Code
CVTGO
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
CVTGO
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Crotalaria cylindrocarpa sensu auct. |
| synonym | Crotalaria cylindrocarpa Sensu auct. |
| synonym | Crotalaria falcata Schumach. & Thonn. |
| synonym | Crotalaria goreensis var. angustifolia Baker |
| synonym | Crotalaria goreensis var. macrostipula (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Baker f. |
| synonym | Crotalaria guineensis D. Dietr. |
| synonym | Crotalaria leopoldvillensis De Wild. |
| synonym | Crotalaria macrostipula Steud. ex A. Rich |
🗒 Common Names
| Malagasy |
|
📚 Overview
Description
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Global description
Crotalaria goreensis is an erect plant, sub-woody at the base and covered with a pubescence more or less applied. It bears alternate leaves and trifoliate, with petioles as long as the leaflets. These are oblanceolate in shape. The petiole base is framed by two foliaceous sickle shape stipules. The flowers are arranged in short terminal racemes. They are yellow and red. The fruit is a pubescent short cylindrical pod, ending with a short curved beak. It contains smooth, shiny orange-red seeds.
Cotyledons
Cotyledons are kidney-shape. They are 10 mm long and 4 mm wide. They are subsessile.
First leaves
The first leaves are alternate and compound, trifoliate. They are held by a petiole as long as the leaflets. They are obovate to oblanceolate in shape. The apex is emarginate and mucronate. The upper face of the blade is marked with 5 to 7 pairs of slightly arcuate ribs. The petiole base is framed by two foliaceous sickle shape stipules.
General habit
The plant is erect, bushy, subwoody at the base and can measure 40 to150 cm high.
Underground system
The plant has a strong woody taproot.
Stem
The stem is cylindrical and solid. It is covered with applied hairs.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate and compound, trifoliate. They are held by a petiole as long as the leaflets (2 to 6 cm). At the base of the petiole, there are two very developed foliaceous stipules. They are sickle and almost surround the stem. They measure 10 to 20 mm long and 2 to 4 mm wide. Each leaflet is carried by a short petiolule. The lamina is obovate to oblanceolate shape. It measures 2 to 6 cm long and 7 to 25 mm wide. The base is acute and the top is rounded or slightly notched and provided with a short mucro. The terminal leaflet is slightly more developed than the lateral leaflets. The margin is entire. The upper surface is almost smooth while the underside is covered with a short sparse applied pubescence. The leaf blade is traversed by 7 to 10 pairs of slightly arched secondary veins.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is arranged in short terminal clusters of 2 to 8 cm.
Flower
The papilionaceous flowers are held by a short pedicel of 1 to 2 mm. The calyx is fused at the base and is divided into five triangular tines. It is 1 to 2 mm long and finely pubescent. The corolla consist of a upper bilobed petal, very rounded (standard), reddish brown on the upper side, 2 lateral petals (wings) and a lower petal (keel) enclosing the stamens, yellow in colour. The corolla is long and wide of 9 mm to 11 mm. The filaments of the 10 stamens are fused at the base in a tube.
Fruit
The fruits are cylindrical pods, 12 to 13 mm long and 6 to 8 mm wide. The tip ends with a curved beak corresponding to the base of the style. The wall is finely hairy. The pod contains 6 to 8 seeds.
Seed
The seeds are flattened and bent over themselves. They are 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. The seed coat is smooth and bright, orange-red in colour.
Crotalaria goreensis is an erect plant, sub-woody at the base and covered with a pubescence more or less applied. It bears alternate leaves and trifoliate, with petioles as long as the leaflets. These are oblanceolate in shape. The petiole base is framed by two foliaceous sickle shape stipules. The flowers are arranged in short terminal racemes. They are yellow and red. The fruit is a pubescent short cylindrical pod, ending with a short curved beak. It contains smooth, shiny orange-red seeds.
Cotyledons
Cotyledons are kidney-shape. They are 10 mm long and 4 mm wide. They are subsessile.
First leaves
The first leaves are alternate and compound, trifoliate. They are held by a petiole as long as the leaflets. They are obovate to oblanceolate in shape. The apex is emarginate and mucronate. The upper face of the blade is marked with 5 to 7 pairs of slightly arcuate ribs. The petiole base is framed by two foliaceous sickle shape stipules.
General habit
The plant is erect, bushy, subwoody at the base and can measure 40 to150 cm high.
Underground system
The plant has a strong woody taproot.
Stem
The stem is cylindrical and solid. It is covered with applied hairs.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate and compound, trifoliate. They are held by a petiole as long as the leaflets (2 to 6 cm). At the base of the petiole, there are two very developed foliaceous stipules. They are sickle and almost surround the stem. They measure 10 to 20 mm long and 2 to 4 mm wide. Each leaflet is carried by a short petiolule. The lamina is obovate to oblanceolate shape. It measures 2 to 6 cm long and 7 to 25 mm wide. The base is acute and the top is rounded or slightly notched and provided with a short mucro. The terminal leaflet is slightly more developed than the lateral leaflets. The margin is entire. The upper surface is almost smooth while the underside is covered with a short sparse applied pubescence. The leaf blade is traversed by 7 to 10 pairs of slightly arched secondary veins.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is arranged in short terminal clusters of 2 to 8 cm.
Flower
The papilionaceous flowers are held by a short pedicel of 1 to 2 mm. The calyx is fused at the base and is divided into five triangular tines. It is 1 to 2 mm long and finely pubescent. The corolla consist of a upper bilobed petal, very rounded (standard), reddish brown on the upper side, 2 lateral petals (wings) and a lower petal (keel) enclosing the stamens, yellow in colour. The corolla is long and wide of 9 mm to 11 mm. The filaments of the 10 stamens are fused at the base in a tube.
Fruit
The fruits are cylindrical pods, 12 to 13 mm long and 6 to 8 mm wide. The tip ends with a curved beak corresponding to the base of the style. The wall is finely hairy. The pod contains 6 to 8 seeds.
Seed
The seeds are flattened and bent over themselves. They are 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. The seed coat is smooth and bright, orange-red in colour.
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
Cyclicity
Northern Cameroon: Crotalaria goreensis germinates in June when the rain is abundant and regular. Plowing at the start of the cycle does not affect germination. This phase of germination is of short duration (1-2 weeks). But new seedlings appear after each cultural operation (weeding, hilling). The growing season is very long and lasts until September. At that time, shortening of day induces flowering. This is staggered until October. Fruiting begins 1-2 weeks after flowering. It ends at the beginning of the dry season (late November) with the drying of the plant. For plants that germinated in June, the complete development cycle lasts four months while for individuals raised belatedly, it can be reduced to 1.5 months.
Madagascar : C. goreensis is flowering from January to April.
Madagascar : C. goreensis is flowering from January to April.
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Reproduction
Crotalaria goreensis is an annual species. It multiplies by seed only. Seeds are dispersed by water flow and tillage tools.
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
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Morphology
Growth form
Erected
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Compound
Type of prefoliation
Broad leaves
Compound leaf type
Trifoliate leaf
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Round
Root type
Taproot
Hollow or solid stem
Solid stem
Stipule type
Scythe shape stipule
Leaf attachment type
with petiole
Fruit type
Pod
Pod type
Cylindrical pod in section
Cotyledon type
reniform
Lamina base
attenuate
Lamina margin
hairy
entire
Lamina apex
rounded
mucronate
emarginate
Upperface pilosity
Glabrous
Less hairy
Upperface hair type
Pubescent
Appressed
Lowerface pilosity
Less hairy
Glabrous
Lamina section
flat
Lamina Veination
pennate
Flower color
Yellow
Orange
Inflorescence type
Raceme
Stem pilosity
Dense hairy
Stem hair type
Pubescent
Life form
Broadleaf plant
Look Alikes
The two foliaceous stipules at the base of the leaves are characteristic of Crotalaria goreensis.
Identification key of Crotalaria
(Crotalaria species have kidney-shaped seeds contained in large cylindrical pods)
| Prostrate plant | C. ononoides | ||||
| Erect plant | leaf simple | C. retusa | |||
| leaf digitate | C. grahamiana | ||||
| leaf trifoliolate | stipules large and falciform | C. goreensis | |||
| stipules filiform or absents | petiole longer than the leaf | C. incana | |||
| petiole shorter than the leaf | fleaflets elliptic to oboval | C. pallida | |||
| leaflets lanceolate to filiform | C. ochroleuca | ||||
Wiktrop
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
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Ecology
Common on disturbed sites, roadsides, overgrazed pastures and in riparian habitats.
Northern Cameroon: Crotalaria goreensis is a common weed in the Sudano-Sahelian region where annual rainfall is between 800 and 1200 mm. It grows mainly on sandy clay soil which may be rocky on the surface like fersiallitic soils. It is also found on ferruginous soil. However, it does not appear on heavier soils and very wet, clay or silty clay as vertisols and Planosols. This is a common and sometimes abundant species in traditional cultures not receiving herbicide and receiving little fertilizer. Ploughing is usually superficial. C. goreensis is a common weed in peanut or sorghum cultivation.
Madagascar: Crotalaria goreensis grows on alluvial soils,and lateritic soil of medium fertility, in sunny places. It is a weed of rainfed crops in semi-intensive cropping systems, based on upland rice, corn or peanut. It is also found in recent fallows, on roadsides and edges of crops in sub-humid zone at medium altitude, between 500 and 1000 m (Middle West, Middle East).
Northern Cameroon: Crotalaria goreensis is a common weed in the Sudano-Sahelian region where annual rainfall is between 800 and 1200 mm. It grows mainly on sandy clay soil which may be rocky on the surface like fersiallitic soils. It is also found on ferruginous soil. However, it does not appear on heavier soils and very wet, clay or silty clay as vertisols and Planosols. This is a common and sometimes abundant species in traditional cultures not receiving herbicide and receiving little fertilizer. Ploughing is usually superficial. C. goreensis is a common weed in peanut or sorghum cultivation.
Madagascar: Crotalaria goreensis grows on alluvial soils,and lateritic soil of medium fertility, in sunny places. It is a weed of rainfed crops in semi-intensive cropping systems, based on upland rice, corn or peanut. It is also found in recent fallows, on roadsides and edges of crops in sub-humid zone at medium altitude, between 500 and 1000 m (Middle West, Middle East).
Wiktrop
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Description
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
Origin
Tropical Africa.Worldwide distribution
Crotalaria goreensis is a common species throughout tropical Africa. It is present in Madagascar and Australia.
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
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No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Burkina Faso: Crotalaria goreensis is rare and scarce.
Northern Cameroon: C. goreensis is present in 25% of the cultivated plots of the Sudano-Sahelian region and is considered as a regional species. It is less common in the region drier Sahel-Sudan and is rare in wetter Sudanese region with more intensive cultivations.
Ivory Coast: rare and scarce.
Madagascar: C. goreensis is a weed not frequent and not abundant in Madagascar. It does not present any particular difficulty. It is a species introduced and naturalized in subhumid areas at medium altitude ; it is found in rainfed crops like rice, maize and groundnuts but generally scarce.
New Caledonia: Like other species of Crotalaria genus, Crotalaria goreensis remains a secondary weed of existing pastures. Significant infestations are rarely observed, but this may be the case after tillage for pasture planting.
Senegal: rare and scarce.
Tanzania : rare and scarce
Burkina Faso: Crotalaria goreensis is rare and scarce.
Northern Cameroon: C. goreensis is present in 25% of the cultivated plots of the Sudano-Sahelian region and is considered as a regional species. It is less common in the region drier Sahel-Sudan and is rare in wetter Sudanese region with more intensive cultivations.
Ivory Coast: rare and scarce.
Madagascar: C. goreensis is a weed not frequent and not abundant in Madagascar. It does not present any particular difficulty. It is a species introduced and naturalized in subhumid areas at medium altitude ; it is found in rainfed crops like rice, maize and groundnuts but generally scarce.
New Caledonia: Like other species of Crotalaria genus, Crotalaria goreensis remains a secondary weed of existing pastures. Significant infestations are rarely observed, but this may be the case after tillage for pasture planting.
Senegal: rare and scarce.
Tanzania : rare and scarce
Wiktrop
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
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No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Management
Global Management
For weeding Advice of broadleaf annual weeds of irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/19
For weeding Advice of broadleaf annual weeds of irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/19
Local management
Madagascar: In the Middle West of Madagascar, Crotalaria goreensis is controlled by manual weeding with angady in cropping systems based on maize or upland rice.
New Caledonia: Chemical treatment can be considered for dense populations at an early-stage of growth. Picloram products are preferred (see table for products and doses). On pastures in place, isolated individuals must be manually destroyed. In case of more extensive infestation, a chemical treatment with picloram on regrowths will be applied after a rotary grinding carried out during the growth period and before fruiting.
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No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
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| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
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References
- Berhaut J., 1976. Flore illustrée du Sénégal. Tome 5. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 658 p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. I part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 828 p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=adventrop/species/c/cvtgo/cvtgo_fr.html
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485 p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., Merlier, H. 1995. Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Cirad, Montpellier, France.
- Gillett, J. B., R. M. Polhill and B. Verdcourt. 1971. Leguminosae (Part 4) Subfamily Papilionoideae (2). In: Milne-Redhead, E. and R. M. Polhill, eds. 1971. Leguminosae (Part 4) Subfamily Papilionoideae (2). Flora of tropical east Africa. Crown Agents, London;
- Smith, Nicholas M. 2002. Weeds of the wet/dry tropics of Australia - a field guide. Environment Centre NT, Inc. 112 pp;
- Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. 1994. The flora of Nauru. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Atoll Research Bulletin 392:1-223
- DU PUY D. J., LABAT J. N., RABEVOHITRA R., VILLIERS J. F., BOSSER J. & MOAT J., 2002 – The Leguminoseae of Madagascar. ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, Kew, 2002, p 689.
- Blanfort, V., F. Desmoulins, J. Prosperi, T. Le Bourgeois, R. Guiglion and P. Grard (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.http://idao.cirad.fr/applications
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Information Listing > References
- Berhaut J., 1976. Flore illustrée du Sénégal. Tome 5. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 658 p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. I part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 828 p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=adventrop/species/c/cvtgo/cvtgo_fr.html
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485 p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., Merlier, H. 1995. Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Cirad, Montpellier, France.
- Gillett, J. B., R. M. Polhill and B. Verdcourt. 1971. Leguminosae (Part 4) Subfamily Papilionoideae (2). In: Milne-Redhead, E. and R. M. Polhill, eds. 1971. Leguminosae (Part 4) Subfamily Papilionoideae (2). Flora of tropical east Africa. Crown Agents, London;
- Smith, Nicholas M. 2002. Weeds of the wet/dry tropics of Australia - a field guide. Environment Centre NT, Inc. 112 pp;
- Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. 1994. The flora of Nauru. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Atoll Research Bulletin 392:1-223
- DU PUY D. J., LABAT J. N., RABEVOHITRA R., VILLIERS J. F., BOSSER J. & MOAT J., 2002 – The Leguminoseae of Madagascar. ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, Kew, 2002, p 689.
- Blanfort, V., F. Desmoulins, J. Prosperi, T. Le Bourgeois, R. Guiglion and P. Grard (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.http://idao.cirad.fr/applications
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Etude floristique et phytoécologique des adventices des complexes sucriers de Ferké 1 et 2, de Borotou-Koro et de Zuenoula, en Côte d'Ivoire
TL
Thomas Le BourgeoisImages
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=crotalaria%2520goreensis
Thomas Le Bourgeois
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| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
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There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Fabales |
| Family | Fabaceae |
| Genus | Crotalaria |
| Species | Crotalaria goreensis Guill. & Perr. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
