Botânica / Botany Rev. Biol. Neotrop. 9(1): 1-3. 2012 A new species of so RinoRea Aubl. (ViolAceAe) from mAto Gros- stAte, brAzil nildA mArquete ferreirA dA silVA Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, R. Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. nmarquete@jbrj.gov.br erikA Von s. medeiros Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, R. Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. emedeiro@jbrj.gov.br resumo: (UMA NOVA ESPÉCIE DE RINOREA AUBL. (VIOLACEAE) DO BRASIL). Uma nova espécie de Rinorea Aubl., Rinorea machadoi Marquete & Medeiros do estado do Mato Graosso, Brasil é descrita e ilustrada. Ela pertence à Rinorea subgrupo ovalifolia Hekking e taxonomicamente é mais afim à Rinorea ovalifolia (Britton) Blacke. Uma chave taxonomica para distinguir as espécie do subgrupo ovalifolia é apresentada. pAlAVrAs-chAVe: Violaceae, Rinorea machadoi, espécie nova, Brasil, taxonomia. AbstrAct: (A NEW SPECIES OF RINOREA AUBL. (VIOLACEAE) FROM MATO GROSSO STATE, BRAZIL). A new species of Rinorea Aubl., Rinorea machadoi Marquete & Medeiros from Mato Grosso state, Brazil is described and illustrated. It belongs to Rinorea subgroup ovalifolia Hekking and taxonomically its closest relative is Rinorea ovalifolia (Britton) Blake. A taxonomic key to distinguish these taxa of subgrup ovalifolia is included. keywords: Violaceae, Rinorea machadoi, new species, Brazil, taxonomy. introduction mAteriAls Rinorea Aubl. (Violaceae) is a pantotropical genus distributed in Tropical America, Africa including Madagascar, India-SE Asia and Australia-Pacific area, with ca. 160 species (Hekking 1988), occurring in the tropical forests, savannas and seasonal forest. This author presents the monograph of Rinorea and Rinoreocarpus in the Flora Neotrópica with 48 species. In Brazil this genus is represented by 26 species (Souza 2010). Revising the collection of types of the herbarium RB, a new species of Rinorea was recognized described and illustrated. The species was described and illustrated for the holotype and paratypes and it was chosen the material type by the presence of flowers (two flowers and one buds) in the specimen O. Machado 398 (RB), because in the flowers are the main characters diagnoses. In the analyzes of the species of Rinorea deflexa (Benth.) Blake and R. pectino-squamata Hekking, it was used the description of Hekking (1988) and photos of the types. And methods 1 and with apex reflexed, glabrous; stamens with connective scales,1.8-2 x 0.6 mm, lanceolate, brownish, with margin irregularly crenate at base and crenulate towards the apex; filaments 0.1 x 0.2 mm short; anthers 0.8-1.1 x 0.2-0.3 mm, triangular-lanceolate or lanceolate; ovary 0.8 x 0.8 mm, globose, hispidulous, style ca. 1.8 mm, erect, glabrous; stigma truncate. Capsule with valves 17-18 x 4-5 mm, brownish (dryed), hispidulous, reticulate; peduncle fruit ca. 1 mm; seed 5-6 x 4.5-5 mm, broadly obovate, glabrous. Paratype: Brasil.Mato Grosso: Barra do Tapirapé (“Itapirapé”), Bosque, 28.IX.1945 (fr), O. Machado 351 (RB); Arapuaré, Fazenda Luiz Alves, 26.X.1945 (fr), O. Machado 425 (RB). Rinorea machadoi is distinguished from the others of subgroup ovalifolia by the key below: 2 Figura 1 - Rinorea machadoi: A. Branch with fruit. B. flower. C. detail of the serrate margin of the leaf. D. stamens. E. ovary, style and stigma. F. capsule. G. seed. (A,C,F,G – O. Machado 351; B,D,E – O. Machado 398). Type: Brasil. Mato Grosso: Barra de Tapirapé (“Itapirapé”), bosque, 11.X.1945 (fl), O. Machado 398. (Holotype, RB). results And discussion Rinorea machadoi Marquete & Medeiros, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Species nova a Rinorea ovalifolia (Britton) Blake foliis apice longe acuminato vel caudato, marginibus fortiter serratis, staminibus squama connectivi margine crenata ad basim et crenulata apicem versus, ovario hispidulo et stylo glabro differt. Tree; branchlets hispidulous. Leaves opposite; petioles 2-5.5 mm, hispidulous; stipules deciduous triangular-linear, 1.5-3 x 0.5-0.6 mm; blades 7-10.1 x 4.6-5.4 cm, ovate, elliptical, papery or membranous, apically elongate acuminate or caudate, margin strongly serrate, basally obtuse or rounded, glabrous on both sides, hispidulous only at margin and nerves; midnerves and lateral nerves adaxially conspicuous and abaxially proeminent; venation tertiary conspicuous on both side. Inflorescences terminal racemose, hispidulous; pedicels ca. 1 mm long; bractlets 1-1.2 mm long, triangular. Sepals 1.51.7 x 1-1.3 mm, triangular, glabrous, margin ciliolate, apex obtuse; petals 2.4-2.5 x 1.2 mm, narrowly elliptical to elliptical, laterally folded 1. Branchlets hispidulous and sparsely hispidulous, leaves hispidulous or pilosulous, in margin hispidulous or ciliolate, stamens with connective scales 5-8 or more longer times than the filaments. Plants of Brasil, Bolívia and Venezuela. 2. Leaves with apex acuminate, margin subserrate, serrate or rarely subentire, stamens with connective scales with margin intire, ovary pilosulous and style vilosulous near the base...... ..........................................R. ovalifolia 2. Leaves with apex elongate acuminate or caudate, margin strongly serrate, stamens with connective scales with margin irregularly crenate at base and crenulate towards the apex, ovary hispidulous and style glabrous.................. ..................................................R. machadoi 1. Branchlets strigose to glabrescent, leaves strigose when young, glabescent when older, in margin glabrous or subglabrous, stamens with connective scales up to 3 longer times than the filaments. Plants of Equador and Guiana Francesa. 3. Flowers with petals narrow-elliptic to ovate, ciliate in margin, stamens with connective scales narrow deltoid, with margin erose at base and apex suberose. Plant of Ecuador.................. ......................................................R. deflexa 3. Flowers with petals ovate, sparsely ciliate in margin, stamens with connective scales ovate, with margin pectinate at base and apex erose. Plant of French Guiana.......................... .......................................R. pectino-squamata Rinorea machadoi belongs to the subgroup ovalifolia (Hekking, 1988), for the symmetrical base of the leaf, venation tertiary reticulate; inflorescence racemose; flowers and fruits pedicellate; ovary globose¸ different form of the style and hairy. These subgroups of Hekking don't have hierarchical value in agreement with ICBN (McNeill et al., 2006), but they help in the understanding of the different species of the genus. The described species is more narrowly related with R. ovalifolia (Britton) Blake, differing of this for the leaves of apex acuminate or cauda- te (vs. acuminate), margin strongly serrate (vs. subserrate, serrate or rarely subentire), conective scales with margin irregularly crenate at base and crenulate towards the apex, (vs. entire), ovary hispidulous (vs. pilosulous) and glabrous style (vs. pilosulous near the base). Rinorea machadoi is restricted of Barra of Tapirapé and Araguaia regions, from state Mato Grosso, while to R. ovalifolia it is distributed thoroughly in Bolivia, Venezuela and Brazil, in the states of Amazonas, Acre, Roraima, Rondônia, Maranhão, Tocantins, occurring in savanna and gallery forest or seasonal forest (Souza & Souza 2003). It is found with flower and fruit in October and in fructification in September. This species was published by Othon Machado (1954) as Rinorea catuloana nomen nudum, in the literature of Conselho National de Proteção aos Índios, when he elaborated a study on the plants of central Brazil. In agreement with ICBN (Neil et al, 2006) Recommendation 23 A (i) and Recommendation 34 A, this epithet was not adopted. The epithet adopted is a homage Othon Machado, researcher of the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro and teacher of University of Medicine and Drugstore (UFRJ) in the decade of 40. references Hekking,W.A.1988. Violaceae part 1-Rinorea and Rinoreocarpus. Flora Neotropica, monografia 46, The New York Botanical Garden, 207 p. Machado, O.X. de B. 1954. Botânica.Plantas do Brasil Central. Conselho Nacional de Proteção aos Índios. Publ. 103, anexo 5, Ministério da Agricultura :34, est. 47 e 48. MacNeill, J., F. R. Barrie, H. M. Burdet, V. Demoulin, D. L. Hawksworth, K. Marhold, D. H. Nicolson, J. Prado, P. C. Silva, J. E. Skog, J. H. Wiersema & N. J.Turland, (eds). 2006. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Regnum Veg. 146. Souza. J. P. & V. C. Souza 2003. Violaceae: Flora dos estados de Goiás e Tocantins (coord. J. A. Rizzo), Goiânia, Ed. UFG. Vol. 31, 41 p. il. Souza, J.P. 2010. Violaceae in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. (http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov. br/2010/FBO15241) AcknowledGements The authors is grateful to the Aline Souza Lima for the illustrations, Patricia Fabiane Marquete Capaz for revision of the english text and Tarcício Filgeiras do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) for version in latin. 3 Data do recebimento 13/XII/2010 Data do aceite 17/VIII/2011