Code
VCOLE
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Aster lofouensis H.Lév. & Vaniot |
| synonym | Conyza kotschyi (Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf. & Asch.) Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf. |
| synonym | Doronicum calcaratum Roxb. |
| synonym | Erigeron linearis Spreng. ex DC. |
| synonym | Erigeron sanguineus Parsa |
| synonym | Inula appendiculata Wall. |
| synonym | Inula auriculata (Cass.) Wall. |
| synonym | Inula indica L. |
| synonym | Inula leptoclada Webb |
| synonym | Inula scabra Wall. ex DC. |
| synonym | Inulaster kotschyi Sch.Bip. ex Hochst. |
| synonym | Jacobaea indica (L.) Kuntze |
| synonym | Pentanema indicum var. hypoleucum (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.Ling |
| synonym | Pentanema indicum var. sivarajanianum R.R.V.Raju & C.P.Raju |
| synonym | Varthemia kotschyi Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf. & Asch. |
| synonym | Vicoa appendiculata Wall. ex DC. |
| synonym | Vicoa auriculata Cass. |
| synonym | Vicoa aurita DC. |
| synonym | Vicoa indica (L.) DC. |
| synonym | Vicoa leptoclada (Webb) Dandy |
🗒 Common Names
| Hindi |
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| Malayalam |
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| Marathi |
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📚 Overview
Description
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Global description
Pentanema indicum is an erect plant, with simple leaves, alternate and sessile. These are long lanceolate and have a broadly slightly embracing base. The flower heads are long pedunculated at the ends of the branches and are golden yellow. The achenes are surmounted by a uniform pappus of white bristles.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are very small. They are oval; they are 3 mm long and 2 mm wide.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple and alternate. They are sessile and have an oval shape. The base of the lamina is attenuated in pseudo-petiole. The margin has short spaced teeth. In the following stages, the limb lengthens, the edges become almost parallel and the base widens.
General habit
Pentanema indicum is an erect plant. The plant develops in an axis more or less branched. The branches develop in the upper part of the plant. It can measure 30 to 120 cm high.
Underground system
The root is a taproot..
Stem
The stem is quadrangular with rounded angles. It is solid and its surface is finely striated longitudinally. It has a short pubescence.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are sessile. The blade is long lanceolate, 50 to 80 mm long and 8 to 15 mm wide. Its base is widened in small auricles sometimes embracing the stem and the apex ends in acute corner. The edges are almost parallel and have spaced teeth. Both sides are slightly scabrous. The upper side is dark green, while the underside is lighter. The pinnate venation is clearly visible, with 10 to 12 depressed lateral veins on the upper side of the lamina.
Inflorescence
The flowers are assembled in capitula. These are arranged at the end of the main axis and axillary branches. They are borne by peduncles 1 to 4 cm long. The capitula are flattened vertically; they measure 8 to 10 mm in diameter and 5 to 7 mm in height. They are surrounded by an involucre of numerous bracts, arranged on 3 or 4 rows. These bracts are linear, acute at the apex and covered with glandular hairs.
Flower
All capitulum florets are tubular and golden yellow in color.
Fruit
The fruits are cylindrical achenes 1 mm long, slightly pubescent. The summit is surmounted by a uniform pappus of 15 to 20 white bristles 4 mm long.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Northern Cameroon: Pentanema indicum is mainly a species of end of the crop cycle. Germination occurs in June when rains are abundant. This phase is short (1 to 2 weeks), but can be renewed following a tillage operation (weeding, hilling). Flowering begins in late August to early September, after 6 to 10 weeks of vegetation, and lasts until November. The fructification and the dissemination of achenes take place at the beginning of the dry season, until the complete drying of the plant. Individuals with late germination (after last weeding) have a shorter development cycle because of the decrease in day length. Flowering occurs after 2 to 3 weeks of vegetation in individuals with reduced development.
China: Pentanema indicum flowers from September to April.
India: Pentanema indicum flowers from November to February.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Ecology
Northern Cameroon: Pentanema indicum occurs in areas with annual rainfall greater than 800 mm. In Northern Cameroon, it is infrequent in the Sahelo-Sudanian region with a rainfall of less than 800 mm, but it is present in 23% of the plots in the Sudanian region where the annual rainfall is greater than 1,200 mm. This species does not show a notable soil preference. It is characteristic of young plots, cultivated for 3 to 5 years and whose cultivation techniques are being intensified (fertilizer, hitch cultivation).
China: Pentanema indicum grows in waste ground and on grassy slopes, from 700 to 2000 m altitude.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
Description
Worldwide distribution
Pentanema indicum is widespread throughout tropical Africa, India and Asia
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Northern Cameroon: Pentanema indicum is a low frequency weed in the Sahelo-Sudan region but is present in 23% of the past in the Sudanian region. It can be locally abundant, but only at the end of the crop cycle.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:259717-1
- Traoré H., 1991. Influence des facteurs agro-écologiques sur la constitution des communautés adventices des principales cultures céréalières (sorgho, mil, maïs) du Burkina-Faso. Thèse doctorat, USTL, Montpellier II, France, 180p. + annexes.
- Flora of China http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024342
- India Biodiversity Portal https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/230639
Information Listing > References
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:259717-1
- Traoré H., 1991. Influence des facteurs agro-écologiques sur la constitution des communautés adventices des principales cultures céréalières (sorgho, mil, maïs) du Burkina-Faso. Thèse doctorat, USTL, Montpellier II, France, 180p. + annexes.
- Flora of China http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024342
- India Biodiversity Portal https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/230639
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT for Pentanema indicm: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Pentanema%2520indicum
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT for Vicoa indica: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=vicoa%2520indica
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Asterales |
| Family | Asteraceae |
| Genus | Pentanema |
| Species | Pentanema indicum (L.) Y. Ling |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
