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The indumentum of Piriqueta and Turnera is made up of nine different types of trichomes, which broadly can be divided into glandular and non-glandular. Taking into account foot shape, head size and pedicle size, five variants of glandular trichomes are recognized: microcrapitate, stipitate-capitate, sessile-capitate and setiform. The non-glandular trichomes can be simple (unicellular or pluricellular-uniseriate), stellate or porrect-stellate. The setiform glandular hairs are present in most species of Piriqueta. Simple unicellular hairs are the most widespread type, frequently being found in combination with other trichomes. Stellate trichomes show a restricted distribution in both genera. Within Piriqueta, section Africana has only simple trichomes, whereas section Piriqueta has also porrect-stellate trichomes; groups of species can be set up according to the presence and type of glandular trichomes. Within Turnera the stipitate-capitate trichomes are exclusive to series Papilliferae; sessile-capitate trichomes are found in series Microphyllae, Annulares and in some species of Salicifoliae; clavate trichomes are found only in series Turnera; setiform glandular hairs are exclusive to T. collotricha, whereas the microcapitate trichomes are widely distributed. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 144, 85–97.
The anatomy of colleters was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy in 25 species of Turnera and nine species of Piriqueta. Based on morphology, four categories of colleters were recognized: standard, sessile, lachrymiform and trochleariform, all of which differ in shape and length/width ratio. They all have a similar anatomy: they consist of an axis of parenchymatous cells, sheathed by a palisade epidermis. The standard type is the most widespread in the studied taxa; the lachrymiform example was found in those species of Piriqueta with setiform glandular hairs; only one trochleariform example appeared in T: diffusa. The sessile type is considered to be a morphological transitional form between extrafloral nectaries and colleters. This is the first record of sessile, lachrymiform and trochleariform colleters. The anatomy of colleters is compared with other secretory structures such as glandular trichomes and extrafloral nectaries.
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