich Reimer. Kraenzlin F. (1898) Orchidaceae africanae. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 24: 503–509. Kraenzlin F. (1900) Orchidaceae africanae. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 28: 162–179. Kraenzlin F. (1902) Orchidaceae africanae. VII. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 33: 53–75. Kraenzlin F. (1912) Orchidaceae africanae. XI. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 48: 385–401. Kuntze O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum. Pars II. Leipzig, Arthur Felix. La Croix I.F., Cribb P.J. (1998) Orchidaceae (part 2). In: Pope G.V. (ed.) Flora Zambesiaca vol. 11(2). London, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Lebrun J.-P., Stork A.L. (2015) Tropical African flowering plants. Ecology and distribution. Vol. 9 – Orchidaceae Part One (Genera A – G). Genève, Éditions des Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques. Lindley J. (1823a) 686. Eulophia guineensis. Botanical Register 8: t. 686. Lindley J. (1823b) 742. Eulophia gracilis. Botanical Register 9: t. 742. Lindley J. (1833) The genera and species of orchideous plants. Part III. Vandeae. London, J. Hunneman. Lindley J. (1862) West African Tropical Orchids. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnaean Society, Botany 6: 123–140. Linnaeus C. (1767) Systema Naturae. 2. 12th Ed. Stockholm, Laurentius Salvius. Map Maker Limited (2019) Map Maker Pro v.3.5. Argyll, Map Maker Limited. Available at https://mapmaker.com [accessed 5 Jun. 2020]. Martos F., Johnson S.D., Peter C.I., Bytebier B. (2014) A molecular phylogeny reveals paraphyly of the large genus Eulophia (Orchidaceae): a case for the reinstatement of Orthochilus. Taxon 63: 9–23. https://doi.org/10.12705/631.6 MNHN (2018) Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Vascular plants. Available at https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/ collection/p/item/search/form?lang=en_US [accessed 17 Jul. 2018] Natural History Museum (2018) Botanical collections. Available at https://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/scientific-resources/ collections/botanical-collections/index.html [accessed 23 Nov. 2018]. Pérez Vera F. (2003) Les Orchidées de Côte d’Ivoire. Mèze, Biotope éditions. Pridgeon A.M., Cribb P.J., Chase M.W., Rasmussen F. (2009) Genera Orchidacearum. Epidendroideae (part 2). Oxford, Oxford University Press. Raynal J. (1966) Sur deux types méconnus de l’herbier de Caen. Revue des Sociétés Savantes de Haute-Normandie 39: 45–48. Reichenbach H.G. (1846) Orchidiographische Beiträge. Linnaea 19: 369–379. Reichenbach H.G. (1852) Gartenorchideen. Botanische Zeitung 10: 927–937. Reichenbach H.G. (1865) Dr. Welwitsch’s Orchideen aus Angola. Flora 48: 177–191. Reichenbach H.G. (1877) Orchideae Roezlianae novae seu criticae. Linnaea 41: 1–98. Reichenbach H.G. (1878) Otia botanica Hamburgensia. Hamburg, T.T. Meissner. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.399 Reichenbach H.G. (1881) Otia botanica Hamburgensia 2. Hamburg, T.T. Meissner. Reichenbach H.G. (1882) Orchideae describuntur. Flora 65: 531– 535. Rolfe R.A. (1897) Orchideae. In: Oliver D., Thiselton W.T., Hill D., William A. (eds) Flora of Tropical Africa. Vol. VII. Hydrocharideae to Liliaceae: 12–292. London, Lovell Reeve & Co. Rolfe R.A. (1914) New orchids: Decade 42. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Kew 1914: 210–214. https://doi. org/10.2307/4119503 Schlechter R. (1900) Westafrikanische Kautschuk–Expedition. Berlin, Verlag des Kolonial-Wirtschaftlichen Komitees. Schlechter R. (1903) Orchidaceae. In: Warburg O. (ed.) Kunene— Sambesi-Expedition: 203–218. Berlin, Verlag des KolonialWirtschaftlichen Komitees. Segerbäck L.B. (1983) Orchids of Nigeria. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema. Steudel E.T. (1840) Nomenclator Botanicus seu Synonymia Plantarum Universalis. Pars I. Lit. A–K. 2nd Ed. Stuttgart, J.G. Cottae. Summerhayes V.S. (1936a) African Orchids: VIII. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Kew 1936: 221–233. https://doi. org/10.2307/4115064 Summerhayes V.S. (1936b) Orchidaceae. In: Hutchinson J., Dalziel J.M. (eds) Flora of West Tropical Africa 2: 400–463. London, The Crown Agents for the Colonies. Summerhayes V.S. (1939) African Orchids: XI. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Kew 1939: 489–500. https://doi. org/10.2307/4113454 Summerhayes V.S. (1948) African Orchids: XVII. Kew Bulletin 2: 123–133. https://doi.org/10.2307/4109211 Summerhayes V.S. (1953) African Orchids: XXI. Kew Bulletin 8: 129–162. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117167 Summerhayes V.S. (1958) African Orchids: XXV. Kew Bulletin 13: 57–87. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117623 Summerhayes V.S. (1968) Eulophia. In: Hutchinson J., Dalziel J.M., Hepper F.N. (eds) Flora of West Tropical Africa 3(1): 243–250. London, Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations. Swartz O. (1805) Genera et Species Orchidearum systematice coordinatarum. Neues Journal für die Botanik 1: 1–108. Szlachetko D.L. (1993) Orchidaceae Lisowskianae 1. Two new species of Eulophia from Zaire. Fragmenta Floristica Geobotanica 38(2): 461–464. Szlachetko D.L. (2008) Orchidaceae of Ivory Coast. Ruizia 20: 1–396. Szlachetko D.L., Olszewski T.S. (2001) Flore du Cameroun 35. Orchidacées (vol. 2). Yaoundé, Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique. Szlachetko D.L., Sawicka M., Kras-Łapinska M. (2004) Flore du Gabon 37. Orchidaceae II. Paris, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Thiers B. (2019) Index Herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Vir- 425 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 153 (3), 2020 tual Herbarium. Available at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ ih/ [accessed 20 Dec. 2018]. Thomas S.A. (1998) A preliminary checklist of the genus Eulophia. Lindleyana 13(3): 170–202. 426 Communicating Editor: Tariq Stévart. Submission date: 21 Mar. 2019 Acceptance date: 5 Jun. 2020 Publication date: 23 Nov. 2020