Code
ACQZI
Growth form
Grass
Biological cycle
Vivacious
Habitat
Marshland
Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy
synonym | Acroceras oryzoides Stapf |
synonym | Echinochloa zizanioides (Kunth) Roberty |
synonym | Panicum balbisianum Schult. |
synonym | Panicum dioecum Spreng., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Panicum grandiflorum Trin. ex Nees, nom. nud. |
synonym | Panicum guluense Vanderyst, pro syn. |
synonym | Panicum lutetense K.Schum. |
synonym | Panicum melicoides Poir. |
synonym | Panicum ogowense Franch. |
synonym | Panicum oryzoides Sw., nom. illeg. |
synonym | Panicum poiforme Poir. |
synonym | Panicum pseudoryzoides Steud. |
synonym | Panicum subspicatum Desv., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Panicum zizanioides Kunth |
synonym | Panicum zizanioides var. microphyllum Döll |
No Data |
Global description
Acroceras zizanioides is a more robust perennial herb than Acroceras amplectens, spreading stems and rooting at nodes, then straightened up to 1.20 m tall. It is an almost hairless plant. The leaves are lanceolate with a broad rounded base, with an unconsolidated membrano-ciliate ligule and ciliated sheath. The inflorescence is erect, loose and rigid. It consists of 2 to 8 linear branches bearing solitary or grouped spikelets. These lanceolate ovoid spikelets resemble those of Acroceras amplectans. The oblong grain is flattened and convex.
General habit
Vivacious herb spread and upright, rooting at nodes, measuring between 30 cm and 1.20 m in height. It is more robust than Acroceras amplectens, a species that resembles it.
Underground system
Roots fasciculate and developing at the lower nodes.
Culm
The culm is long procumbent and branched, rooted at the lower nodes. It then straightens while remaining simple or ramifying. It has many internodes. It is more or less compressed at the base and striated. It is hairless as well as the knots.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. The sheath is glabrous or almost ciliated margin. It is sometimes slightly purplish. The ligule is a short ciliated membrane. The blade is lanceolate short and broad, 4 to 15 cm long and 6 to 26 mm wide. It is flat, broadly rounded at the base, pointed and sharp end. It is hairless or finely ciliated at the base and has a small area of pubescence above the ligular zone. The margin is scabrous.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is loose and rigid, erect or leaning. It is 10 to 25 cm high. It is larger than that of Acroceras amplectens. It is composed of 2 to 8 rectilinear racemes 3 to 12 cm long which deviate a little from the main axis. They are simple or branched, spine more or less triquera and glabrous. They are solitary, gathered by 2 or in groups.
Spikelets
The spikelets are pedicellate and lanceolate oval in shape, they measure 4.5 to 6.5 mm long. They are glabrous, pale green in color and can be tinged with purple. The glumes are membranous, with a dorsal hull and a crest at the top. The oval lower glume, with 3 veins, measures ¾ of the length of the spikelet. The superior oblong, 5-veined is the length of the spikelet. The spikelet is composed of 2 flowers. The lower flower is sterile with the lower lemma similar to the upper glume. The upper flower is fertile and oblong and leathery. The lemmas are whitish. The lower lemma has a greenish crest at the top. The upper lemma is traversed by 2 hulls whose end is bent.
Seed
The grain is oblong, flattened and convex.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Characters to distinguish Acroceras species
Spikelet | Leaf blade | Base of the lamina | Ligule | Species |
Keeled | linear, 5 mm width | clasping | nothing or hair line | A. amplectens |
Keeled | lanceolate, 20 mm width | rounded contracted | short membrano ciliate | A. zizanioides |
Not keeled | lanceolate elliptical, 10-40 mm width | attenuated in pseudo petiole | membraneous | A. gabunense |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Acroceras zizanioides grows in damp places, shallows, river banks and shallow waters in shaded places. It is fond of clay and humus soils. It is a weed of paddy fields. It also grows in forest on wetlands and in clearings.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Worldwide distribution
Acroceras zizanioides occurs in tropical Africa from Senegal to Angola (Central African Republic, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania). It is also present in India and tropical America.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local harmfulness
Benin: rare and scanty.
Burkina Faso: rare and scanty.
Cameroon: common in the Sudano-Guinean and Guinean zones and rare in the lowlands of the Sudanian zone.
Chad: frequent and scanty.
Côte d'Ivoire: common and more or less abundant locally.
Ghana: frequent and generally abundant.
Mali: rare and scanty.
Nigeria: frequent and scanty.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M., Keay, R.W.J., Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of west tropical africa. The Whitefriars Press, London & Tonbridge, Great Britain.
- Okezie Akobundu, I. et Agyakwa, C.W. 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Grard, P., et al. (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest. ADRAO/WARDA, Bouaké, Côte-d'Ivoire.
- Poilecot, P. 1995. Les Poaceae de Côte-d'Ivoire. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève, Genève, Suisse.
- Van der Zon, A.P.M. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun, volume 2, Flore. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pays-Bas.
- Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M., Keay, R.W.J., Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of west tropical africa. The Whitefriars Press, London & Tonbridge, Great Britain.
- Okezie Akobundu, I. et Agyakwa, C.W. 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Grard, P., et al. (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest. ADRAO/WARDA, Bouaké, Côte-d'Ivoire.
- Poilecot, P. 1995. Les Poaceae de Côte-d'Ivoire. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève, Genève, Suisse.
- Van der Zon, A.P.M. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun, volume 2, Flore. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pays-Bas.
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Acroceras%2520zizanioides
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Liliopsida |
Order | Poales |
Family | Poaceae |
Genus | Acroceras |
Species | Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy |