Code
ERATM
Growth form
grass
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Eragrostis tremula var. gajanandii Genda Singh, Bala & C.S.Purohit |
🗒 Common Names
| No Data |
📚 Overview
Description
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Global description
Eragrostis tremula is a small tufted plant with long erect culms. The leaves are long and slender, marked by a line of long, periligular white hairs. The ligule is ciliated. The inflorescence is a very loose panicle, ellipsoidal, with very thin but few branches. Spikelets are linear, laterally compressed, with 10 to 60 flowers. The spikelets disarticulate from the base, the paleas remaining persistent. Glumes, lemmas and paleas are membranous. The grain is orbicular, red in color.
First leaves
The first leaves have a rolled prefoliation. The blade is linear and very slender to the top, 2 to 10 cm long and 1.5 to 3 mm wide. It is erected obliquely. The ligule is ciliate and short. The periligular line has a line of long white hairs. The sheath is cylindrical and has some long white hairs at the top of the margin. The hull is not very marked. The base of the limb is dotted with some long white hairs, the margin is finely scabrous and has long white hairs in the lower part. The main vein is not very visible.
General habit
The plant is loose tuft. The plant generally has weak tillering, and the axes are not very ramified. This species is up to 1 m tall.
Underground system
The roots are fasciculate.
Culm
The culm is cylindrical, 1 to 3 mm wide. He is smooth and glabrous. The nodes are glabrous and dark in color.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate, erect or oblique. The sheath is cylindrical and weakly keeled. It presents some white hairs, 3 to 5 mm long, at the top of the margin. The ligule is ciliated and 0.3 mm high. The periligular line has a line of white hairs 3 to 4 mm long. The lamina is linear, long tapered to the apex peak sharp. It is 10 to 20 cm long and 4 to 7 mm wide. It is dotted with some long white hairs at the base of the upper face, the margin is scabrid and at the base has long white hairs. The blade is weakly marked in the middle by a central vein gutter-like.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a very loose ovoid panicle, 10 to 40 cm long and 5 to 15 cm wide. It is formed of few long ramifications but very thin and flexible, trembling at the slightest draft. The ramification base is marked by a small tuft of hair.
Spikelet
The spikelets are borne by filiform pedicels, 4-10 mm long. The spikelets are linear, they measure 5 to 40 mm long and 1 to 3 mm wide. They are pale in color or tinged with purple. They comprise 10 to 60 identical, laterally compressed flowers which, at maturity, disarticulate from the base of the spikelet. During disarticulation, paleas remain persistent on the racheole. The glumes are oval and glabrous, the lower one is 1 mm long, the upper is 2 mm long. Lemmas are closely overlapping. They are elliptical, ending in a wide corner at the top. They are glabrous, sometimes slightly scabrid at the top of the dorsal vein and 2 mm long. The paleas are bicarinated, slightly shorter and narrower than the lemmas and slightly scabrous at the top of the hulls. All parts are membranous.
Grain
The grain is free, orbicular, with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The tegument is finely reticulated and dark red in color.
Eragrostis tremula is a small tufted plant with long erect culms. The leaves are long and slender, marked by a line of long, periligular white hairs. The ligule is ciliated. The inflorescence is a very loose panicle, ellipsoidal, with very thin but few branches. Spikelets are linear, laterally compressed, with 10 to 60 flowers. The spikelets disarticulate from the base, the paleas remaining persistent. Glumes, lemmas and paleas are membranous. The grain is orbicular, red in color.
First leaves
The first leaves have a rolled prefoliation. The blade is linear and very slender to the top, 2 to 10 cm long and 1.5 to 3 mm wide. It is erected obliquely. The ligule is ciliate and short. The periligular line has a line of long white hairs. The sheath is cylindrical and has some long white hairs at the top of the margin. The hull is not very marked. The base of the limb is dotted with some long white hairs, the margin is finely scabrous and has long white hairs in the lower part. The main vein is not very visible.
General habit
The plant is loose tuft. The plant generally has weak tillering, and the axes are not very ramified. This species is up to 1 m tall.
Underground system
The roots are fasciculate.
Culm
The culm is cylindrical, 1 to 3 mm wide. He is smooth and glabrous. The nodes are glabrous and dark in color.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate, erect or oblique. The sheath is cylindrical and weakly keeled. It presents some white hairs, 3 to 5 mm long, at the top of the margin. The ligule is ciliated and 0.3 mm high. The periligular line has a line of white hairs 3 to 4 mm long. The lamina is linear, long tapered to the apex peak sharp. It is 10 to 20 cm long and 4 to 7 mm wide. It is dotted with some long white hairs at the base of the upper face, the margin is scabrid and at the base has long white hairs. The blade is weakly marked in the middle by a central vein gutter-like.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a very loose ovoid panicle, 10 to 40 cm long and 5 to 15 cm wide. It is formed of few long ramifications but very thin and flexible, trembling at the slightest draft. The ramification base is marked by a small tuft of hair.
Spikelet
The spikelets are borne by filiform pedicels, 4-10 mm long. The spikelets are linear, they measure 5 to 40 mm long and 1 to 3 mm wide. They are pale in color or tinged with purple. They comprise 10 to 60 identical, laterally compressed flowers which, at maturity, disarticulate from the base of the spikelet. During disarticulation, paleas remain persistent on the racheole. The glumes are oval and glabrous, the lower one is 1 mm long, the upper is 2 mm long. Lemmas are closely overlapping. They are elliptical, ending in a wide corner at the top. They are glabrous, sometimes slightly scabrid at the top of the dorsal vein and 2 mm long. The paleas are bicarinated, slightly shorter and narrower than the lemmas and slightly scabrous at the top of the hulls. All parts are membranous.
Grain
The grain is free, orbicular, with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The tegument is finely reticulated and dark red in color.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Northern Cameroon: Eragrostis tremula is a weed found in plots, mainly in the middle and at the end of the crop cycle. Germination takes place in July and lasts only one to two weeks. It is not dependent on plowing but requires a sufficiently moist soil. In poorly degraded soils with good water retention, germination can begin earlier. After weeding or hilling, new, few emergences appear. Flowering begins during the month of August but is especially important in September. Fruiting and dissemination continue until the beginning of the dry season (late October-early November).
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Look Alikes
Criteria for identifying some Eragrostis at the vegetative stage (see Le Bourgeois and Kamga-Tchayé 1991)
1 Presence of many sticky glands on the sheath - E. viscosa
1' Absence of sticky glands on the sheath:
2 Periligular zone glabrous:
3 Ligule 0.7 mm, membranous, truncate barely ciliated at the apex; glabrous sheath; glabrous lamina, banded, 3 to 5 mm wide - E. namaquensis
3' Ligule membrano-ciliate 0.3 mm; glabrous sheath; ciliate margin and base (hair white 2-3 mm) - E. gangetica
2' Tufts of developed periligular hairs:
4 Ligule = 0.3 mm:
5 Short and stiff periligular hairs from 1 to 1.5 mm; ciliated ligule - E. turgida
5' Silky, well-developed periligular hairs of 3-4 mm; membrane-ciliated ligule:
6 Glabrous sheath and limb - E. pilosa
6' Long white hairs 3-4 mm at the base and on the margin of the limb, limb green-blue; ligule very slightly membranous - E. tremula
4' Ligule 0.7 to 1 mm, ciliate, usually doubled by a second line of longer hairs:
7 Very long periligular hairs with mustaches of 5 to 7 mm; ciliated ligule lined with a 2nd row of long hair 3-4 mm - E. aspera
7' Periligular hairs developed but with a length of 2 to 5 mm:
8 Ciliated ligule lined with a second row of long hairs; densely hairy sheath - E. ciliaris
8' Ciliated ligule not lined with a second row of hairs; limb glabrous at the base ; margin with few hairs; glabrous sheath - E. cilianensis
1 Presence of many sticky glands on the sheath - E. viscosa
1' Absence of sticky glands on the sheath:
2 Periligular zone glabrous:
3 Ligule 0.7 mm, membranous, truncate barely ciliated at the apex; glabrous sheath; glabrous lamina, banded, 3 to 5 mm wide - E. namaquensis
3' Ligule membrano-ciliate 0.3 mm; glabrous sheath; ciliate margin and base (hair white 2-3 mm) - E. gangetica
2' Tufts of developed periligular hairs:
4 Ligule = 0.3 mm:
5 Short and stiff periligular hairs from 1 to 1.5 mm; ciliated ligule - E. turgida
5' Silky, well-developed periligular hairs of 3-4 mm; membrane-ciliated ligule:
6 Glabrous sheath and limb - E. pilosa
6' Long white hairs 3-4 mm at the base and on the margin of the limb, limb green-blue; ligule very slightly membranous - E. tremula
4' Ligule 0.7 to 1 mm, ciliate, usually doubled by a second line of longer hairs:
7 Very long periligular hairs with mustaches of 5 to 7 mm; ciliated ligule lined with a 2nd row of long hair 3-4 mm - E. aspera
7' Periligular hairs developed but with a length of 2 to 5 mm:
8 Ciliated ligule lined with a second row of long hairs; densely hairy sheath - E. ciliaris
8' Ciliated ligule not lined with a second row of hairs; limb glabrous at the base ; margin with few hairs; glabrous sheath - E. cilianensis
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Ecology
Northern Cameroon: Eragrostis tremula is a heliophilous species. It develops from the Sahelo-Sudanian regions to the Sudanian regions whose annual rainfall is between 600 and 1400 mm. It is a ruderal species, common along roadside, in vacant lots and in recent fallows. It is also a common weed of annual crops. It is a characteristic species of light and well-filtered soils such as ferruginous soils and in particular ferruginous soils degraded on sandstones whose superficial horizon is very sandy. It is very rare on clay and wet soils such as vertisoils or planosoils.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Worldwide distribution
Eragrostis tremula is widespread throughout tropical Africa, India until Vietnam.
Eragrostis tremula is widespread throughout tropical Africa, India until Vietnam.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Local harmfulness
Northern Cameroon: Eragrostis tremula is a regional weed, present in 15 to 30% of cultivated plots. This species is mainly found in low intensified crops, not receiving herbicide, such as sorghum or groundnuts, which are rotated with intensive crops such as cotton and maize. It is often abundant in plots cultivated for more than 10 years, whose soil is destructured and not very fertile.
Northern Cameroon: Eragrostis tremula is a regional weed, present in 15 to 30% of cultivated plots. This species is mainly found in low intensified crops, not receiving herbicide, such as sorghum or groundnuts, which are rotated with intensive crops such as cotton and maize. It is often abundant in plots cultivated for more than 10 years, whose soil is destructured and not very fertile.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, 66p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Vanden Berghen C., 1983. Matériaux pour une flore de la végétation herbacée de la Casamance occidentale, Sénégal, Fascicule 2, Gramineae.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Zon van der A.P.M., 1992. Graminées du Cameroun, Vol. II, Flore. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 92 - 1, Wageningen, 557p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. III part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 574p.
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490p.
- Stanfield D.P., 1970. The flora of Nigeria, Grasses. Stanfield and Lowe ed., Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 118p.
- Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html. [accessed 08 January 2020]
Natural History > Look Alikes
- Le Bourgeois Th. & Kamga F., 1991. Quelques critères de détermination au stade végétatif des Eragrostis annuels adventices des cultures au Nord-Cameroun. Weed Research, 31, 1 : 59-62
- http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/143
Information Listing > References
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, 66p.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
- Vanden Berghen C., 1983. Matériaux pour une flore de la végétation herbacée de la Casamance occidentale, Sénégal, Fascicule 2, Gramineae.
- Le Bourgeois, T. and H. Merlier (1995). Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.637p.
- Zon van der A.P.M., 1992. Graminées du Cameroun, Vol. II, Flore. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 92 - 1, Wageningen, 557p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. III part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 574p.
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490p.
- Stanfield D.P., 1970. The flora of Nigeria, Grasses. Stanfield and Lowe ed., Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 118p.
- Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html. [accessed 08 January 2020]
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Eragrostis%2520tremula
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Liliopsida |
| Order | Poales |
| Family | Poaceae |
| Genus | Eragrostis |
| Species | Eragrostis tremula Hochst. ex Steud. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
