Fabaceae
Senna

Senna occidentalis (L.) Link

First published in Handbuch 2: 140 (1831)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is an annual, perennial or subshrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders, has environmental uses, as a poison and a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Galápagos, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Alabama, Aldabra, Andaman Is., Angola, Arkansas, Ascension, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Bermuda, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chad, Chagos Archipelago, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Djibouti, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Gilbert Is., Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hawaii, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kansas, Kazan-retto, Kenya, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Libya, Line Is., Louisiana, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mississippi, Missouri, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, New York, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Niue, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Ogasawara-shoto, Oklahoma, Pakistan, Philippines, Primorye, Queensland, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, St.Helena, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Virginia, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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PAFTOL

Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.2. epublication.
  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Barua, K.N. & Khatry, P.K. (2009). Alien forest weeds in upper Brahmaputra valler and hill zones of Assam. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 414-422.
  • Bhellum, B.L. (2012). Flora exotica of Jammu and Kashmir (List- I). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 36: 33-45.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brummitt, R.K., Chikuni, A.C., Lock, J.M. & Polhill, R.M. (2007). 61. Leguminosae Subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Flora Zambesiaca 3(2): 1-218. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Castle, G.E. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. Orstom Editions.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • D'Arcy, W.G. (1987). Flora of Panama. Checklist and Index.. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 17: 1-328. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Du Puy, D.J., Labat, N.-N., Rabevohitra, R., Villiers, J.-F., Bosser, J. & Moat, J. (2002). The Leguminosae of Madagascar: 1-737. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Filimban, F.Z. & al. (2014). Studies in the flora of Arabia: XXX. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71: 117-132.
  • Forero, E. & Castellanos, C. (eds.) (2019). Estudios en Leguminosas Colombianas 3: 1-398. Academia Colombiana de ciencias exactas, físicas y naturales.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lock, J.M. & Heald, J. (1994). Legumes of Indo-China a check-list: 1-164. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lorence, D.H. & Wagnwe, W.L. (2020). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 2: 413-1135. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.
  • Meena, S.L. (2012). A checklist of the vascular plants of Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India. Nelumbo 54: 39-91.
  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Sikarwar, R.L.S. (2014). Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619.
  • Smith, A.C. (1985). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 3: 1-758. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Souza, V.C. & al. (2016). Flora dos Estados de Goiás e Tocantins 48: 1-147. Universidade federal de Goiás.
  • Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Thulin, M. (ed.) (1993). Flora of Somalia 1: 1-493. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Vikraman, R/R/, Pandurangan, A.G. & Thulasidas, G. (2008). A study on the garden escaped exotics of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Journal of East African Natural History 32: 765-781.
  • Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Zhu, X.Y., Zhang, R.P. & He, Y.L. (eds.) (2021). An inventory of legume species diversity of Myanmar: 1-297. China Minzu university press.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • da Silva e Silva, W.L., Cajueiro Gurgel, E.S., Moreira dos Santos, J.U. & Falcão da Silva, M. (2013). Inventário e distribuição geográfica de Leguminosae no arquipélago de Marajó, PA, Brazil. Hoehnea 40: 627-647.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • Link, Handb. 2: 140 (1831).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Kew's Economic Botany collection in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Aké Assi, L. (2001). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. I. Boissiera 57: 1-396.
  • Ananda Rao, T. & Ellis, J.L. (1995). Flora of Lakshadweep islands off the Malabar coast, peninsular India, with emphasis on phytogeographical distribution of plants. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 19: 235-250.
  • Audru, J., Cesar, J. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1994). Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti. Flore Illustrée 1: 1-336. CIRAD, Départerment d'Elevage et de Médecine vétérinaire, Djibouti.
  • Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Barua, K.N. & Khatry, P.K. (2009). Alien forest weeds in upper Brahmaputra valler and hill zones of Assam. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 414-422.
  • Berhaut, J. (1975). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 4: 1-625. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  • Brown, L.C. (1982). The Flora and Fauna of St Helena: 1-88. Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, England.
  • Brummitt, R.K., Chikuni, A.C., Lock, J.M. & Polhill, R.M. (2007). 61. Leguminosae Subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Flora Zambesiaca 3(2): 1-218. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Castle, G.E. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. Orstom Editions.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Christopherson, E. (1935). Flowering Plants of Samoa. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 128: 1-221.
  • Cirilo, N. & Proctor, G.R. (1994). Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41-42: 73-80.
  • D'Arcy, W.G. (1987). Flora of Panama. Checklist and Index.. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 17: 1-328. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Du Puy, D.J., Labat, N.-N., Rabevohitra, R., Villiers, J.-F., Bosser, J. & Moat, J. (2002). The Leguminosae of Madagascar: 1-737. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Filimban, F.Z. & al. (2014). Studies in the flora of Arabia: XXX. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71: 117-132.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2023). Flora of North America North of Mexico 11(1): 1-541. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1957). The Maldive islands, Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin 58: 1-37.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • GBIF (2008-2020). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Guillaumin, A. (1948). Compendium de la Flore Phanérogamique des Nouvelles Hébrides. Annales de l'Institut Botanico-Geologique de Marseille, VI, 5-6: 1-56.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 17: 1-295.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
  • Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands. Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
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  • Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
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  • Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lock, J.M. & Heald, J. (1994). Legumes of Indo-China a check-list: 1-164. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Flora of Somalia

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Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
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  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
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  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2015). Listado de especies de Productos No Maderables del caribe colombiano. 366 registros, aportados por: Garcia, H. (Contacto del Recurso), López Camacho, R. (Creador del recurso), Espitia Palencia, L. (Proveedor del metadatos). Versión 2.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_bst-caribe_plantae_2015
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International Legume Database and Information Service

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Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Sep 11, 2023 Sitiven, X.; Setimane, V.; Campira, N., Jessinau, S., Tome. A.; Tsamba , A.; Benjemane, F. [XS008] Mozambique K009001491 No
Apr 20, 2010 Höpflinger, F. [92] Bahamas, The K000661535 Yes
Apr 7, 2008 Graham, J.G.; Schunke Vigo, J. [782] Peru K001041857 Yes
Nov 28, 2007 Blasido, E.; Gonzales, Edwin Becerra; Rojas, Cesar [84], Peru K001041854 Yes
Jul 16, 2007 Snow [170] K001041853 Yes
Jan 18, 2007 Maciel, U.N.; Cordeiro, M.R. [78] Brazil K000840962 Yes
Sep 4, 2006 Bond, Francis E.; Gillin, Thomas S.; Brown, Stewardson [137], Venezuela K001041846 Yes
Aug 21, 2006 Pesha Baca, Victor [176], Peru K001041855 Yes
Oct 2, 2000 Colchester [2012], Venezuela K001041849 Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Vanni, R.; Cardozo, M.; Galeano, N. [4321] Argentina K000556692 Yes
Jan 1, 1999 Vanni, R.; Cardozo, M.; Galeano, N. [4321] Argentina K000556693 Yes
Aug 1, 1998 Zapfack, L. [771] Cameroon K000338524 Yes
May 1, 1997 Stannard, B.; Guedes, M.L.; Atkins, S.; Harley, R.; Saar, E.; Passos, L. [5147] Brazil K000840957 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Hernandez, Luis; Contreras, Luis [9] Venezuela K001041842 Yes
Jan 1, 1997 Cornejo, X.; Bonifaz, C. [2155] Ecuador K001041850 Yes
Aug 1, 1995 Nascimento, M.S.B. [139] Brazil K000055535 Yes
Aug 1, 1995 Nascimento, M.S.B. [139] Brazil K000055533 Yes
Oct 22, 1994 Smith, Herbert H. [70], Colombia K001041834 Yes
Aug 1, 1994 Silva, G.P.; Medeiros, A.C.S.; Lima, J.L.S.; Way, M. [2444] Brazil K000055496 Yes
Jun 24, 1994 Planchuelo, A.M.; Merino, E. [Planchuelo 660] Argentina K000556691 Yes
Mar 22, 1994 Hernandez, Luis; Contreras, Luis [9], Venezuela K001041842 Yes
Jan 1, 1994 Mathias, Mildred, E.; Taylor, Dermot [3622] Peru K000556681 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Pesha Baca, Victor [176] Peru K001041855 Yes
Aug 6, 1991 Sandeman, Christopher [214], Peru K001041856 Yes
Jul 20, 1991 Mathias, Mildred E.; Taylor, Dermot [3622], Peru K000556681 Yes
Jun 18, 1991 s.coll. [11563], Venezuela K001041847 Yes
Jul 22, 1989 Graham, J.G.; Schunke Vigo, J. [782], Peru K001041857 Yes
Apr 27, 1988 And. [275], Ecuador K001041851 Yes
Jan 1, 1988 Zarucchi, James, , L.; Brant, Alan, E.; Castaño, Carlos, Julio [5462] Colombia K001041835 Yes
Sep 19, 1987 Fendler, A. [85], Panama K001041827 Yes
Nov 1, 1986 Coradin, L.; Silva, G.P.; Vieira, J.G.A.; Souza, F.B.; Harley, R.M.; Linington, S.; Baker, R. [5835] Brazil K000055865 Yes
Jul 1, 1984 Collares, J.E.R.; Dutra, L. [163] Brazil K000055863 Yes
May 1, 1984 Assis, J.S.; Sarmento, A.C. [357] Brazil K000055864 Yes
May 1, 1984 Silva, S.B.; Hora, F.M.D. [319] Brazil K000055861 Yes
Jan 1, 1984 Rabelo, B.; Nonato, R. [439] Brazil K000840961 Yes
Mar 1, 1983 Pearson, H.P.N. [16] Brazil K000055857 Yes
Mar 1, 1983 Lewis, G.P.; Pearson, H.P.N. [1160] Brazil K000055867 Yes
Jan 1, 1983 Lewis, G.P.; Carvalho, A.M. [788] Brazil K000055859 Yes
Jan 1, 1983 Zarucchi, J.L.; Ferreira, C.A.C.; Oliveira, J.G.; Nelson, B.W. [3164] Brazil K000840958 Yes
Jun 7, 1982 Winder, J.A. [139] Brazil K000840960 Yes
Aug 17, 1981 Woytkowski, Felix [#14], Peru K001041858 Yes
Apr 1, 1981 Fevereiro, V.P.B.; Mayo, S.J.; Silva, M.B.; Oliveira, A.G.P.; Flor, J. [M496] Brazil K000055869 Yes
Jan 1, 1981 Harley, R.M.; Bromley, G.L.; Carvalho, A.M.; Hage, J.L.; Brito, H.S. [21105] Brazil K000055866 Yes
Jan 1, 1981 Harley, R.M.; Bromley, G.L.; Carvalho, A.M.; Hage, J.L.; Brito, H.S. [21105] Brazil K000055868 Yes
Oct 24, 1980 Ruiz, Juan [1325], Peru K001041859 Yes
Sep 2, 1980 Belshaw, Charles M. [3257], Peru K001041860 Yes
Jan 1, 1979 Whiffin, T.P. [37] Brazil K000840940 Yes
Jan 1, 1979 Ortiz, Felix [s.n.] Argentina K000556700 Yes
Jan 1, 1978 Mori, S.; Kallunki, J.A.; Pennington, T.D. [9290] Brazil K000055870 Yes
Jan 1, 1978 Mori, S.; Kallunki, J.A. [10088] Brazil K000055858 Yes
Oct 22, 1975 Andre, Edouard Francois [1716], Colombia K001041841 Yes
May 8, 1963 Miller, O.O.; Johnston, J.R. [40], Venezuela K001041845 Yes
Jun 28, 1958 Cornejo, X.; Bonifaz, C. [2155], Ecuador K001041850 Yes
Aug 1, 1938 s.coll. [s.n.], Venezuela K001041848 Yes
Aug 17, 1937 Howell, John Thomas [9033] K001041852 Yes
May 2, 1932 Fendler, A. [324], Venezuela K001041844 Yes
Aug 31, 1924 Andre, Ed. [340], Colombia K001041839 Yes
Aug 31, 1924 Andre, Edouard Francois [205], Colombia K001041840 Yes
Feb 16, 1911 Fendler [959], Colombia K001041838 Yes
Nov 7, 1901 Hartweg [959], Colombia K001041837 Yes
Jan 1, 1898 Seemann [530], Panama K001041826 Yes
Apr 27, 1897 Peru K000327321 Yes
Jan 1, 1896 Fendler, A. [s.n.], Panama K001041828 Yes
Jan 1, 1889 Peru K000327320 Yes
Dec 1, 1875 Allen, Cyril [311], Colombia K001041833 Yes
Mar 12, 1854 Rusby; Squires [13], Venezuela K001041836 Yes
Jan 1, 1854 Zarucchi, James , L.; Brant, Alan E.; Castaño, Carlos Julio [5462], Colombia K001041835 Yes
Venturi, S. [6151] Argentina K000556695 Yes
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K000840932 Yes
Andre, Edouard, Francois [1716] Colombia K001041841 Yes
Smith, D. [79] Brazil K000840941 Yes
Burchell [4729] Brazil K000840945 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Soderstrom, T.R. [6857] Brazil K000840937 Yes
Middleton ? [s.n.] Brazil K000055854 Yes
Davey, J.T. [4] Mali K000386716 Yes
Bourdy, G. [GB1942] Bolivia K001041861 Yes
Rico, L.; Windsor-Shaw, T.; McRobb, A.; Arroyo, L.; Arbelaez, A. [1374] Bolivia K000295456 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [5677] Mexico K000119646 No
unknown [479] K000417518 Unknown Type Material Yes
Winder, J.A. [113] Brazil K000840967 Yes
Hartweg [959] Colombia K001041837 Yes
Heath, A.; Heath, R. [2751] Botswana K001600946 Yes
Philcox, D.; Fereira, A. [3858] Brazil K000840966 Yes
Burchell [1587] Brazil K000840947 Yes
Belshaw, Charles, M. [3257] Peru K001041860 Yes
Lindeman, J.C.; Haas, J.H.; Hatschbach, G. [4489] Brazil K000840954 Yes
Brooke, Fasceny [78] Bolivia K001041864 Yes
Muller, F. [403] Brazil K000840943 Yes
Sandeman, Christopher [214] Peru K001041856 Yes
Fendler, A. [324] Venezuela K001041843 Yes
Riedel [106] Brazil K001078058 Yes
Pabst, G. [4078] Brazil K000840936 Yes
Fendler [959] Colombia K001041838 Yes
And. [275] Ecuador K001041851 Yes
Bolland, G. [s.n.] Brazil K000055855 Yes
Archer, W.A. [7667] Brazil K000840935 Yes
Andre, Edouard, Francois [205] Colombia K001041840 Yes
Fendler, A. [85] Panama K001041827 Yes
Lowe, R.T. [s.n.] K000386718 Yes
Hepper, F.N. [3791] Mali K000386715 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Ecuador K001041829 Yes
Rugel, F. [106] Brazil K000055856 Yes
Venturi, S. [3860] Argentina K000556694 Yes
Lewis, W.H.; MacBryde, B.; Oliver, R.L.; Ridgway, J.E. [1552] Panama K001041830 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Santos, R.R. [9563] Brazil K000840955 Yes
Anderson, W.R.; Hatschbach, G.; Barneby, R.C.; Gates, B.E. [11242] Brazil K000840959 Yes
Fendler, A. [324] Venezuela K001041844 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Fonseca, S.F.; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R.; Ramos, J. [27339] Brazil K000840956 Yes
Traill, J.W.H. [170] Brazil K000840942 Yes
Winder, J.A. [118] Brazil K000840965 Yes
Howell, John, Thomas [9033] K001041852 Yes
Rusby; Squires [13] Venezuela K001041836 Yes
Prance, G.T.; Silva, N.T. [58547] Brazil K000840953 Yes
Bortoluzzi, R.L.C.; Biondo, E. [1230] Brazil K000840964 Yes
Triana, J. [s.n.] Colombia K001041831 Yes
Vasconcellos, D. [s.n.] Brazil K000055852 Yes
Miller, O.O.; Johnston, J.R. [40] Venezuela K001041845 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [4735] Mexico K000119647 No
Castellanos, A. [24877] Brazil K000840951 Yes
Usteri, P.A. [72] Brazil K000840933 Yes
Bolland, G. [s.n.] Brazil K000055860 Yes
Ule, E. [5065] Brazil K000840948 Yes
Rosengurtt; Puerto, D.; Brescia [9468] Brazil K000840944 Yes
Fendler, A. [s.n.] Panama K001041828 Yes
Allen, Cyril [311] Colombia K001041833 Yes
Ruiz, Juan [1325] Peru K001041859 Yes
Cayola, L.; Cuevas, C.; Cuevas D.; Miranda, F.; Antezana, A. [1284] Bolivia K001041863 Yes
Domingos, J. [s.n.] K000386721 Yes
Madsen, J.E. [5555] Burkina Faso K000386711 Yes
Roca, A.; Cuella, M. [AR0625] Bolivia K001041862 Yes
Spruce, R.S. [255] Brazil K000840939 Yes
Mroginski, L.; Schinini, A.; Pueyo, H. [626] Argentina K000556690 Yes
Petersen, Troels, Myndel [1078] Argentina K000556697 Yes
Philcox, D.; Ferreira, A. [3798] Brazil K000840931 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [11600] Mexico K000119644 No
Burchell [1022] Brazil K000840946 Yes
Pickel, D.B. [259] Brazil K000055853 Yes
Gilbert [n.1100] K000556699 Yes
Colchester [2012] Venezuela K001041849 Yes
Rambo, B. [40778] Brazil K000840952 Yes
Vega, E. [893] Argentina K000556696 Yes
Seemann [530] Panama K001041826 Yes
Blasido, E.; Gonzales, Edwin, Becerra; Rojas, Cesar [84] Peru K001041854 Yes
Pickersgill, B.; Barret, S.C.H.; Hill, R.A.; Stilwell, M.R. [RU7283] Brazil K000055862 Yes
Kerr, J.G. [s.n.] K000556698 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [9359] Mexico K000119645 No
Woytkowski, Felix [#14] Peru K001041858 Yes
Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [47690] Brazil K000840950 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [11370] Mexico K000119643 No
Lehmann [8988] Colombia K001041832 Yes
Schinini, A.; Vanni, R.; Norrmann, G. [18836] Argentina K000556701 Yes
Smith, Herbert, H. [70] Colombia K001041834 Yes
Bond, Francis, E.; Gillin, Thomas, S.; Brown, Stewardson [137] Venezuela K001041846 Yes
s.coll. [11563] Venezuela K001041847 Yes
Milliken, W. [2214] Brazil K000840963 Yes
Snow [170] K001041853 Yes
Wailly, M., de [5038] Mali K000386717 Yes
Rambo, B. [46660] Brazil K000840949 Yes
Madsen, J.E. [5555] Burkina Faso K000386712 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Venezuela K001041848 Yes
Vogel, E. [55] Nigeria K000417516 Unknown Type Material Yes
Vogel, E. [55] Nigeria K000417517 Unknown Type Material Yes
Andre, Ed. [340] Colombia K001041839 Yes
Krukoff, B.A. [1082] Brazil K000840934 Yes
Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [10145] Brazil K000840938 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.], Ecuador K001041829 Yes
Lewis, W.H.; MacBryde, B.; Oliver, R.L.; Ridgway, J.E. [1552], Panama K001041830 Yes
Triana, J. [s.n.], Colombia K001041831 Yes
Lehmann [8988], Colombia K001041832 Yes
Fendler, A. [324], Venezuela K001041843 Yes
Galapagos Is. K001298133 Yes
Native Collecter [5499] Cassia occidentalis K003002119 Yes
Elmer, A.D.E. [14383] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001984 Yes
Romero, E.M.; Chavez, R.V. [29220] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001971 Yes
Womersley, J.S.; Jones [NGF8783] Papua New Guinea Cassia occidentalis K003002120 Yes
Caldwell, E. (Mrs.) [s.n.] New Caledonia Cassia occidentalis K003002207 Yes
Carr, C.E. [11047] Papua New Guinea Cassia occidentalis K003002117 Yes
Barbon; Garcia; Romero [18783] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001972 Yes
s.coll. [1273] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K001651024 Yes
Buchholz, J.T. [1535] New Caledonia Cassia occidentalis K003002205 Yes
Borden, T.E. [24037] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001981 Yes
Veillon, J.M. [RSNH4510] Vanuatu Cassia occidentalis K003002189 Yes
Balansa, M. [[303]] New Caledonia Cassia occidentalis K003002206 Yes
Balslev, H.; Leeratiwong, C.; Bergmann, B.; Panyadee P.; Satthaphorn, J.; Sutjaritjal, N.; Guntiya, N.; Trongdechakraiwut, T. [9608] Thailand Cassia occidentalis K001765208 Yes
Cumming [666] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001974 Yes
Merrill [s.n.] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001983 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] New Caledonia Cassia occidentalis K003002204 Yes
Barbon; Romero; Femando [1580] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001970 Yes
Mendoza, D.R. [97970] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001985 Yes
Morrison, A. [s.n.] Vanuatu Cassia occidentalis K003002188 Yes
Loher, A. [2229] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001978 Yes
McGregor, R.C. [48] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001980 Yes
Sam, C. [293] Vanuatu Cassia occidentalis K003002187 Yes
Franc, I. [1827] New Caledonia Cassia occidentalis K003002203 Yes
Barbon; Garcia; Alvarez [5519] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001973 Yes
Cumming [1450] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001976 Yes
Yen, D.E. [BSIP19947] Solomon Islands Cassia occidentalis K003002185 Yes
Loher, A. [2229] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001975 Yes
Whitford, H.N. [541] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001979 Yes
Gafui [BSIP12951] Solomon Islands Cassia occidentalis K003002186 Yes
Romero, E.M.; Chavez, R.V. [29068] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001969 Yes
Gachalian, F.S. [s.n.] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001986 Yes
[Popor] [731] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001977 Yes
Kerenga, K.; Croft, J. [LAE77326] Papua New Guinea Cassia occidentalis K003002118 Yes
Merrill, E.D. [3339] Philippines Cassia occidentalis K003001982 Yes

Sources

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  • Flora of Somalia

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    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • International Legume Database and Information Service

    • International Legume Database and Information Service (ILDIS) V10.39 Nov 2011
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Plants and People Africa

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
    • © Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/