Code
EPHHS
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Anuual
Habit
Terrestrial
Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.
synonym | Anisophyllum hyssopifolium (L.) Haw. |
synonym | Chamaesyce brasiliensis (Lam.) Small |
synonym | Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small |
synonym | Chamaesyce jenningsii Millsp. ex Britton |
synonym | Chamaesyce jonesii (Millsp.) Millsp. |
synonym | Chamaesyce nirurioides Millsp. |
synonym | Euphorbia blanchetii Miq. ex Boiss. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis f. angustior Chodat & Hassl. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis f. latior Chodat & Hassl. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis f. major Chodat & Hassl. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis f. pruinosa Chodat |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis f. subsessilis Chodat & Hassl. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis var. blanchetii (Miq. ex Boiss.) Boiss. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis var. genuina Chodat & Hassl., nom. inval. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis var. hyssopifolia (L.) Boiss. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis var. paraguayensis Chodat |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis var. pruinosa (Chodat) Chodat & Hassl. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis var. pulchella Boiss. |
synonym | Euphorbia brasiliensis var. uniflora Chodat & Hassl. |
synonym | Euphorbia domingensis Spreng. ex Boiss., pro syn. |
synonym | Euphorbia hypericifolia var. falciformis Klotzsch |
synonym | Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. blanchetii (Miq. ex Boiss.) Oudejans |
synonym | Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. paraguayensis (Chodat) Oudejans |
synonym | Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pruinosa (Chodat) Oudejans |
synonym | Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pubescenticocca Christenh. |
synonym | Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pulchella (Boiss.) Oudejans |
synonym | Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. uniflora (Chodat & Hassl.) Oudejans |
synonym | Euphorbia jonesii Millsp. |
synonym | Euphorbia klotzschiana Miq. |
synonym | Euphorbia nirurioides (Millsp.) Fawc. & Rendle |
synonym | Euphorbia pulchella Kunth, nom. illeg. |
synonym | Euphorbia serrulata Vell., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Euphorbia stenomeres S.F.Blake |
synonym | Leptopus brasiliensis (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke |
Creoles and pidgins; French-based |
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Global description
Euphorbia hyssopifolia is an annual herbaceous plant, erect, branched dichotomously, with a height up to 40 cm tall; white latex. Leaves opposite, elliptical linear. It grows in fallows, fields, roadsides, beaches.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are short petiolate, ovate with base and apex rounded.
General habit
Plant usually erect, with filiform branches measuring 10 to 40 cm high. Presence of latex.
Underground system
The main root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is erect but sometimes spreading, reddish, totally glabrous, cylindrical and articulated, the internodes are distant of about 5 cm. It ramifies in a dichotomous way. Presence of white latex.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, opposite, glabrous, glaucous green, a little paler beneath, sessile to subessile. They are distant from one pair to another. Stipules widely triangular with bifid lobes laciniated, ciliate. Petiole glabrous, 1-1.5 mm long. The blade is often kidney-shaped, oblong to ovate-elliptical, 10 to 35 mm long and 5 to 10 mm wide. The base is asymmetric, the top is widely cunate, the margin is finely toothed. Both sides are glabrous. 3 to 5 palmate veins, ascending and arching are clearly visible on the upper surface. The leaves of the flowering twigs are narrower.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is an axillary or terminal cyme, with distichous ramifications. It is loose and leafy.
Flower
The flowers are greenish consisting of a small involucral cupule (cyath), short pedicellate and glabrous. The edge of the cup has 4 fleshy, rounded glands spread horizontally white or red with a small green ball at the base. In the center of the cup is a female flower reduced to a large ovary with 3 cells, long pedicelled hanging on the outside of the cup. It ends with a bouquet of 3 bifid stigmas. 3 to 5 stamens white filet and bifidous and rounded anthers (male flowers reduced to 1 stamen) emerge from the cupule.
Fruit
The fruit is a trilocular, glabrous, strongly denuded capsule 2 to 2,5 mm in diameter, containing three seeds.
Seed
The seed is black or greenish, ovoid tetragonous 1,1 mm long and 0,8 mm in diameter. The dorsal surface presents 2 to 3 transverse wrinkles.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
West Indies : Euphorbia hyssopifolia flowers all around the year.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Euphorbia hyssopifolia can easily be confused with E. hypericifolia
Stipules | Inflorescence | Fruit | Species |
0,7-0,9 mm | diffuse, leafy, cyath solitary or few | 2-2,5 mm | E. hyssopifolia |
1,3-1,5 mm | compact, not leafy, cyath numerous | 1-1,5 mm | E. hypericifolia |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
West Indies: Euphorbia hyssopifolia is a ruderal species and a crop weed, from 0 to 900 m altitude.
Benin: The species grows in coastal and fluviolacustrine sand, Sudano-Guinean zones on vertisols, Sudano-Guinean transition, Sudanese Northeast, Sudano-Sahelian Far North.
French Guiana: Very common species on the dikes of the Mana rice polder.
Mauritius: Absent
Reunion: Absent
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Origine
Euphorbia hyssopifolia is native to tropical adn subtropical regions of the American continent.
Worldwide distribution
This species is present throughout tropical and subtropical America, from the south of the USA to the south of Brazil. It is also present in West and East Africa, in the Indian Ocean in Madagascar and in the Seychelles, on the west coast of China, in Australia and in the Pacific islands.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local harmfulness
Benin: Rare but abundant when it is present.
French Guiana: Euphorbia hyssopifolia is quite frequent and occasionally abundant in fruit crops (especially in the slashed forest area). It is also observed at the edge of vegetable plots but very rarely in cultivation.
Uganda: Frequent but not abundant.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- Fournet, J. (2002). Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Montpellier, France, Cirad, Gondwana éditions.
- Grard, P., et al. (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Kissmann, K. G. and D. Groth (1992). Plantas Infestantes e Nocivas. Sao Paulo, Brasil.
- Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Fournet, J. (2002). Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Montpellier, France, Cirad, Gondwana éditions.
- Grard, P., et al. (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Kissmann, K. G. and D. Groth (1992). Plantas Infestantes e Nocivas. Sao Paulo, Brasil.
- Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
Etude floristique et phytoécologique des adventices des complexes sucriers de Ferké 1 et 2, de Borotou-Koro et de Zuenoula, en Côte d'Ivoire
Caractéristiques et facteurs biogéographiques de la répartition et de l’abondance des espèces adventices des systèmes herbagers de la Guyane Française
Caractérisation fonctionnelle et étude de la nuisibilité des adventices de la canne à sucre à la Réunion
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Euphorbia%2520hyssopifolia
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Malpighiales |
Family | Euphorbiaceae |
Genus | Euphorbia |
Species | Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. |