Annexure D

Annexure D : Biodiversity Elements of Significance

1. Wild relatives of cultivated plants

1	Acacia catechu
2	Amorphophallus sp
3	Artocarpus hirsutus
4	Bambusa arundinacea
5	Carissa carandas
6	Cinnamomum malabathrum
7	Cinnamomum verum
8	Citrus sp
9	Colocasia sp
10	Crotalaria prostrata
11	Crotalaria sp
12	Curcuma neilgherrensis
13	Curcuma sp
14	Dioscorea pentaphylla
15	Dioscorea sp
16	Dioscorea sp bl
17	Dioscorea sp si
18	Emblica officinalis
19	Garcinia gummi-gutta
20	Garcinia indica
21	Garcinia morella
22	Garcinia talbotii
23	Gymnacranthera canarica
24	Ipomoea pes-caprae
25	Ipomoea sp
26	Jasminum sp
27	Knema attenuata
28	Mangifera indica
29	Murraya koenigii
30	Musa sp w
31	Myristica dactyloides
32	Myristica fatua
33	Myristica malabarica
34	Pinanga dicksonii
35	Piper hookeri
36	Piper nigrum
37	Piper sp
38	Piper sp bl
39	Piper sp nl
40	Piper sp tssl
41	Sapindus laurifolius
42	Syzygium caryophyllatum
43	Syzygium cumini
44	Syzygium gardneri
45	Syzygium hemisphericum
46	Syzygium laetum
47	Vigna sp
48	Zingiber sp
49	Ziziphus rugosa
50	Zizyphus oenoplia

2. Threatened plant species

Sno.	Family	Species	Status	Scale	Source
1	Acanthaceae	Adhatoda beddomei	CR	G	FRLHT
2	Malvaceae	Abutilon ramosum Guillemin & Perrottet	I		WCMC
3	Passifloraceae	Adenia hondala	VU		FRLHT
4	Rutaceae	Aegle marmelos	VU		FRLHT
5	Orchidaceae	Aerides maculosum Lindley	?		WCMC
6	Orchidaceae	Aerides ringens (Lindley) Fischer	?		WCMC
7	Meliaceae	Aglaia canarensis Gamble	I		WCMC
8	Meliaceae	Aglaia talbotii Sund.	V		WCMC
9	Annonaceae	Alphonsea madaraspatana Beddome	?		WCMC
10	Zingiberaceae	Amomum microstephanum Baker	R		WCMC
11	Araceae	Amorphophallus commutatus	VU	G	FRLHT
12	Araceae	Amorphophallus hohenackeri Engl.	I		WCMC
13	Araceae	Amorphophallus mysorensis Barnes et Fischer	I		WCMC
14	Vitaceae	Ampelocissus araneosa	VU	G	FRLHT
15	Vitaceae	Ampelocissus indica	EN		FRLHT
16	Commelinaceae	Aneilema ochraceum Dalz.	I		WCMC
17	Aristolochiaceae	Apama siliquosa Lamk.	?		WCMC
18	Meliaceae	Aphanamixis polystachya	VU		FRLHT
19	Palmae	Arenga wightii Griff.	V		WCMC
20	Araceae	Arisaema barnesii C. Fischer	I		WCMC
21	Araceae	Arisaema murrayi Hook.f.	I		WCMC
22	Aristolochiaceae	Aristolochia tagala	VU		FRLHT
23	Gramineae	Arthraxon depressus Stapf ex C. Fischer	I		WCMC
24	Gramineae	Arthraxon meeboldii Stapf	I		WCMC
25	Moraceae	Artocarpus hirsutus	VU	G	FRLHT
26	Liliaceae	Asparagus asiaticus L.	I		WCMC
27	Malpighiaceae	Aspidopterys canarensis Dalz.	R		WCMC
28	Meliaceae	Azadirachta indica L.	?		WCMC
29	Euphorbiaceae	Baliospermum montanum	VU		FRLHT
30	Begoniaceae	Begonia canarana Miq.	E		WCMC
31	Lauraceae	Beilschmiedia bourdilloni Brandis	I		WCMC
32	Commelinaceae	Belosynapsis vivipara (Dalz.) Sprague & Fischer	V		WCMC
33	Gramineae	Bhidea burnsiana Bor	R		WCMC
34	Euphorbiaceae	Blachia reflexa Benth.	I		WCMC
35	Nyctaginaceae	Boerhavia crispa Heyne ex Hook.f.	I		WCMC
36	Zingiberaceae	Boesenbergia pulcherrima (Wallich) Kuntze	I		WCMC
37	Asclepiadaceae	Brachystelma ciliatum Arekal & Ramakrishna	?		WCMC
38	Asclepiadaceae	Brachystelma kolarensis Arekal & Ramakrishna	?		WCMC
39	Orchidaceae	Bulbophyllum elegantulum (Rolfe) J.J. Smith	V		WCMC
40	Orchidaceae	Bulbophyllum mysorense J.J. Smith	I		WCMC
41	Leguminosae	Cajanus sericus (Benth.) Maesen	I		WCMC
42	Palmae	Calamus brandisii Becc. ex Becc. & Hook.f.	I		WCMC
43	Palmae	Calamus dransfieldii Renuka	?		WCMC
44	Palmae	Calamus karnatakensis Renuka & Lakshmana	?		WCMC
45	Palmae	Calamus lacciferus Lakshmana & Renuka	?		WCMC
46	Palmae	Calamus lakshmanae Renuka	?		WCMC
47	Palmae	Calamus metzianus Schlecht	?		WCMC
48	Palmae	Calamus nagbettai R.R. Fernandez & Dey	I		WCMC
49	Palmae	Calamus prasinus Lakshmana & Renuka	?		WCMC
50	Palmae	Calamus stoloniferus Renuka	?		WCMC
51	Palmae	Calamus thwaitesii Becc.	I		WCMC
52	Palmae	Calamus thwaitesii Becc. canaranus Becc.	?		WCMC
53	Clusiaceae	Calophyllum apetalum	VU	G	FRLHT
54	Asclepiadaceae	Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br.	nt		WCMC
55	Combretaceae	Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Lam.	?		WCMC
56	Burseraceae	Canarium strictum	VU	G	FRLHT
57	Capparaceae	Capparis rheedii DC.	R		WCMC
58	Capparaceae	Capparis rotundifolia Rottler	I		WCMC
59	Rhizophoraceae	Cassipourea ceylanica (Gardn) Alston	?		WCMC
60	Vitaceae	Cayratia pedata	EN	G	FRLHT
61	Compositae	Centratherum mayurii C. Fischer	I		WCMC
62	Compositae	Centratherum ritchiei Hook.f.	I		WCMC
63	Compositae	Centratherum tenue C.B. Clarke	I		WCMC
64	Campanulaceae	Cephalostigma flexuosum Hook.f. & Thomson	I		WCMC
65	Asclepiadaceae	Ceropegia attenuata Hook.	R		WCMC
66	Asclepiadaceae	Ceropegia barnesii Bruce & Chatterjee	E		WCMC
67	Asclepiadaceae	Ceropegia fantastica Sedgw.	Ex/E		WCMC
68	Asclepiadaceae	Ceropegia fimbrifera Beddome	V		WCMC
69	Asclepiadaceae	Ceropegia metziana Miq.	R		WCMC
70	Asclepiadaceae	Ceropegia pusilla Wight & Arn.	R		WCMC
71	Asclepiadaceae	Ceropegia spiralis Wight	V		WCMC
72	Gramineae	Chandrasekharania keralensis Uniyal & Pal	?		WCMC
73	Liliaceae	Chlorophytum glaucum Dalz.	I		WCMC
74	Apocynaceae	Chonemorpha fragrans	EN		FRLHT
75	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum macrocarpum	VU	G	FRLHT
76	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum riparium Gamble	R		WCMC
77	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum sulphuratum	VU	G	FRLHT
78	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum wightii	EN	G	FRLHT
79	Commelinaceae	Commelina indehiscens Barnes	R		WCMC
80	Boraginaceae	Cordia evolutior Gamble	?		WCMC
81	Menispermaceae	Coscinium fenestratum	CR		FRLHT
82	Leguminosae	Crotalaria digitata Hook.	R		WCMC
83	Leguminosae	Crotalaria filipes Benth.	I		WCMC
84	Leguminosae	Crotalaria globosa Wight & Arn.	R		WCMC
85	Leguminosae	Crotalaria laburnifolia L.	?		WCMC
86	Leguminosae	Crotalaria lutescens Dalz.	R		WCMC
87	Leguminosae	Crotalaria priestleyoides Benth. ex Baker	R		WCMC
88	Leguminosae	Crotalaria rigida Heyne ex Roth	R		WCMC
89	Leguminosae	Crotalaria sandoorensis Beddome ex Gamble	E		WCMC
90	Lauraceae	Cryptocarya stocksii Meissner	I		WCMC
91	Araceae	Cryptocoryne ciliata Fisch.	I		WCMC
92	Araceae	Cryptocoryne cognata Schott	I		WCMC
93	Araceae	Cryptocoryne cognatoides Blatter & McCann	V		WCMC
94	Araceae	Cryptocoryne wightii Schott	I		WCMC
95	Zingiberaceae	Curcuma montana Roxb.	I		WCMC
96	Zingiberaceae	Curcuma pseudomontana	VU	G	FRLHT
97	Compositae	Cyathocline lutea Law ex Wight	R		WCMC
98	Leguminosae	Cynometra bourdillonii Gamble	V		WCMC
99	Leguminosae	Cynometra travancorica Beddome	R		WCMC
100	Leguminosae	Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.	nt		WCMC
101	Euphorbiaceae	Dalechampia stenoloba Sundar. & Kulk.	R		WCMC
102	Periplocaceae	Decalepis hamiltonii	EN	G	FRLHT
103	Malvaceae	Decaschistia triloba Wight	I		WCMC
104	Orchidaceae	Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C. Fischer	I		WCMC
105	Orchidaceae	Dendrobium crepidatum Lindley	?		WCMC
106	Orchidaceae	Dendrobium jerdonianum Wight	?		WCMC
107	Orchidaceae	Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindley	?		WCMC
108	Orchidaceae	Dendrobium peguanum (Lindley) Lindley	?		WCMC
109	Orchidaceae	Dendrobium transparens Wallich ex Lindley	?		WCMC
110	Commelinaceae	Dictyospermum ovalifolium Wight	R		WCMC
111	Gramineae	Dimeria woodrowii Stapf	R		WCMC
112	Ebenaceae	Diospyros candolleana	VU	G	FRLHT
113	Ebenaceae	Diospyros paniculata	VU	G	FRLHT
114	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd.	nt		WCMC
115	Droseraceae	Drosera indica	EN		FRLHT
116	Droseraceae	Drosera peltata	EN		FRLHT
117	Meliaceae	Dysoxylum malabaricum	EN	G	FRLHT
118	Elaeocarpaceae	Elaeocarpus munronii (Wt.) Mast.	R		WCMC
119	Leguminosae	Eleiotis trifoliolata Cooke	R		WCMC
120	Myrsinaceae	Embelia ribes	VU		FRLHT
121	Myrsinaceae	Embelia tsjeriam-cottam	VU		FRLHT
122	Tiliaceae	Erinocarpus nimmonii Graham	R		WCMC
123	Eriocaulaceae	Eriocaulon barba-caprae Fyson	Ex/E		WCMC
124	Eriocaulaceae	Eriocaulon barbeyanum Ruhl.	Ex/E		WCMC
125	Eriocaulaceae	Eriocaulon dalzellii Koern.	I		WCMC
126	Eriocaulaceae	Eriocaulon margaretae Fyson	I		WCMC
127	Eriocaulaceae	Eriocaulon mysorense Fyson	R		WCMC
128	Eriocaulaceae	Eriocaulon thomasi Fyson	R		WCMC
129	Myrtaceae	Eugenia cotinifolia Jacq. codyensis (Munro ex Wight) Ashton	I		WCMC
130	Orchidaceae	Eulophia cullenii	CR	G	FRLHT
131	Orchidaceae	Eulophia herbacea Lindley	?		WCMC
132	Orchidaceae	Eulophia ochreata Lindley	?		WCMC
133	Orchidaceae	Eulophia ramentacea Lindley ex Wight	I		WCMC
134	Celastraceae	Euonymus angulatus Wight	E		WCMC
135	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia tortilis Rottler ex Wight	?		WCMC
136	Moraceae	Ficus benjamina L. comosa (Roxb.) Kurz	?		WCMC
137	Leguminosae	Flemingia gracilis (Mukerjee) Ali	R		WCMC
138	Cyperaceae	Fuirena trilobites C.B. Clarke	?		WCMC
139	Clusiaceae	Garcinia indica	VU	G	FRLHT
140	Clusiaceae	Garcinia morella	VU		FRLHT
141	Clusiaceae	Garcinia talbotii Raiz. ex Santapau	I		WCMC
142	Clusiaceae	Garcinia travancorica	EN	G	FRLHT
143	Rubiaceae	Gardenia gummifera	VU	G	FRLHT
144	Liliaceae	Gloriosa superba	VU		FRLHT
145	Rutaceae	Glycosmis macrocarpa	VU	G	FRLHT
146	Gramineae	Glyphochloa divergens (Hook.) Clayton	R		WCMC
147	Tiliaceae	Grewia heterotricha Mast.	I		WCMC
148	Myristicaceae	Gymnacranthera canarica (King) Warb	I		WCMC
149	Asclepiadaceae	Gymnema khandalense	EN	G	FRLHT
150	Asclepiadaceae	Gymnema montanum	EN	G	FRLHT
151	Orchidaceae	Habenaria crassifolia A. Rich.	?		WCMC
152	Orchidaceae	Habenaria gibsani foetida Blatter & McCann	?		WCMC
153	Orchidaceae	Habenaria marginata Colebr. flavescens (Hook.f.) Cooke	?		WCMC
154	Rubiaceae	Hedyotis cyanantha Kurz	R		WCMC
155	Rubiaceae	Hedyotis stocksii (Hk.f. & Th.) R. Rao & Hemadri	I		WCMC
156	Boraginaceae	Heliotropium keralense	CR	G	FRLHT
157	Umbelliferae	Heracleum aquilegifolium C.B. Clarke	I		WCMC
158	Apiaceae	Heracleum candolleanum	VU	G	FRLHT
159	Asclepiadaceae	Holostemma ada-kodien	VU		FRLHT
160	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea canarensis Hole	?		WCMC
161	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea glabra W. & A.	nt		WCMC
162	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea jacobi C. Fischer	R		WCMC
163	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea parviflora Bedd.	nt		WCMC
164	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabberley	nt		WCMC
165	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea racophloea Dyer	nt		WCMC
166	Gramineae	Hubbardia heptaneuron Bor	Ex		WCMC
167	Linaceae	Hugonia belli Sedgwick	R		WCMC
168	Caesalpiniaceae	Humboldtia vahliana	EN	G	FRLHT
169	Flacourtiaceae	Hydnocarpus alpina	VU	G	FRLHT
170	Flacourtiaceae	Hydnocarpus macrocarpa	EN	G	FRLHT
171	Flacourtiaceae	Hydnocarpus pentandra	VU	G	FRLHT
172	Podostemaceae	Hydrobryopsis sessilis (Willis) Engl.	I		WCMC
173	Acanthaceae	Hygrophila pinnatifida (Dalz.) Sreemadh.	I		WCMC
174	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens acaulis Arn.	I		WCMC
175	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens barberi Hook.f.	I		WCMC
176	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens dassysperma Wight	I		WCMC
177	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens dendricola C. Fischer	I		WCMC
178	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens lucida Heyne	I		WCMC
179	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens nataliae Hook.f.	I		WCMC
180	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens stocksii Hook.f.	I		WCMC
181	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens talbotii Hook. f.	E		WCMC
182	Leguminosae	Indigofera constricta (Thwaites) Trimen	R		WCMC
183	Liliaceae	Iphigenia magnifica Ansari & R. Rao	V		WCMC
184	Liliaceae	Iphigenia sahyadrica Ansari & R. Rao	E		WCMC
185	Liliaceae	Iphigenia stellata	EN		FRLHT
186	Gramineae	Isachne gracilis C.E. Hubb.	I		WCMC
187	Gramineae	Isachne lisboae Hook.f.	I		WCMC
188	Gramineae	Isachne meeboldii C. Fischer	R		WCMC
189	Gramineae	Isachne mysorensis Raghavan	R		WCMC
190	Gramineae	Isachne setosa Hook. f.	R		WCMC
191	Rubiaceae	Ixora lawsoni Gamble	I		WCMC
192	Periplocaceae	Janakia arayalpathra	CR	G	FRLHT
193	Oleaceae	Jasminum officinale L.	nt		WCMC
194	Acanthaceae	Justicia salsoloides T. Anderson	I		WCMC
195	Crassulaceae	Kalanchoe glandulosa Hochst. ex A. Rich	?		WCMC
196	Caesalpiniaceae	Kingiodendron pinnatum	VU	G	FRLHT
197	Leguminosae	Kingiodendron pinnatum (Roxb. ex DC.) Harms	R		WCMC
198	Araceae	Lagenandra meeboldii (Engl.) C. Fischer	I		WCMC
199	Lythraceae	Lagerstroemia thomsonii Koehne	I		WCMC
200	Rubiaceae	Lasianthus capitulatus Wight	I		WCMC
201	Labiatae	Leucas angustissima Sedgw.	R		WCMC
202	Oleaceae	Ligustrum decaisnei C.B. Clarke beddomei Gamble	I		WCMC
203	Liliaceae	Lilium neilgherrense Wight	I		WCMC
204	Orchidaceae	Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindley	?		WCMC
205	Lauraceae	Litsea mysorensis Gamble	I		WCMC
206	Orchidaceae	Luisia teretifolia Gaudich.	?		WCMC
207	Acanthaceae	Mackenziea caudata (T. And.) Ramam.	I		WCMC
208	Sapotaceae	Madhuca insignis (Radlk.) H.J. Lam	Ex/E		WCMC
209	Sapotaceae	Madhuca longifolia	VU		FRLHT
210	Sapotaceae	Madhuca neriifolia	VU		FRLHT
211	Asclepiadaceae	Marsdenia raziana Yog. et Subr.	R		WCMC
212	Convolvulaceae	Merremia turpethum	VU		FRLHT
213	Magnoliaceae	Michelia champaca	EN		FRLHT
214	Magnoliaceae	Michelia nilagirica	VU	G	FRLHT
215	Tiliaceae	Microcos heterotricha	I		WCMC
216	Cucurbitaceae	Momordica subangulata Blume	I		WCMC
217	Commelinaceae	Murdannia versicolor (Dalz.) Bruckner	I		WCMC
218	Myristicaceae	Myristica dactyloides	VU		FRLHT
219	Myristicaceae	Myristica fatua Houtt. magnifica (Beddome) Sincl.	I		WCMC
220	Myristicaceae	Myristica malabarica	VU	G	FRLHT
222	Compositae	Nanothamnus sericeus Rhoma.	R		WCMC
223	Rubiaceae	Neanotis carnosa (Dalz.) W. Lewis	I		WCMC
224	Rubiaceae	Neanotis monosperma (Wight & Arn.) W. Lewis	I		WCMC
225	Rubiaceae	Neanotis montholonii (Hook.f.) W. Lewis	I		WCMC
226	Rubiaceae	Neanotis prainiana (Talbot) Lewis	V		WCMC
227	Rubiaceae	Neanotis quadrilocularis (Th.) Lewis.	?		WCMC
228	Rubiaceae	Neanotis rheedii (Wight & Arn.) W. Lewis	I		WCMC
229	Orchidaceae	Nervilia aragoana Gaudich.	?		WCMC
230	Orchidaceae	Nervilia crispata (Blume) Schltr.	?		WCMC
231	Orchidaceae	Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatter & McCann	?		WCMC
232	Orchidaceae	Nervilia juliana (Roxb.) Schltr.	I		WCMC
233	Orchidaceae	Nervilia prainiana (Blume) Makino	?		WCMC
234	Acanthaceae	Nilgirianthus campanulatus (Wight) Bremek.	I		WCMC
235	Acanthaceae	Nilgirianthus ciliatus	EN	G	FRLHT
236	Leguminosae	Nogra dalzellii (Baker) Merr.	V		WCMC
237	Icacinaceae	Nothapodytes nimmoniana	EN		FRLHT
238	Orchidaceae	Oberonia bicornis Lindley	?		WCMC
239	Orchidaceae	Oberonia brachyphylla Blatt. & McCann	R		WCMC
240	Orchidaceae	Oberonia recurva Lindley	?		WCMC
241	Orchidaceae	Oberonia tenuis Lindley	?		WCMC
242	Gramineae	Ochlandra talbotii Brandis	?		WCMC
243	Rubiaceae	Ochreinauclea missionis	VU	G	FRLHT
244	Asclepiadaceae	Oianthus beddomei Hook.f.	I		WCMC
245	Asclepiadaceae	Oianthus disciflorus Hook.f.	I		WCMC
246	Rubiaceae	Ophiorrhiza brunonis Wight & Arn.	Ex		WCMC
247	Rubiaceae	Ophiorrhiza codyensis Gamble	I		WCMC
248	Annonaceae	Orophea uniflora Hook.f. & Thomson	I		WCMC
249	Bignoniaceae	Oroxylum indicum	VU		FRLHT
250	Melastomataceae	Osbeckia stellata Buch. Ham. ex Ker-Gawler hispidissima (Wight) Hansen	I		WCMC
251	Amaryllidaceae	Pancratium parvum Dalz.	I		WCMC
252	Pandanaceae	Pandanus canaranus Warb.	I		WCMC
253	Boraginaceae	Paracaryum coelastinum (Lindley) Benth.	I		WCMC
254	Boraginaceae	Paracaryum malabaricum C.B. Clarke	I		WCMC
255	Zingiberaceae	Paracautleya bhatii Smith	V		WCMC
256	Orchidaceae	Peristylus brachyphyllus A. Rich.	?		WCMC
257	Orchidaceae	Peristylus secundus (Lindley) Rathakr.	?		WCMC
258	Lauraceae	Persea macrantha	EN		FRLHT
259	Orchidaceae	Phalaenopsis mysorensis J. Saldanha	?		WCMC
260	Acanthaceae	Phlebophyllum canaricum (Beddome) Bremak.	I		WCMC
261	Acanthaceae	Phlebophyllum lanatum (Nees) Bremak.	I		WCMC
262	Euphorbiaceae	Phyllanthus talbotii Sedw.	R		WCMC
263	Piperaceae	Piper barberi	CR	G	FRLHT
264	Piperaceae	Piper mullesua	VU		FRLHT
265	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus nilgherricus	EN	G	FRLHT
266	Rubiaceae	Plectronia ficiformis (Hook.f.) Gamble	I		WCMC
267	Annonaceae	Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites	nt		WCMC
268	Orchidaceae	Polystachya flavescens (Blume) J.J. Smith	?		WCMC
269	Umbelliferae	Polyzygus tuberosus Dalz.	R		WCMC
270	Araceae	Pothos armatus C. Fischer	I		WCMC
271	Araceae	Pothos thomsonianus Schott	I		WCMC
272	Fabaceae	Pseudarthria viscida	VU		FRLHT
273	Fabaceae	Pterocarpus santalinus	CR	G	FRLHT
274	Sterculiaceae	Pterospermum reticulatum Wight & Arn.	R		WCMC
275	Fabaceae	Pueraria tuberosa	CR		FRLHT
276	Myrsinaceae	Rapanea striata Mez	I		WCMC
277	Apocynaceae	Rauvolfia serpentina	EN		FRLHT
278	Araceae	Rhaphidophora pertusa	VU		FRLHT
279	Leguminosae	Rhynchosia beddomei Baker	R		WCMC
280	Orchidaceae	Rhynchostylis latifolia C. Fischer	I		WCMC
281	Rosaceae	Rosa involucrata Roxb.	I		WCMC
282	Lythraceae	Rotala fimbriata Wight	?		WCMC
283	Lythraceae	Rotala macrandra Koehne	?		WCMC
284	Lythraceae	Rotala ritchiei (C.B. Clarke) Koehne	Ex/E		WCMC
285	Rosaceae	Rubus fockei Gandhi	I		WCMC
286	Acanthaceae	Rungia linifolia Nees	I		WCMC
287	Annonaceae	Sageraea laurifolia (Grah.) Blatter	I		WCMC
288	Celastraceae	Salacia macrosperma Wight	I		WCMC
289	Celastraceae	Salacia malabarica Gamble	Ex/E		WCMC
290	Hippocrateaceae	Salacia oblonga	EN		FRLHT
291	Hippocrateaceae	Salacia reticulata	CR		FRLHT
292	Santalaceae	Santalum album Linn.	nt		WCMC
293	Caesalpiniaceae	Saraca asoca	EN		FRLHT
294	Gramineae	Schizachyrium paranjpyeanum (Bhide) Raizada et Jain	R		WCMC
295	Oleaceae	Schrebera swietenioides	VU		FRLHT
296	Umbelliferae	Schultzia benthami C.B. Clarke	I		WCMC
297	Anacardiaceae	Semecarpus travancorica	EN	G	FRLHT
298	Compositae	Senecio dalzellii C.B. Clarke	I		WCMC
299	Compositae	Senecio mayurii C. Fischer	R		WCMC
300	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea robusta Gaertner f.	nt		WCMC
301	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea roxburghii G. Don	nt		WCMC
302	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea tumbuggaia	CR	G	FRLHT
303	Marantaceae	Stachyphrynium spicatum (Roxb.) Schumann	I		WCMC
304	Acanthaceae	Stenosiphonium setosum T. Anderson	I		WCMC
305	Loganiaceae	Strychnos aenea	EN	G	FRLHT
306	Loganiaceae	Strychnos colubrina L.	I		WCMC
307	Gentianaceae	Swertia beddomei C.B. Clarke	I		WCMC
308	Gentianaceae	Swertia corymbosa	VU	G	FRLHT
309	Gentianaceae	Swertia lawii	EN	G	FRLHT
310	Symplocaceae	Symplocos racemosa	VU		FRLHT
311	Myrtaceae	Syzygium munronii (Wight) Balakr.	?		WCMC
312	Myrtaceae	Syzygium stocksii (Duthie) Gamble	I		WCMC
313	Myrtaceae	Syzygium travancoricum	EN	G	FRLHT
314	Rubiaceae	Tarenna agumbensis Sundararaghaven	V		WCMC
315	Leguminosae	Tephrosia pentaphylla (Roxb.) Sweet	I		WCMC
316	Ranunculaceae	Thalictrum dalzellii Hook.	I		WCMC
317	Araceae	Theriophonum dalzellii Schott	R		WCMC
318	Menispermaceae	Tinospora sinensis	VU		FRLHT
319	Euphorbiaceae	Tragia bicolor	VU	G	FRLHT
320	Trichopodaceae	Trichopus zeylanicus	EN	G	FRLHT
321	Araceae	Typhonium bulbiferum Dalzell in Hooker	R		WCMC
322	Periplocaceae	Utleria salicifolia	CR	G	FRLHT
323	Valerianaceae	Valeriana leschenaultii	CR	G	FRLHT
324	Orchidaceae	Vanilla walkeriae Wight	I		WCMC
325	Dipterocarpaceae	Vateria indica Linn	nt		WCMC
326	Dipterocarpaceae	Vateria macrocarpa	CR	G	FRLHT
327	Dipterocarpaceae	Vatica chinensis Linn	V		WCMC
328	Loganiaceae	Viscum mysorense Gamble	I		WCMC
329	Rubiaceae	Wendlandia lawii Hook.f.	I		WCMC
330	Alismataceae	Wiesneria triandra (Dalz.) Mich.	I		WCMC
331	Zingiberaceae	Zingiber cernuum Dalz.	I		WCMC
332	Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus horrida Roth	I		WCMC
333	Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus jujuba Miller	nt		WCMC

3. Threatened fish species

Sl.No.	Fresh water fishes
1	Cirrhinus cirrhosa
2	Labeo bata
3	Labeo fimbriatus
4	Labeo calbasu
5	Labeo porcellus
6	Labeo potail
7	Gonoproktopterus curmuca
8	Gonoproktopterus dubius
9	Gonoproktopterus micropogon micropogon
10	Puntius carnaticus
11	Puntius dorsalis
12	Puntius pulchellus
13	Puntius puckelli
14	Puntius narayani
15	Thynnichthys sandkhol
16	Mystus krishnensis
17	Mystus punctatus
18	Pangasius pangasius
19	Neotropius khavalchor
20	Silonia childrenii
21	Bagarius yerrelli
22	Channa marulius
23	Channa striatus
24	Wallago attu
25	Clarias batrachus
26	Heteropneustes fossilis
27	Aorichthys aor
28	Aorichthys seenghala
29	Rita gogra
30	Rita pavimentata
31	Botia striata
32	Horaichthys setnai
33	Tor mussullah
	Marine/Esutarine/Brakishwater Fishes
1	Sardinella longiceps
2	Anadontostoma chacunda
3	Megalops cyprinoides
4	Chanos chanos
5	Arius tenuispinis
6	Arius jella
7	Mystus gulio
8	Lates calcarifer
9	Lutjanus argentimaculatus
10	Mugil cephalus
11	Formio niger
12	Cybium spp.
13	Cynoglossus spp.
	Riverine Fishes
1	Cirrhinus cirrhosa
2	Cirrhinus reba
3	Labeo bata
4	Labeo kontius
5	Labeo nigrescens
6	Gonoproktopterus curmuca
7	Puntius carnaticus
8	Puntius narayani
9	Neolissochilus hexagonolepis
10	Macrognathus aral
11	Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis
	Reservoir Fishes
1	Labeo fimbriatus
2	Labeo calbasu
3	Puntius filamentosus
4	Puntius pulchellus
5	Puntius sarana sarana
6	Mystus krishnensis
7	Bagarikus yerrelli
8	Aorichthys aor
9	Aorichthys seenghala
10	Wallago attu
	Extinct Fish species
	Gonoproktopterus thomassi

4. Threatened bird species

sl.No	Common Name	Scientific Name	Category	Habitat
1	White-Backed Vulture	Gyps bengalensis	Critical	Dry plains
2	Long-billed Vulture	Gyps indicus	Critical	Dry plains
3	Great Indian Bustard	Ardeotis nigriceps	Endangered	Grasslands
4	Lesser Florican	Sypheotides indica	Endangered	Grasslands
5	Spot-billed Pelican	Pelecanus philippensis	Vulnerable	Wetlands
6	Lesser Adjutant	Leptoptilos javanicus	Vulnerable	Wetlands
7	Pallas's Fish-Eagle	Haliaeetus leucoryphus	Vulnerable	Wetlands
8	Lesser Kestrel	Falco naumanni	Vulnerable	Grasslands
9	Sociable Lapwing	Vanellus gregarious	Vulnerable	Wetlands
10	Nilgiri Wood Pigeon	Columba elphinstonii	Vulnerable	Evergreen Forests
11	Yellow-throated Bulbul	Pycnonotus xantholaemus	Vulnerable	Dry deciduous Forests
12	White-bellied shortwing	Brachypteryx major	Vulnerable	Shola
13	Broad-tailed Grass bird	Schoenicola platyura	Vulnerable	High altitude Grasslands
14	Pied or White-naped Tit	Parus nuchalis	Vulnerable	Dry deciduous Forests
15	Green Munia	Amandava formosa	Vulnerable	Wetlands
16	Darter	Anhinga melanogaster	Criteria nearly met	Wetlands
17	Painted Stork	Mycteria leucocephala	Criteria nearly met	Wetlands
18	Black-necked Stork	Ephippiiorhaynchus asiaticus	Criteria nearly met	Wetlands
19	Oriental White Ibis	Threskiornis melanocephalus	Criteria nearly met	Wetlands
20	Ferruginous Pochard	Aythya nyroca	Criteria nearly met	Wetlands
21	Greater Grey-headed Fish Eagle	Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus	Criteria nearly met	Wetlands
22	Red-headed Vulture	Sacrogyps calvus	Criteria nearly met	Dry deciduous Forests
23	Pallid Harrier	Circus macrourus	Criteria nearly met	Grasslands
24	Asian Dowitcher	Limnodromus semipalmatus	Criteria nearly met	Wetlands
25	Malabar Pied Hornbill	Anthracoceros coronatus	Criteria nearly met	Evergreen Forests
26	Great Pied Hornbill	Buceros bicornis	Criteria nearly met	Evergreen Forests
27	Grey-breasted Laughing thrush	Garrulax jerdoni	Criteria nearly met	Shola
28	White Stork	Ciconia ciconia	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
29	Large Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
30	White Necked Stork	Ciconia episcopus	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
31	Spoon Bill	Platalea leucorodia	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
32	Lesser Whistling Teal	Dendrocygna javanica	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
33	Bar Headed Geese	Anser anser	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
34	Black Bellied Tern	Sterna acuticauda	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
35	Small Indian Practincole	Glareola lactea	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
36	Black Ibis	Pseudibis papillosa	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
37	Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
38	Great Stone Plover	Esacus magnirostris	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
39	White Bellied Sea Eagle	Haliaeetus leucogaster	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
40	Lesser Adjutant Stork	Leptoptilos javanicus	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
41	Avocet	Recurvirostra avosetta	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
42	Lesser Frigate Bird	Fregata minor	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
43	White Ibis	Threskiornis aethiopica	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
44	Flamingo	Phoeniconaias minor	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
45	Demoiselle Crane	Anthropoides virgo	Locally Threatened	Wetlands
46	Alexandrine Parakeet	Psittacula eupatria	Locally Threatened	Dry deciduous Forests
45	Great Black Woodpecker	Dryocopus	Locally Threatened	Evergreen Forests
45	Ceylon Frogmouth	Batrachostomus moniliger	Locally Threatened	Evergreen Forests

5. Other threatened animal species

The threatened animal of Karnataka
	(Source: WCMC,	1994)
SlNo.	Class	Family	Scientific Name	Common Name
	Insecta
	Butterflies
1		Danaidae	Idea malabarica	Malabar Tree Nymph
	Reptilia
2		Crocodylidae	Crocodylus palustris	Mugger
3		Boidae	Python molurus	Indian Python
4		Cheloniidae	Eretmochelys imbricata	Hawksbill Turtle
5			Lepidochelys olivacea	Olive Ridley
6		Emydidae	Geoclemys hamiltonii	Black Pond Turtle
7			Geoemyda silvatica	CochinForest Cane
8		Testudinidae	Indotestudo forstenii
	Amphibia
9		Bufonidae	Pedostibes tuberculosus	MalabarTreeToad
10		Microhylidae	Melanobatrachus indicus	Black Microhylid
	Mammalia
11		Bovidae	Antilope cervicapra	Blackbuck
12			Bos gaurus	Gaur
13			Tetracerus quadricornis	Four-horned Antelope
14		Canidae	Canis lupus	Grey Wolf
15			Cuon alpinus	Asiatic WildDog
16			Vulpes bengalensis	Bengal Fox
17		Felidae	Panthera tigris	Tiger
18			Prionailurus rubiginosa	Rusty-spotted Cat
19			Prionailurus viverrinus	Fishing Cat
20		Mustelidae	Aonyx cinerea	Oriental Small-clawed Otter
21			Lutra perspicillata	Smooth-coated Otter
22			Martes gwatkinsii	Nilgiri Marten
23		Ursidae	Melursus ursinus	Sloth Bear
24		Viverridae	Paradoxurus jerdoni	Jerdon's Palm Civet
25		Molossidae	Otomops wroughtoni	Wroughton's Free-tailed Bat
26		Cercopithecidae	Macaca silenus	Lion-tailed Macaque
27			Trachypithecus johnii	NilgiriLeaf Monkey
28		Elephantidae	Elephas maximus	Indian Elephant

6. Amphibians

The Western Ghats is one of the amphibian hotspots of the world. Of the 117 species of amphibians reported from the region, 111 (95%) are known from the latitudes 8-13°N. Within this zone, area between 11-12°N and 12-13°N are the richest with fifty-one and fifty-five species respectively. The Western Ghats of Coorg, Hassan, Chikamagalur, Mangalore and Udupi districts fall under this latitudinal zone. Frogs such as Ansonia ornata, is known only from the Brahmagiris (Coorg) and Naravi range (Kudremukh National Park) of Coorg and Dakshin Kannada districts respectively. A recently concluded study at the Kudremukh National Park reported 35 species of amphibians and discovered a new frog species Nyctibatrachus hussainii. The Kempholey, in the Hassan district is a hotspot for amphibians and a large number of species, such as Bufo brevirostris, Ramanella marmorata, Nanobatrachus kempholeyensis and Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus are restricted to this locality. Most of the endemic frogs are confined to the evergreen forests of this region and they are entirely depended on torrential streams for their breeding. The major threats to the amphibian diversity of the region include, agriculture expansion and stream impoundment. Though the region is known to be an amphibian hotspot, there are no recent systematic studies and most of the species are known only from the literature.

Reference:

1. Daniels, R.J.R (1992). Geographical distribution patterns of amphibians of the Western Ghats, India. J.Biogeography, 19;521-529.

2. Daniels, R.J.R (1997). A field guide to the frogs and toads of the Western Ghats, India. Cobra, Vols 27, 28 and 29.

3. Krishnamurthy, S.V (1999). Amphibian diversity in a few selected environs of Western Ghats. In: Biodiversity of the Western Ghats complex of Karnataka: Resource potential and sustainable utilisation. (Eds: Hussain, S.A and Achar, K.P). Biodiversity Initiative Trust, Mangalore, pp 253.

7. Marine mammals

Some of the Marine mammals that could possibly occur along the sea coast of Karnataka: Source: Dipani Sutaria

Distribution records of marine mammals from Bombay to Kanyakumari from published accounts.

B=Beached or Live stranding, C=Carcass or skeleton, L=Landed or fishing by catch, S=Positive sighting. Nomenclature: Rice (1998).

Species	Common name	Bombay to Mangalore	Mangalore to Kanyakumari	Oceanic Arabian Sea	IUCN status	Worldwide Habitat information
Delphinus capensis tropicalis	Common dolphin	BL	L		Insufficiently known	coastal and offshore water
Grampus griseus	Risso’s dolphin	S	S		Insufficiently known	offshore
Pseudorca crassidens	False killer whale	C	BCL	C	Insufficiently known	semi-enclosed seas
Sousa chinensis	Indo pacific humpback dolphin	BL	BCLS		Insufficiently known	warm shallow coast, estuaries
Stenella attenuata	Pantropical spotted dolphin			S	Insufficiently known	cool, deep offshore water
Stenella longirostris	Spinner dolphin		CL	S	Insufficiently known	inshore and offshore waters
Tursiops aduncus/truncatus	Bottlenose dolphin	S?	BCLS		Insufficiently known	inshore and offshore waters
Neophocaena phocaenoides	Finless Porpoise	CLS	BCL		Insufficiently known	shallow inshore waters, rivers, estuaries
Kogia breviceps	Pygmy sperm whale		B		Insufficiently known	oceanic waters
Kogia sima	Dwarf Sperm whale		C		Insufficiently known	oceanic waters
Physeter macrocephalus	Sperm whale	B	C		Insufficiently known	oceanic waters
Balaenoptera borealis	Sei whale		B		Vulnerable	oceanic waters
Balaenoptera edeni	Bryde’s whale	B	B		Insufficiently known	inshore and offshore waters
Balaenoptera musculus	Blue whale	B	CB		Endangered	offshore waters
Balaenoptera physalus	Fin whale	B	B	C	Vulnerable	offshore waters
Megaptera novaeangliae	Humpback whale		B		Vulnerable	inshore and offshore waters

Annual Census report of Wild Animal of Karnataka State for the year 1997-1998

(Source: Karnataka Forest Department )

SI. No	NAME OF THE CIRCLE	NAME OF THE DIVISION	Tiger	Gaur	Elephant	Panther	Bear	Wild Boar	Deer	Bison	Sambar	Fox
1.	BANGALORE	Bangalore Rural	-	-	37	7	-	-	-	-	-	-
	CIRCLE	Bangalore Urban	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Kolar	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Total of B'lore Grde	-	-	37	7	-	-	-	-	-	-
2.	BELLARY	Bellary	-	-	-	20	96	-	-	-	-	-
	CIRCLE	Chitradurga	_	.	.	104	232	-	1080	_	-	704
		Total of Bellary Circle,	-	-	-	124	328	—	1080	-	-	704
3.	BELGAUM	Belgaum	10		71	23	250	2020	233	-	108
	CIRCLE	Ghataprabha	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Baealokot	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Total of Belgaum Circle,	10		71	23	250	2020	233	-	108	-
4.	KANARA	Sirsi	1	_	-	-	251	133	64	102	19	9
	CIRCLE	Haliyal	11 1	_	45	9	175	451	830	672	103	61
		Yellapur	8	_		5	156	375	754	571	86	30
		Honavar	21	_	1	34	190	357	351	376	23	67
		Karwar	28	.	3	14	120	438	437	216	13	23
		Total ofKanara Circle.	69	^—	52	62	892	1754	2436	1937	244	190
5.	GULBARGA	Gulbarga	-	-	-	-	-	1200	340	-	-	1160
	CIRCLE	Bidar	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Raichur	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Total of Gulbarga Circle	-	-	-	-	-	1200	340	-	-	1160
6.	HASSAN CIRCLE	Hassan Tumkur Total of Hassan Circle	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Tumkur	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Total of Hassan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7.	KODAGU CIRCLE	Madikeri	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	CIRCLE	Mangalore	5	-	61			1165	174	260	-
		Kundapura	33	-	-	61	-	-	-	-
		Total of Kodagu Circle	38	-	61	61		1165	174	-
8.	MYSORE CIRCLE	Mysore	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Kollegal	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Hunsur	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Mandya	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Total of Mysore Circle	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Shimoga	25	-	27	-			-	619	16	35
9.	SHIMOGA CIRCLE	Bhadravathi	19	-	-	72	131	2914	-	-	-
		Sagar	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Chikmangulur	23	-	20	27	780	470	-	-	-
		Koppa	16	-	6	4		614	174		59
		Total of Shimoga	83	-	53	103	911	4730	215	35	167
	WILDLIFE NORTH	Bhadra Wildlife Division.	13	-	203	-	-	-	-	-	-
10.	NORTH	Shimoga Wildlife Division.	9	-	-	20	4	919	1100	-	238
	CIRCLE SHIMOGA	Kudremukh WL Division.	-	-	4	54	39	116	121	425	296
		Dandeli Wildlife Division	11	-	45	9	390	-	2090	1817	518
		Dhanvad Wildlife Sub-division.	-	-	-	23	53	-	5786	-	-	52
		Total of WL North Circle.	33	-	252	106	486	1035	9097	2242	1052	52
11.	WILDLIFE SOUTH CIRCLE MYSORE	Hunsur Wildlife Division.	56	170	707	-	-	-	1164	-	96	-
		Chamarajnagar Wildlife Division.	24	1190	645	-	-	3561	3509	1490	943	-
		Wildlife Sub-Division Madikeri	5	-	-	12	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Wildlife Sub-Division Mysore	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	—	-	-
		Total of WL South Circle.	87	1360	1352	12	-	3561	4673	1490	1039	-
12.	PROJECT TIGER MYSORE	Project Tiger Division Gundlupet	12	-	3471	88	-	-	8204	2421	2386	-
		Total of WL PT, Mysore	72		3471	88	-	-	8204	2427	2386	-
13.	BNP AND CAUYERY WL DIVISION	Banner hatta	-	-	52	11	9	20	12	52	2	11
		Cauvery Wildlife Division Kanakapura	1	-	697	23	26	395	746	41	-	-
		Total	J	-	749	34	35	415	818	93	2	11
GRAND TOTAL			395	1360	6098	620	2902	15880	27270	8484	4998	2117

8. Proposed heritage sites

1. Yana - Rock mountain and umbrella palm site- Kumta Taluk; Uttara Kannada district

2. Pilar Kan-Sacred grove-Udupi taluk; Udupi district

3. St. Mary’s Island – Udupi Taluk; Udupi district

4. Devbag – Turtle breeding site- Karwar Taluk; Uttara Kannada district

5. Kolli Bavali Vana- Bat sacred grove- Belthangadi taluk; Dakshina Kannada district

6. Kokre Bellur – Heronary- Maddur Taluk; Mandya District

7. Nallur Sacred Tamrind Grove – Devanahalli Taluk; Bangalore –Rural

8. Mydenahalli proposed black buck sanctuary – Sira Taluk; Tumkur district

9. Anjadiv Island- Honnavara Taluk; Uttara Kannada district

10. Myristica swamp and its surroundings in Mahime village in Honavar taluk; Uttara Kannada district

11. Karikanamman forest in Honavar taluk; Uttara Kannada district

12. Katlekan forest in Siddapur taluk; Uttara Kannada district

13. Bheemgad bat sanctuary in Khanapur Taluk, Belgaum district

9. Pictures of some new species described from Karnataka

Paracoutlea bhatii.

Ornithoctonus gadgilii

Parabatasio sharavatiensis

Nyctibatrachus hussaini