TAXON 60 (2) • April 2011: 595–596 well-established name is not necessary. However, should the Committee find that Z. integrifolia is superfluous, then we respectfully request Z. integrifolia be conserved with the conserved type long considered the holotype of the name. This name has long been in use for the expression found in Florida for which the name Z. floridana A. DC. (Prodr. 16(2): 544. 1868; lectotype: Fort Brooke, Hillsborough Co., Florida, sin. dat., Hulse s.n. (G-DC), designated by Eckenwalder, l.c.: 716) is available should Z. integrifolia be declared superfluous and the above proposal not accepted. To justify our proposal to retain Zamia integrifolia, should it require conservation, we maintain that this name is widely used today when members of the Z. pumila complex are subdivided into as many as six species (Fralish & Franklin, Taxon. Ecol. Woody Pl. N. Amer. Forests: 129. 2002; Janick & Paull, Encycl. Fruit Nuts: 921. 2008; Nelson & al., Handb. Poisonous Pl.: 301. 2007; Ogden & Ogden, Pl.-Driven Design: 135. 2008; Quattrocchi, CRC World Dict. Pl. Names: 2866. 1999; Singh, Gymnosperm: 346. 2006; Stevenson in Trop. Gard. Bull. 42(3): 23–27. 1987, in Encephalartos 9: 3–7. 1987, in J. Arnold Arbor., Suppl. Ser. 1: 367–383. 1991; Stevenson & al. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 57: 200–206. 1990, in Proc. Third Intern. Conf. Cycad Biol.: 55–64. 1995, in Donaldson, Cycads: 31–38. 2003; Wagstaff, Intern. Poisonous Pl. Checkl.: 441. 2008; Wiersema & Léon, World Econ. Pl.: 532. 1999; Whitelock, Cycads: 308. 2002). Gutermann & al. • (2005) Conserve Convallaria latifolia Furthermore, this is the name used by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for its Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species enforcement (CITES). Use of the name Z. floridana was common well into the 1950s, and is occasionally found in the more recent horticultural (Everett, Encycl. Hort.: 3579. 1982; Gardner & Brussolini, Elegant Silvers: 55. 2005; Harrison, Groundcovers South: 84. 2006; Odenwald & Turner, Ident. Select. S. Pl. Landscape Design: 172. 2006) and general botanical (e.g., Bhatnagar & Moitra, Gymnosperms: 99. 1996; Skukla & al., Biol. Pollen: 48. 1998; Jain & al., Somatic Embryogenesis Woody Pl. 4: 450. 1999; Singh, Gymnosperm: 340. 2006; Mauseth, Botany: 515. 2009) literature and, especially in the latter case, then nearly always in reference to anatomical or morphological work published in the first two decades of the Twentieth Century. Even if Zamia integrifolia is superfluous and our proposal not accepted, the correct name for the Florida plant may not be Z. floridana as maintained by Ward, but Z. media Jacq. (Pl. Hort. Schoenb. 3: 77, t. 397, 398. 1798), Z. tenuis Willd. (Sp. Pl. 4(2): 846. 1806) or Z. dentata Voigt (in Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 53. 1828; fide Osborne & al., World List Cycads: 224–239. 1999; see also Sass & al. in PLoS ONE 11: 1–10. 2007). Should conservation be necessary, preservation of the oldest and most commonly used name, Z. integrifolia, for this plant will thus provide the greatest nomenclatural stability. (2005) Proposal to conserve the name Convallaria latifolia Jacq. (Polygonatum latifolium) (Ruscaceae, Liliaceae s.l.) against C. latifolia Mill. Walter Gutermann,1 Fabio Conti, 2 Gergely Király, 3 Jan Kirschner,4 Karol Marhold, 5 Marjan Niketić,6 Toni Nikolić,7 Ana Petrova, 8 Kit Tan9 & †Tone Wraber10 1 Department of Biogeography, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2 SARRF of Environmental Sciences, University of Camerino, Floristic Research Center of the Apennine (National Park of Gran Sasso-Laga), S. Colombo, Barisciano (L’Aquila), Italy 3 Department of Botany, Faculty of Forestry, University of West Hungary, Bajscy-Zsilinszky u. 4, 9400 Sopron, Hungary 4 Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice 1, Czechia 5 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava 4, Slovakia 6 Natural History Museum, Department of Biology, Njegoševa 51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 7 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 8 Institute of Botany, BAS 23, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 9 Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2D, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark 10 Former Professor (deceased 6 July 2010), Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author for correspondence: Walter Gutermann, walter.gutermann@univie.ac.at (2005) Convallaria latifolia Jacq., Fl. Austriac. 3: 18, t. 232. 1775 [Monocot.: Lil.], nom. cons. prop. Lectotypus (hoc loco designatus): [icon in] Jacquin, Fl. Austriac. 3: t. 232. 1775. (H) Convallaria latifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Convallaria no. 2. 1768, nom. rej. prop. Typus: non designatus. Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq.) Desf. (in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 50. 1807) is the name in continuous use for about 200 years for the only (sub)endemic of the five European species of Polygonatum. It is distributed from SE Central Europe to Thrace, NW Anatolia, Ukraine, the Crimea, and SW Russia (cf. map in Meusel & al., Vergl. Chorol. Zentraleur. Fl. 1 (Kartenteil): 99. 1964). Almost all botanical information relating to floristics, chorology, ecology, etc. can be found under this name. It is commonly used in most countries where the species is known to occur, as exemplified by recent Floras or checklists, viz.: Marhold & Hindák, Checkl. Non-vasc. Vasc. Pl. Slovakia: 572. 1998; Ciocârlan, Fl. Il. României, ed. 2: 916. 2000; Nikolić in Nat. Croatica 9 (Suppl. 1): 158. 2000; Šilić, List Bot. Sp. Red Book Bosnia Herzegovina: 318. 2000; Hrouda & al., Klíč Květ. České Republ.: 745. 2002; Conti & al., Annot. Checkl. Ital. Vasc. Fl.: 145. 2005; Nikolić & al., Red Book Vasc. Fl. Croatia: 513. 2005; Assyov & Petrova, Consp. Bulg. Vasc. Fl., ed. 3: 302. 2006; Martinčič & al., Mala Fl. Slovenije: 730. 595 Newman & Lamxay • (2006) Conserve Amomum villosum 2007 (Slovenia); Fischer & al., Exkursionsfl. Österr., ed. 3: 1067. 2008 (Austria); Király, Magyar Füvészkönyv: 480. 2009 (Hungary). As the species is characteristic for certain forest types, the name is also used in contemporary phytosociology (e.g., Davies & Moss, EUNIS Habitat Classific.: 105. 1999; Sarić, Veg. Serbia: 2. 2000; Willner & Grabherr, Wälder Gebüsche Österreichs 1: 143. 2007; Jarolímek & al., Diagn. Sp. Higher Veg. Units Slovakia: 277, 319. 2008); in syntaxonomy it serves to designate communities like Polygonato latifolii-Carpinetum. Polygonatum latifolium was based on Convallaria latifolia, under which name Jacquin had thoroughly described the species which in Austria is restricted to the Pannonian district, being rather common in thermophilous hornbeam and oak forests and riverine woodland. Together with the description, an illustration was published in the notable Flora Austriaca ; this had obviously been prepared from living plants most probably collected in the vicinity of Vienna. No exact locality was specified in the protologue, and to our knowledge no original herbarium material is extant. The excellent hand-coloured engraving is material suitable and available for lectotypification. Although the characteristic leaf indumentum is not depicted on the plate, it is detailed in the description: “Folia … subtus ad nervulos minutissime & tantum ad lentem villosa”, and the identity of the plant is thus not in doubt. We are therefore proposing it as the type of the conserved name and consider it is unnecessary to designate a specimen as a conserved type. Polygonatum hirtum (Bosc ex Poir.) Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 234. 1813) was presented as the correct name under the Code by Mill (in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 53. 1983, adopted in Davis, Fl. Turkey 8: 83. 1984), at that time perfectly accurate since Convallaria latifolia Jacq. is a later homonym of C. latifolia Mill. (1768). The nomenclatural change was followed, however, in only a few Floras of the former U.S.S.R. (e.g., Czerepanov, Vasc. Pl. Russia: 190. 1995; Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk, Vasc. Pl. Ukraine: 19. 1999). The usage in these countries is not consistent as the name P. latifolium is still accepted by Tasenkevich (Fl. Carpathians: 455. 1998), Fedorov (Fl. Russia, Geltman’s English edition, 4: 376. 2001) and Šancer (Rast. Srednei Polosy Evrop. Rossii: 455. 2007). Authors may have been reluctant to accept P. hirtum because Mill reported that its basionym, Convallaria hirta Bosc ex Poir. (in Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 369. 1797), was described from plants sent to Paris from North America; however, he expressed the opinion that “this provenance is highly improbable”. In addition he stated that P. hirtum is “somewhat unsatisfactorily typified” (without pointing to any particular type material). Nevertheless, TAXON 60 (2) • April 2011: 596–598 the description provided by Poiret leaves us in no doubt as to its identity with P. latifolium. Moreover, this species is known to be an established introduction at some places in New England (Angelo & Boufford in Rhodora 102: 17, 74. 2000; Utech in Fl. N. America 26: 212. 2002; both as P. latifolium!), which may well date back to the late 18th century. We can thus conclude that although more than two decades have passed since P. hirtum was indicated as the correct name, there is still an overwhelming majority favouring the use of the “traditional” and familiar name P. latifolium. Evidently, it would be reasonable to continue this widespread usage. This proposal was sent for review to Robert R. Mill (E), who introduced P. hirtum, and in recommending it for publication he wrote “I do think the proposal is a very reasonable one and hope it is accepted.” In the meantime the unfamiliar name P. hirtum has appeared in the “World Checklist of Liliaceae” (Govaerts 2006, posted on internet at http://www.kew.org/wcsp/) where it is indicated as accepted name supported by Czerepanov (l.c.) and Davis (l.c.). In pursuance with this proceeding nearly all Floras covering the area of the species would have to abandon for purely nomenclatural reasons a name well established for two centuries. To avoid this disadvantageous change we have two possibilities to “save” the name Polygonatum latifolium: either to conserve this binomial against P. hirtum, or to conserve Convallaria latifolia Jacq. against the earlier homonym Convallaria latifolia Mill. making the former legitimate. We feel the second case is preferable. Miller’s binomial is universally regarded as a name for a luxuriant variant of C. majalis L., and subsequently a taxonomic synonym of it. The name has become obsolete in taxonomy and nearly so even in horticulture. We have not found any recent use of the epithet except in Ponert (in Feddes Repert. 86: 550. 1975) who had used it at the rank “convar.” to designate a group of cultivars (“Sorten”) within C. majalis. In any case, even after rejection against the conserved C. latifolia Jacq., Miller’s epithet can be used at any infraspecific rank (e.g., C. majalis subvar. latifolia Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Fl. Mitteleur. 1: 314. 1905, erroneously interpreted as a variety in Govaerts, l.c.). Under Art. 14 of the present Code, conservation is possible to avoid unnecessary and disadvantageous nomenclatural change. We strongly believe nomenclatural stability is best served by adopting the widely accepted name Polygonatum latifolium and hope that more authors will use it in their publications until the General Committee has made a decision concerning our proposal. (2006) Proposal to conserve the name Amomum villosum (Zingiberaceae) with a conserved type Mark F. Newman1 & Vichith Lamxay2,3 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, U.K. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, National University of Laos, Dong Dok, Vientiane, Lao PDR 3 Department of Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden Author for correspondence: Mark F. Newman, m.newman@rbge.ac.uk (2006) Amomum villosum Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 4. Sep 1790 [Monocot.: Zingiber.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: Lao PDR, Champasak Province, Pathoumphone District, Xepiane NPA, 14°47′13.1″ N 106°00′15.6″ E, 210 m 596 alt., 8 Jun 2010, V. Lamxay VL 2118 (E; isotypi: P, National University of Laos, Faculty of Science Herbarium), typ. cons. prop.